重修班复习资料(1)

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结构力学重修班

结构力学重修班

模块一梁和刚架内力图的绘制
(每位同学完成一份,打印后手写答案,要求交上后能解释绘图步骤)一、绘制下列梁结构的剪力图和弯矩图
二、绘制下图所示刚架的弯矩图
模块二力学在工程中的应用
(每两位同学完成一份,如果没搭档,那就独自完成。

要求能够口头表述完成本模块所的工作以及成果。

打印后手写答案。


一、假如工程上现在需要起吊10T的钢模板,请问该调什么型号的吊车?需
要有分析的过程
二、例举工程上常见工字钢的几种型号,绘制其截面图,说明其力学性质。

三、工程上施工单位主要做哪些和力学相关的实验,请一一进行说明?。

重修复习

重修复习

第一、二章1、有程序代码如下:Picture1.Picture = LoadPicture("C:\Pict.bmp"),则Picture1、Picture和LoadPicture分别代表()。

A、对象、属性、函数B、对象、方法、值C、对象、属性、值D、对象、属性、方法2、下列语句能设置文本框Text1的文字颜色为蓝色的是()。

A、Text1.ForeColor = RGB(0, 255, 0)B、Text1.ForeColor = RGB(0, 0, 0)C、Text1.ForeColor = RGB(255, 0, 0)D、Text1.ForeColor = RGB(0, 0, 255)3、在立即窗口中运行以下语句,其输出结果是()。

a = "BeiJing"b = "ShangHai"Print a, bPrint a; bA、BeiJing ShangHaiBeiJingShangHaiB、BeiJingShangHaiBeiJing ShangHai C、BeiJing;ShangHaiBeiJing,ShangHai D、BeiJing,ShangHaiBeiJing;ShangHai4、要使标签控件显示时不覆盖其背景内容,要对()属性进行设置。

A、BackStyleB、BackColorC、BorderStyleD、ForeColor5、以下关于标签和文本框的叙述中,正确的是()。

A、标签和文本框都具有BorderStyle属性B、标签和文本框都具有MultiLine属性C、标签和文本框都具有Text属性D、标签和文本框都具有Caption属性6、若取消窗体的最大化功能,则可设置()属性为False来实现。

A、MinButtonB、ControlBoxC、MaxButtonD、Enabled7、若要使命令按钮获得焦点,可使用它的()方法实现。

大学化学_重修班 (天津大学)资料

大学化学_重修班 (天津大学)资料
在某温度T 和标准压力下,单位物质的
量的某纯物质的规定熵称为该物质的标准摩 尔熵。其符号为 :
Sm (B,相态,T) ,单位是J·mol-1 ·K-1
Sm (单质,相态,298.15K)>0
2.化学反应熵变的计算 对于化学反应:
0=ΣνBB △ rSm (T,K)
B
根据状态函数的特征,利用标准摩尔熵, 可以计算298.15K时的反应的标准摩尔熵变。
1906年,[德]W.H.Nernst提出,经 [德]Max Planck 和[美]G.N.Lewis等
改进。
纯物质完整有序晶体在0K时的熵值为零。 (热力学第三定律)
S (完整晶体,0K)=0
标准摩尔熵
纯晶体物质经温度变化 0K T K时,其 熵变值,即为该物质在T时的规定熵.
△S = ST - S 0 = ST ST---规定熵(绝对熵)
标准摩尔生成Gibbs自由能
在标准状态和温度TK下,由稳定单质
生成1某物质时Gibbs自由能变,称为该
物质的标准摩尔生成Gibbs自由能。
2、利用物质的标准摩尔生成焓
• 标准摩尔生成焓:标准态下某温度时,有稳 定单质生成1摩尔某物质的反应热,称为该物 质在温度时的标准生成热或标准生成焓。
以ΔfHmθ (物质,相态) 表示 稳定单质:在298K和标准压力下,元素的最稳
定形态。如C—石墨,S-斜方硫.
标准态:压力Pø = 100kPa的条件
由标准生成焓的定义可知:ΔfHmθ(稳定物质)= 0
ΔrHmθ=ΣΔfHmθ (产物)- ΣΔfHmθ (反应物)
例1.已知: N2H4(l) + O2(g)=N2(g)+2H2O(l)
ΔfHmθ/kJmol-1 50.63

2021秋期土力学复习资料(1)

2021秋期土力学复习资料(1)

2021秋期《土木工程力学》重修复习资料一、填空题1、力对的作用效应有外效应(又称运动效应)和内效应(又称变形效应),力的可传性不能适用于力的内效应,而只能适用于力的外效应。

2、物体的平衡状态,是指物体相对于地球保持静止或做匀速直线运动的状态。

3、荷载按作用时间可分为恒荷载和活荷载4.只在两个力作用下平衡的构件称为二力构件,其所受到的两个力必定沿两力作用点的连线,且大小相等、方向相反。

5、工程中常见的支座有活动铰支座、固定铰支座、固定端支座和定向支座。

固定铰支座具有水平方向和竖直方向两个约束反力。

6、如第6题图所示,已知力F=20kN,则其在x、y轴上的投影分别为Fx=+10√2 kN,Fy=-10√2 kN.7、如第5题图所示,作用在C点处的力偶m对C点的矩为40 kN.m,对B点的矩为40 kN.m。

8、力学上把这种大小相等、方向相反的两个平行力,叫做力偶。

9、同平面内的两个力偶,只要它们的力偶矩大小相等、转向相同,这两个力偶就彼此等效。

10.力偶在其作用平面内对任意点的矩等于其力偶矩,在任意轴上的投影为0。

11.当把作用在刚体上的力F平移至刚体上的任一点时,必须同时附加一个力偶,其矩等于此力对该点的矩。

12、合力在任一坐标轴上的投影,等于各分力(所有分力)在同一坐标轴上投影的代数和,这就是合力投影定理。

13.平面任意力系的主矢与简化中心的选取无关,而主矩一般与简化中心的选取有关。

14.平面汇交力系的平衡方程分别为15.两矩心的连线不能与投影轴垂直.16.平面一般力系具有3种形式的平衡方程。

(基本,二矩式,三矩式)17.构件在荷载作用下能安全、正常的工作需要满足强度、刚度和稳定性的要求。

18、强度是抵抗破坏的能力,刚度是抵抗变形的能力。

+19.杆件的基本变形形式有轴向拉(压)、剪切、扭转和弯曲四种。

20、拉(压)杆的受力特点是沿杆轴线方向作用一对大小相等方向相反的力。

21、在轴向拉(压)杆中,把单位面积上的内力叫做应力,它的国际单位是Pa22、扭矩是作用面与轴线垂直的内力偶矩,弯矩是作用面与横截面垂直的内力偶矩。

建筑施工重修复习题

建筑施工重修复习题

重修复习任务说明1、本复习内容包括:1框架梁、板平面整体表示识读课考查课2框架结构施工图绘制课考查课3建筑施工技术课考试注:请重修考试复习同学对应自己的重修科目复习第一部分框架梁、板平面整体表示识读课考查课作业1、图集11G101-1第34页任选4根梁进行施工图识读2、图集11G101-1第41页任选4块板进行施工图识读2、图集11G101-1第11页任选4根柱进行施工图识读第二部分框架结构施工图绘制课考查课作业将图集11G101-1第34页图绘制在一张2号图纸上第三部分建筑施工技术复习题考试课选择题1、建筑节能工程是单位工程的一个C、分部工程;A、分项B、单项C、分部2、一个井管一个泵的井点降水是C、管井井点降水;A、轻型B、电渗C、管井3、扣件式钢管脚手架支搭时,大横杆应在立杆的A、内侧;A、内侧B、外侧C、随意4、后浇带宽度以A、1m为宜;A、1mB、C、2m5、地下室钢筋砼外墙板施工缝形式目前多用C、平缝加止水带;A、高低缝B、企口缝C、平缝加止水带6、当梁跨大于等于C、4m时,底模应起拱;A、2mB、3mC、4m7、上层楼板正在浇筑砼时,下一层楼板的模板支柱B、不得拆除;A、可以B、不得C、随意8、悬臂构件拆除底模板必须待砼达到设计强度C、100% ;A、50%B、75%C、100%9、当大体积砼结构平面面积较大时,宜采用B、分段分层浇筑方案;A、全面分层B、分段分层C、斜面分层10、无粘结预应力筋张拉,当无设计要求时,砼强度应达到设计强度B、75%方可开始张拉;A、50%B、75%C、100%11、基坑开挖时,两个人操作间距应大于B、;A、 B、 C、12、当室外日平均气温连续5d稳定低于B、5℃时,在结构工程应采取冬施措施;A、-5℃B、5℃C、-10℃13、外墙保温重点是A、外墙外保温系统;A、外墙外保温B、外墙内保温C、外墙内外保温14、屋面用满粘法铺贴SBS防水卷材时,搭接宽度为B、80mm ;A、70mmB、80mmC、100mm15、安装与拆除A、5m 以上的模板,应搭脚手架,并设防护栏,防止上下在同一垂直面操作;A、5mB、6mC、10m16、当最高气温低于25℃时,砼浇筑完后应在C、12h 以内加以覆盖和浇水;A、6hB、9hC、12h17、砼集中搅拌站,目前的供应半径约;A、15~20kmB、5~10kmC、25-40km18、HPB235级钢筋端部每个半圆弯钩长度增加值为;A、 B、 C、2d19、在任何情况下,受拉钢筋绑扎搭接长度不应小于;A、100mmB、200mmC、300mm20、大模板适用于高层结构施工;A、框架B、剪力墙C、钢管砼21、水泥砂浆的最小水泥用量不宜小于;A、400kg/m3B、200kg/m3C、300kg/m322、当梁的跨度等于及大于时,应起拱;23、在砌筑工程中,水泥砂浆中水泥用量不应小于;kg/m3 B. 200 kg/m3 C. 150 kg/m324、对于防渗砼养护时间不得少于;天天 C. 14天25、现浇砼的施工缝宜留在结构剪力的部位,单向板应留在平行于任何位置;A.剪力大B.剪力小C.长边D.短边26、砖墙砌筑的灰缝为A. 6-8mm C. 8-12mm27、大体积砼浇筑时产生泌水层应采用和可减少泌水现象;A.抽吸B.不同坍落度砼C.掺减水剂D.增加水泥润28、钢筋加工时箍筋弯钩平直段有抗震要求应;C. 15 d29、在任何情况下,受拉钢筋的搭接长度不应小于;30.某基坑开挖土方量为1000m3,基础在坑内占体积为800m3,土的最初可松性系数和最终可松性系数分别为和;则该基坑除留下回填用土外,多余土方外运量为;A.220m3 B.C.D.31.砌体墙砌筑时按照要求需设置构造柱,则构造柱部位墙体必须砌成;A.踏步槎B.马牙槎C.直槎D.斜槎32.有主、次梁的现浇楼盖,砼宜顺次梁方向浇筑,施工缝应留设在;A.主梁跨中1/3范围内B.次梁跨中1/3范围内C.与次梁平行任意位置D.主梁支座附近33.锤击沉桩法正常打桩方式采用;A.重锤高击,高锤重打B.重锤低击,低锤重打C.轻锤高击,高锤轻打D.重锤低击,低锤轻打34.已知某基坑边坡的高度为1m,底宽为,则该边坡的坡度系数为;当拆除构件跨度为8m的混凝土梁的底模板时,该混凝土的强度应达到设计的混凝土立方体抗压强度标准值的以上;A.50% B.75% C.80% D.100%36.当土的渗透系数在~50m/d之间、降水深度小于6m时,可选用降水方法;A.一级轻型井点B.多级轻型井点C.管井井点D.深井井点37.当室外日平均气温连续5d稳定低于时,在结构工程应采取冬施措施;℃ B. 0℃ C. 5℃ D. 10℃38.浇筑砼时,砼自由下落高度不应超过;39.跨度为6m 的现浇钢筋混凝土梁、板,支模时应按没计要求起拱;当设计无具体要求时,起拱高度可以采用mm;40当拆除构件跨度为8m的混凝土梁的底模板时,该混凝土的强度应达到设计的混凝土立方体抗压强度标准值的以上;A.50% B.75% C.80% D.100%41 HPB300级钢筋端部设180°弯钩,弯钩增加值为;A.B.3d C.D.5d42.泥浆护壁成孔灌注桩施工时,要求端承桩孔底沉渣厚度不得大于mm;A.40 B.50 C.80 D.15043.砌块砌筑时,竖向灰缝的砂浆饱满度应不小于;A.70% B.80% C.90% D.100%44.钢筋备料、加工的依据是A、构件配筋图B、钢筋施工图C、钢筋配料单D、钢筋下料单填空题1、土方工程降水方法分集水坑排水施工法和井点降水施工法两类;2、土方工程中常用的施工机械有推土机、铲运机、单斗挖土机包括正铲、反铲、拉铲、抓铲等、多斗挖掘机、装载机等;3、填土压实的影响因素主要有压实功、土的含水量以及铺土厚度;4、土方开挖应遵循开槽支撑,先撑后挖,分层开挖,严禁超挖的原则;5、常用的人工地基处理方法有换土垫层法、堆载预压、重锤表层夯、化学加固写4种;6、常用的浅基础类型有独立基础、条形基础、筏型基础、箱型基础;7、普通砖墙的砌筑形式主要有一顺一丁、梅花丁、三顺一丁、三三一砌法、、;8、屋面防水常用的方法有细石混凝土防水、、和刚性防水;9、大体积砼的浇注方案有、和等方案;10、混凝土的养护方法分为和两大类;11、钢筋的连接方式有、、;12、提高推土机工作效率的措施有、、和多刀送土;13、砌体在砌筑时要求灰缝横平竖直、、、;14、混凝土的投料顺序有一次投料法、和;15、多立杆式脚手架的承力结构有、、和纵向构架;简答题1、大体积砼裂缝控制技术措施有哪些大体砼若合理选择配合比,加强施工中的温度控制,运用合理的施工方法,改善约束条件就能有效控制裂缝产生;2、砌体哪些部位不得留脚手眼不得在下列墙体或部位设置脚手眼1 120MM厚墙、料石清水墙和独立柱;2 过梁上与过梁成60°角的三角形范围及过梁净跨度1/2的高度范围内;3 宽度小于1M的窗间墙;4 砌体门窗洞口两侧200MM石砌体为300MM和转角处450MM石砌体为600MM范围内;5 梁或梁垫下及其左右500MM范围内;6 设计不允许设置脚手眼的部位;3、简述流砂产生的原因及防治方法;水在土中渗流所产生的动水压力对土体作用的结果,防治方法:1水下挖水法,2枯水期施工法,3打版桩法,4地下连续墙法,5人工降低地下水位4、.简述钢筋工程隐蔽验收的内容;钢筋分项要点:1 按施工图核查,检查钢筋品种、直径、数量、位置、间距、形状和尺寸;2 检查厚度,和埋件等是否符合要求;3检查钢筋接头:如绑扎搭接,要检查搭接长度、接头位置和数量错开长度、接头百分率,或机械连接,要检查外观质量、取样试件试验是否达到要求、接头位置相互错开、数量接头百分率;4做好钢筋记录;5、试分析混凝土蜂窝、麻面、露筋产生的原因,工程中如何处理剔除疏松部分,清理干净,然后用细石砼浇筑;如果孔洞深度很浅,可以剔除清理后用收光;注意这要一拆除模板后就要进行;时间长了的话后补砼外观很难看还要用调配至原砼表面颜色才能补6、对于脚手架的搭设有什么要求脚手架的基本要求: 1足够强度、刚度、稳定性;2足够面积; 3 安全,符合高空作业要求; 4 构造简单,装拆方便;5因地制宜,就地取材;7、砌筑工程施工的主要工序有那些抄平,放线,摆砖样,砌转角,,清理,对于清水砖墙8、大体积混凝土浇筑后为什么会产生裂缝,有那些措施可以减少裂缝优先选用低水化热的矿渣水泥拌制混凝土,并适当使用缓凝;2、在保证混凝土设计强度等级的前提下,适当降低,减少水泥用量;3、降低混凝土的入模温度,控制混凝土内外温差当设计无要求时,控制在25度以内4、及时对混凝土覆盖保温、保湿材料;5、可在基础内预埋管,通入,强制降低混凝土水化热产生的温度;6、在拌合混凝土时,还可掺入适量的或,使混凝土得到补偿收缩,减少混凝土的温度应力;7、设置后浇缝;当平面尺寸过大时,可以适当设置后浇缝,以减小外应力和温度应力,同时也有利于散热,降低混凝土的内部温度;9. 简述配筋砌体构造柱施工工艺及构造要求10、配筋砌体的主要施工工序有哪些11、什么是施工缝留设施工缝的原则是什么柱子、次梁施工缝应各留在何处12、简述脚手架搭设步骤;13、大体积混凝土浇筑过程中后浇带如何留设与处理;14、什么是皮数杆,有什么作用皮数杆,可以为方木,塑料尺条等直且有一定刚度的物品,在上面画上砌墙每皮砖的尺寸,一般这个尺寸包括砌体的厚度与灰缝的厚度,在划尺寸时注意考虑砌墙的高度,合理的分配灰缝的厚度,一般烧结普通砖的灰缝应控制在8mm-12mm之间,每一皮砖的尺寸在皮数杆上画定以后,在墙体砌筑时放在直型墙的两端,然后将最底下的一皮砖的位置抄平固定好,砌墙时只需要在两头的皮数杆上带上一条线然后按照线砌砌块,可以保证墙体的灰缝水平均匀15、什么是灰土地基简述其施工工艺计算题1、某工程实验室配合比为1::水泥:砂:石,水灰比W/C=,每m3砼水泥用量300kg,现场砂含水率3%,石子含水率1%,求施工配合比,若采用250公升搅拌机,求每拌一次材料用量;2、某工程基坑坑底尺寸30mX40m,基坑深,边坡均按1:放坡,试计算该基坑的体积;识图计算题已知:框架柱尺寸为500×500,轴线均为正中,混凝土强度等级C30,保护层25mm抗震等级二级;要求:1用语言说明该梁钢筋平法表示的含义;5分2计算该梁第二跨即③~④轴线间箍筋的总个数;5分3计算梁上部通常筋单根下料长度;5分4计算梁右边跨上部第二排非通长筋单根下料长度;5分案例分析题1、某工程建筑面积25000m2,采用现浇混凝土结构,基础为筏板式基础,地下3层,地上12层,基础埋深,该工程位于繁华市区,施工场地狭下;基坑开挖到设计标高后,施工单位和监理单位共同对基坑进行验槽,并对基地进行了钎探;发现有部分软弱下卧层,施工单位于是针对此问题制订了处理方案并进行了处理;墙体采用混凝土砌块,并设置构造柱;问题:1施工单位与监理单位两家共同进行工程验槽的做法是否妥当说明理由;2简述构造柱质量控制要求;2、背景:某工程为框架结构,底层大厅有18根柱,高度,从基础顶到一层大梁止,断面为750mm×500mm;浇筑混凝土混凝土设计强度为C30后,拆模时发现13根柱有严重的蜂窝、孔洞、露筋现象,特别是在地面以上1m处尤其集中与严重;其中严重的蜂窝部位露筋面积占到㎡,露筋位置正好是钢筋的连接部位;同时在浇筑该层混凝土时,留置了三组标养试块,其数据如下单位为MPa:第一组:第二组:第三组:问题:1引起这一质量事故的原因是什么5分2判定混凝土试块强度是否合格如果试块强度不合格,怎么处理10分3对此事故采取何种补强加固措施;5分。

《工程图学B》重修复习资料

《工程图学B》重修复习资料

重修班制图复习题一、填空题1、正投影的基本性质(实形性)、(积聚性)和(类似性)。

2、无论是外螺纹或内螺纹,在剖视或剖面图中剖面线都必须画到(粗实)线。3、按剖切范围分,剖视图可分为(全)、(半)和(局部)三类。

4、画在视图轮廓线之外的断面,称为(移出)断面;画在视图轮廓线之内的断面,称为(重合)断面。

5、当机件上被放大的部位仅一个时,在局部放大图的上方只需注明(所采用的比例)。6、图样中所标注的尺寸,为该图样所示机件的(最后完工)尺寸,否则应(另加说明)。7、标注线性尺寸时,尺寸线必须与所标注的线段(平行)。8、正投影法是投射线与投影面垂直的平行投影法,其基本特性(),( )和( )。9、剖切面的种类可分为(单一)剖切面、(几个平行)的剖切面、几个相交的剖切面。

10、局部放大图上标注的比例是指(放大图形)的线性尺寸与(实际机件)相应要素的线性尺寸之比。

二、判断题(每题1分,共10分)1、视图包括基本视图,局部视图、斜视图和向视图共四种。

(①)2、视图上标有“A”字样的是向视图。

(②)3、视图上标有“A向旋转”字样的是斜视图。

(③)4、局部视图的断裂边界一般以波浪线表示。

(④)5、机件向基本投影面投影所得的图形称为基本视图,共有六个基本视图。

(⑤)6、判断下面斜视图是否正确。

(⑥)7、判断下图是否正确。

(⑦)8、判断下图是否正确。

(⑧)9、判断下图采用的局部剖视是否正确。

(⑨)10、判断下图采用的重合剖面是否正确。

(⑩)11、视图包括基本视图,局部视图、斜视图和向视图共四种。

(①①)12、视图上标有“A”字样的是向视图。

(①②)13、视图上标有“A向旋转”字样的是斜视图。

(①③)14、局部视图的断裂边界一般以波浪线表示。

(①④)15、机件向基本投影面投影所得的图形称为基本视图,共有六个基本视图。

(①⑤)16、六个基本视图中,最常应用的是右视图,仰视图和后视图。

(①⑥)17、半剖视图常用于表达内外结构均较复杂的对称机件。

重修班复习资料_阅读1

重修班复习资料_阅读1

Part II Reading Comprehension (40%) Directions: There are 4 passages in this part. Each passage is followed by some questions or unfinished statements. For each of them there are four choices marked A), B), C) and D). You should decide on the best choice and mark the corresponding letter on the Answer Sheet with a single line through the centre. Passage One Questions 26 to 30 are based on the following passage. The United States court system, as part of the federal system of government, is characterized by dual hierarchies(双重等级): there are both state and federal courts. Each state has its own system of courts, composed of civil and criminal trial courts, sometimes intermediate courts of appeal(上诉), and a state supreme court. The federal court system consists of a series of trial courts (called district courts) serving relatively small geographic regions (there is at least one for every state), a tier of circuit courts of appeal that hear appeals from many district courts in a particular geographic region, and the Supreme Court of the United States. The two court systems are to some extent overlapping(重叠), in that certain kinds of disputes (such as a claim that a state law is in violation of the constitution) may be initiated in either system. They are also to some extent hierarchical, for the federal system stands above the state system in that litigants (persons engaged in lawsuits) who lose their cases in the state supreme court may appeal their cases to the Supreme Court of the United States. Thus, the typical court case begins in a trial court--a court of general jurisdiction(审判权)-- in the state or federal system. Most cases go no further than the trial court: for example, the criminal defendant is convicted (by a trial or a guilty plea) and sentenced by the court and the case ends; the personal injury suit results in a judgment by a trial court (or an out-of-court settlement by the parties which the courts suit is pending) and the parties leave the court system. But sometimes the losing party at the trial court cares enough about the cause may appeal to the next higher court 26. What does the passage mainly discuss? A) Civil and criminal trial courts. B) Trial court cases. C) The court system in the United States. D) The appeal court process. 27. According to the passage district courts are known as ________. A) circuit courts B) supreme courts C) intermediate courts D) trial courts 28. In the last sentence of the first paragraph, the phrase "engaged in" could best be replaced ________. A) committed to B) involved in C) attentive to D) engrossed in 29. The passage indicates that litigants who lost their cases in the state trial court may take them to a ________. A) different trial court in the same state B) court in a different geographic region C) federal trial court D) state supreme court 30. It can be inferred from the passage that typical court cases are ________.学院: ________________ 姓名: ________________ 学号: ________________ 任课教师: ______________ 考试科目: ________________- ------------------- ------------ ----------------------密封线-------------------------------------------------------- - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -A) always appealedB) usually resolved in the district courtsC) always overlappingD) usually settled by the supreme courtPassage TwoQuestions 31 to 35 are based on the following passage.Learning how to write is like taking a course in public speaking. I'd ask whether anyone in class had ever taken such a course. Invariably a few hands would go up."What did you learn in that course?" I'd ask."Well, the main thing was learning how to face an audience ... not to be inhibited(拘谨) ... not to be nervous ..."Exactly, when you take a course in public speaking nowadays, you don't hear much about grammar and vocabulary. Instead, you’re taught how not to be afraid or embarrassed, how to speak without a prepared script, how to read out to the live audience before you. Public speaking is a matter of overcoming your long-standing nervous inhibitions.The same is true of writing. The point of the whole thing is to overcome your nervous inhibitions, to break through the invisible barrier t hat separates you from the person who’ll read what you wrote. You must learn to sit in front of your typewriter or dictating machine and read out to the person at the other end of the line.Of course, in public speaking, with the audience right in front of you, the problem is easier. You can look at them and talk to them directly. In writing, you’re alone. It needs an effort of your experience or imagination to take hold of that other person and talk to him or her. But that effort is necessary--or at least it's necessary until you've reached the point when you quite naturally and unconsciously "talk on paper".31. The topic of the passage is ________.A) how to be a good writerB) how to be a good speakerC) how to express yourself with your wordsD) how to get rid of nervousness in public speaking32. The public speech course mainly teaches students ________.A) how to make an attractive speech using perfect grammar and vocabularyB) how to express themselves exactly and vividlyC) how to collect data needed and organize itD) how to get over their nervousness when making a speech.33. The similarity between making a public speech and writing is that ________.A) you have to do a lot of preparation work beforehandB) you should get over your nervous inhibitionsC) you should know grammar and vocabulary well to accomplish themD) both of them have audience34. In the opinion of the author, public speaking is much easier than writing because ________.A) public speaking requires less effort than writingB) it's unnecessary for you to write a lot for speech and you can say anything as you likeC) you face the audience directly in public speaking; while writing is otherwiseD) in public speaking, the audience has to listen to you whether they like it or not35. The author of this passage probably is a ________.A) boss B) politician C) writer D) professorPassage ThreeQuestions 36 to 40 are based on the following passage.Do you find getting up in the morning so difficult that it's painful? This might be called laziness, but Dr. Kleitman has a new explanation. He has proved that everyone has a daily energy cycle.During the hours when you labor through your work you may say that you're "hot". That's true. The time of day when you feel most energetic is when your cycle of body temperature is at its peak. For some people the peak comes during the forenoon. For others it comes in the afternoon or evening. No one has discovered why it is so, but it leads to such familiar monologues(自言自语) as: "Get up, John! You’ll be late for work again!" The possible explanation to the trouble is that John is at his temperature - and - energy peak in the evening. Much family quarrelling ends when husbands and wives realize what these energy cycles mean, and which cycle each member of the family has.You can't change your energy cycle, but you can learn to make your life fit it better. Habit can help, Dr. Kleitman believes. Maybe you’re sleepy in the evening but feel you must stay up late anyway. Counteract(对抗) your cycle to some extent by habitually staying up later than you want to. If your energy is low in the morning but you have an important job to do early in the day, rise before your usual hour. This won't change your cycle, but you'll get up steam and work better at your low point.Get off to a slow start which saves your energy. Get up with a leisurely yawn and stretch. Sit on the edge of the bed a minute before putting your feet on the floor. Avoid the troublesome search for clean clothes by laying them out the night before. Whenever possible, do routine work in the afternoon and save tasks requiring more energy or concentration for your sharper hours.36. If a person finds getting up early a problem, most probably ________.A) he is a lazy personB) he refuses to follow his own energy cycleC) he is not sure when his energy is lowD) he is at his peak in the afternoon or evening37. Which of the following may lead to family quarrels according to the passage?A) Unawareness of the energy cycles.B) Familiar monologues.C) A change in a family member's energy cycle.D) Attempts to control the energy cycle of other family members.38. If one wants to work more efficiently at his low point in the morning, he should ________.A) change his energy cycleB) overcome his lazinessC) get up earlier than usualD) go to bed earlier39. You are advised to rise with a yawn and stretch because it will ________.A) help to keep your energy for the day's workB) help you to control your temper early in the dayC) enable you to concentrate on your routine workD) keep your energy cycle under control all day.40. Which of the following statements is NOT TRUE?A) Getting off to work with a minimum effort helps save one's energy.B) Dr. Kleitman explains why people reach their peaks at different hour of day.C) Habit helps one adapt to his own energy cycle.D) Children have energy cycles, too.Passage FourQuestions 41 to 45 are based on the following passage.Today, more and more people are using credit cards instead of money to buy the things they need. Almost anyone who has a steady income and a continuous work record can apply for a credit card.If you have a credit card, you can buy a car, eat a dinner, take a trip, and even get a haircut by charging the cost to your account. In this way you can pay for purchases a month or two later, without any extra charge. Or you may choose to spread out your payments over several months and pay only part of the total amount each month. If you do this, the credit card company or the bank that sponsors(经办) the credit card will add a small service charge to your total bill. This is very convenient for the customer. With the credit card in your wallet or purse, you don't have to carry much cash. This saves you trips to the bank to cash checks or withdraw cash. Also if you carry credit cards instead of a lot of cash, you don't have to be concerned about losing your money through carelessness or theft. The card user only has to worry about paying the final bill. This of course can be a problem if you charge more than you can pay for.Credit cards are big business. Americans spend $ 16 billion a year on cards and there are already 590 million of them in circulation. Many banks sponsor their own credit card companies and issue cards free to their customers. Other credit card companies charge their member annual dues(费用). The stores that accept credit cards must pay a small fee to the credit card company--a percentage of the purchase price of the merchandise or service. In turn, the credit card company promptly pays the store for the merchandise or service. Credit card companies make a profit from the fees they charge the store and also from the fees collected from customers who pay for their charges in monthly installments. However, credit card companies sometimes have problems collecting undue payments from unreliable customers. Also the use of stolen, lost, or counterfeit(伪造的) credit cards by criminals has become a big headache for the credit card company that is responsible for the goods and services illegally charged to its customers' account.41. The main purpose of this passage is ________.A) to promote the sale of credit cardsB) to persuade you not to buy credit cardsC) to explain credit card economyD) to give you some instructions on how to use the credit card42. Why are more and more people using credit cards?A) Because they are becoming richer and richer.B) Because everyone can apply for the credit card.C) Because it is cheap to buy goods by using a credit card.D) Because it is convenient for them to buy goods.43. According to the author, which of the following statements is NOT TRUE?A) With a credit card you can pay for purchases two months later.B) With a credit card you can charge the cost to your account.C) With a credit card you don't have to be worried about a thief.D) With the credit card you don’t have to worry about your final bill.44. In the passage, "Credit cards are big business" means thatA) credit card banks earn a lot of moneyB) credit cards are sold at a high priceC) every customer has bought a credit cardD) customers must pay a lot of money to the credit card companies45. The credit card companies have difficulties in ________.A) charging goods and services to their customers' accountB) gathering overdue paymentsC) finding the owners of lost credit cardsD) selling their cards。

2013 C重修复习资料 (1)

2013 C重修复习资料 (1)

//切记使用 fabs(x)否则有误
#include <math.h> #include <stdio.h> double fun1(double x) { /**/
double f; f=(1+sin(x)+exp(x))/(1+x);
return f;
/**/ } void main() {
clrscr(); printf("fun1(0.76) = %8.3lf\n", fun1(0.76)); printf("fun1(3.00) = %8.3lf\n", fun1(3.00)); printf("fun1(3.76) = %8.3lf\n", fun1(3.76)); }
C 语言重修复习资料
1. 数据类型、运算符与表达式
1.编写程序,
#include <stdio.h>
#include <math.h>
void main()
{
int x;
/**/ float f;
printf("Input an integer: "); scanf("%d",&x);
f = /**/ (fabs(x)-2)/(x*x+1)
3.补充程序,完成其中函数 fun1,该函数的数学表达式是:
的值。
/**/
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一、选择题:
1、空气的动力粘度随温度升高 。

A .增大;
B .降低;
C .不变;
D .不定。

2、与牛顿内摩擦定律有关的因素是 。

A .压强、速度和粘度; B .流体的粘度、切应力与速度梯度; C .切应力、温度、粘度和速度; D .压强、粘度和速度梯度。

3、流体内部某点存在真空,是指: 。

A .该点的绝对压强为正值 B .该点的相对压强为正值
C .该点的绝对压强为负值
D .该点的相对压强为负值
4、实际流体在等直径管道中流动(右图示),在过流断面1,2上有A ,B ,C 点,则下面关系式成立的是:
A .;
B .;
C .;
D .
5、总水头线与测压管水头线的基本规律之一,是: 。

A .总水头线总是沿程下降的。

B . 总水头线总是在测压管水头线的下方。

C. 测压管水头线沿程升高。

D. 测压管水头线总是沿程下降的。

6、文丘里管用于测量 。

A .流体点流速;
B .流体密度;
C .流体流量;
D .流体点压强 7、1、2两等径管并联,沿程阻力系数相同,长度122l l ,流量为 。

A .
2
1V V q q =;B .
2
1414.1V V q q =;C .
2
14V V q q =;D .
2
12V V q q =。

8、下图的两种孔口(孔径相同)出流方式,则Q 1和Q 2的关系式正确的为: 。

A .左图21Q Q >,右图 21Q Q =; B .左图21Q Q <,右图 21Q Q =;
C .左图21Q Q <,右图 21Q Q >;
D .左图21Q Q >,右图 21Q Q <;
9、水和空气两种不同流体在圆管内流动,临界雷诺数Re cr 的关系是( ) A .r c Re 水.>r c Re 空气 B .r c Re 水<r c Re 空气 C .r c Re 水=r c Re 空气 D .因温度和压力不同而不同 10、在圆管流中,层流的断面流速分布符合( )
A .均匀规律;
B .直线变化规律;
C .抛物线规律;
D .对数曲线规律 11、压力表的读值是( )
A .绝对压强;
B .绝对压强-当地大气压;
C .绝对压强 + 当地大气压;
D .当地大气压 -绝对压强。

12、毕托管用于测量( )。

A .流体点流速;
B .流体密度;
C .流体流量;
D .流体点压强
13、在封闭容器上装有U 形测压计,其中1、2、3点位于同一水平面上,其压强关系为( )。

A .3
21p p p >>; B .
3
21p p p ==;
C .
3
12p p p <<; D .
3
21p p p <<
14、用U 形水银测压计测A 点压强,m m 5001=h

题1-13图
题1-14图
m m 3002=h ,A 点的压强是( )
A .637002m N ;
B .666402m N
C .695802m N ;
D . 607602m N
15、图示为水泵管路系统,断面2-3分别为水泵进出口断面,水泵扬程的计算公式为( ): A .z H = B .4
3205--++=w w h h z H
C .g
V h h z H w w 2244
320+++=-- D .g
p g p H ρρ2
3-= 二、判断题:对的打“√”,错的打“×”
1、流体可以承受拉应力。

( )
2、当流速分布比较均匀时,则动能修正系数的值接近于1。

( )
3、流体力学的研究方法只有实验方法和数值计算方法两种。

( )
4、研究流体的运动规律是应用拉格朗日法分析流体运动的轨迹。

( )
5、应用总流的伯努利方程时,两过水断面之间不能出现急变流。

( )
6、压力表测得压强值是被测对象的绝对压强。

( )
7、壁面光滑的管道一定是水力光滑管。

( )
8、在过流断面突变处一般发生局部水头损失。

( )
9、薄壁孔的收缩系数对其出流性能没有影响。

( ) 10、在某根直径为d 的圆管流动时,流量越大,则边界层厚度越薄。

( ) 11、稳定水头情况下,孔口出流流量必定小于相同直径的管嘴出流。

( ) 12、、压力管路中的水击现象通常有害,开关阀门时速度一定要足够快速。

( ) 13、应用动量方程解题时,不用考虑沿程阻力损失和局部阻力损失 ( ) 14、发生水击现象的物理原因,是由于液体具有粘性。

( )
题1-15图
15、水力直径是过水断面的面积A 与周长S 的比值。

( ) 16、缝隙两端的压差或配合件间发生相对运动,流体在缝隙中就会产生流动。

( ) 17、粘性底层厚度δ随着湍流程度的加强而变薄。

( )
三、计算题:
1、管径d=5cm ,管长L=6m 的水平管中有相对密度为0.9油液流动,水银差压计读数为h=14.2cm ,三分钟内流出的油液重量为5000牛顿。

管中作层流流动,求油液的运动粘度ν。

(水银相对密度13.6)
2、已知:一个水平放置的90º弯管输送水, d1=150mm ,d2=75mm, p1=2.06×105Pa ,Q =0.02m 3/s. 求:水流对弯管的作用力大小和方向(不计水头损失)
3、供水系统如图所示。

已知水箱内压力P 4为30米水柱,
所有管道的直径100mm 。

泵前真空度为6米水柱,吸入管沿程损失不计,排出管沿程损失h L3-4=16m 水柱,滤网处局部损失为4倍速度水头,每个弯头局部损失均为1倍速度水头,排出管进入上水箱的局部损失为1倍速度水头。

求:(18分) 1)泵的排量Q ; 2)泵的扬程E m ; 3)3-3截面处压力p 3;
4)若泵的效率8.0=η,求泵的轴功率轴N
1
3
2
3
1
4
4
2
d
4. 如图示,水平短管从水深H=16m 的水箱中排水至大气中,管路直径d1=50mm ,
d2=70mm ,阀门阻力系数 ,
只计局部损失,不计沿程损失,并认为水
箱容积足够大,试求通过此水平短管的流量。

5、用双U形管测压计测量两点的压强差,已知h 1=600mm ,h 2=250mm ,h 3=200 mm ,h 4=300mm ,h 5=500mm ,ρ1=1000㎏/m 3,ρ2=800㎏/m 3,ρ3=13598㎏/m 3,试确定A 和B 两点的压强差
0.4=门
ζ题4-1图
h 1
h 3
h 2
h 4
h 5。

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