2019年考研必背常考英语词组(一)

2019年考研必背常考英语词组

必背词组——短语动词短语动词是由动词加介词、副词或其他词构成的词组，其作用类似于动词。短语动词的难点在于，有些词组里的词，单个看都认识，但一旦“在一起”后就发生化学变化，其意义不等于词组里单个词意思的简单相加。

例如:look at(注意)、look back(回忆)、look for(寻找)、look into(调查)、take for(误以为)、take on(采用)、take over(接管)、take to(开始从事)等。

accuse of

指责；指控[真]指责

2004年翻译

The newly described languages were often so strikingly different from the well studied languages of Europe and Southeast Asia that some scholars even accused Boas and Sapir of fabricating their data. act on对……起作用(有功效)；奉行；按照……而行动[例]按照……而行动

But the force that was guiding her would not permit her to act on such a thought.

adapt to变得习惯于……，使适应于[真]变得习惯于……，使适应于

2002年听力

What do people nowadays desire to do concerning their marriage?[A]To embrace changes of thought.

[B]To adapt to the disintegrated family life.

[C]To return to the practice in the60s’and70s’.[D]To create stability in their lives.

add to增加，加强[真]增加，加强

2008年阅读Text1

Adding to a woman’s increased dose of stress chemicals,are her increased opportunities for stress.

adhere to遵守，遵循(规定或协议)；支持，拥护，持有(观点或信仰)；黏附；附着

[真]遵守，遵循(规定或协议)

2011年阅读Text2

For years executives and headhunters have adhered to the rule that the most attractive CEO candidates are the ones who must be poached.

aim for力求；以……为目标[真]以……为目标

2016年阅读Text4

Peretti suggests that,in face of the resent situation,The New York

Times should

[A]seek new sources of leadership

[B]end the print edition for good[C]aim for efficient management[D]make strategic adjustments apply to适用于；运用；致力于；涂抹[真]运用

2007年段落信息匹配

Discussions at home can help kids practice doing these things and help them apply these skills to everyday life situations.

approve of赞成，赞同[例]赞成，赞同

Investors and analysts appeared to approve of the move,considering the newspaper is a small piece of the company's overall business.

arise from由……产生(引起)；起立，起身[真]由……产生(引起)

2000年翻译

Additional social stresses may also occur because of the population explosion or problems arising from mass migration movements--themselves made relatively easy

nowadays by modern means of transport.

必背词组——其他词组这类词组中的大部分拥有一个共同点，其意思或者由其中的一个

词的意思决定、或者等于几个词意思的相加，较为“表里如一”，因此其识记难度相对低一些。例如:a bit of(有点儿)、as regards(至于)、at risk(处于危险中)、

on the contrary(正相关)、out of date(过时)等词组。

a bit of有点儿，有几分；稍微[真]稍微

2001年阅读Text5

I have been transformed from a passionate advocate of the philosophy of“having it all,”preached by Linda Kelsey for the past seven years in the page of She magazine,into a woman who

is happy to settle for a bit of everything.

above all首先；尤其是；最重要的是[真]最重要的是

2009年完型

They would try to decide what intelligence in humans is really for,

not merely how much of it there is.Above all,they would hope to study a fundamental question:Are humans actually aware of the world they live in?

access to进入(权)；查阅(或使用)的机会(或权利)；接近(或面见)的机会(或权利)[真]查阅(或使用)的机会(或权利)

2008年阅读Text2

There is the so-called big deal,where institutional subscribers pay for access to a collection of online journal titles through site-licensing agreements.

accessible to易接近的；能进去的；易使用的；易得到的[真]易得到的

2011年阅读Text1

According to the text,which of the following is true of recordings?[A]They are often inferior to live concerts in quality.

[B]They are easily accessible to the general public.[C]They help improve the quality of music. [D]They have only covered masterpieces.

according to根据；据……所说；依据（原则等）；取决于；按照计划[真]根据

2014年阅读Text3

According to the Paragraph4,which of the following is true of

Nobels?

[A]Their endurance has done justice to them.[B]Their legitimacy has long been in dispute.[C]They are the most representative honor.[D]History has never cast doubt on them.

accountable to对……负责；应作解释[真]对……负责

2012年完型

The justices must address doubts about the court’s legitimacy by making themselves accountable to the code of conduct.

agreeable to欣然同意的；令人赞同的[例]欣然同意的

It is agreeable to all of us that the distinction between essay and

poetry is obvious.

along with和……一起；除……以外(还)[真]除……以外(还)

2006年阅读Text2

However,the playgoers do manage a little sight-seeing along with their playgoing.

anything but单单不；根本不；一点也不[真]根本不

2004年阅读Text4

Ravitch’s latest book,Left Back:A Century of Failed School

Reforms,traces the roots of anti-intellectualism in our schools,concluding they are anything but a counterbalance to the American distaste for intellectual pursuits.

apart from除了……外(别无)；除……外(尚有)；此外[真]除……外(尚有)

2009年翻译

Even today,in our industrial life,apart from certain values of industriousness and thrift,the intellectual and emotional reaction of

the forms of human association under which the world’s work is

carried on receives little attention as compared with physical output.

as a means of作为……的方式[例]作为……的方式

Young people are the most inclined to turn to marriage as a means of escaping from an unhappy home environment.

as a result结果；从而[真]从而

2009年阅读Text3

The findings of a research institution have consistently shown that workers in all countries can be trained on the job to achieve radically higher productivity and,as a result,radically higher standards of living.

as a result of由于……[真]由于……

2001年阅读Text5

According to the passage,downshifting emerged in the U.S.as a result of

[A]the quick pace of modern life

[B]man’s adventurous spirit

[C]man’s search for mythical experiences

[D]the economic situation

as far as只要；远到……；直到……为止[真]远到……

2008年阅读Text3

And they aren’t likely to get any taller.“In the general population today,at this genetic,environmental level,we’ve pretty much gone as far as we can go.”says anthropologist William Cameron Chumlea of Wright State University.

as for/to至于；关于[例]至于

As for/to me,I don’t want to say anything.

as if好像，似乎，仿佛[真]好像，似乎，仿佛

2013年翻译

When we are deprived of green,of plants,of trees,most of us give into a demoralization of spirit which we usually blame on some psychological conditions,until one day we find ourselves in garden and feel the expression vanish as if by magic.

as usual像平常一样，通常；（尤指其他事情有变化时）照常[真]像平常一样，通常

2000年阅读Text5

Such，then，is the way things stand:on the left angry critics,on the right stupid supporters,and in the middle,as usual,the majority of

earnest people trying to get on in life.

as well as除……之外；也；和[真]和

2012年阅读Text1

An emerging body of research shows that positive health habits--as well as negative ones--spread

through networks of friends via social communication.

[真]也

2012年段落信息匹配

The second half of the20th century saw a collection of geniuses,warriors,entrepreneurs and visionaries labour to create a fabulous machine that could function as a typewriter and printing press, studio and theatre,paintbrush and gallery,piano and radio,the mail as well as the mail carrier.

at all(用于否定句、条件句、疑问句等的句末)全然，一点，根本；究竟[真](用于否定句、条件句、疑问句等的句末)全然，一点，根本

2005年阅读Text1

And if one received a grape without having to provide her token in exchange at all,the other either tossed her own token at the researcher or out of the chamber,or refused to accept the slice of cucumber.

at all costs不惜任何代价[真]不惜任何代价

2000年阅读Text5

For such people and many more perhaps not so exceptional,the proper formulation is,“Succeed at all costs but avoid appearing ambitious.”

at large逍遥法外；自由；一般说来；总的；普遍地；详尽地，充分地[例]逍遥法外

The escaped prisoner is still at large.[例]详尽地，充分地

He talked at large about his plans.

at length终于；最终；充分地；详尽地[真]详尽地

2010年阅读Text1

In those far-off days,it was taken for granted that the critics of

major papers would write in detail and at length about the events they covered.

at odds with(与……)不和；(与……)有矛盾；(与……)意见不一致[真](与……)意见不一致2013年阅读Text1

This top-down conception of the fashion business couldn’t be more out of date or at odds with the feverish world described in Overdressed,Elizabeth Cline’s three-year indictment of“fast fashion”.

at risk处境危险；有风险的；在危险中[真]处境危险

2011年阅读Text3

If that happens,passionate consumers would try to persuade others to boycott products, putting the reputation of the target company at risk.

at stake

处于危险境地；处于成败关头

[例]处于危险境地

The life of the sick man is at stake.

at the end of最终；到头来[真]最终

2002年阅读Text4

Improving Care at the End of Life identifies the undertreatment of pain and the aggressive use of “ineffectual and forced medical procedures that may prolong and even dishonor the period of dying”as the twin problems of end-of-life care.

at times有时；多次[例]有时

At times I feel I want to leave this city.

识记词组——短语动词出现在真题的阅读、完型和翻译的文章里的词组，你如果不认识

可能不会直接导致失分，但会直接导致文意理解不畅，归类为“识记词组”。

abide by遵守，遵照(法规、约定等)[真]遵守，遵照(法规、约定等）

2012年阅读Text2

The company,a major energy supplier in New England,provoked justified outrage in Vermont last week when it announced it was

reneging on a longstanding commitment to abide by the state’s

strict nuclear regulations.

account for解释；导致；(数量或比例上)占；为……提出理由[例]导致

Late frosts accounted for the poor fruit crop.[真](数量或比例上)占

2003年阅读Text3

As recently as1995,the top four railroads accounted for under70percent of the total ton-miles moved by rails.

[真]解释

2007年阅读Text1

What might account for this strange phenomenon?

act for代理；代表[例]代表

In my absence the assistant manager will act for me.

adjust to适应；调节[真]适应

2003年完型

Because they are adjusting to their new bodies and a whole host of new intellectual and emotional challenges,teenagers are especially self-conscious and need the confidence that comes from achieving success and knowing that their accomplishments are admired by others.

agree on商定；就……达成一致意见[真]就……达成一致意见

2011年段落信息匹配

But most find it difficult to agree on what a"general education"should look like.

[真]就……达成一致意见

2006年完型

Although the figure may vary,analysts do agree on another matter:

that the number of the homeless is increasing.

agree to同意，赞成；应允，答应[真]同意，赞成

2002年阅读Text3

Since OPEC agreed to supply-cuts in March,the price of crude oil has jumped to almost26a barrel,up from less than10last December.

agree with赞成,赞同；与……相符；与……一致[真]赞成,赞同

2001年完型

In a letter to Gerald Kaufman,chairman of the House of Commons media select committee,Lord Irvine said he agreed with a committee report this year which said that self regulation did not

offer sufficient control.

aim at目的在于；旨在[真]目的在于

2000年阅读Text3

When a new movement in art attains a certain fashion.it is advisable to find out what its advocates are aiming at,for,however farfetched and unreasonable their principles may seem today,it is possible that in years to come they may be regarded as normal.

appeal to向……上诉；引起兴趣；对……有吸引力[真]向……上诉

2003年阅读理解Text3

Shippers who feel they are being overcharged have the right to appeal to the federal government's Surface Transportation Board for rate relief,but the process is expensive,time-consuming,and will work only in truly extreme cases.

[真]引起兴趣

2007年翻译

If the study of law is beginning to establish itself as part and parcel

of a general education.its aims and methods should appeal directly to journalism educators.

apply for申请；请求[真]申请

2012年阅读Text2

Pledging to run Pilgrim safely,the company has applied for federal permission to keep it open for another20years.

argue for为赞成……而辩[例]为赞成……而辩

Meanwhile,in private conversation,most German businessmen argue for a pragmatic emphasis on safeguarding the euro.

arm with用……武装；拥有[真]用……武装

2010年阅读Text2

Some Wall Street investment firms armed themselves with patents for financial products,even as they took positions in court cases

opposing the practice.

arrive in到达[真]到达

2006年阅读Text2

When prehistoric man arrived in new parts of the world,something strange happened to the large animals:they suddenly became extinct.

associate with联合；与……交往；同……联系在一起[真]同……联系在一起

2012年阅读Text4

Britain's Labor Party,as its name implies,has long been associated with trade unionism.

attach importance to

重视

[真]重视

2009年阅读Text4

According to the standard history of American philosophy,nowhere

else in colonial America was"so much importance attached to intellectual pursuits."

attach to缚上，系上，贴上；附属于[例]缚上，系上，贴上

A tag was attached to each article.

attempt to尝试；试图[真]试图

2002年段落信息匹配

In his work,he attempted to show how all aspects of culture changed together in the evolution of societies.

[真]试图

2002年阅读Text2

What they found,in attempting to model thought,is that the human brain's roughly one hundred billion nerve cells are much more talented-and human perception far more complicated-than previously imagined.

attribute to

把……归因于

[真]把……归因于

2009年段信息匹配

Some attributed virtually every important cultural achievement to the inventions of a few,especially gifted peoples that,according to diffusionists,then spread to other cultures.

[真]把……归因于

2000年翻译

Few Americans attribute this solely to such obvious causes as a devalued dollar or the turning of the business cycle.

avail oneself of

利用

[例]利用

I failed to avail myself of the opportunity.

识记词组——其他词组出现在真题的阅读、完型和翻译的文章里的词组，你如果不认识

可能不会直接导致失分，但会直接导致文意理解不畅，归类为“识记词组”。

agreement on就……达成的协议[例]就……达成的协议

After along discussion we’ve come to an agreement on barter trade.

alien to/from相异的[真]相异的

2001年阅读Text3

There exists a social and cultural disconnect between journalists and their readers,which helps explain why the"standard templates"of the newsroom seem alien to many readers.

all in all总的说来[真]总的说来

2010年段落信息匹配

All in all,this clearly seems to be a market in which big retailers could profitably apply their gigantic scale,existing infrastructure,and proven skills in the management of product ranges,logistics,and marketing intelligence.

all the same依然；仍然；无所谓；都一样[例]无所谓

You can leave or stay;it is all the same to me.

a majority of大部分[真]大部分

2006年阅读Text1

The1990Census revealed that"a majority of immigrants from each

of the fifteen most common countries of origin spoke English‘well’

or‘very well’after ten years of residence."

a matter of(关于……的)问题；大约[真](关于……的)问题

2003年阅读Text1

The latest revolution isn't simply a matter of gentlemen reading other gentlemen's E-mail.That Kind of electronic spying has been going on for decades.

analogous to与……类似[真](关于……的)问题

2006年翻译

His function is analogous to that of a judge,who must accept the obligation of revealing in as obvious a manner as possible the course of reasoning which led him to his decision.

and so forth/on

等等

[真]等等

2006年阅读Text2

Hilton is building its own hotel there,which you may be sure will be decorated with Hamlet Hamburger Bars,the Lear Lounge,the Banquo Banqueting Room,and so forth,and will be very expensive.

and yet

可是；然而

[例]然而

And yet they did not understand how they had to act to prevent a replay of the past.

a part of一部分[真]一部分

2007年翻译

Traditionally,legal learning has been viewed in such institutions as the special preserve of lawyers, rather than a necessary part of the intellectual equipment of an educated person.

a period of一段时期[例]一段时期

“We need to be prepared to absorb unprecedented endowment losses and plan for a period of greater financial constraint."she

wrote.

a piece of cake

极其简单的事

[真]极其简单的事

2011年阅读Text4

No shock there,considering how much work it is to raise a kid without a partner too lean on;yet to hear

Sandra and Britney tell it,raising a kid on their"own"(read:with round-the-clock help)is a piece of cake.

as a whole总体上；整个看来[真]整个看来

2010年段落信息匹配

At least,that is how it looks as a whole.

as often as每次；每当[例]每次

As often as I visit her,she is always busy with work.

as often as not往往，多半[例]往往，多半

As often as not the buses are late on foggy days.

as opposed to与……相对[真]与……相对

2013年翻译

A sacred place of peace,however crude it may be,is a distinctly human need,as opposed to shelter, which is a distinctly animal need.

a sort of某种[真]某种

2004年翻译

Whorf came to believe in a sort of linguistic determinism which,in its strongest form,states that language imprisons the mind,and that the grammatical patterns in a language can produce far-reaching consequences for the culture of a society.

a spell of一段时间[真]一段时间

2001年阅读Text2

Despite a spell of initial optimism in the1960s and1970s when it

appeared that transistor circuits and microprocessors might be able to copy the action of the

human brain by the year2010,researchers lately have begun to extend that forecast by decades if not centuries.

as regards关于；至于；就……而言[例]至于

As regards this book,we will discuss it next time.

as/so far as...be concerned

就……来说

[例]就……来说

As far as money is concerned,I’m in the hands of my father.

as/so long as只要；既然[真]只要

2013年段落信息匹配

This is an adequate amount so long as it is aimed in the right direction.

as yet迄今；到现在为止[真]迄今

2005年阅读Text1

However,whether such a sense of fairness evolved independently in capuchins and humans,or whether it stems from the common ancestor that the species had35million years ago,is,as yet,an unanswered question.

at a glance看一眼就……[例]看一眼就……

I could tell at a glance that they had been arguing again.

at all events不管怎样；无论如何[例]不管怎样

She had a terrible accident,but at all events she wasn't killed.

at all times随时；总是[例]随时

We must be ready at all times to stand up for the truth.

at a loss不知所措；困惑[例]困惑

I am at a complete loss to understand what she is saying.

at an end结束；终止[真]终止

2000年阅读Text5

This does not mean that ambition is at an end,that people no longer feel its stirrings and promptings, but only that,no longer openly honored,it is less openly professed.

at any price不惜任何代价；无论如何[例]不惜任何代价

We wanted to win at any price.

at any rate

无论如何

[真]无论如何

2000年阅读Text5

At any rate,this change will ultimately be acclaimed by an ever-growing number of both domestic and international consumers,regardless of how long the current consumer pattern will take hold.

at a profit盈利[例]盈利

Here is another of his less reported quotes:"The worst crime against working people is a company which fails to operate at a profit."

at a stretch不休息地；一□气地；连续不断地[例]连续不断地

He always sits by the bank of the river for three hours at a stretch.

at a time每次；一次；同时[真]同时

2006年段落信息匹配

He sometimes played two slot machines at a time.

at fault有责任；有过错[例]有责任

The police said that the other driver was at fault--he should have slowed down.

at first glance乍一看；一看就……[真]乍一看

2013年完型

At first glance this might seem like a strength that grants the ability to make judgments which are unbiased by external factors.

at its best处在最好的状态[例]处在最好的状态

America,at its best,is a place where personal responsibility is valued and expected.

at least至少；不管怎样；反正[真]至少

2008年阅读Text2

All this could change the traditional form of the peer-review process,at least for the publication of papers.

at leisure从容地；有空；闲暇时[例]从容地

You can take this book home and read it at leisure.[例]闲暇时

She does shopping at leisure.

a train of一系列相关的事[真]一系列相关的事

2008年翻译

He asserted,also,that his power to follow a long purely abstract train of thought was very limited,for which reason he felt certain that he never could have succeeded with mathematics.

at random任意地；随机地[例]随机地

He chose a number at random.

at sb.’s disposal任某人处理；供某人使用；由某人支配[例]供某人使用

During your visit,I will put my room at your disposal.

at sea在海上；茫然；不知所措[例]在海上

His father was at sea.[例]茫然

What he said made me at sea.

at short notice立即；仓促[例]立即

They stood ready to move at short notice.

at(the)best充其量；至多[真]至多

2003年阅读Text2

To those who are unaware that animal research was needed to produce these treatments,as well as new treatments and vaccines,animal research seems wasteful at best and cruel at worst.

at the bottom在底层[真]在底层

2011年翻译

This seems a justification for neglect of those in need,and a rationalization of exploitation,of the superiority of those at the top and the inferiority of those at the bottom.

at the cost of以……为代价[例]以……为代价

He got the wealth at the cost of his health.

at the end of the day

在一天的未了；最终,到头来；不管怎么说

[真]不管怎么说

2005年阅读Text3

At the end of the day,there's probably little reason to pay attention to our dreams at all unless they keep