高中英语——句子结构

她给我们唱了一首英文歌曲。
练习
She sang us an English song.
我去给你沏点新鲜茶。
I’ll make you some fresh tea.
这会省去你很多麻烦。
That will save you a lot of trouble.
请帮我把今天的报纸拿来。
Please fetch me today’s paper.
flies. rose. cooked. eat, and drink. laughed? woke. talked for half an hour. walked yesterday is playing have gone
Your father is standing there. His teacher came in with a book in his hand. The bus started and arrived there at eight o’clock.
calls him Jack. （宾补）
is called Jack.（主补）
主语
及物动词
hey 3. They 4. They 5. What 6. We 7. He 8. I
keep painted call found makes saw asked saw
the table the door supper the house him him me them
Mr. Brown ︳ 主语
1). be 动词
is ︳ 系动词
an English teacher. ︳ 表语 ︳ 解释说明主语的性质或特征等
2). 感官动词： look, sound,feel, taste, smell等
3).表”变化”的词：become, get, turn等； 还有seem, keep, stay等。
A：动词后加to give , show , send, bring, read, pass, lend, leave, hand, tell, return, write, throw, promise… B： 动词后加for
make, buy, do, get, play, order, sing, pay…
主＋谓 基本句型二： 主＋系＋表 基本句型三： 主＋谓＋宾 基本句型四： 主＋谓＋间宾＋直宾 基本句型五： 主＋谓＋宾＋宾补
基本句型一： ■
定语和状语是句子中的修饰成份，不列 入基本句型中
主语：动作发出者
谓语：主语发出的动作 宾语：动作的承受者 补语：补充说明主语或宾语 状语：表示时间、地点、方式、原因、目 的、程度、比较和伴随成分
你唱得很美。 练习 You sing beautifully. 我咳了一夜。 I coughed all night. 我们很少在外边吃饭。 We seldom dine out.
昨天发生了事故。
The accident occurred yesterday.
练习
一个来自美国的老人午夜时分在他宽大的 卧室里快乐地跳着舞。 At midnight, an old man who comes from America was dancing happily in his own big bedroom.
⑤ She was the first to learn about it. A B C D
今天我感觉不太舒服。
练习
I don’t feel very well today.
他看上去很累。
He looks very tired. 你的汤味道很好。 Your soup tastes very good.
这会造成错误的印象。
That will create a wrong impression.
我们总是交换圣诞节礼物的。
We always exchange Christmas gifts.
基本句型 四 主＋谓＋间宾＋直宾
此句型的句子有一个共同特点：谓语动词必须 跟有两个宾语才能表达完整的意思。
这两个宾语一个是动作的直接承受者，另一个 是动作的间接承受者。 通常这一间接承受者用一个介词来连接，当动 作的间接承受者在动作的直接承受者之前时， 这一介词往往被省略。
She gave
主语 谓语
me
间接宾语
her telephone number.
直接宾语
或：
She
主语

gave
谓语
her telephone number to me.
will find it when you get home.
⑤
⑥
⑦ You
练习 过去二十年我们取得了很大的成就。
We’ve achieved a lot in the past twenty years.
他们很快控制了病情。
They soon controlled the disease.
把车钥匙递给我。
练习
Hand me the car key.
把你们的计划用传真发给我们。
Please fax us your plans.
你可否把书单用电子邮件发给我？
Can you e-mail me the book list?
把那本书扔给我。
Throw me that book.
to us.
1) My parents bought
me
a new bag.
= My parents bought a new bag for me.
2）She
=
cooked
us
a big meal.
She cooked a big meal for us.
常带双宾语（直接宾语和间接宾语）的动词（分为 A、B两类）
直接宾语 间接宾语
◆间接宾语放后面时要在其前加”to” 或 “for”
1） I
showed him the photo yesterday. I showed the photo to him yesterday.
2 ） He passed =
us
the papers.
He passed
the papers
knows laughed at understands made ate likes want said
the answer? her. English. cakes. some apples. donuts. to have a cup of tea. "Good morning."
①
② ③
基本句型 五 主＋谓＋宾＋宾补

此句型的句子的共同特点是：动词虽然是及 物动词，但是只跟一个宾语还不能表达完整 的意思，必须加上一个补充成分来补足宾语， 才能使意思完整。
补语
补语是用于补充说明主语或宾语的身份或特
征。 可以用做补语的有名词、形容词、不定式、 分词、介词短语等.
Everyone He
他们只是在建空中楼阁。
They are just building castles in the air.

我十分欣赏你们的表演。
I enjoyed every minute of your performance.
练习

顾客要求退款。
The customer demanded a refund.
为什么要学习英语的句子结构？ —学好句子结构是学好英语的前提
1.
2. 3. 4.
帮助我们学好其他英语语法知识。 帮助我们写出正确的英语句子，形成并提高英 语书面表达的能力。 帮助我们正确使用英语单词，提高单词拼写及选 词填空等用词能力。 有助于我们提高阅读能力和其他英语应用能力。
英语句子有长在短，有简有繁，从现象看，似乎千变 万化，难以捉摸，但从实质看，可以发现其内在联系， 找出其共同规律。英语句子的基本结构可以归纳成五 种基本句型及其扩大、组合、省略或倒装。掌握这五 种基本句型，是掌握各种英语句子结构的基础。
1). His parents are in the kitchen now.
2). You looked
happy yesterday.
3). This song doesn’t sound beautiful. 4). Did your father get angry?
找出下列句子中的表语： ① The old man was feeling very tired. A B C D ② Why is he worried? A B ③ The leaves have turned yellow. A B C D ④ They all became interested in the subject. A B C D
Ｖ （是系动 词） 1. This is 2. The dinner smells(闻) 3. He fell 4. Everything looks 5. He is 6. The book is 7. The weather became 8. His face turned
Ｓ
Ｐ(表语)
an English dictionary. good. happy. different. tall and strong. interesting. warmer. red.
基本句型 二 主＋系＋表 基本句型 二
此句型的句子有一个共同的特点：句子谓语动词都
不能表达一个完整的意思，必须加上一个表明主语 身份或状态的表语构成复合谓语，才能表达完整的 意思。 这类动词叫做连系动词。 系动词分两类：be, look, feel, smell, taste, sound等属 一类，表示情况；get, grow, become, turn, go等属另 一类，表示变化。be 本身没有什么意义,只起连系 主语和表语的作用。 其它系动词仍保持其部分词义，如：stay, prove, remain, stand