summary格式及模板
summary用法
summary用法Summary是一个常用的英语单词，它的主要用途是总结或概括一段较长的文本内容。
在本文中，我们将探讨Summary的不同用法，以及如何正确使用它来提炼文章的核心思想。
一、Summary的定义和用法在字典中，Summary被定义为对文本或事件进行简洁、准确的总结或概述。
在各种写作场景中，我们常常需要用Summary来对长篇文章、新闻报道、研究论文等进行概括，以便更好地传达主要信息。
二、Summary的重要性通过撰写一个精确的Summary，读者可以更快地获取到文章的核心内容，同时节省时间和精力。
一个好的Summary应当包含文章的主旨、重要论点和关键细节，帮助读者快速了解作者的观点和意图。
三、Summary的书写格式在书写Summary时，可以采用以下格式：1. 第一句话概括文章主题和目的。
- （例如）本文旨在探讨Summary的用法和重要性。
2. 紧接着，提供文章的背景或重要背景信息。
- （例如）在写作中，Summary常常用于概括长篇文章或学术论文的主要内容，使读者更容易理解和掌握文章的要点。
3. 接下来，列举出主要观点或论据，并给出支持这些观点或论据的关键细节。
- （例如）一个好的Summary应当包含文章的主旨、重要论点和关键细节，帮助读者快速了解作者的观点和意图。
4. 最后，用简洁明了的语言总结全文，并以提供进一步了解的方式作为结尾。
- （例如）通过撰写一个精确的Summary，读者可以更快地获取到文章的核心内容，同时节省时间和精力。
四、Summary的注意事项在撰写Summary时，需要注意以下几点：1. 准确性：Summary应当准确地反映原文中的观点和主要内容，避免偏颇或误导。
2. 精炼性：Summary的长度通常应当简洁明了，避免冗长或啰嗦的语言。
3. 客观性：Summary应当保持客观中立的立场，避免引入个人主观评价或情感色彩。
4. 语言简明：使用简单、易懂的词汇和语句结构，使Summary更易于阅读和理解。
Summary模板
Summary模板，以议论文题材为例As is dedicatedly stated in the essay above, the author of this article tries to review（or：discusses，describes，summarizes，examines）something as regard to the phenomena that we human being can not keep blind eyes to it. In general, 作者名字____points out fervently that the (主题)____, which（非限定定语从句说明主题的特点）, has prevented people from behaving and thinking in accordance with the traditional moral\cultural\lingual等（所谈领域）principles that are fundamental to the understanding ,recognition as well as the explication of the(文中所谈主题词)According to 作者名字, （相对主题词）instill in people a wrong belief that all norms of (主题词所属范围，如morality, culture, society )are subjective constructs with only relative truth in them and therefore can be interpreted flexibly and even questioned. This belief deprives them of the chance to secure solid moral \cultural\social\lingual 等standards and induces misconceptions about what should be clearly right or wrong.In parallel with this inadequacy of the 主题词，some other arguments ,as showed in the context, are inevitably involved . firstly, the unexpected outcomes of ___做法_focusing on people’ 品质特点或目的will give rise to,_____due to ____. In the second place, the author maintain that —________, so that people could___________. In consequence, It is ______that warrants people’s good morality\culture\linguistics等from criticizing and disciplining their own behaviors.Basing the conclusion on his analysis of the fundamental flaws of the decision-making approach, 作者proposes a（n）which he believes 动词+ 主题词more effectively by emphasizing practice instead of discussion.。
英语作文summary模板及句型
英语作文summary模板及句型英文回答：Summary Writing Template:Introduction:Begin with a hook sentence that captures the reader's attention.State the main argument or purpose of the original text.Provide a brief overview of the text's structure and organization.Body Paragraphs:For each main point in the original text, create a separate body paragraph.Start with a topic sentence that clearly states the main point.Support the topic sentence with evidence and analysis from the original text.Use specific examples, quotations, or paraphrases to demonstrate the author's arguments.Provide transitions between paragraphs to maintain coherence.Conclusion:Summarize the main points of the original text.Restate the main argument or purpose of the text.Conclude with a final thought or reflection on the significance of the original text.Phrases for Summarizing:To introduce the original text:The author argues that...The text examines...The central idea of the text is...To state main points:The first main point is...Another important point made by the author is...A key argument presented in the text is...To provide evidence:For instance, the author writes...As evidence, the text provides...The author illustrates this point with the example of...To conclude:In conclusion, the text argues that...The author's main point is...The text effectively demonstrates...中文回答：摘要写作模板：引言：以吸引读者注意力的主题句开头。
10篇英语summary范文
10篇英语summary范文1. A Summary of "The Great Gatsby""The Great Gatsby" is a classic novel written by F. Scott Fitzgerald, set in the 1920s during the Roaring Twenties. The story is narrated by Nick Carraway, a young man from a wealthy family who moves to West Egg, a wealthy suburb of New York City. He becomes neighbors with the enigmatic Jay Gatsby, a mysterious millionaire known for his lavish parties. As Nick becomes more involved in Gatsby's life, he learns about Gatsby's obsession with his lost love, Daisy Buchanan, and his efforts to win her back.The novel explores themes of love, wealth, and the American Dream. Gatsby's relentless pursuit of Daisy and his extravagant lifestyle reflect the superficiality and materialism of the era. The characters' moral decay and disillusionment serve as a critique of the Jazz Age. The tragic ending of the novel, with Gatsby's death and the disillusionment of the characters, highlights the emptiness of the American Dream and the hollowness of the pursuit of wealth and status.2. A Summary of "To Kill a Mockingbird""To Kill a Mockingbird" is a novel written by Harper Lee, set in the 1930s in the fictional town of Maycomb, Alabama. The story is narrated by Scout Finch, a young girl who grows up with her brother Jem and their father, Atticus Finch. The novel explores themes of racism, injustice, and morality through the trial of Tom Robinson, a black man falsely accused of raping a white woman.Atticus, a lawyer, defends Tom Robinson in court, despite facing backlash and prejudice from the townspeople. Through the trial, the novel exposes the deep-seated racism and prejudice in the town, as well as the courage and integrity of Atticus in standing up for what is right. The novel also addresses the loss of innocence and the coming-of-age of Scout and Jem as they witness the harsh realities of the world around them.3. A Summary of "1984""1984" is a dystopian novel written by George Orwell, set in a totalitarian society ruled by the Party and its leader, Big Brother. The story follows the protagonist, Winston Smith, as he rebels against the oppressive regime and seeks truth and freedom. The novel exploresthemes of surveillance, propaganda, and the power of language.In the world of "1984," the Party controls every aspect of people's lives, using surveillance and propaganda to maintain its grip on power. Winston, disillusioned with the Party's lies and oppression, begins a secret love affair with Julia, a fellow rebel. As they seek to defy the Party and find a sense of individuality and truth, they are eventually captured and tortured by the Thought Police.The novel serves as a warning against the dangers of totalitarianism and the erosion of individual freedom. It also highlights the manipulation of truth and language by those in power, as well as the resilience of the human spirit in the face of oppression.4. A Summary of "Pride and Prejudice""Pride and Prejudice" is a novel written by Jane Austen, set in 19th century England. The story follows the romantic entanglements of the Bennet sisters, particularly Elizabeth Bennet and Mr. Darcy. The novel explores themes of love, marriage, and social class.The main plot revolves around the developing relationship betweenElizabeth and Mr. Darcy, which is initially hindered by their pride and prejudice towards each other. As they navigate the obstacles of misunderstandings and societal expectations, they ultimately overcome their differences and find true love. The novel also delves into the lives of the other Bennet sisters and their pursuit of marriage and happiness.Through its witty social commentary and engaging characters, "Pride and Prejudice" offers a nuanced portrayal of the societal norms and expectations of the time. It critiques the superficiality and materialism of the upper class, while also celebrating the power of love and individual agency in shaping one's destiny.5. A Summary of "The Catcher in the Rye""The Catcher in the Rye" is a novel written by J.D. Salinger, narrated by the teenage protagonist, Holden Caulfield. The story follows Holden's experiences after being expelled from his prep school and his aimless wandering around New York City. The novel explores themes of adolescence, alienation, and the search for authenticity.Holden is disillusioned with the phoniness and hypocrisy of the adultworld, and he struggles to find his place in society. As he encounters various people and situations, he grapples with his own identity and the complexities of growing up. The novel also delves into the loss of innocence and the pain of Holden's past, as he grapples with the death of his younger brother, Allie."The Catcher in the Rye" is celebrated for its authentic portrayal of teenage angst and rebellion. It captures the universal experience of coming-of-age and the challenges of navigating the transition from adolescence to adulthood. Holden's candid and introspective voice resonates with readers, making the novel a timeless classic.6. A Summary of "The Old Man and the Sea""The Old Man and the Sea" is a novella written by Ernest Hemingway, set in Cuba. The story follows an aging fisherman, Santiago, as he embarks on a challenging fishing expedition in the Gulf Stream. The novella explores themes of perseverance, resilience, and the struggle against nature.Santiago, once a great fisherman, has fallen on hard times and struggles to catch fish. Despite his recent misfortune, he sets out ona journey to catch a giant marlin. The novella depicts his arduous battle with the marlin and the physical and emotional toll it takes on him. As he fights to bring the marlin back to shore, he faces numerous obstacles, including sharks that attack his catch."The Old Man and the Sea" is a timeless tale of human endurance and the indomitable spirit of man. Santiago's unwavering determination and courage in the face of adversity serve as a powerful metaphor for the human condition. The novella's poignant portrayal of the triumph of the human spirit has made it a classic in literature.7. A Summary of "Brave New World""Brave New World" is a dystopian novel written by Aldous Huxley, set in a futuristic society where technology and conditioning are used to control and manipulate people. The story follows the protagonist, Bernard Marx, as he rebels against the conformity and artificial happiness of the World State. The novel explores themes of individuality, freedom, and the dehumanizing effects of technology.In the World State, people are genetically engineered andconditioned to fit into predetermined social roles. They are kept docile and content through the use of pleasure-inducing drugs and mind control. Bernard, an outsider in this society, becomes disillusioned with the lack of genuine human connection and seeks to find meaning and authenticity in his life."Brave New World" serves as a cautionary tale about the dangers of a society driven by technology and consumerism. It raises thought-provoking questions about the nature of happiness and the price of conformity. The novel's exploration of the tension between individuality and societal control continues to resonate with readers today.8. A Summary of "The Scarlet Letter""The Scarlet Letter" is a novel written by Nathaniel Hawthorne, set in 17th century Puritan New England. The story follows Hester Prynne, a woman who is publicly shamed and ostracized for committing adultery and bearing a child out of wedlock. The novel explores themes of sin, guilt, and redemption.Hester is forced to wear a scarlet letter "A" as a mark of her shame,and she struggles to rebuild her life in the face of judgment and condemnation. The novel also delves into the inner turmoil of the Reverend Dimmesdale, who is secretly the father of Hester's child and grapples with his guilt and hypocrisy. The character of Pearl, Hester's daughter, serves as a symbol of both sin and innocence."The Scarlet Letter" is a powerful exploration of the human condition and the complexities of morality. It delves into the consequences of societal judgment and the search for redemption and forgiveness. The novel's timeless themes and rich symbolism continue to captivate readers and provoke thought and reflection.9. A Summary of "The Outsiders""The Outsiders" is a novel written by S.E. Hinton, set in the 1960s in Tulsa, Oklahoma. The story follows the rivalry between two groups of teenagers, the Greasers and the Socs, and the struggles of the protagonist, Ponyboy Curtis, to find his place in the world. The novel explores themes of class conflict, identity, and the bonds of friendship.Ponyboy and his friends, including his brothers Sodapop and Darry,navigate the challenges of growing up in a tough neighborhood and facing prejudice and violence from the Socs. The novel delves into the dynamics of the Greaser gang and their loyalty to each other, as well as the complexities of their relationships with the Socs. Through the characters' experiences, the novel offers a poignant portrayal of the impact of social class on individual identity and relationships."The Outsiders" is celebrated for its authentic portrayal of teenage life and the universal struggles of adolescence. It addresses the themes of friendship, loyalty, and the search for belonging, resonating with readers of all ages. The novel's enduring relevance and powerful storytelling have solidified its status as a classic in young adult literature.10. A Summary of "Animal Farm""Animal Farm" is a novella written by George Orwell, serving as a satirical allegory of the Russian Revolution and the rise of totalitarianism. The story is set on a farm where the animals, led by the pigs, revolt against the oppressive human farmer and establish their own society based on the principles of equality and freedom. The novella explores themes of power, corruption, and themanipulation of language.Initially, the animals' rebellion leads to a utopian society where all animals are equal and free. However, the pigs, led by Napoleon, gradually seize power and establish a dictatorship, exploiting and oppressing the other animals. The novella depicts the pigs' manipulation of the principles of Animalism and their betrayal of the original ideals of the revolution."Animal Farm" serves as a powerful critique of the dangers of totalitarianism and the corruption of power. It also highlights the manipulation of language and propaganda to control and deceive the masses. The novella's timeless themes and allegorical storytelling continue to resonate with readers, offering a compelling commentary on the nature of political power and human nature.。
summary的写法（范本）
summary的写法summar y的写法 1.读懂文章读文章的时候，要养成良好的阅读习惯，划划写写，英文阅读的时候，用铅笔轻轻划出重点词汇。
认真阅读给定的原文材料。
如果一遍不能理解，就多读两遍。
阅读次数越多，你对原文的理解就越深刻。
拆分文章按照作者的思路，把文章分段，每个段落用几个词，几个短语概括。
尽量简短，精炼。
段落中心句，在段落的开头或末尾。
有时也会变态的在当中。
3.概括主旨写出文章的t hesis, 一句话概括文章的主旨。
（二）基本结构和技巧1.重新拟定标题给s ummar起一个标题。
用那些能概括文章主题思想的单词、短语或短句子作为标题。
也可以采用文中的主题句作为标题。
阐述观点摘要应全部用自己的话完成。
不要引用原文的句子。
写概述的时候，如果能够明确是他人写作的文章，注意要把作者的名字放在第一句（或者是t he autho r…….）。
接着写出要阐述的ma in ideas（主要观点）和s upportin g points（对主要观点的支持）。
3.词汇运用注意概述的oher ene（连贯性），运用好tran sition o rds（过渡词）,like h oever, f urthermo re, none theless,besides, theref ore et.4.删除细节只保留主要观点。
5.选择一至两个有代表性的例子原文中可能包括5个或更多的例子，你只需从中筛选一至二个例子。
把长句变成短句，把长段的描述变成短小、简单的句子。
“ H e as har d up for mone an d as bei ng press ed b his reditor.”可以概括为：“He as in f inanialdiffiult ies.”“H is ourag e in bat tle migh t ithout exagger ation bealled l ion-like.”可以概括为：”Heas ver b rave inbattle.”“He as h ard up f or moneand as b eing pre ssed b h is redit or.”可以概括为：“H e as infinanial diffiul ties.”6)你还可以使用词组代替整句或者从句。
10篇英语summary范文
10篇英语summary范文1. Summary of "Climate Change"In the article "Climate Change", the author discusses the causes and effects of global warming. He explains how human activities such as burning fossil fuels and deforestation have led to an increase in greenhouse gases in the atmosphere, trapping heat and causing the Earth's temperature to rise. The author also highlights the potential consequences of climate change, including rising sea levels, extreme weather events, and disruption to ecosystems. He emphasizes the urgent need for individuals, governments, and industries to take action to reduce greenhouse gas emissions and mitigate the impacts of climate change.2. Summary of "The Benefits of Exercise""The Benefits of Exercise" explores the numerous advantages of physical activity on both physical and mental wellbeing. The author explains how exercise can help maintain a healthy weight, improve cardiovascular health, and boost the immune system. Furthermore, exercise has been proven to reduce stress, anxiety, and depression by releasing endorphins, which are natural mood boosters. The article concludes by encouraging readers to incorporate regular exercise into their daily routines for overall health improvement.3. Summary of "Advancements in Technology"In the article "Advancements in Technology", the author discusses the rapid progress of technology in recent years. He highlights advancements in various fields, including artificial intelligence, virtual reality, and renewable energy. The author also discusses the potential benefits and concerns associated with theseadvancements. While technology has brought efficiency and convenience, it also raises ethical questions, such as privacy and job displacement. Overall, the article emphasizes the importance of embracing and adapting to technological advancements while addressing the associated challenges.4. Summary of "The Importance of Education""The Importance of Education" emphasizes the value of education in personal and societal development. The author explains how education provides individuals with knowledge, skills, and critical thinking abilities necessary for success in various aspects of life. Additionally, education plays a crucial role in promoting equality, social cohesion, and economic growth. The article emphasizes the need for accessible and quality education for all individuals, regardless of their socio-economic backgrounds.5. Summary of "The Impact of Social Media""The Impact of Social Media" discusses the influence of platforms such as Facebook, Twitter, and Instagram on society. The author explores both the positive and negative aspects of social media. On one hand, it has created new opportunities for communication, networking, and social activism. On the other hand, it has also contributed to issues such as cyberbullying, addiction, and the spread of misinformation. The article concludes by encouraging individuals to use social media responsibly and critically evaluate the information they encounter.6. Summary of "The Importance of a Balanced Diet""The Importance of a Balanced Diet" highlights the significance of consuming a variety of foods for overall health and wellbeing. Theauthor explains how a balanced diet consisting of fruits, vegetables, whole grains, lean proteins, and healthy fats provides essential nutrients that support bodily functions and prevent diseases. The article also emphasizes the need to limit the intake of processed foods, sugary drinks, and excessive amounts of salt and saturated fats. By maintaining a balanced diet, individuals can reduce the risk of chronic diseases and improve their overall quality of life.7. Summary of "The Impact of Tourism on Local Communities" "The Impact of Tourism on Local Communities" examines the positive and negative effects of tourism on the economy, environment, and culture of a destination. The author discusses how tourism can generate revenue, create job opportunities, and promote cultural exchange. However, it can also contribute to environmental degradation, exploitation of local resources, and the loss of cultural heritage. The article emphasizes the importance of sustainable tourism practices that minimize the negative impacts and benefit both tourists and local communities in the long run.8. Summary of "The Benefits of Volunteering""The Benefits of Volunteering" explores the positive effects of volunteering on both individuals and communities. The author explains how volunteering can enhance personal development, improve mental health, and promote social connections. Additionally, volunteering plays a crucial role in addressing societal issues and creating positive change. The article highlights the various ways individuals can get involved in volunteering and encourages readers to contribute their time and skills to make a difference.9. Summary of "The Dangers of Plastic Pollution""The Dangers of Plastic Pollution" sheds light on the environmental hazards posed by plastic waste. The author explains how plastic pollution affects marine life, ecosystems, and human health. He discusses the excessive consumption of single-use plastics, inadequate waste management systems, and the lack of recycling infrastructure as major contributors to the problem. The article encourages readers to reduce their plastic consumption, recycle properly, and support initiatives aimed at addressing plastic pollution.10. Summary of "The Importance of Mental Health""The Importance of Mental Health" emphasizes the significance of mental well-being in overall health and happiness. The author discusses the prevalence of mental health disorders and the stigma surrounding them. He highlights the importance of seeking help, practicing self-care, and creating a supportive environment for individuals with mental health challenges. The article encourages readers to prioritize their mental health, raise awareness, and advocate for better access to mental health services.。
研究生英语summary万能模板
研究生英语summary万能模板第一段：介绍第一句：As is symbolically depicted by the cartoon,there is sb doing sth, doing sth, with sb doing sth.斜线区域可以替换为：with sb doing sth/with sth in front of/behind sp.第二句：This picture reveals a phenomenon that people in growing numbers are paying attention to the value of sth, ignoring the necessity of sth.斜线区域可以替换为：an undeniable truth that the virture/quality of being XXX perform an indispensable role in our life.第二段：内涵+原因角度段落不能公开了，确实大多数不是我自己写的，只是我考研的时候从各个地方整理的，分享出来只是希望能够希望为大家节省一下整理的时间。
但终究会涉及与其他付费的模版相同的情况，为了别人的付费利益（人家都找到我了····），以及为了尊重版权，所以已经将相同的部分删除。
祝大家考研顺利！Part1第一句套话：It can be inferred that the author of the picture is drawing our attention to the value/necessity/harm of sth.Part2从以下角度中选择2个来谈一下，加入on the one/other hand或in the first/second place来隔开构成分层（前8个的为最通用最基础角度）：个人-->个人品质：XXX很重要：影响一生+获得竞争优势XXX很重要：保持积极向上的心态个人-->社会公德：XXX很重要：帮你成为一个真正的人例：As the world becomes materially rich, wealth accumulation and pursuit of comfort have become a fashion trend. Many young adults influenced have become spendthrift/dependent on sth, they intentionally or unintentionally deny the detrimental effect of pollution on environment.XXX很重要：随着物质丰富，人们忽视可XXX的影响第二段补充：如果发现第二段感觉字数不够，可以用以下“套话”嵌入增加字数。
英语作文summary万能模板
英语作文summary万能模板Title: A Universal Template for Writing Summaries in EnglishIntroduction:Writing a summary in English can be challenging for many students, especially when they are not sure about the structure or format to follow. In order to help students improve their summary writing skills, I have prepared a universal template that can be used for summarizing various types of texts, such as articles, essays, and speeches. By following this template, students can create well-organized and coherent summaries that effectively capture the main ideas and key points of the original text.Main Body:1. Introduction:- Start by introducing the title and author of the text you are summarizing.- Provide a brief overview of the main topic or theme of the text.2. Summary of Main Ideas:- Identify the main ideas and key points of the text.- Summarize each idea in a clear and concise manner.- Use your own words to rephrase the information from the original text.- Avoid including unnecessary details or examples.3. Analysis and Evaluation:- Evaluate the strengths and weaknesses of the text.- Comment on the author's arguments or opinions.- Discuss any biases or assumptions that may be present in the text.- Offer your own insights or opinions on the topic.4. Conclusion:- Summarize the main points of your summary.- Provide a final evaluation or analysis of the text.- Offer suggestions for further reading or research on the topic.Conclusion:By following this universal template for writing summaries in English, students can improve their summary writing skills andeffectively capture the main ideas of a text. Remember to focus on the main ideas, use your own words, and provide a clear and concise summary. With practice and guidance, students can become proficient in summarizing various types of texts and develop their analytical and critical thinking skills.。
- 1、下载文档前请自行甄别文档内容的完整性，平台不提供额外的编辑、内容补充、找答案等附加服务。
- 2、"仅部分预览"的文档,不可在线预览部分如存在完整性等问题,可反馈申请退款(可完整预览的文档不适用该条件!)。
- 3、如文档侵犯您的权益，请联系客服反馈,我们会尽快为您处理(人工客服工作时间：9:00-18:30)。
SUMMARY的最常见格式是总分总.开头笼统的介绍以下,给读者一个大概的概念,然后分段总结这个你好总结的东东的各个方面.关键看你要写多少字,概括的是什么,再决定中间这部分是分小段还是一大段内,分开概括.最后就是总结了.有的时候你会感觉总结和开篇介绍很相似,确实是这样,但是总结只是更近一步的对这个事物进行了概括.这个时候,读者就应该对你所总结的事物有一种整体上的认识了.一段好的摘要必须包括main idea和supporting details。
main idea说明文章的主旨，作者主要诉说的故事是关于什么supporting details则帮助发展或说明主题。
如何写英文摘要英文摘要如何写如何写摘要一、概述文章摘要是对所写文章主要内容的精炼概括。
美国人称摘要为“Abstract”,而英国人则喜欢称其为“Summary”。
通常国际刊物要求所要刊登的文章字数，包括摘要部分不超过1万字。
而对文章摘要部分的字数要求则更少。
因此，写摘要时，应用最为简练的语言来表达论文之精华。
论文摘要的重点应放在所研究的成果和结论上。
国际会议要求的论文摘要的字数不等，一般为200字-500字。
而国际刊物要求所刊登的论文摘要的字数通常是100字-200字。
摘要的位置一般放在一篇文章的最前面，内容上涵盖全文，并直接点明全旨。
语言上要求尽量简炼。
摘要通常多采用第三人称撰写。
科学书籍、论文和学术报告一般都附有内容摘要，这样可以节省读者的时间，使他们不必读完整个文章就能够了解它的主要内容。
书籍摘要，一般放在封二或封三；论文和学术报告的摘要，一般放在正文前面。
摘要应做到简明扼要，切题，能独立成文，使读者能准确地了解书籍的要义。
写摘要时，最好用第三人称的完整的陈述句，文长一般不超过200个词。
摘要分陈述性的（Deｓｃｒｉｐｔive）和资料性的（Informational）两类。
陈述性摘要只陈述书籍或文章的主题，不介绍内容。
资料性的摘要除了介绍主题外，还应介绍文章的要点和各个要点的主要内容。
它可以包括三个组成部分①点明主题，解析文章或书籍的目的或意图；②介绍主要内容，使读者迅速了解文章或书籍的概貌；③提出结论或建议，以供读者参考。
二、常见句型1）This paper deals with..2）This article focuses on the topics of (that,having,etc).3）3）This eassy presents knowledge that...4）4）This thesis discusses...5）5）This thesis analyzes...6）6）This paper provides an overview of...7）7)This paper elaborates on ..8）8）This article gives an overview of...9）9）This article compares...and summarizes key findings.10）This paper includes discussions concerning...11）11)This paper presents up12）12)This article covers the role of chemicals in...13）13)This paper addresses important topics including...14）14)This paper touches upon...15）15)This paper strongly emphasizes..16）16)This eassy represents the preceedings of .17）17)This article not only describes...but also suggests...18）18)This paper considers...19）19)This paper provides a method of ...20）20)This paper introduces an applicable procedure to analyze...21）21)This paper offers the latest information regarding...22）22)This paper is devoted to examining the role of...23）23)This article explores...24）24)This paper expresses views on...25）25)This paper reflects the state of the art in...26）26)This paper explains the procedures for...¬27）27)This paper develops the theory of ..28）28)This article reviews the techniques used in...29）29)This paper investigates the techniques and procedures to...30）30)This article is about...31）31)This eassy is related to ...32）32)This paper concerns...33）33)This paper gives an account of ...34）34)This article tells of...35）35)This paper tries to describe...36）36)This paper provides an analysis of ...37）37)This paper reports the latest information on ..38）38)The author of this article reviews..39）39)The writer of this paper discusses...40）40)The writer of this eassy tries to explore...41）41)The aim of this paper is to determine..42）42)The purpose of this article is to review...43）43)The objective of this paper is to explore...破题用语，一般有：①The author of this article reviews (or: discusses,describes,summarizes,examines)something……② This article reviews (or:reports,tells of,is about,concerns)something…….③ This article has been prepared (or:designed,written)…….④ The purpose of this article is to determine something…….⑤ The problem of something is discussed …….结论和建议，一般有以下几种写法：① The author suggests (recommends,concludes)that…….②This article shows that…….③ It is suggested that…….④The author's suggestion (or:conclusion )is that ……⑤The author finds it necessary to …….summary范文模板Article：Children Must be Taught to Tell Right from Wrong William KilpatrickMany of today’s young people have a difficult time seeing any moral dimension (道德层面) to their actions. There are a number of reasons why that’s true, but none more prominent than a failed system of education that eschews (回避) teaching children the traditional moral values that bind Americans together as a society and a culture. That failed approach, called “decision-making,” was introduced in schools 25 years ago. It tells children to decide for themselves what is right and what is wrong. It replaced “character education. (品格教育)” Character education didn’t ask children to reinvent the moral wheel (浪费时间重新发明早已存在的道德标准); instead, it encouraged them to practice habits of courage, justice and self-control.In the 1940s, when a character education approach prevailed, teachers worried about students chewing gum; today they worry about robbery and rape. Decision-making curriculums pose thorny (棘手的) ethical dilemmas to students, leaving them with the impression that all morality is problematic and that all questions of right and wrong are in dispute. Youngsters are forced to question values and virtues they’ve never acquired in the first place or upon which they have only a tenuous (薄弱的) hold. The assumption behind this method is that students will arrive at good moral conclusions if only they are given the chance. But the actual result is moral confusion.For example, a recent national study of 1,700 sixth- to ninth-graders revealed that a majority of boys considered rape to be acceptable under certain conditions. Astoundingly, many of the girls agreed.This kind of moral illiteracy is further encouraged by values-education (价值观教育) programs that are little more than courses in self-esteem (自尊). These programs are based on the questionable assumption that a child who feels good about himself or herself won’t want to do anything wrong. But it is just as reasonable to make an opposite assumption: namely, that a child who has uncritical self-regard will conclude that he or she can’t do anything bad. Such naive self-acceptance results in large part from the non-directive (无指导性的), non-judgmental (无是非观的), as-long-as-you-feel-comfortable-with-your-choices mentality (思想) that has pervaded (渗透) public education for the last two and one-half decades. Many of today’s drug education, sex education and values-education courses are based on the same 1960s philosophy that helped fuel the explosion in teen drug use andsexual activity in the first place.Meanwhile, while educators are still fiddling with (胡乱摆弄) outdated “feel-good”approaches, New York, Washington, and Los Angeles are burning. Youngsters are leaving school believing that matters of right and wrong are always merely subjective. If you pass a stranger on the street and decide to murder him because you need money —if it feels right—you go with that feeling. Clearly, murder is not taught in our schools, but such a conclusion—just about any conclusion—can be reached and justified using the decision-making method.It is time to consign (寄出) the fads (风尚) of “decision-making”and “non-judgmentalism” to the ash heap of failed policies, and return to a proved method. Character education provides a much more realistic approach to moral formation. It is built on an understanding that we learn morality not by debating it but by practicing it.SampleSummary of “Children Must be Taught to Tell Right from Wrong”In his essay “Children Must be Taught to Tell Right from Wrong,” William Kilpatrick argues fervently that the “decision-making” approach to the moral education of American youth, which replaced “character education” 25 years ago, has prevented juveniles from behaving and thinking in accordance with the traditional moral principles that are fundamental to American society.According to Kilpatrick, decision-making methods instill in students a wrong belief that all norms of morality are subjective constructs with only relative truth in them and therefore can be interpreted flexibly and even questioned. This belief deprives them of the chance to secure solid moral standards and induces misconceptions about what should be clearly right or wrong.In parallel with this inadequacy of the “decision-making” approach are the unexpected outcomes of those values-education programs focusing on students’self-esteem that subscribe to the “non-judgmental”mindset dominating “decision-making”curriculums. Their mistaken assumption that feeling good warrants morality excuses students from criticizing and disciplining their own behaviors.Basing his conclusion on his analysis of the fundamental flaws of the decision-making approach, Kilpatrick finally proposes an immediate shift back to character education which he believes teaches morality more effectively by emphasizing practice instead of discussion.。