Annotated Bibliography example
文献注释Annotated Bibliography Sample Assignment
Annotated Bibliography: Study Abroad and Language ProficiencyStudent NameSchool NameDateAnnotated Bibliography: Study Abroad and Language Proficiency IntroductionThe following list of references centers on the topic of study abroad and subsequent language competency demonstrated by study abroad participants immersed in a foreign language. The list is comprised of various types of research in order to cover a broad spectrum of issues related to the subject in an effort to capture the diversity of variables involved in language development. While some of the publications are empirical, citing either qualitative or quantitative data (or both), others represent compilations of theory on the subject. Because language acquisition embodies a complex network of interaction involving, of course, the language itself, sociocultural considerations, explicit and implicit stimuli as well as individual behavioural factors,a combination of research methods is key to answering the question: how does study abroad influence participants’ language proficiency? The qualitative data is helpful because it provides perspective on wider social significance, while the quantitative studies included draw attention to specific trends in linguistic form on a more micro level of analysis. Finally, and perhaps most importantly, the theoretically based references offer a framework from which to construct a critical examination of this topic.Bayley, R., & Regan, V. (2004). Introduction: The acquisition of sociolinguistic competence. Journal of Sociolinguistics, 8(3), 323-338. doi:10.1111/j.1467-9841.2004.00263.xThis chapter presents a diverse collection of studies providing sociolinguisticinquiry into L2 acquisition. Bayley and Regan, well-known authors on this topic,examine publications combining SLA with variationist (Labovian) linguistics,with conversation analysis, and with contextualized, sociolinguistic approaches.The evaluations of both the findings and principal research questions within thecited studies present a comprehensive discussion on language acquisition. Thisresource contributes to the understanding of sociolinguistic competence,recommending that these three themes not be isolated but integrated for a moreinterdisciplinary approach. Further, future considerations in L2 languageacquisition combining variation with gender, ethnographic analysis andpsycholinguistics are proposed.DeKeyser, R. (2010). Monitoring processes in Spanish as a second language during a study abroad program. Foreign Language Annals, 43(1), 80-92.doi:10.1111/j.1944-9720.2010.01061.xFrequently cited, this recent study substantiates the idea that motivation alone isnot enough to ensure success in language acquisition while studying abroad andthat adequate grammar (language study) preparation is an important factor. Thedata collected represents a broad range of strateg ies for evaluating the participants’ abilities and backgrounds prior to and following a 6-week study abroadexperience, providing a rich body of information from which to draw conclusions about factors influencing their learning experience.Dewey, D. P., Bown, J., Baker, W., Martinsen, R. A., Gold, C., & Eggett, D. (2014).Language use in six study abroad programs: An exploratory analysis of possiblepredictors. Language Learning, 64(1), 36-71. doi:10.1111/lang.12031An expansive study on several (6) study abroad locations, this study providesinsight into variables that influence language use both in and out of class duringstudy abroad. The two main factors contributing to increased language use wereage (older participants used the target language more) and the program itself. Iflanguage use is in fact a predictor of proficiency, these conclusions support theidea that more consideration of individual and cross-program characteristics isneeded in order to promote language development while studying abroad. George, A. (2014). Study abroad in central Spain: The development of regional phonological features. Foreign Language Annals, 47(1), 97-114.doi:10.1111/flan.12065Angela George is a professor of Spanish and Foreign Language Education.This article takes a phonological approach to Spanish language acquisition. Thestudy tested students’ interdental and uvular fricatives ([θ] and [χ]) at thebeginning, middle and at the end of a term abroad through three oral testingactivities. Most students were not able to demonstrate an ability to effectivelypronounce these sounds, and the few that could, were inconsistent in doing so.Further, the article presents several extralinguistic variables correlated with thedata on sound production providing the reader with a number of predictive factors to consider including prior contact with the target language while abroad,metalinguistic awareness, social network, and desire to learn and attitude. Kinginger, C. (2011). Enhancing language learning in study abroad. Annual Review of Applied Linguistics, 31(Mar), 58-73. doi:10.1017/S0267190511000031An important resource by Celeste Kinginger, who is one of the foremostauthorities on study abroad, and who has published extensively on the topic, thisarticle provides extensive review and discussion on the literature available onstudy abroad and language learning. This resource is important to the presentresearch because it synopsizes leading research on the topic as well asmethodologies that have been utilized. This gives a broad understanding of thedata available at this time. This source also offers rationale for promoting greater social engagement during study abroad while supporting that with more integrated curriculum.Nadasdi, T., Mougeon, R., & Rehner, K. (2005). Learning to speak everyday (Canadian) French. The Canadian Modern Language Review / La Revue Canadienne DesLangues Vivantes, 61(4), 543-561. doi:10.1353/cml.2005.0035This Canadian publication presents a continuum of language proficiencydistinguishing between vernacular, informal and formal French language but takes an interesting approach by adding in a third category: the “hyper-formal” variant.Nadasdi, Mougeon and Rehner have done innovative research here, pointing outthat conventional classroom instruction often promotes proficiency in highlyformalized language instead of the more pragmatic, vernacular, informal or evenformal varieties. Several pedagogical strategies are provided, focusing on changes in input towards more contextualized and native-like French for improvedsociolinguistic competence. This resource is key to understanding the wayclassroom learning can influence language learning while studying abroad.Pérez-Vidal, C., & Juan-Garau, M. (2011). The effect of context and input conditions on oral and written development: A study abroad perspective. IRAL - InternationalReview of Applied Linguistics in Language Teaching, 49(2), 157-185.doi:10.1515/iral.2011.008A comprehensive and current publication, this article reviews some of the keyvariables and research on predictors of success in study abroad languageacquisition. It summarizes two longitudinal studies carried out on the influence of formal instruction (FI) on oral and written performance over time following a 3-month study abroad experience. The results indicate that both oral and writtencompetency improved because of the study abroad experience, and that FI playeda key role, especially for advanced learners. Most significantly, those deemed“high achievers” in writing showed the following characteristics while abroad:higher interaction with target language speakers, living in families or apartments,simultaneous coursework, eagerness and self-awareness. In oral competency:employment opportunities while abroad, listening to media and living in residence with native speakers.Stewart, J. (2010). Using e-journals to assess students' language awareness and social identity during study abroad. Foreign Language Annals, 43(1), 138-159.doi:10.1111/j.1944-9720.2010.01064.xThis study utilizes an innovative way of extracting information about studentstudy abroad experience and language gain (including language awareness)through e-journaling. This resource is important because it includes the use oftechnology for language learning. These e-journals highlighted a number offactors influencing language awareness and social identity (gender, personalityand living situation, among others). The study also contributes to the body ofknowledge on social networks and their correlation with improved listening skills.The researcher, a professor of foreign languages at Eastern University, calls forfuture use of e-journaling as a tool for fostering awareness of language featuresand cultural and self-identity training prior to studying abroad.Yang, J., & Kim, T. (2011). Sociocultural analysis of second language learner beliefs: A qualitative case study of two study-abroad ESL learners. SYSTEM, 39(3), 325-334.doi:10.1016/j.system.2011.07.005This two-participant study provides transcribed interview data suggesting thatindividual beliefs combined with meaningful learning environment are the twomost significant factors in success in study abroad. Further, it concludes thatindividual perspectives evolve over time, changing learners’ goals throughout alearning experience. This points to the value of qualitative research on study abroad as it pertains to language acquisition. This recent publication reconfirms the fact that although the study abroad context provides an immersed learning environment, that alone is not an indicator of increased language proficiency, and more strategic planning must go into study abroad programming to promote positive outcome.。
annotated bibliography mla格式
在MLA（Modern Language Association）格式中，Annotated Bibliography（带注释的参考书目）是一种文献引用格式，它不仅列出作者、标题、出版信息等基本信息，还包含对文献内容的简要描述和评价。
以下是一个MLA格式的Annotated Bibliography示例：—Author, A. A. (Year). Title of work. Place of publication: Publisher.Annotation: This annotation should provide a brief overview of the content and significance of the work, including any relevant background information or context. It should also include a critical evaluation of the work, addressing its strengths and weaknesses, as well as the author's arguments and evidence. The annotation should be written in third-person, objective language, and should not exceed 150 words.—以下是一个具体的示例：—Smith, J. (2018). The effects of social media on teenagers. New York: Penguin Random House.Annotation: This annotation discusses Smith's argument that social media has negative effects on teenagers, including increased anxiety and decreased face-to-face communication skills. It also evaluates Smith's use of research and evidence to support his claims, pointing out the strengths and weaknesses of his argument. The annotation concludes by noting that while Smith's work is informative, further research is needed to fully understand the impact of social media on teenagers.。
annotatedbibliography模板apa模式
English Composition 102Sang LichenHunterProfessor JonesSection: VFTDate: April 21, 2013Annotated BibliographyBu, ., & Fee, E. (2012, October). Family Planning and Economic Development in China. American Journal of Public Health,102(10), 1858-1859. doi: “Family Planning and Economic Development in China,”(American Journal of Public Health, October, 2012) PhD. Liping Bu and Elizabeth Fee point out that the mutual action between economy and population influences both of them. Begin with a attractive poster. The authors describe the new situation of Chinese mother and child as a pair of free birds. Under the family planning policy, the general fertility rate declined. The less population brings lots of advantages, such as health, prosperity, more welfare and socioeconomic development. The population influences the economy and also be affected by it. In the words of Bu and Fee (2012), because of market economy, many young famers migrate to cities to work. It is hard to have more children in such a competitive environment, so that rural couples voluntarily choose to have fewer children. In conclusion, the authors agree deeply that China should insist on implementing family planning policy and market economy.Chen, . (2007, October). Parent-child relationship in single-child families in China. WCPRR, 2(4), 123-127. Retrieved fromIn “Parent-child relationship in single-child families in China,”(WCPRR, October, 2007) Yixin Chen argues that as the Family Planning Policy has been carried out in China, there are some problems emerging and we need to pay much attention to these. Just like Chen (2007) writes, for four reasons causing child spoiled, treasuring, paying high expectations, excessive concerns and the emotional needs. the children who come from one-child families would get more attached and dependent than the children who have siblings. Moreover, in some serious situations, less of them can be violent or immature even getting a hypochondriac condition. By investigating the parent-child relationships, the author strongly states his point of view that we should attach importance to the mental health of parents and children in the process of child development.China’s family planning. (July 21, 2011). Illegal children will be confiscated. The Economist. Retrieved fromIn “Illegal children will be confiscated,” the author criticizes that the one-child policy is going against human-right and caused a demographic problem. There is a fact that those children who are called illegal will be packed off to orphanages. Although Chinese fertility was down, it also leads some problems. Now China becomes one of the world’s lowest “dependency ratios” country. Too few young people cause aging society. It is disturbing to think facing too many elders and too few females’problems brought by policy’s distortions how can the young men do under this generation of one-child policy.Family-planning Policy Helps Offer Better Education to Children. (October 22, 2001). Xinhua News Agency. Retrieved fromIn “Family-planning Policy Helps Offer Better Education to Children,”(Xinhua News Agency, October 22, 2001) the author writes that China’s one-child policy is helpful for China’s education, because the number of school-age children becomes lesser and lesser since this policy has been implemented. For macroscopic view, the less number of students could be helpful to ease the stress of educational system (more students and less school), preventing from too many students taking class in one room causing low efficiency and even no rooms for more children. For microcosmic view, fewer children can alleviate burdens on parents who can’t afford the spending of tuition, and save money for taking higher education. Especially in rural areas, these are far more obvious. In conclusion, the China’s family planning policy is helpful for China’s education to children and parents as well.Hudson ., & Boer . (Spring 2008). China's Security, China's Demographics: Aging, Masculinization, and Fertility Policy. The Brown Journal of World Affairs, 14(2), 185-200. Retrieved fromIn “China's Security, China's Demographics: Aging, Masculinization, and Fertility Policy,”(The Brown Journal of World Affairs, Spring 2008) Valerie M. Hudson and Andrea den Boer intensively criticize the China’s family planning policy by analyzing the cost of it. In the words of authors, the one-child policy indeed helped to control the China’s population to an acceptable level, but, by the time, it also brings the social instability and security risks, such as masculinized sex ratios (gender imbalance) and aging society. The authors point out several serious problems which are caused by the aging and masculinization to prove that the one-child policy needs change. They also provide the supposition that if the Chinese were to move towards a two-child policy, the condition would be better. In sum, the authors are in their effort to persuade the audiences to believe this policy has posed a threat to China.Second child or not when one-child policy relaxes. (November 28, 2011).CNTV. Retrieved formIn “Second child or not when one-child policy relaxes,” the author writes that presently some cities in China have relaxed the one-child policy, and facing this chance, many young couples hesitate to have more than one child. Because of the high living cost, raising more children proves to be stressful and difficult. Another reason given by an senior citizen is that “Young parent nowadays think too much of themselves, they just don’t want to shoulder more responsibilities.”(Para. 6) But facing the problem of aging population, more and more eligible young couples will consider having a second child. For the new policy, people still need some other supporting policy to share the burden of rearing children.Zhang, H. (2012, May). One-child Policy is Harming China. The Economic Observer, (568). Retrieved fromIn “One-child Policy is Harming China,”(The Economic Observer, May, 2012) Hong Zhang claims that China’s one-child policy should be loosened and even abolished. Providing some facts and statistics, the author points out that the Chinese family planning is injustice and violating the human right. Firstly, Zhang shows us many problems which were caused by this policy, such as aging population, unbalanced gender ratio and the lag between this policy and socio-economic impact. And another serious problem is that the policy has caused a huge bureaucratic system. In his words, there are still some wealthy people at large by some evil ways. This is a big bug of the policy and we have no idea to solve it. In sum, basing on many social issues, the author declares that one-child policy is harming China.Zhao, H. X. (2013, March 11). China to maintain family planning policy. China Daily. Retrieved from “China to maintain family planning policy,” (China Daily, March 11, 2013) Huanxin Zhao, writes that China will continue the family planning policy although the government is planning to restructure the ministries. Today we still face lots of social issues like resource and population pressures, so family planning policy is still important for China. As the new government publishes the restructure plan, the implementation of family planning policy will be strengthened. The one-child policy is still important for China.Zhu, C. (2011). China’s Savings and Current Account Balance: A Demographic Transition Perspective. Modern Economy, 2, 804-813. doi: “China’s Savings and Current Account Balance: A DemographicTransition,”Chao Zhu argues that China’s family planning policy should be maintained by analyzing the demographic structure, dependency ratios and China’s savings rate. Basing on some empirical findings and statistics, he points out that the dependency ratios have declined and then will increase to a peak, but finally will decrease to a low level. This is the trend and relax the policy will not change the fact. But on the contrast, if we maintain the policy, the population will goes to a desired level. He also points out that the problems we facing this moment is interim. In the long run, the family planning policy is good for China. So it is good that China should maintain this policy and Chinese people should not be too worried about that.。
annotated bibliography的组成 -回复
annotated bibliography的组成-回复如何编写一篇关于“annotated bibliography”的文章。
Step 1: 引言(Introduction)[注：在这一部分中，你需要简要介绍annotated bibliography的概念和目的。
你可以解释什么是annotated bibliography以及它在学术研究中的重要性。
]Annotated bibliography是一种重要的学术写作形式，广泛用于研究论文、学术报告和毕业论文等。
本文将一步一步回答如何编写一篇关于annotated bibliography的文章。
首先，我们将讨论annotated bibliography的基本组成部分，然后详细说明每一部分的内容和格式要求。
最后，我们将介绍一些写作时需要注意的要点。
Step 2: 组成部分(Components)[注：在这一部分中，你需要详细介绍annotated bibliography的组成部分。
这些部分通常包括书目信息、摘要和评价。
]一个annotated bibliography通常由三个主要部分组成：书目信息、摘要（或注释）和评价。
书目信息包括作者、标题、出版日期、出版社等重要的引用信息。
摘要是对文献内容的简短总结，可以包括作者的主要观点、方法和结论。
评价部分则是对文献的评价和批判性分析，可以涵盖对作者观点的评估、实证研究的有效性和可靠性等。
Step 3: 书目信息(Bibliographic Information)[注：在这一部分中，你需要详细解释书目信息的内容和格式要求。
这包括作者的姓名、出版日期、标题、出版社等信息。
]在书目信息部分，你需要提供每个文献源的相关信息，以便读者能够追溯到原始文献并了解其来源。
根据引用格式的要求，你需要包括作者的姓名（或姓氏首字母）、出版日期、标题、出版社等信息。
这些信息应该以特定格式排列，并使用适当的标点符号进行分隔。
annotated bibliography例子
annotated bibliography例子以下是一份注释参考书目的例子：1. Smith, John. "The Impact of Climate Change on Biodiversity." Environmental Journal, vol. 35, no. 2, 2019, pp. 45-60.该论文探讨了气候变化对生物多样性的影响。
作者研究了全球气候变暖对动植物种群和物种分布的影响，并提出了应对气候变化的管理策略。
该研究为生态学、环境保护等领域的专业人士提供了重要的参考。
2. Johnson, Emily. "The Role of Social Media in Political Movements." Communication Studies Quarterly, vol. 42, no. 3, 2020, pp. 78-95.本文分析了社交媒体在政治运动中的作用。
作者研究了社交媒体平台在政治动员、组织和传播信息方面的影响，并提出了社交媒体对于推动社会变革和促进公民参与的重要性。
该研究对政治学和传媒学领域的学术界和从业人员具有参考价值。
3. Chen, Li. "The Impact of Foreign Direct Investment on Economic Growth in Emerging Economies." Journal of Development Economics, vol. 28, no. 4, 2018, pp. 123-140.该论文研究了外国直接投资对新兴经济体经济增长的影响。
作者分析了外国直接投资对经济增长、就业和贸易的积极影响，并提出了一些政策建议，以吸引更多的外国直接投资。
该研究对于新兴经济体的经济发展和政策制定有重要意义。
4. Rodriguez, Maria. "The Effects of Exercise on Mental Health." Journal of Psychology and Psychiatry, vol. 15, no. 1, 2017, pp. 56-70.本文研究了运动对心理健康的影响。
annotated bibliography的组成 -回复
annotated bibliography的组成-回复"Annotated Bibliography"的组成方式是其标题部分写在文档的顶部，然后按照特定的格式列出参考文献清单，每个参考文献后面紧接着是对其进行评注的短文。
1. 标题部分：在文档的顶部，将标题“Annotated Bibliography”居中，使用较大的字号，以便突出显示这个部分。
2. 参考文献清单格式：按照特定的引用格式，如MLA、APA或者Chicago Style等，将参考文献清单按照字母顺序列出。
每个参考文献的格式包括作者姓名、引文标题、出版日期、出版商或期刊名称等基本信息，具体格式与引用风格有关。
3. 评注部分：在每个参考文献的后面，写下对该文献的评注。
评注可以包括以下几个方面的内容：a. 概况：简要介绍该文献的内容和目的。
b.可信度：评估该文献的可信度和权威性，考虑作者的资质和作品的来源。
c. 适用性：探讨该文献与研究主题的联系，以及其对研究项目的相关性。
d. 方法：描述研究方法或者理论框架，以及该文献在研究领域中的地位。
e. 分析：分析文献中的论点、证据和结论，评估其对研究项目的价值和贡献。
4. 文档结构与排版：根据具体要求，将参考文献清单和评注按照字母顺序编排，并保持一致的格式。
可以使用不同的标题或者子标题，将文档分为几个主题部分，以帮助读者更好地理解和阅读。
通过完成这些步骤，一个完整的"Annotated Bibliography"就形成了。
这种格式可以帮助研究者在整理自己的文献资料时，更好地组织参考文献，并提供对每个文献的评注，使读者能够更深入地了解参考文献的内容和其与研究项目之间的联系。
这种方法在文献综述、学术论文和研究项目中非常常见，并为研究者提供了一个有效的工具，以评估和整理相关文献资料。
annoted bibliography格式
annoted bibliography格式注释参考文献（Annotated Bibliography）是一种文献列表，每个文献条目都附有作者对该文献内容的短评。
以下是一份注释参考文献的一般格式，通常根据学术领域和出版要求可能会有轻微的变化。
注释参考文献格式：文献条目：包括文献的完整引用信息，按照所使用的引文风格（如APA、MLA、Chicago等）书写。
包括作者、标题、出版信息等。
注释：在文献条目之后，加上一段注释，提供对文献内容的简要评价。
注释应该包括作者的主要观点、方法、结论等。
例子（APA风格）：Smith, J. (2005). The Impact of Climate Change on Agriculture. Journal of Environmental Studies, 30(2), 123-145.This article discusses the potential effects of climate change on global agriculture. Smith argues that rising temperatures and changing precipitation patterns posesignificant challenges to crop production. The author provides a comprehensive review of current research findings and suggests potential strategies for adapting agriculture to a changing climate.在实际写作时，请确保参照所使用的引文风格的规范，包括作者名字的格式、文献标题的格式等。
注释的内容应该简洁明了，旨在为读者提供对文献内容的概览。
请注意，这只是一个简单的例子，实际注释参考文献可能需要满足特定出版物、学科或教育机构的要求。
annotated bibliography的组成 -回复
annotated bibliography的组成-回复被引用评注（annotated bibliography）是一种对已有文献进行系统化整理并附有评注的文献综述。
它由多个文献引用及其相关评注组成，用于回答研究主题或问题。
本文将逐步解释被引用评注的组成以及如何撰写一篇1500-2000字的文章。
一、引言（Introduction）文章的引言部分应该简要介绍你选择阐述的主题，并概括几篇被引用评注的主要观点和结论。
在引言中，还可以提出你的研究问题或目标，让读者了解你为什么选择了这些被引用评注，并指导他们在阅读文章时关注什么。
二、文献引用（Citations）在文献引用部分，你需要列举出相关的文献，并给出全面的引用信息。
每个文献引用应该包括作者的姓名（姓在前），标题，出版日期，期刊或书籍的名称以及页码（如适用）。
确保使用适当的引用格式，如APA、MLA 或Chicago style。
文献引用应以编号或按字母顺序排序。
三、评注（Annotations）评注是被引用评注的核心部分，提供了对每个文献引用的详细解释、评论和分析。
评注应该回答以下问题：1. 文献的目的：作者写这篇文章的主要目的是什么？2. 研究方法：作者采用了什么方法或途径进行研究？3. 结果和结论：作者得出了什么结论或结果？这些结果与该研究领域的其他研究相比如何？评注还可以讨论文献的可靠性、局限性、相关性以及对你的研究问题的重要性。
你还可以在评注中提到文献的一些关键观点或论证，以及作者的主要观点和论点。
四、讨论（Discussion）在讨论部分，你可以总结并比较每篇文献的主要观点、结论和评注。
你可以探讨这些文献之间的共同点和差异，以及它们如何回答你的研究问题或目标。
你还可以提及其他相关的文献，如果适用的话。
确保在讨论部分中提供逻辑和流畅的连接来组织你的观点。
五、结论（Conclusion）在结论中，总结你对被引用评注的分析和讨论。
再次回答你的研究问题或目标，并强调被引用评注对你的研究的重要性和价值。
- 1、下载文档前请自行甄别文档内容的完整性，平台不提供额外的编辑、内容补充、找答案等附加服务。
- 2、"仅部分预览"的文档,不可在线预览部分如存在完整性等问题,可反馈申请退款(可完整预览的文档不适用该条件!)。
- 3、如文档侵犯您的权益，请联系客服反馈,我们会尽快为您处理(人工客服工作时间：9:00-18:30)。
As with a normal reference list or bibliography, an annotated bibliography is usually arranged alphabetically according to the author’s last name. An annotated bibliography summary should be about 100 - 200 words per citation—check with your lecturer/tutor as this may vary between faculties and assessments. Please also check with your lecturer about the elements each annotation should include.
Which writing style should I use in the annotations?
• Each annotation should be concise. Do not write too much—remember, you are writing a summary, not an essay. Annotations should not extend beyond one paragraph unless otherwise stipulated in your assignment guidelines. As this is not an extended piece of writing, only mention significant and relevant details.
• In-text citations would usually only be necessary for quotations.
• Unless otherwise stipulated, you should write in full sentences using academic vocabulary.
Annotated Bibliography
The Learning Centre • .au
The advice in this brochure is a general guide only. We strongly recommend that you also follow your assignment instructions and seek clarification from your lecturer/tutor if needed.
• Any information apparent in the title of the text or journal can be omitted from the annotation.
• Background materials and references to previous work by the same author usually are not included. As you are addressing one text at a time, it is not usually necessary to cross reference to support your annotation.
Questions to Consider
You need to consider carefully the texts that you select for your annotated bibliography. Keep the following questions in mind to help clarify your choices.
What is an Annotated Bibliography?
An annotated bibliography provides a brief account of the available research on a given topic. It is a list of research sources that includes concise descriptions and evaluations of each source. The annotation usually contains a brief summary of content and a short analysis or evaluation. Depending on your assignment you may be asked to summarise, reflect on, critique, evaluate or analyse each source. An annotated bibliography may be a component of a larger assignment or it may be a stand-alone assignment. While an annotation can be as brief as one sentence, the standard annotated bibliography consists of a citation followed by a short paragraph. An example is provided on the next page.
1. What topic/ problem am I investigating? 2. What question(s) am I exploring? Identify the aim of
your literature research. 3. What kind of material am I looking at and why? Am I
Sample Annotation
The citation goes first and is followed by the annotation. Make sure that you follow your faculty’s preferred citation style. The summary needs to be concise (please note the following example is entirely fictitious).
Purpose of an Annotated Bibliography
Depending on your specific assessment, an annotated bibliography may serve to:
• review the literature of a particular subject;
• Provide the full bibliographic citation • Indicate the background of the author(s) • Indicate the content or scope of the text • Outline the main argument • Indicate the intended audience • Identify the research methods (if applicable) • Identify any conclusions made by the author/s • Discuss the reliability of the text • Highlight any special features of the text that were unique
• demonstrate the quality and depth of reading that you have done;
• exemplify the scope of sources available—such as journals, books, web sites and magazine articles;
In the sample annotation below, each element is numbered (see Key).
Contents of an Annotated Bibliography
An annotation may contain all or part of the following elements depending on the word limit and the content of the sources you are examining.
or helpful (charts, graphs etc.) • Discuss the relevance or usefulness of the text for your
research • Point out in what way the text relates to themes or
• highlight sources that may be of interest to other readers and researchers;
• explore and organise sources for further research.
When set as an assignment, an annotated bibliography allows you to get acquainted with the material available on a particular topic.