2010新东方英语基础班讲义阅读

第二部分阅读理解全真模拟题Unit 12Passage 1"Fathers should be neither seen nor heard."wrote Oscar Wilde."This is the only proper basis for family life." It's hard to say what Wilde would have thought of this week's cover photo or the pictures inside of dads and their children. Several clearly defy the outdated idea of fathers as detached from the parenting process. And that's just what the photographers intended.Gregory Heisler, who did the cover photograph, says he wanted the image to show genuine affection. So, rather than use professional models, he went out and found some "real dads and their real kids."Adds Heisler." Instead of doing some slick, over-produced shot, I wanted something more authentic to the experience of being a father." This isn't the first time that Heisler, 39, has conveyed complex ideas for the cover of TIME. His photographs have graced the front of the magazine some 20 times, ranging from Olympic athlete Jackie Joyner-Kersee and director Davis Lynch to former President George Bush and Ted Turner for the Man of the Year issues in 1991 and 1992, respectively. But this week's TIME cover has special meaning, he says, because he and his wife Prudence had their first child, Lucy, 16 months ago.The pictures appearing inside were all done by photographer Jeffrey Lowe. Although Lowe has not experienced fatherhood yet, he observed many intimate moments of parenting by spending a lot of private time with each dad and child. Of all the pictures. Lowe was most deeply touched by the father-to-be embracing his pregnant wife.While most of the credit for the pictures rightly goes to those behind the camera, cover coordinator Lina Freeman and assistant picture editor Mary Worrell Bousquette, who work behind the scenes, also deserve accolades. Freeman, for instance, had the challenging task of making arrangements for the group portrait of child movie stars by Heisler that appears on page 62. Says she: "My greatest reward is working with these talented artists."Bousquette edited the pictures that appear inside."I wanted our story to show the many faces of fatherhood," she says. At least in this issue, those fathers are seen as well as heard sorry, Oscar.1. In Oscar Wilde's view,A. distance between fathers and their children is essential in family lifeB. fathers should play a greater role in family lifeC. family life is something that fathers enjoy mostD. fathers are never sure about what they should do at home2. The photographers of this week's TIME intendedA. to support Oscar Wilde's viewB. to prove that Oscar Wilde was wrongC. to apologize to Oscar WildeD. to show their respect for Oscar Wilde3. The word 'graced' in the second paragraph meansA. decoratedB. substitutedC. turned outD. mixed up4. How did Jeffrey Lowe manage to portray fathers' feelings accurately?A. He tried to experience fatherhood himself.B. He spent most of his time with his pregnant wife.C. He mixed with many fathers and their children.D. He studied the relationship between each member in a family.5. From the last paragraph, we can infer thatA. cover coordinator and assistant picture do not share the same idea with HeislerB. making arrangement for the group portrait of child movie stars is not an easy jobC. freeman's job is well paidD. these stuffs are all sorry about Oscar's fatherPassage 2Children are in need of adoption because some birth parents are unable or unavailable to provide adequately for the needs of their child. There are numerous reasons for making an adoption plan. Birth parents may feel they cannot take on the responsibility of an unplanned child because they are too young or because they are financially or emotionally unable to provide proper care. They do not feel ready or able to be good parents.In other cases children are in need of adoption because courts have decided that their birth parents are unable to function adequately. Many of these children are victims of abuse or neglect. Regardless of how children come to need adoption, they are put with adoptive parents through private or public social service agencies. Other adoptions may be arranged independently, as when birth parents and adoptive parents come to know each other outside of an agency and then complete the adoption according to the laws and regulations of their states of residence.Which Children Need AdoptionChildren from all countries and all walks of life need adopting. Although international adoptions occur, the largest number of adoptions in the United States involve American parents adopting American infants. Statistics on the ethnicity of both parties are incomplete.In the early 1970 s there was a dramatic increase in the number of families seeking to adopt, a condition which persists today. For this reason, the number of those who wish to adopt regularly exceeds the number of infants available. Reasons for this dramatic increase are varied. A major factor has been the choice of many people to delay the start of a family until later in life. Many of these people, in turn, have found themselves to be less fertile at that time, and so they have decided that their desire to have children might best be fulfilled through adoption.In every state, however, there are children who are legally free to be adopted but are desperately waiting for parents. The children in this group are usually older and often have special needs. They may require additional care from a parent because of their physical, emotional, or mental disabilities (which may have been caused by abuse, neglect, or medical or genetic factors). Because of their special needs, these children are challenging to rear. In fact, adoption experts believe that people who adopt these children need special training and preparation in order to successfully rear the childand to integrate the child into the family and eventually into society.In cases of international adoption, Americans have adopted orphaned children from places like Korea, India, and Latin America. United States immigration laws allow such children to reside in the United States through a special visa under which the children are classified as immediate relatives of the adopting family. The laws, regulations, and attitudes toward international addoption vary a great deal from one country to another. Because of this, people wishing to adopt should use experienced agencies or organizations in order to adopt a child from another country successfully.Stepparent adoption is also very common. Most often, this type of adoption occurs when one of the child's birth parents has remarried and the new spouse adopts the child. In such adoptions, the consent of the other birth parent is usually required, because it entails the termination of that parent's rights.6. The author thinks of adoption as ________.A. illegalB. unethicalC. unavoidableD. necessary7. What is the most important reason for the adoption boom in the 1970 s?A. In the early 1970 s, adoption came into vogue among young American couples.B. Many women chose adoption for fear that their figure might be adversely affected aftergiving birth to babies.C. Many people who married late found they were less fertile and had to adopt children.D. Due to the baby boom in the 1960 s, the American government carried out family planningand many people had to adopt children.8. By saying "these are children who are legally free to be adopted but are desperatelywaiting for parents", the author suggests that ________.A. few people would like to adopt these children for they are hard to rearB. the children were eager to be loved by their birth parentsC. although some people would like to adopt them, these children would rather wait for their birth parentsD. their birth parents abandoned them but these children still loved them9. According to the passage, international adoption ________.A. occurs more often than adoptions of American infantsB. mostly involves European orphansC. should be done through experienced agenciesD. should be banned right away10. Which of the following is NOT the reason for making an adoption plan?A. Birth parents do not have enough money.B. Birth parents are not emotionally prepared.C. Birth parents have already had a baby.D. The count don't think that the birth parents have the ability to raise the child. passage 3Joshua DeShaney is paralyzed and profoundly retarded, the victim of brutal pummelings at age four by his father. Joshua, now nine, is also the victim of inaction by Wisconsin's Winnebago County department of social services. The agency failed to remove the child from his divorced father's custody despite continual reports of abuse for nearly two years, repeated hospitalizations for serious injuries, and regular observations by a caseworkerof suspicious bumps and lesions. Joshua's father was convicted of child abuse in 1984 and paroled from prison after less than two years. Last week, in a ruling that stunned children's rights advocates around the country, the U. S. Supreme Court voted 6 to 3 to absolve Winnebago County of constitutional responsibility for Joshua's fate."A state's failure to protect an individual against private violence,"declared Chief Justice William Rehnquist, was not a denial of the victim's constitutional rights."While the state may have been aware of the dangers that Joshua faced in the free world, it played no part in their creation, nor did it do anything to render him any more vulnerable to them."The majority's ruling provoked an emotional dissent from Justice Harry Blackmun."Poor Joshua! Victim of repeated attacks by an irresponsible, bullying, cowardly and intemperate father, and abandoned by county officials who placed him in a dangerous predicament,"he wrote."It is a sad commentary upon American life and constitutional principles."Government child-welfare agencies expressed relief over the decision. "A contrary ruling would have seriously affected programs and budgetary priorities,"explained Benna Ruth Solomon of the State and Local Legal Center in Washington. For child advocates, the opinion was deeply troubling. Said James Weill of the Children's Defense Fund:"It's part of a line of decisions in which the court has indicated significant hostility to legal protections for children." Suits against agencies may still be filed in some state courts, but local laws often permit little or no recourse. In Joshua's case, a Wisconsin statute limits damages to $50,000 - less than the cost of a year's medical care for the tragically battered youngster.11. By saying "Joshua is also a victim of inaction by Wisconsin's Winnebago Countydepartment of social services", the author means ________.A. the agency should have sent someone to Joshua's home to take care of himB. the court had made the ruling that the child should be removed from his father, theagency failed to do soC. the agency should have taken actions to remove the child from his father's custodyD. the agency failed to send the child to his mother12. Which of the following was the reason given by Chief Justice William Rehnquist forabsolving Winnebago County of constitutional responsibility for Joshua's fate?A. The agency had no responsibility of taking care of the abused child.B. The agency didn't play a part in the child abuse.C. The agency was so busy that it had no time to deal with Joshua's case.D. The agency couldn't intrude upon other people's personal affairs.13. According to justice Harry Blackmun, Joshua's fate ________.A. reflects the sad aspects of American life and constitutional principlesB. provokes people to comment on American life and constitutional principlesC. makes people disappointed with American life and constitutional principlesD. has a profound impact on American life and constitutional principles14. It can be inferred from the passage that ________.A. the author definitely agrees with Chief Justice William Rehnquist's point of viewB. government child-welfare agencies expressed dissent to the ruling made by the Supreme CourtC. Joshua would get $50,000 damages from the Wisconsin's Winnebago County.D. U. S. children's rights advocates were dissatisfied with the ruling made by the Supreme Court.15. What's the attitude of children's advocated towards the rulingA. criticalB. indifferentC. positiveD. neutralPassage 4AIs there a link between crime and population growth? And how does social change aggravate the current crime surge? James Q. Wilson, professor of management and public policy at UCLA and author of Thinking About Crime and The Moral Sense, gave his views last week in an interview with TIME assistant editor Susanne Washburn.Any historian knows that crime waves, in fact, are cyclical. Earlier ones occurred in the 1830 s, the late 1860 s and the 1920 s. The question is, what causes the cycles, and what affects their timing? Crime was abnormally low in the 1940 s and 1950 s and began to rise around 1963 and peaked in the late 1970 s. The increase in crime from 1963 to 1980 was enormous - and it occurred in a period of general prosperity. Part of the explanation is that the population got younger, because of the baby boom - and younger men are more likely to commit crime than older ones.Then in the early 1980 s, almost all forms of crime began to decline for a while. The baby boom got old, so the baby boomers were no longer in the crime-prone years. We saw this in declining public-school enrollments. Now, however, if you look at what's happening in elementary schools, enrollments are going up because the children of baby boomers are starting to move through the cycle. My guess - and the guess of many other criminologists - is that by the end of this decade we will see an increase in the general crime rate regardless of what the government does.Obviously, we want to do everything possible to moderate its severity. And public policy ought to be directed toward that end. The public expects it. I thing politicians will face up to it. But we simply have to realize we are in an era when our ability to moderate the severity of crimes is substantially reduced from what it once was. We are much more reliant on public policy, which is a crude and not very effective instrument. And we are much less dependent on informal social controls, which, when they work, are the most powerful con-trols.The most significant thing in the last half-century has been the dramatic expansion in personal freedom and personal mobility, individual rights, the reorienting of culture around individuals. We obviously value that. But like all human gains, it has been purchased at a price. Most people faced with greater freedom from family, law, village, clan, have used it for good purposes - artistic expression, economic entrepeneurship, self-expression - but a small fraction of people have used it for bad purposes. So just as we have had an artistic and economic explosion, we have had a crime explosion. I think the two are indissolubly entwined. When that prosperity puts cars, drugs and guns into the hands of even relatively poor 18-year-olds, young people can do a great deal more damage today than they could in the 1940 s or 1950 s.16. According to James Q. Wilson, which statement is true?A. There's no definite connection between crimes and population.B. Baby boom may lead to an increase in crime.C. The increase in crime from 1963 to 1980 was completely due to economic prosperity.D. Better public policy will definitely result in a decline in crime.17. When was crime extremely high?A. In the early 1960 s.B. In the late 1960 s.C. In the early 1970 s.D. In the late 1970 s.18. Wilson believes that by the end of this decade we will see an increase in the generalcrime because ________.A. an economic prosperity is around the cornerB. enrollments are going up in high schoolsC. crime waves are cyclicalD. there will be a new generation of baby boomers19. In moderating the severity of crimes, which of the following is the most effective?A. Prisons.B. The police.C. Public policy.D. Informal social controls.20. The best title for the passage would be ________.A. the link between crime and population growthB. what can we do to moderate the severity of crimesC. the baby boomD. what has the cars done to usUnit 13Passage 1In Hollywood, as in war, truth is often the first casualty. Stories told on screen demand heroes, villains and an intelligible plot line. Real life, on the other hand, tends to get messy - the lines between good and bad often cross. Two years ago, director Oliver Stone was excoriated in the press for playing fast and loose with certain facts in JFK. Jim Sheri-dan's In the Name of the Father has largely escaped such criticism in the U. S., but only because Americans are unfamiliar with the story it is based on. In Britain, where people have lived with the case of the Guildford Four for 20 years, the film's reception has been considerably stormier.The movie tells the tale of Gerry Conlon, who along with three other youths was falsely accused of killing five people in a 1974 I. R. A. bombing of two pubs in Guildford, England. The four - three men and a woman - served 14 years in prison before their convictions were overturned. Seven friends and relatives of Conlon's (the Maguire Seven), including his father, also served many years on trumped-up charges of having made the bombs. Though Sheridan never set out to make a documentary, he has been attacked for needlessly distorting the facts of the case. The film, for instance, shows the Maguire Seven on trial with the Guildford Four, though the cases were tried separately. In some of its most affecting scenes, it shows Conlon, played by Daniel Day-Lewis, sharing a jail cell with his father, though the two were often not even in the same prison. A grand and heroic part is carved for actress Emma Thompson, playing Conlon's solicitor, Gareth Peirce, but in reality Peirce was a minor figure and another attorney. Alastair Logan, deserves most of the credit for freeing the Four. A pivotal scene in which Peirce smuggles a crucial piece of suppressed evidence from a police file was fabricated for the film; it was a police investigation that uncovered the buried evidence of Conlon's innocence.Sheridan insists that he was seeking an "emotional honesty"and that the real subject of his film was a son's changing relationship with his father. But if that was his intended subject, say some close to the case, the director should have used someone else's story."The truth is that Gerry Conlon had very little time for his father,"says Sean Smyth, an uncle."It's a good film, well acted and everything,"concedes Conlon's aunt, Anne Maguire."But I think if they'd put more of the true facts in, it would have been a much more powerful film."1. It can be inferred from the first paragraph that ________.A. films often reflect real lifeB. Oliver Stone, a well-known director, deserved high praise for his work in JFK.C. The film In the Name of the Father is based on the case of Guildford Four.D. Unlike Americans, British people think highly of the film In the Name of the Father.2. According to the context, "excoriated"(para 1, line 4) means" ________."A. praisedB. severely criticizedC. awarded prizeD. advertised3. According to the passage, which of the following statements is NOT true?A. Gerry Colon and three othe youths were proved innocent after 14 years'imprisonment.B. Colon's father was also sentenced to several years' imprisonment.C. It is true that Colon and his father were tried together at the court.D. Colon, in fact, didn't stay in the same jail cell as his father.4. Who played the most important role in getting Colon's conviction overturned?A. Colon's father.B. The police.C. Gareth peire.D. Alastair Logan.5. The reason why Sheridan was attacked is that ________.A. he wanted to make a documentaryB. people are not satisfied with the performance of the actorsC. he has altered the facts of case in his filmD. americans are unfamiliar with the storyPassage 2Every British citizen who is employed (or self-employed) is obliged to pay s weekly contribution to the national insurance and health schemes. An employer also makes a contribution for each of his employees, and the Government too pays a certain amount. This plan was brought into being in 1948. Its aim is to prevent anyone from going without medical services, if he needs them, however poor he may be; to ensure that a person who is out of work shall receive a weekly sum of money to survive; and to provide a small pension for those who have reached the age of retirement.Everyone can register with a doctor of his choice and if he is ill he can consult the doctor without having to pay for the doctor's services, although he has to pay a small charge for medicines. The doctor may, if necessary, send a patient to a specialist, or to a hospital; in both cases treatment will be given without any fee being payable. Those who wish may become private patients, paying for their treatment, but they must still pay their contributions to the national insurance and health schemes.During illness the patient can draw a small amount every week, to make up for his lost wages. Everyone who needs to have his eyes seen to may go to a state-registered oculistand if his sight is weak he can get spectacles from an optician at a much reduced price. For a small payment he may go to a dentist, if he needs false teeth, he can obtain dentures (假牙) for less than they would cost from a private dentist. Various other medical appliances can be obtained in much the same way.When a man is out of work, he may draw unemployment benefit until he finds work again; this he will probably do by going to a Job Centre (an office run by the State to help people find jobs). If he is married, the allowance he receives will be larger. Obviously the amount paid is comparatively small, for the State does not want people to stop working in order to draw a handsome sum of money for doing nothing!When a man reaches the age of sixty-five, he may retire from work and then he has the right to draw a State pension. For women, the age of retirement is sixty. Mothers-to-be and children receive special benefits such as free milk or certain food stuffs for which only a minimum charge is made. The State pays to the mother a small weekly sum for each child in a family. There is also an allowance for funerals, for the State boasts that it looks after people "from the cradle to the grave"! There are special benefits for certain people, such as the blind and the handicapped.Most people in Britain agree that there are still many improvements to be made in the national insurance and health schemes, but it is also true that they have become a social institution that the great majority of the population wishes to see maintained.6. The money for the national insurance and health schemes comes from ________.A. one sourceB. two sourcesC. three sourcesD. four sources7. Every citizen in Britain ________.A. receives pay from the governmentB. registers with a doctor and becomes a private patientC. has access to medical services almost free of chargeD. retires from work in the early sixties8. Which of the following is true?A. unemployment benefit makes people stay idle at homeB. unemployment benefit is supposed to help people pull through a difficult timeC. unemployment benefit is insufficient to keep a family aliveD. unemployment benefit is available to married people only9. In the last paragraph, "they" refers to ________.A. most people in BritainB. national insurance and health schemesC. people's wishesD. improvements to be made10. It can be inferred from the passage that ________.A. a man who is out of work can get a large sum of money from the Job Centre if he is marriedB. all people will retired at the age of 65 in BritainC. doctors themselves do not necessarily have to pay their contributions to the nationalinsurance and health schemesD. the majority of the population favor the social insurance and health schemes Passage 3There will be plenty to talk about when 35 Roman Catholic Archbishops of the U. S. meet with Pope John Paul II at the Vatican this week. The purpose of the gathering, infact, is to clear the air on a number of nettlesome issues, ranging from doctrinal discipline to the role of women in the church, on which the Pontiff and the U. S. prelates do not see eye to eye. By coincidence, one of their most vexing disputes was settled just days earlier, in District of Columbia Superior Court. Judge Frederick Weisberg ruled that the Catholic University of America had every righ tot follow John Paul's dictates by removing from its theology faculty Father Charles Curran, an outspoken professor who questions church policies on birth control, abortion, homosexuality, premarital sex and divorce.Among the U. S.'s 233 Catholic colleges, Curran's former employer is unique. The Catholic University was chartered in 1889 by the papacy, and its theology school grants Vatican-authorized degrees. While most U. S. Catholic universities are run by predominantly lay boards, the school's chancellor is the Archbishop of Washington, and 16 bishops, usually including all active U. S. Cardinals, sit on its 40 member board. Last year the board carried out a 1986 Vatican directive and barred Curran from teaching Catholic theology. Curran, 54, retained tenure but spurned compromise offers to teach nontheological subjects in other departments.The judge ruled that Curran "could not reasonably have expected that the university would defy a definitive judgment by the Holy See that he was 'unsuitable' and 'ineligible' to teach Catholic theology."There was a"direct and unavoidable"conflict, said the court, between academic freedom and the school's fealty (忠效) to the Pope. The university sided with Rome, and"whether that is ultimately good for the university or for the church is something they have a right to decide for themselves."Heartily agreeing, a Vatican official said the"essential issue was the freedom of the church to regulate teaching of theology in its own schools."Curran, who is now teaching theology at the University of Southern California, will file no appeal. Says he:"I'm a free man now, and better for it."It is unclear whether the decision will have a broader effect on Catholic higher education in the U. S. Curan thinks it might, "given the current atmosphere"of John Paul's campaign to clamp down on errant theology teachers in seminaries and universities. But Sister Alice Gallin of the Association of Catholic Colleges and Universities, emphasizes Catholic University's unusual status and expects no spillover effect. She adds, however, that the case is"a warning the faculties must protect academic freedom."11. The purpose of the meeting between the Pope and the US Archbishops is to talk about ________.A. Curran's case.B. some troublesome issues concerning both sidesC. women's role in the churchD. birth control, abortion, homosexuality and divorce12. In what sense is the Catholic University of America unique?A. Its board mainly consists of active US bishops.B. Its board consists of both Vatican and US bishops.C. The head of the school is an archbishop.D. The school grants both Vatican and American degrees.13. Curran was deprived of the right to teach theology in the Catholic University because。