人教版高中英语语法复习资料

语法：是一门研究英语语言构成规律的学科。

词 法 ————语法————句法简单句：在句子中只包含一套主谓结构。

并列句：通常由一个连词连接的并列的句子。

复合句：〖大句套小句〗一气：虚拟语气二词：非谓语动词、情态动词三句：名词性从句、定语从句、状语从句语法非谓语动词一、 在句中不能作谓语的动词叫做非谓语动词 二、 啥样呢？ 1. 不定式：To do 2. 动名词：Doing 3. 分词：DoneEg1. The ocean and seas surrounding the islands are deep blue.围绕着群岛的海洋是深蓝色的Eg2. My mother ordered the homework to be done. ☆☆非谓语动词的宾补，其逻辑主语为前面宾语▲ 方法一：口诀法非谓语，三要点。

变否定，NOT 前。

句法目的结构形容词 名词 数词 代词 动词 介词 副词 感叹词 冠词 连词陈述句 疑问句祈使句 感叹句 简单句复合句并列句 时态、语态 非谓语动词 情态动词词法名词性从句状语从句 定语从句哼哈将，时逻关。

七仙女，记心间。

（一） 变否定（二） 哼哈将 1.动词不定式主动关系 被动关系 一般式To do To be done 完成式 To have done To have been done 进行式 To be doing (To be being done) 完成进行式To have being doing(To havebeen beingdone)▲ 一般式：不定式的动作和谓语动词动作同时发生或在谓语动词之后的动作发生。

AA ：谓语动词B ：不定式▲ 完成式：不定时动作在谓语动词动作之前发生。

AA ：谓语动词B ：不定式Eg3. Jay Chou taught us to sing 黄河大合唱 last night. ▲ 进行式：不定时的动作和谓语动词动作同时正在进行 AA ：谓语动词B ：不定式Eg4. When his mother entered, the boy pretended to be sleeping.▲ 完成进行式：不定时的动作在谓语动词动作之前发生，一直持续到谓语动词动作，到谓语动词动作为止。

不定时的动作有可能刚刚结束，还有可能继续延续下去。

AA ：谓语动词B ：不定式Eg5. Mr. Zhong is said to have been working as a teacher for 10 years.时间关系逻辑关系BBBB BB BB2.动名词 （同时具有动词和名词的双重性质，Doing ）主动关系被动关系 一般式 Doing Being done 完成式Having doneHaving been done▲ 一般式：动名词动作与谓语动词动作同时发生。

AA ：谓语动词B ：动名词☆☆若非谓语动词动作在谓语动词动作之后发生，则通常用“To do ” ▲完成式：动名词动作在谓语动词动作之前发生。

AA ：谓语动词B ：不定式Eg6. She didn ’t acknowledge having received my flowers.Eg7. Xiaoqiang was so lucky that it had just missed being caught. To DoDoing （ 1.固定搭配；2.Eg. mean to do →计划 mean doing →意味着 )☆ ☆某些词(need, demand →要求, deserve →应得, allow, want, worth,require)后，用动名词的主动形式表示被动。

Eg8. The house needs repairing. ※ Be worthy of being done=Be worthy to be doneEg9. Want +to do(想要……) / doing(想要被……)3.分词1）Doing & Done现在分词与过去分词相区分的三大原则a. 现在分词表示动作正在发生 The falling man 过去分词表示已经完成 The fallen manb. 非谓语动词作定语，其逻辑主语就是其所修饰的词The excited man , The exciting man , The exciting film过去分词 现在分词 被动主动Eg10. The amazing man …………（A ）The amazed man …………（B ） A.小丑 B.观众c. 现在分词有时间逻辑上的变化，而过去分词没有主动关系 被动关系 一般式DoingBeing done逻辑关系 时间关系BB一般式时间关系逻辑关系完成式 Having done Having been done☆ ☆三个区分： ~ Done & Being doneDone 已经被 Being done 正在被 ~ Done & Having done~ Done & Having been done 已经被（通常可互换）过去分词更强调一种由始至终的动作，Having been done 更强调分词的动作在谓语动词动作之前发生Eg11. English is a language spoken all over the world.Eg12. Having best shown to the library, we were taken to the restaurant.2)独立主格 自己的 主语Eg13. She was standing behind the door with a book in her hand. 独立主格：（两大语法功能）a. 具有自己本身的逻辑主语，这个主语不是句子中真正的主语b. 独立主格结构在整个句子中充当状语adj.adv.介词短语不定式 Doing →主动 Done →被动 Eg14. The job __A__, we went straight home. A. finished B. finishing C. had finished D. was finished（三） 七仙女非谓语主语宾语介词 宾语 宾语 补足语状语定语表语不定式 动名词 分词逻辑主语本身 通常是句子本身主语通常是句子本身主语宾语 句子本身主语 所修饰的词通常是句子本身主语1) 作主语区分▲ Dong 更强调经常性、习惯性动作To do 更强调一次性动作 Doing —To do 转换Eg15. Smoking is harmful to our health.It is / was+adj./n./done+for/of+sb/sth+to do ……（To do 做真正主语）句意 将来 （With ）+n.(逻辑主语)+ 七仙女It is / was+no good/use+doing2) 作宾语区分like/love/hate/prefer+to do+doing(To do 更强调一次性动作；Doing 更强调经常性、习惯性动作) Eg16. I like dancing but I don ’t like to dance with you now. (见例)To do 表将来， Doing 表事已做过 Eg17. RememberForgetRegret▲ 方法二：讲故事法Eg18. mean+to do/doing Stop/go on+to do/doing3) 作介词宾语区分 prep.+doingEg19. On being introduced to strangers British people often shake hands. prep+疑问词+to doEg20. Xiaoqiang always gives me some advice on how to express my feelings. Look forward to doing 盼望着做某事 Be used to doingBe accustomed to doing Devote oneself / one ’s life to doing Can ’t help but do = Have to doUsed to do 过去习惯做某事（表示现在不干了） Am/is/are used to doing 现在习惯于做某事 Be used to do 被用来作为……Was/were used to do 过去被用来做某事（不强调现在）4) 作宾语补足语区分 ask sb to do sth.感官动词：see, look at, watch, notice, observe, hear, listen to, smell, taste, feelEg21. do 看见某人做某事（整个过程） doing 看见某人正在做某事being done 看见某人正在被……done 看见某人被 使役动词→“使”（共四个） Let, Get, Make, Have Eg22. Let sb doGet sb to do(主) / done(被) I can ’t get the car start.To do 表将来 Doing 已做过的事 习惯于做某事 See sbMake sb do(主) / done(被)Be made to doHave to do / doneHave sth to do注意：区分have意思Eg23. – Excuse me, where is Room 301/– Just a minute. I’ll have Bob show you your room.5)作状语区分句子， (状语)非谓语动词成分不定式作状语通常表示目的、结果、程度常译为“为了……”分词作状语通常表示伴随、条件、方式、原因Eg24. Seeing from the FHS, we’ve got a wonderful view.Eg25. The storm left, having caused a lot of damage to this area.☆☆常用搭配：1.To tell you the truth, …2.too…to…3.only to…(通常引出意想不到的结果)4.Lift a stone only to drop on his own feet.5.enough to…足以……6.generally speaking 通常情况下说7.judging from / by6)作定语区分不定式通常放在被修饰词之后，用来表示一次性或将来的动作动名词通常放在被修饰词之前，用来表示被修饰词的性质、特征、用途 分词既可放在被修饰词之前，又可放在被修饰词之后，通常表示一个动作；现在分词表示主动或一种持续状态；过去分词表被动7)作表语区分系动词：Like, get, come, see, smell…不定式通常具有名词性质，用来表示主语所具有的内容，更强调一次性或将来的动作 动名词通常具有名词性质，用来表示主语所具有的内容，更强调经常性、习惯性动作 分词通常具有形容词性质，用来表示主语所具有的兴趣和特性 Eg26. My job is feeding / to feed pigs.名词性从句一、通常由一个引导词引导的一个小句具有名词的性质，在整个大句中充当一个成分（主、宾、表、同位、补） ▲ 主语从句 ▲ 宾语从句▲ 同位语从句▲ 表语从句▲ 补语从句二、1.引导词分类 引导词 词形 词义从句中充当的成分省略连 接 词 That主、同位不可省；表、宾可省Whether 是 联想谐音记头法（千万孤独）If 否 连 接 代 词特指（泛指）Who(ever)谁 主、表Whom(ever) 谁 宾 What(ever) 什么 主、宾、表 Which(ever) 哪一个 主、宾、定Whose(ever)谁的定☆有选择项用“Which ”,没有选择项用“What ” ☆“Whose ”必须和后面名词同时省略连 接 副 词When(ever) 时间Where(ever)地点 Why 原因 How(ever)方式、程度Eg27. This is what I like. ▲找查原则找从句 查成分Eg28. This is where I run1.（Whoever comes here ）knows him.2. We all know that he can fly.3. The news that he succeeded in the end is well-know.4. The problem is that he always eats a lot.5. We are sure (that) he will go to the moon to date Sister Chang ’e .考 点语时俱进引导词“猪头”不省状语vi.析： S+谓（eg. I ran ）S+谓+（介+宾）/状 Eg29. Mary wrote an article on (why the team had failed to win the match ).2.语时俱进1）语序：疑问句在从句中要按正常语序排列（疑问词+S+谓） 2）时态：要保持一致▲Whether 与If主语从句、表语从句、同位语从句中通常用Whether 介词后，不定式前，通常用Whether “Whether or not ”与“If ”不可互换 “Whether …or not ”与“If ”可互换4. 常见考点 1） 主语从句放在句前，主句谓语动词用单数 固定搭配It is / was +adj./n./done +that 从句 It seems /happens + that …Eg30. Which way you turn is up to you. 2） 表语从句As As if As though BecauseEg31. He looks as if he were drunk.The reason … is /was + that …It is /was + the reason + why … (定语从句) Because 那是因为 Why 那就是…的原因 Eg32. It is because he has just broken up with his girl friend. 3） 宾语从句 S + vt. + OS + vi. + prep + OS + v (tell, teach, give, show, make, send) + O + O Eg33. Our thoughts make us what we are. 思想塑造人 S + 谓 + it + adj. + that 从句/to do疑 + do you think /suppose + 从句主语 + 从句谓语 + 其它 客观真理一般现在时 4） 同位语从句通常由that 引导，放在某些固定的名词（plan, idea, news, fact, hope …）之后 n.= that … (同位语从句用来解释说明前面的名词所具有的内容)Eg34. The news that she had received the flowers was true.(同位语从句) The news that she had heard was true.(定语从句)Run →vi 正如 似乎好像 因为 虚拟语气It / That / This + is /was +定语从句Eg35. I saw a flying pig in the sky.→ I saw a pig which was flying in the sky.一．关系代词&关系副词▲“三板斧”原则1.砍逗号That, but, why不引导非限制性定语从句2.砍先行词（人、物、时间、地点、原因）3.砍成份（定语从句中缺少的成分→主语、宾语、介词宾语、状语、定语）引导词词形先行词从句中充当的成分范围关系代词Who 1.人（含人名）2.拟人的物3.all, those等,指人时4.集合名词表个体时（people,police,team,class,enemy,committee, group）1.主语2.宾语（口语中）限&非限Whom （同上） 1.宾语（可省略）2.介词宾语限&非限☆prep + whom, whom不可省略☆prep +whom, whom可以省略ThatEg. The girl that/--- /whom Iwrote a letter tois…1.人2.物3.人和物（sb.+sth.）4.不定代词5.先行词被最高级序数词（only, very,all, few,many, much,1.主语2.宾语（可省）3.介词宾语☆prep不能放在that前且可以省略限关系代词关系副词That WhyWhich WhereWho WhenWhom (But)WhoseAs分类little等）修饰Which 1.物2.集合名词表物3.句子4.不明性别的婴儿1.主语2.宾语(可省)3.介词宾语限&非限☆prep + which, 介词宾语不可省☆prep + which,介词宾语可省Whose 1.人2.物定语限&非限☆必须和后面的名词同时出现☆Whose = n.+ of + whom /whichEg The Northern Island is famous for the area ofhot spring, some of which are throw…into the sky.Eg. New Zealand has population of about 3.1million people of which 14 percent are Maoris.☆关系代词或关系副词要尽量靠近先行词ButEg.There’s nobody but has his faults. 1.人2.物☆主句变否定句☆But = who not= that not主语限AsAs we all know /expectSuch /That + n. + thatAs often happens 1.人2.物3.整句1.主语2.宾语3.表语4.状语限&非限☆As VS Which1.Which 不能放在整句句首2.As 要多译一个“正如”关系副Where=prep + which1.地点2.时间3.原因状语限&非限When=prep + which1.地点2.时间3.原因状语限&非限词 Why =for which1. 地点2. 时间3. 原因 状语 限二． 定从中的主谓一致1. 定从中的谓语动词取决于先行词（先行词为单数，谓语动词为单数）2. which & as 若替代整个句子的句意，则定从中的谓语动词用单数3. 若先行词为one of the + n.(pl.), 则谓语动词用复数；若先行词为the only one of the + n.(pl.), 则谓语动词用单数三． “限制性定语从句”与“非限制性定语从句”的区分Eg36. Xiao Qiang, who lives in Beijing, is my brother.Xiao Qiang who lives in Beijing is my brother.1.“，”逗号2. 限制性定语从句只能用来限制、修饰先行词，不能省略，通常放在先行词前，与主句译为一句；非限制性定语从句起补充说明作用，通常可省略，翻译时与主句译为两句。