高中人教版英语必修五课本答案

高中人教版英语必修五课本答案教材练习答案及听力原文Unit 1WARMING UPAnswers:1 Archimedes, Ancient Greek (287-212 BC) He was a mathematician. He found that if you put an object into water the water pushes the object up. It rises and partly floats. The force of the water pushing it up is the same as the weight of the object.2 Charles Darwin, British (1808-1882) The Origin of Species was published in 1859. It explained how plants and animals had changed over time to fit in with a changing environment. At the time it was published it was very controversial. Many people believed the Bible when it said that God made the first two people (Adam and Eve) and that all other people came from these two. Darwin’s book showed that people had developed from apes instead. So this caused a lot of argument between religious and scientific people. However Darwin’s idea became very influential and is still acceptedtoday.3 Thomas Newcomen, British (1663-1729) He improved the first steam pump built by Thomas Savery in 1698 and turned it into a steam engine for taking water out of mines in 1712. James Watt improved it still further in the 1770s turning it into the first modern steam engine used on the railways.4 Gregor Mendel, Czech (1822-1884) He grew pea plants and developed ideas on heredity and inherited characteristics. He concentrated on cross-fertilising pea plants and analyzing theresults. Between 1856-1863 he grew 28,000 pea plants. He examined seven kinds of seed and plant characteristics and developed some laws of inheritance. The first is that inheritance factors do not combine but are passed to the next generation intact. Second, he found that each partner gives half the inherited factors to the young. Third, some of these factors show up in the offspring (and so are dominant). The other factors are masked by the dominant ones (and so are recessive).5 Marie Curie, Polish and French (1867-1934) She was born in Poland and came to study in France in 1891 and she lived there for the rest of her life. In 1898 she discovered radium. She received two Nobel prizes, one (with Pierre Curie) for physics (1903) and one for chemistry (1911). She is the only person to have been so honoured. On the death of her husband she took over his job at the Sorbonne in Paris. Her work on radioactivity and the discovery of radium meant that she began a new scientific area of research. She was the first woman to receive a Nobel Prize and the first woman to teach at the Sorbonne.6 Thomas Edison, American (1847-1931) He was already an inventor of other electricaldevices (phonograph, electric light bulb) when in 1882 he designed a system for providing New York with electricity from a central power station. This was a tremendous achievement, which had previously been thought impossible.7 Leonardo da Vinci, Italian (1452-1519) He was a famous artist whose skill for showing human skin tones made his paintings seem to come alive. He used to study dead people in order to make his paintings as accurate as possibile. Some of his famous paintings include “The Adoration of the Magi” and the “The Last Supper”. Later in his life he lived in France where hedesigned a submarine and a flying machine.8 Sir Humphry Davy, British (1778-1829) He did research into different gases and discovered the medicinal value of nitrous oxide (or laughing gas) as an anaesthetic. In 1815 he developed a safety lamp for miners. Previously there had been many accidents when candles on the miners’ helmets had exploded when it came into contact with underground gas from the coal the miners were digging. The safety helmet made working underground very much safer.9 Zhang Heng, Chinese (78-139) He invented the first seismograph to indicate in the direction of an earthquake. It was in the shape of a cylinder with eight dragon heads round the top, each with a ball in its mouth. Around the bottom were eight frogs directly under a dragon’s head. When an earthquake occurred,a ball fell out of the dragon’s mouth, making a noise.10 Stephen Hawking, British (1942-) He has worked in astronomy and studied black holes in space. He has shown that black holes do not only absorb everything around them but, from time to time, throw out matter as well. This may mark the beginning ofnew galaxies. This is an advance on the old theory which said that black holes “eat” everything they come across.COMPREHENDINGAnswer key for Exercise 1:1 An outbreak of cholera hit London in 1854.2 John Snow began to test two theories.3 John Snow investigated two streets where the outbreak was very severe.4 John Snow marked the deaths on a map.5 He found that most of the deaths were near a water pump.6 He had the handle removed from the water pump.7 He announced that the water carried the disease.8 King Cholera was defeated.Answer key for Exercise 2:1 John Snow finally proved his idea because he found an outbreak that was clearly related to cholera, collected information and was able to tie cases outside the area to the polluted water.2 No. The map helped John Snow organize his ideas. He was able to identify those households that had had many deaths and check their water-drinking habits. He identified those houses that had had no deaths and surveyed their drinking habits. The evidence clearly pointed to the polluted water being the cause.3 Three diseases, which are similar today, are SARS, AIDS and bird flu, because they are serious, have an unknown cause and need public health care to solve them.Sample summary for Exercise 3:John Snow wanted to find the cause of cholera. He believed that people became ill after eating infected food. He used the next outbreak of cholera to test his idea. He studied a small area of houses which got their water from the same pump. Many people in the area died. John Snow showed that this was because the water in the pump was infected. He showed that cholera could be defeated if people drank clean water. LEARNING ABOUT LANGUAGEDiscovering useful words and expressionsSuggested answers to Exercise 1:1 victim2 physician3 analyse4 defeat5 challenge6 enquiry7 pump 8 blame 9 absorb10 link...toAnswer key for Exercise 2:1 severe2 suspected3 exposed4 experts5 cure6 foresaw7 concluded 8 announced 9 attendedAnswer key for Exercise 3:make a suggestion make a decisionmake a plan make a contributionmake a speech make a noisemake a change make a descriptionmake an investigationSome possible examples for Exercise 4:1 The teacher asked us not to make faces in class.2 I tried to make friends with my neighbour but he was too old and did not want to talk to me.3 The best way to make money is to study hard and gain good qualifications.4 I didn’t like them to collect me in their car so I made my way to the restaurant on foot by myself.5 I’m too tired to make dinner, so I decid e to eat out.6 Before you pay for that new car make sure it has a guarantee, which will protect you against any problems duringthe first year.7 Don’t make up your mind about buying that house till you have seen a few more.8 When you leave your flat in the morning, it looks tidier if you make the bed before you go.9 I have tried to make room for her on that course but there are just too many people already attending it.Discovering useful structuresSome possible answers for Exercise 1:1 ...when he thought about helping ordinary people exposed to cholera.(attribute)2 He immediately told the astonished people in Broad Street to remove the handle from the pump.(attribute)3 He became interested in two theories.(pre-dicative)4 Neither its cause, nor its cure was under-stood.(predicative)Answer key for Exercise 2:Past Participle as the Attribute (1) Past Participle as the Attribute (2)1 terrified people 1 people terrified of (cholera)2 reserved seats 2 seats reserved by...3 polluted water 3 water polluted by...4 a crowded room 4 a room crowded with...5 a pleased winner 5 a winner pleased with...6 astonished children 6 children astonished at/by...7 a broken vase 7 a vase broken by...8 a closed door 8 a door closed by...9 the tired audience 9 the audience tired of...10 a trapped animal 10 an animal trapped in/by...Answer key for Exercise 3:1 blamed/upset2 tired3 disappointed4 shocked/depressed5 excited6 infectedUSING LANGUAGE。