Amplification 增词法功能用法详细介绍.
Amplification 增词法功能用法详细介绍
• At the meeting he made a speech – eloquent and energetic. • 他在会上发表了讲话 – 很动听，很有力。 • Tess is queer. • 苔丝的脾气可古怪呢。 • She is not born for wifing and mothering. • 她这个人不是做贤妻良母的料子。
2.2 Amplification for the Clarity of Meaning( 为了意义上的需要）
1) For the Sake of Collocation (搭配的需要）
• For example: • Marco quickly learned that language and custom of the Chinese. • 马可很快学会了中国人的语言，适应了中 国人的风俗习惯。 • He d a closing speech.
• 2) Amplification by supplying words to convey the concept of plurality, tense and voice（增加表示复数概念及时体语气 的词） • For example: • Britain’s railway system is being improved. • 英国的铁路系统正日益完善。 • English prose is elaborate rather than simple. It was not always so. • 现今英国散文华巧而欠简朴，过去却并非 如此。
• He doubtlessly expected hugs, tablefuls of food, tears, laughter, and conversation followed by more conversation, then hugs and more hugs all over again, without end. • 毫无疑问，他以为会有热烈的拥抱，满 桌的食物，激动的泪水， 欢乐的笑声， 一段接一段的谈话，一次又一次的拥抱， 没完没了。
商务英语翻译之增减词
3.汉语没有冠词，所以英译汉时冠词常常省略。当 英语中的“冠词the+名词”或者“冠词a/an+名词” 表示泛指时，该冠词往往不翻译成汉语；但如果冠 词是表示特指，就必须将冠词翻译成汉语。（冠词 的省略） • The moon was slowly rising above the sea. • 月亮慢慢从海上升起。 • The Buyers may, within 15 days after arrival of the goods at the destination, lodge a claim against the sellers for short weight being supported by Inspection Certificate issued by a reputable public surveyor. • 货物抵达目的港后15天内，买方可以凭享有信誉的 公共检验员出示的检验证明向卖方提出短重索赔。
商务英语翻译
Business English Translation
增词法 、 减词法、 重复翻译法 Amplification. Omission倩、许億、叶曦、洪亮 May.2012
一、增词法 Amplification
1.为了语法上的需要而增词
• 时态要求 汉语表示时态的词：着， 了，过等 We stressed the necessity of shipping our order so that it may reach us by May 30. 本公司曾经强调，我方所 订货物必须于5月30日之 前运抵我方。 • 补充原文因语法省略的词 Better be wise by the defeat of others than by your own. 从别人的失败中吸取教训 比从自己的失败中吸取教 训更好
英文翻译技巧之Amplification(增益法)
Amplification , also called addition, means supplying necessary words in our translation on the basis of accurate comprehension of the original. As a matter of principle, a translator is not supposed to add any meaning to or subtract any meaning from the original work. However, this does not mean that a translator should refrain from supplying necessary words to make his/her version both accurate in meaning and in keeping with the idiomatic use of the language to be translated into. In fact, it is precisely for the purpose of “faithful representation” of the thought of the author that we often resort to “amplification”. This is because English and Chinese are two entirely different languages and each has its own historical and cultural background. Besides, many ideas, idiomatic expressions and shorthand words, etc. That are well understood in the country of their origin can hardly make sense to people abroad. Therefore, it is unimaginable for a translator to stick to the orginal pattern without alteration.Ⅰ. Amplification in English-Chinese Translation1.Amplification by Supplying Words Omitted in the Original"if so grand, why so poor? If so poor, why so grand?" “既然那么阔，干吗要叫穷？既然那么穷，干吗摆阔气？”·Matter can be changed into energy, and energy into matter. 物质可以转化为能，能也可以转化为物质。
amplification and omission
Amplification（增词法）定义：根据上下文的意思、逻辑关系以及目的语的表达习惯，增加词汇，以表达原文文字字面出现但实际已经包含的意思。
Syntactic Amplification1.量词增加量词：英语中数词与可数名词直接连用，他们之间没有量词，而汉语必须借助量词，因此，翻译时需要增加量词。
• This was a complete lie.•那是一派胡言。
•They had a fight.•他们打了一架。
• A red sun rose slowly from the calm sea•一轮红日从风平浪静的海面冉冉升起。
2.时间词由于英汉语言的差异，英语动词随时态的变化而变化，而汉语动词没有词形的变化，但有时为了表达的需要和准确性，需要增加一些表示时间的词如：曾，曾经，已经，过了，了，那时，此时，当时，在，正在, 着，将，将要，就要，就会，便等。
• 1. I was his boss, but now he is mine.•曾经我是他的上司，但现在他是我的上司。
• 2. They say his father was a fisherman. He used to be as poor as we are。
•他们说他爸爸从前是个打渔的。
他过去也和我们一样穷。
•The show will be open to the public at 2 pm.•展览将于下午2点对公众开放.3. 语气助词汉语当中有很多语气助词，吧，呢，啊，呀，嘛，啦，了，在翻译时，需要在准确理解原文意义和修辞色彩的基础上增加适当的语气词。
•As for her, she did not love him from the very beginning.•她呢，从一开始就没爱过他•―Don’t take it so seriously, I just make fun of you.‖ A girl said to her boyfriend.•―不要当真嘛，我不过是在跟你开玩笑嘛‖。
文字增益法(Amplification)
2）在形容词前面增补名词 He is young but ambitious. 他人小志大。 She was small and slight, pale, but very beatiful. 她身量瘦小，面色苍白，但模样到很漂亮。 Though, very likely, the heroic character which ladies admire is a more glorious and beautiful object than the kind, fresh, smiling, artless, tender little domestic goddes,whom men are inclined to worship.
6.增补概括词 汉语在罗列了两个以上的事物之后，往往在后 面加上概括词，如“二人”、“双方”、 “等”。
Proteins are composed of carbon,hydrogen,oxgen and nitrogen. 蛋白质是由碳、氢、氧、氮四种元素组成的。 China and Canada have reached an understanding on the exchange of returened students. 中加双方就互派留学生问题达成了谅解。
3.增补形容词（诠释性增补，修辞性增补）
Courage is the thing. All goes if courage goes. 勇气是最重要的东西。丧失了勇气，就失去了一切。 We need time to make preparations for the project. 我们要做好工程的准备工作需要一些时日。
The first and the hardest task of the new government was to deal with the ever-growing unemployment. 新政府最紧迫、最艰巨的任务是解决日益增加的失业 问题。 Under the leadership of the CPC, the chinese people have suceeded in their liberation. 在中国共产党的领导下，中国人民完成了解放事业。
dfs_service_增译法(amplification)2
汉译英增词技巧的运用:一、增添必要的代词、物主代词英语代词的使用率、复现率都大大高于汉语。
因为英语重“形合”，代词的指代意义往往通过词汇、语法的表现形式而得到固定；而汉语重“意合”，其指代关系不言而喻，在很大程度上取决于话题的内容，其表现手段要么省略，要么重复使用前面已出现过的名词，而省略掉的成分往往需读者自己通过上下文去把握。
1. 来信收到，十分高兴。
I am very glad to have received your letter.2. 你好像言行不一。
It seems that your conduct disagrees with your words.3. 三思而后行！Think before you act!4. 没有调查，就没有发言权。
He who makes no investigation has no right to speak.5. 别把手搁在口袋里。
Don’t put your hands in your pockets.试译下列各句：1. 怕要下雨了。
I am afraid it is going to rain.2. 站得高，看得远。
Stand high and you’ll see far.3. 她用手蒙住脸，好像是为了保护眼睛。
She covered her face with her hands, as if to protect her eyes.二、增添必要的动词（大多为系动词）汉语的句子没有主语、没有谓语的情况很常见。
汉语的名词除了作主语、宾语和定语之外，还可以作谓语和状语；形容词除了作定语和表语之外，还可以作谓语。
因此汉译英时，在很多情况下，需要添加必要的动词。
1. 小姑娘的脸红了。
The little girl’s face turned red.2. 天高云淡。
The sky is high and the clouds are pale.3. 这孩子大眼睛，高鼻梁。
翻译增词法(amplification)
语义性增补（semantic amplification）
为了使语义明确，畅达通顺，符合汉语的习惯，翻译中常常根 据意义的需要增加动词、名词、形容词、副词、量词、范畴词、 概括词，以及表示名词的负数、动词时态等方面的词。
1.Mary washed for a living after her husband died of acute pneumonia.
码丽在丈夫患急性肺炎去世后，靠给人洗衣服维持生活。
2。When I came to I was in the water, swimming automatically, though I was about two thirds drowned.
当我醒来时，发觉自己在水里，虽然浸得半死，却本能地 浮着。
毫无疑问，他以为会有热烈的拥抱，满桌的食物，激动的泪水， 欢乐的笑声，一段接一段的谈话，一次又一次的拥抱，没完没 了。（增加了三个形容词，形象描绘了他想象中的欢乐场景， 使表达更加生动）
2。The sky is clear blue now the sun has flung diamonds down on meadow and bank and wood. 此时已是万里蓝天，太阳把颗颗光彩夺目的钻石洒向草原，洒 向河岸，洒向树林。（增补形容词）
英语中常用省略句，翻译时要根据汉语的表达习惯，作些适当的增 补。
Any person not putting litter in this basket will be liable to a fine of $ 5. 任何不把凌乱的东西放入这个筐内而任意乱扔的人将被处以五美圆 罚款。（增补any person后省略的leaving litter about instead of这一部分。）
翻译常用之八大技amplification
* I had imagined it to be merely a gesture of affection, but it seems it is to smell the lamb and make sure that it is her own. (Ann Blackmore, Lambing Time) 我原以为这不过是表示亲昵,但现在看来，这是为了闻一闻羊羔的味道，来断定 羊羔是不是自己生的。 (Attention: tense in English needs to be added by adverbs to show different time in Chinese.) The English language is in very good shape. It is changing in its own undiscoverable way, but it is not going rotten like a plum dropping off a tree. * To attract foreign investment, the United States must offer higher interest rate, adding to domestic borrowing and financing costs, which boost inflation. 为了吸引外资，美国必须提供较高的利率，而这样就会加重内债和金融开支，最终 导致通货膨胀。 （Attention: for logic purpose of the sentence; to show relationship between the elements of the sentence.) The strongest man cannot alter the law of nature.
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1) For the Sake of Collocation (搭配的需要）
• For example:
• Marco quickly learned that language and custom of the Chinese.
• 马可很快学会了中国人的语言，适应了中
国人的风俗习惯。
• He dismissed the meeting without a closing speech.
• As a matter of principle , a translator is not supposed to add any meaning to or subtract any meaning from the original work. However, this does not mean that a translator should refrain from supplying necessary words to make his or her version both accurate in meaning and in keeping with idiomatic use of the language to be translated into. In fact it is precisely for the purpose of “faithful representation” of the thought of the author that we often resort to “amplification”.
concerts and the table tennis exhibition,
he would work on the drafting of the
final communiqué.
•
晚上在参加宴会、出席音乐会、观
看乒乓球表演以后，他还得起草最后公
报。
2）For the Sake of Logic or Coherence（逻辑连贯的需要）
• When I came to I was in the water, swimming automatically, though I was about two thirds drowned.
• 当我清醒过来时，发觉自己在水里，虽然
浸的半死，却本能地浮着。
• He doubtlessly expected hugs, tablefuls of food, tears, laughter, and conversation followed by more conversation, then hugs and more hugs all over again, without end.
• ---- Amplification by supplying connective words.
• For example: • Past retirement age, Dr. Masefield is as
vigorous as ever.
• 虽然已过了退休的年龄，可梅斯菲尔德
博士仍和以前一样精力充沛。
• Britain’s railway system is being improved.
• 英国的铁路系统正日益完善。
• English prose is elaborate rather than simple. It was not always so.
• 现今英国散文华巧而欠简朴，过去却并非
1. Definition
• Amplification, also called addition, means supplying necessary words in translation on the basis of accurate comprehension of the original.
• Reports of new success keep pouring in.
• 捷报频传。
3) Amplification by Supplying Words
Omitted in the Original (增添原文所省略的词语）
---- Matter can be changed into energy, and energy into matter.
Some abstract nouns are derived from
verbs or adjectives, so in translation we may amplify proper nouns to make the meaning clearer. For example:
Darkness 漆黑一团 Backwardness 落后状态； 落后面貌
• （增添量词）
• For example:
• a horse 一匹马 • a car 一辆小轿车 • a plane 一架飞机
• To the east and south a faint pink is spreading.
• 东南方呈现一抹浅红，正在向远方扩展。
• It was also a limited engagement.
• 他没有致闭幕词就宣布会议结束。
• After the basketball match, he still has an important conference.
• 看完篮球比赛之后，他还有一个重要会议 要参加。
• What a leader he was!
• 他真是一个出类拔萃的领袖啊！
• In the evening , after the banquets, the
• This is because English and Chinese are two entirely different languages and each has its own historical and cultural background. Therefore, many ideas, idiomatic expressions and shortened words etc. that are well understood in the country of their origin can hardly make any sense to people abroad .In this case it is unimaginable for a translator to stick to the original pattern without alternation and consequently amplification is adopted in dealing with such occasions.
• 不要在过冷，过热，灰尘过重，湿度过大
的情况下使用电脑。
• ---- Ignorance is the mother of fears as well as of admiration.
• Heated , water will change into vapor.
• 水如受热，就会汽化。
• Theory is something, but practice is everything.
• 理论固然重要，实践尤其重要。
• For mistakes have been made, bad ones.
• The Americans and Japanese conducted a completely secret exchange of message.
• 美日双方在完全保密的情况下互相交换了信件。
• The thesis summed up the new achievements made in electronic computers , artificial satellites and rockets.
• 这也是一桩有时间限制的婚约。
• It was a nova!
• 这是一颗新星！
• 2) Amplification by supplying words to convey the concept of plurality, tense and voice（增加表示复数概念及时体语气 的词）
• For 抱，满 桌的食物，激动的泪水， 欢乐的笑声， 一段接一段的谈话，一次又一次的拥抱，
没完没了。
• At the meeting he made a speech – eloquent and energetic.
• 他在会上发表了讲话 – 很动听，很有力。
• Tess is queer.
• 论文总结了电子计算机，人造卫星和火箭三方 面的新成就。
2.3 Amplification for the Sake of Rhetoric(为了修辞上的需要）
1）Amplification by Repetition（重复性增词）
• ---- Avoid using this computer in extreme cold, heat, dust, or humidity.
因为已经犯下了许多错误，而且还是很糟的错误。
• ---- Amplification by supplying necessary verbs, adjectives, adverbs or even nouns to make the meaning clearer.
• For example:
2. Amplification in EnglishChinese Translation
2.1 Amplification for the Sake of Grammar(为了语法上的需要）
• 1) Amplification by Supplying Necessary Measure Words