英语阅读理解——主旨大意_大集合

2011届英语阅读理解专练主旨大意题A.设题方式①.考查文章的中心思想The main idea/key point of this passage is that_____.The passage is mainly about __.From the passage we can learn/conclude that_________.Which of the following statements best expresses the main idea of the passage②.考查文章标题的选择The best title/headline for this passage is_________.Which of the following is the best titleWhat would be the best title for the textThe title that best expresses the ideas of this passage is_________.③.考查作者的写作态度和意图What is the author’s main purpose in this passageThe writer’s purpose in writing this story is____.In the passage the author wants to tell___.The writer’s attitude toward ... is___.B.干扰项特点①. 以偏概全。

干扰项只阐述了文章的一部分内容，也就是文章的局部信息。

②. 断章取义。

干扰项常常以文章中的个别信息或个别字眼作为选项的设置内容，或者以次要的事实或细节冒充全文的主要观点。

③. 主题扩大。

干扰项所归纳、概括的范围过大，超过文章实际所讨论的内容。

④. 张冠李戴。

命题者有意地把属于A的特征放在B的身上，构成一个干扰项。

考生不注意的情况下，会造成错选答案。

⑤. 无中生有或似是而非。

有的干扰项中的关键词语好像在文章中谈到了，但认真分析之后你会发现这类干扰项的内容与文章的内容毫无联系。

C.解题指导1.分清主次，抓住主干，找出主题句。

主题句是归纳表达文章中心思想的句子,它的出现有四种情况:1）主题句在开头｡主题句出现在段落或文章的开头部分,起着开宗明义､点明主题的作用,它可以使读者一开始就明白文章所讲的内容主旨｡而支撑句则使用一些具体的人、物、数字或具体的步骤来阐述或论证主题，常伴有 for example\ . \that is \first\ second \ finally \once \another time \for one thing 等词。

2）主题句在结尾｡用归纳法写的文章,其结构是表述细节的句子放在前面,概述性的句子放在后面,并以此而结尾,所以结尾的句子起着总结归纳､画龙点睛的作用，多伴有so \therefore\thus \in short\ as a result\that is why 等词。

3）考生可以快速浏览每段首尾两句来确定每段的主题句，从而确定文章的主题句。

【考例分析1】Every day we experience one of the wonders of the world around us without even realizing it. It is not the amazing complexity of television. Nor the impressive technology of transport. The universal wonder we share and experience is our ability to make noises with our mouths, and so transmit ideas and thoughts to each other‘s minds. This ability comes so naturally that we tend to forget what a miracle（奇迹）it is.75. This passage is mainly about_________. （2010·江西卷·E -节选自文章第一段）A. the development of body languageB. the special role humans play in natureC. the power to convey information to othersD. the difference between humans and animals in language use【考例分析2】My few minutes with Mr. Galbreath changed my life. Now I try to treat everyone with respect, no matter who I think they are, and no matter another human being with kindness and sincerity.59. What is the message mainly expressed in the story （2010年重庆卷A篇-节选自文章最后一段）A. We should learn to be generous.B. It is honorable to help those in need.C. People in high positions are not like what we expect.D. We should avoid judging people by their appearances.【考例分析3】We often don’t remember things as well when we’re trying to manage several details at the same time. Without mental focus, we may not pay enough attention to new information coming in, so it never makes it into our memory stores. That is one of the main reasons we forget people’s names---even sometimes right after they have introduced themselves. Multitasking can also affect our relationships. If someone checks their e-mail while on the phone with a friend, they may come off as absent-minded or disinterested. It can also cause that person to miss or overlook key information being passed on to them.52. What is the main idea of the passage （2010年浙江卷C篇-节选自文章最后一段）A. Multitasking has become a way of life.B. Multitasking often leads to efficiency decline.C. Multitasking exercises need to be improved.D. Multitasking enables people to remember things better.4）值得注意的是:有些文章和段落无明显的主题句,只是暗示性地体现主题｡这就要求考生在阅读过程中,根据文章中所叙述的事实或提供的线索来概括和总结文章的大意｡2.理清层次关系,，选出最佳标题标题是文章中心思想的精练表达,多为一个名词词组，短小明了,函盖性强｡做这类题目时,要在阅读全文的基础上,把握好层次关系。

注意选项的归纳范围要恰如其分,干扰项往往是局部信息，是某一小节或文章里的某一句。

所以我们在解题时要反复推敲，把概括范围过窄或过宽的选项过滤掉。

【考例分析4】When you’re lying on the white sands of the Mexican Riviera, the stresses(压力) of the world seem a million miles away. Hey, stop! This is no vacation-you have to finish something!49. What would be the best title for the text （2010年全国卷II B篇-节选自文章第一段）A．Adventures in Travel Writing B．Working as a Food CriticC．Travel Guides on the Market D．Vacationing for a Living【考例分析5】Too much TV-watching can harm children’s ability to learn and even reduce their chances of getting a college degree, new studies suggest in the latest effort to examine the effects of television on children.67. What would be the best title for this text （2010年辽宁卷C篇-节选自文章第一段）A. Computers or TelevisionB. Effects of Television on ChildrenC. Studies on TV and College EducationD. Television and Children's Learning Habits【考例分析6】To err is human. To blame the other guy is even more human.Common sense is not all that common.Why tell the truth when you can come up with a good excuseThese three popular misquotes(戏谑的引语)are meant to be jokes, and yet they tell us a lot about human nature . To err, or to make mistakes, is indeed a part of being human, but it seems that most people don’t want to accept the responsibility for the problem. Perhaps it is the natural thing to do. The original quote about human nature went like this:” To err is human, to forgive, divine(神圣的). ”This saying mirrors an ideal: people should be forgiving of others’ mistakes. Instead, we tend to do the opposite –find someone else to pass the blame on to. However, taking responsibility for something that went wrong is a making of great maturity.55. What would be the best title for his passage （2010年天津卷D篇-节选自文章第一部分）A. A Mirror of Human NatureB. To Blame or to ForgiveC. A Mark of MaturityD. Truth or Excuse3.抓住关键词，判断作者意图作者在描述事实或传递信息时,不管他的意图是什么,其观点和态度都不可避免地在文章中反映出来｡常见的涉及到作者态度的词有褒义类词（approving, positive, optimistic,等），贬义类词(critical, pessimistic, doubtful, questioning)和中性类词(indifferent, serious, objective, concerned, neutral)。