呼吸系统-英文版PPT课件
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呼吸系统(英文版) PPT-
The nasopharynx is the fist division, and it is nearest to the nasal cavities. It contains the adenoids, which are masses of lymphatic tissue. The adenoids (also known as the pharyngeal tonsils) are more prominent in children, and if enlarged, they can obstruct air passageways.
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New words
咽
nasopharynx 鼻咽 oropharynx 口咽 laryngopharynx喉咽 pharyngeal 咽的 hypopharyngeal 下咽的
throat 咽喉 adenoid 腺样体
adeno-
adenoma
adenocarcinoma
adenovirus
Responsibilities of respiratory system
Respiration = exchange of gases between body and air
Provides oxygen to body cells for energy Removes carbon dioxide from body cells
tonsil 扁桃体
pharyngeal ~
palatine ~
palatine 腭的 larynx 喉 esophagus 食道 vocal cord 声带 vibrate震动 deterrent 妨碍物 flap 皮瓣 epiglottis 会厌 10
9
New words
咽
nasopharynx 鼻咽 oropharynx 口咽 laryngopharynx喉咽 pharyngeal 咽的 hypopharyngeal 下咽的
throat 咽喉 adenoid 腺样体
adeno-
adenoma
adenocarcinoma
adenovirus
Responsibilities of respiratory system
Respiration = exchange of gases between body and air
Provides oxygen to body cells for energy Removes carbon dioxide from body cells
tonsil 扁桃体
pharyngeal ~
palatine ~
palatine 腭的 larynx 喉 esophagus 食道 vocal cord 声带 vibrate震动 deterrent 妨碍物 flap 皮瓣 epiglottis 会厌 10
呼吸系统疾病基础知识概述(英文版)
School age
Glomerulonephritis Rheumatic fever
Ribovirin
Antivirus drugs
3-5 days
Oseltamivir
Antibiotics
Penicillin SMZ
3-5 days
Sever symptomatic;
Secondary bacteria affection
40-44/min 30/min 24/min 22/min 20/min
Children Respiratory System Physiologic Feature
Respiratory type
Respiratory type of abdomen Respiratory type of chest abdomen
呼吸系统疾病基础知识概述（英文版）
路漫漫其悠远
少壮不努力，老大徒悲伤
呼吸系统疾病
Respiratory System Disease
湘雅医院儿科 郑湘榕
重点
婴幼儿上感、2种特殊类型上感的特点 支气管肺炎临床表现、重症肺炎特点 支气管肺炎的诊断、治疗 支气管哮喘的临床表现、诊断和治疗
❖In pediatric outpatient, 6o% patients are acute respiratory infections.
Ｖirus： Ｏccupy 90% Ｂacteria： Ｓecondary
Streptococus pyogens Pneumococcu Ｈaemophilus influenzae
Common AURI
In infant and toddler
Local symptom is mild Systemic symptom is severe Complications are common
呼吸系统(caobo)课件
(4) 气-血屏障 (Blood-air barrier)
肺泡腔内的O2与肺泡隔毛细血管内血液携带的 CO2之间进行气体交换所通过的结构。 肺泡表面液体层 Ⅰ型肺泡细胞
Ⅰ型肺泡细胞基膜
薄层结缔组织 连续毛细血管基膜 连续毛细血管内皮
呼吸部 嗅部
肉眼观
上 皮
有鼻毛
复层扁平 无腺体 滤过空气
粉红色
假复层纤毛柱状 鼻腺、静脉丛 湿润、净化空气
黄色
假复层柱状 嗅腺 嗅觉
固有层 功 能
三、气管(trachea)和支气管
黏膜（Mucosa） 黏膜下层（Submucosa） 外膜（Adventitia）
（一）黏膜（Mucosa）
假复层纤毛柱状上皮：
3. 终末细支气管（terminal bronchiole）
（1）黏膜上皮：单层纤毛柱状上皮，纤毛细胞和Clara细胞。 （2）固有层：完整的环形平滑肌，黏膜皱襞更加明显。 （3）黏膜下层：气管腺消失。 （4）外膜：软骨片消失。
叶支气管 段支气管
小支气管 细支气管
导 气 部
终末细支气管 呼吸性细支气管
Development of the lungs begins at 4 weeks.
Components： 鼻（nose） 咽（pharynx） 喉（larynx） 气管（trachea）※
支气管（bronchus）
肺（lung）※
Functions：
气体交换、发声
嗅觉、内分泌
一、鼻腔（Nasal cavity）
Thin layer of LCT between adjacent alveoli. 含有丰富的毛细血管、弹性纤维、巨噬细胞等。
(3) 肺泡孔(alveolar pore)
呼吸系统-英文版ppt课件
可编辑课件PPT
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Diaphragm located below the lungs, attaching to the lower ribs, sternum and lumbar spine and forming the base of the thoracic cavity, is the major muscle of respiration. It is a large, dome-shaped muscle that contracts rhythmically and continually, and most of the time, involuntarily. Upon inhalation, the diaphragm contracts and flattens and the chest cavity enlarges. This contraction creates a vacuum, which pulls air into the lungs. Upon exhalation, the diaphragm relaxes and returns to its domelike shape, and air is forced out of the lungs.
可编辑课件PPT
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When you breathe, the air: enters the body through the nose or the mouth travels down the throat through the larynx (voice box) and trachea (windpipe) goes into the lungs through tubes called main-stem bronchi one main-stem bronchus leads to the right lung and one to the left lung in the lungs, the main-stem bronchi divide into smaller bronchi and then into even smaller tubes called bronchioles bronchioles end in tiny air sacs called alveoli
呼吸系统疾病英文PPT课件
Based on anatomy or X-ray manifestation
❖ Bronchopneumonia ❖ Lobar or Lobular Pneumonia ❖ Interstitial Pneumonia
Based on etiology
❖ Bacterial pneumonia ❖ Viral Pneumonia ❖ Mycoplasma Pneumonia ❖ Chlamydia Pneumonia
Classification of Respiratory Infections
According to the level of the respiratory tree most involved:
❖ Upper respiratory tract infection
❖ Lower respiratory tract infection
❖ Pneumonia remains the most common cause of morbidity in China.
Question
How to classify pneumonia in clinic?
Classification
❖ Anatomy ❖ Pathogens ❖ Severity ❖ Duration ❖ Onset site
What are the signs and symptoms of pneumonia?
The clinical signs and symptoms of pneumonia depend primarily on the age of the patient, the causative organism, and the severity of the disease.
呼吸系统PPT课件：hypoxia
◆ Circulatory hypoxia（循环性缺氧）
Circulatory hypoxia refers to inadequate blood flow leading to inadequate oxygenation of the tissues.
由于组织血流量,使组织供
氧量所引起的缺氧。
O2 in blood
1.5%
physically dissolved
bound to hemoglobin
98.5%
Normal value
PaO2： 100 mmHg （ 13.3kPa ） PvO2： 40 mmHg （ 5.3kPa ）
Acting factor ◣Partial pressure of inspired oxygen
100ml血液中Hb所能结合0 ml%
Acting factor
Hb quantity and quality
3. oxygen content, CO2
The total oxygen content of blood includes oxygen that is bound to haemoglobin and physically dissolved in plasma.
◣Etiology
1.Decreased PO2 in inspired air ：
plateau
2.External respiratory dysfunction：COPD
3.Venous-to-arterial shunts：
congenital heart disease
◣Characteristics of blood O2
◣Etiology
呼吸系统【英文】
asthma
bronchitis
emphysema
pneumonia
lung cancer
Four Respiration Processes
Breathing (ventilation): air in to and out of lungs External respiration: gas exchange between air and blood Internal respiration: gas exchange between blood and tissues Cellular respiration: oxygen use to produce ATP, carbon dioxide as waste
What is Human Respiration?
The human respiratory system allows one to obtain oxygen, eliminate carbon dioxide. Breathing consists of two phases, inspiration and expiration Inspiration- the process of taking in air Expiration- the process of blowing out air
Components of the Lower Respiratory Tract
Figure 10.3
Lower Respiratory Tract
Functions:
Larynx: maintains an open airway, routes food and air appropriately, assists in sound production Trachea: transports air to and from lungs Bronchi: branch into lungs Lungs: transport air to alveoli for gas exchange
《呼吸系统疾病》PPT课件
A、肺泡壁：毛细血管受压，充血消退。 B、肺泡腔：大量纤维素和中性粒细胞，纤维素丝 穿过肺泡间孔与相邻肺泡中的纤维素网相连
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（3）灰色肝样变期（5－6天） ① 形成：变态反应达到高峰并逐渐减弱 ② 镜下：
A、肺泡壁：毛细血管受压，充血消退。 B、肺泡腔：大量纤维素和中性粒细胞，纤维素丝 穿过肺泡间孔与相邻肺泡中的纤维素网相连
③ 肉眼：病变肺叶肿胀、暗红色，切面可挤出 泡沫状血性浆液。
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lobar pneumonia（大叶性肺炎）
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④ 临床病理联系：
A、毒血症：寒战高热、外周血白细胞计数升高。 B、呼吸道症状：咳嗽、咳痰。 C、渗出液中可检出肺炎链球菌。 D、X线：片状模糊阴影。
h
29
（2）红色肝样变期 （3－4天） ① 形成：变态反应增强，血管扩张、通透性增高 更加明显，纤维蛋白原渗出。 ② 镜下： A、肺泡壁：毛细血管扩张充血。 B、肺泡腔：大量红细胞、一定量的纤维素
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14
第一节 第二节 第三节 第四节 第五节 第六节
肺炎 慢性阻塞性肺病 肺尘埃沉着症 慢性肺源性心脏病 呼吸窘迫综合征 肺癌
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15
n 1
Pneumonia 肺炎
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概述：
➢ 指肺的急性渗出性炎症。
分类依据
病因 性质 病变部位 范围
h
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一、细菌性肺炎
（一）大叶性肺炎（lobar pneumonia）
通过肺泡间孔蔓延
h
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2、病因和发病机制
（1）病因： 肺炎链球菌 （2）诱因： 呼吸道防御功能减弱 （3）发病机制：
细菌侵入肺泡内繁殖
Ⅰ型变态反应
h
35
（3）灰色肝样变期（5－6天） ① 形成：变态反应达到高峰并逐渐减弱 ② 镜下：
A、肺泡壁：毛细血管受压，充血消退。 B、肺泡腔：大量纤维素和中性粒细胞，纤维素丝 穿过肺泡间孔与相邻肺泡中的纤维素网相连
③ 肉眼：病变肺叶肿胀、暗红色，切面可挤出 泡沫状血性浆液。
h
27
lobar pneumonia（大叶性肺炎）
h
28
④ 临床病理联系：
A、毒血症：寒战高热、外周血白细胞计数升高。 B、呼吸道症状：咳嗽、咳痰。 C、渗出液中可检出肺炎链球菌。 D、X线：片状模糊阴影。
h
29
（2）红色肝样变期 （3－4天） ① 形成：变态反应增强，血管扩张、通透性增高 更加明显，纤维蛋白原渗出。 ② 镜下： A、肺泡壁：毛细血管扩张充血。 B、肺泡腔：大量红细胞、一定量的纤维素
h
14
第一节 第二节 第三节 第四节 第五节 第六节
肺炎 慢性阻塞性肺病 肺尘埃沉着症 慢性肺源性心脏病 呼吸窘迫综合征 肺癌
h
15
n 1
Pneumonia 肺炎
h
16
概述：
➢ 指肺的急性渗出性炎症。
分类依据
病因 性质 病变部位 范围
h
17
一、细菌性肺炎
（一）大叶性肺炎（lobar pneumonia）
通过肺泡间孔蔓延
h
22
2、病因和发病机制
（1）病因： 肺炎链球菌 （2）诱因： 呼吸道防御功能减弱 （3）发病机制：
细菌侵入肺泡内繁殖
Ⅰ型变态反应
respiratorysystem呼吸系统ppt课件讲解学习
❖Alveolus, totally about 250 to 300 million in lungs of an adult, is supplied by a terminal pulmonary arteriole, which has a diameter of about 35 um and which gives rise to about 1000 capillaries per alveolus. The capillaries are 7 to 10 um in diameter. The distance between the alveolar surface and the capillaries is only 0.050.1 um. The pulmonary capillaries drain into the pulmonary veins and from there into the left atrium. The lung also receives blood through the bronchial arteries from the aorta.
❖ The trachea divides into right and left main bronchi and these in turn divide into lobar bronchi (upper, middle, and lower on the right, and upper and lower on the left). The airways continue to divide into terminal bronchioles, respiratory bronchioles, alveolar ducts and alveolar sacs.
呼吸系统 气体交换(英文版)
Transport---O2
a protein made up of four subunits Hemoglobin molecule bound together Each iron atom can bind one molecule of oxygen, a single hemoglobin molecule can bind four molecules of oxygen.
Gas Exchange in the tissues
•In this manner, as blood flows through systemic capillaries, its PO2 decreases and its PCO2 increases.
Metabolic reactions occurring within cells are constantly consuming oxygen and producing carbon dioxide .Therefore , intracellular PO2 is lower and PCO2 higher than in blood .As the result ,there is a net diffusion of oxygen from blood into cells ,and a net diffusion of carbon dioxide from cells into blood.
In lung affections or pulmonary edema ,some of the alveoli may become filled with fluid .Diffusion may also be impaired if the alveolar walls become thickened. Very importantly ,diffusion problems in the lung are restricted to oxygen and do not affect elimination of carbon dioxide ,which is much more diffusible than oxygen.
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carbon dioxide. They are surrounded by a network of capillaries, into which the
inspired gases pass. There are approximately 3 million alveoli within an
Larynx: This is also known as the voice box as it is where sound is generated.It contains the vocal cords. It also helps protect the trachea by producing a strong cough reflex if any solid objects pass the epiglottis.
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The respiratory system can be divided into two parts: The upper respiratory tracts:mouth, nose & nasal cavity,pharynx and larynx The lower respiratory tracts:traciaphragm
Bronchioles: Tertiary bronchi continue to divide and become bronchioles, very narrow tubes. There is no cartilage within the bronchioles and they lead to alveolar sacs.
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The Upper Respiratory Tracts
Mouth, nose & nasal cavity: The function of this part of the system is to warm, filter and moisten the incoming air.
Pharynx: Here the throat divides into the trachea (wind pipe) and esophagus (food pipe). There is also a small flap of cartilage called the epiglottis which prevents food from entering the trachea.
and lungs
Function
Transports air into the lungs and facilitates the diffusion of oxygen into the blood stream. It also receives waste carbon dioxide from the blood and exhales it.
Alveoli: Individual hollow cavities contained within alveolar sacs (or ducts).
Alveoli have very thin walls which permit the exchange of gases oxygen and
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The Lower Respiratory Tracts Trachea Muscular cartilaginous tract that is a continuation of the larynx; it divides into two main bronchi, each of which ends in a lung, and allows air to pass. The inner membrane of the trachea is covered in tiny hairs called cilia, which catch particles of dust which we can then remove through coughing.
Bronchi The trachea divides into two tubes called bronchi, one entering the left and one entering the right lung. Bronchi branch into smaller and smaller tubes known as bronchioles. Bronchioles terminate in grape-like sac clusters known as alveoli. Alveoli are surrounded by a network of thin-walled capillaries.
average adult lung.
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The lungs take in oxygen, which all cells throughout the body need to live and carry out their normal functions. The lungs also get rid of carbon dioxide, a waste product of the body's cells. The lungs are a pair of cone-shaped organs made up of spongy, pinkish-gray tissue. They take up most of the space in the chest, or the thorax (the part of the body between the base of the neck and diaphragm). The lungs are separated from each other by the mediastinum, an area that contains the following: heart and its large vessels trachea (windpipe) esophagus thymus lymph nodes The right lung has three sections, called lobes. The left lung has two lobes.