专业英语整理词汇

第一课Mechanics of Material 材料力学stress 应力strain 应变deformation 变形strength of material 材料强度mechanics of deformable body 变形体力学axial load 轴向荷载bar 杆shaft 轴beam 梁column 柱failure load 破坏荷载mechanics behavior 力学性能formulas 公式equation 方程fascinating blend 完美结合critical load 临界荷载column theory 柱子曲线tension 拉tensile force/stress 拉力/应力compression 压compressive stress 压应力shear 剪切prismatic bar 棱柱杆/等直杆axial force 轴向力uniform stretching 均匀拉伸free body 隔离体cross section 横截面hydrostatic pressure 液体静压力uniform continuous distribution 均匀连续分布resultant 合力be equal in magnitude and opposite in direction 大小相等方向相反bending 弯矩statics 静力学elongation 伸长量centroid 矩心形心第二课plane 水平，平面parallel 平行的a pin support 固定铰支座a roller support 滑动铰支座a beam with an overhang 延伸梁moment 力矩a uniformly distributed load 均布荷载long-span beam 长跨梁indeterminate analysis 超静定分析translation 平动rotation 转动第三课the cross section of a beam 梁的横截面the neutral axis 中性轴the principal(tensile/compressive) stress主(拉/压)应力rectangular cross section 矩形横截面theequations of plane stress 平面应力方程solidline实线dashed line 虚线orthogonal curve 正交曲线stresstrajectories 应力迹线stresscontour应力等值线stress concentrations 应力集中in the web at the junction with the flange 在腹板和翼缘的交接处magnitude大小，数量mid-height 中等高度，中间高度moment矩intersect相交，横切tangent切线，正切wide-flange宽翼缘fillet圆角，角缝第四课continuous beam 连续梁thedegreeofstatical indeterminacy 超静定的次数methodofsuperposition叠加法equations of compatibility 协调方程thesecondmoment-areatheorem第二面积矩定律three-momentequation三弯矩方程themomentof inertia 惯性矩a set of simultaneousequations 联立方程组a uniform load of intensity q 集度为q的均布荷载redundant赘余力intermediate中间的，中途的external外面的，外界的rotation转动centroidal形心的，矩心的formulate用公式表示，化成公式第五课the unit-load method 单位力法bending moment 弯矩twisting moment 扭矩the stress resultants 应力第六课Reciprocal theorems互等定理Strain energy 应变能Reciprocal displacement theorem 位移互等定理Reciprocal work theorem功的互等定理Linearly elastic structures 线弹性结构Cantileverbeam悬臂梁Concentrated load 集中力Freeend自由端Midpoint中点Deflection挠度Formula公式Subscriptnotation下标Besubjected to 受到Respectively分别Inaccordancewith和、、、一致Analogousmanner类似方式Correspondence相应Consistof由、、、组成Nevertheless景观如此Derivation推导，引出，来历Simultaneously同时Principleofsuperposition叠加原理Hence因此Undergo经受承受Sumup把、、、相加Insequence顺序的第七课Slipform 滑模reinforced concrete element 钢筋混凝土构件elevator shaft 电梯井stair 楼梯井silos and grain 筒仓和粮仓bridge pier 桥墩high-rise office or apartment buildings 高层办公楼公寓vertically 竖直地form 模板extrusion device 挤压装置metal insert 预埋铁件opening 孔口tongue and groove plank 企口木板work platform 工作平台camber 起拱swelling 膨胀moisture 湿气潮气screw jack 螺旋千斤顶constructed yokes 提升架gripping devices 夹具装置pneumatically or electrically 气动或电动hydraulic master control system 液压控制系统extraction 拔differential load 不均匀荷载scaffold 脚手架cement finisher 水泥抹灰工crane 吊车hoist 卷扬机hopper 料斗bucket 吊车high-early strength cement 早强水泥superimposed load 超荷tolerance 允许误差applicable codes 通用规范professional standards 行业规范plumb line 垂直轴线fog spray 喷雾器moist 湿度roof slab 屋面板tapering chimney 锥形烟囱wale 腰梁，横撑thenormal andshearstress法向应力和剪应力第八课Positivedirection正方向Liftslabs升板Erectionofbuilding安装楼房Contractor包工头Reinforcedconcrete钢筋混凝土Structuralsteel型钢Structuralelement结构构件Pour浇筑Form模板Bondtoeachother 粘结，结合Sufficient充足的，足够的Hydraulicjacks液压千斤Bracket支撑Anchor锚杆Box-outs箱型孔口Stability稳定性Swaybracket斜撑Shearwalls剪力墙Prestressedconcrete 预压力混凝土Pre-or posttensioning techniques 先张法或后张法施工overdesign保险设计Formwork 模板施工Offset抵消，补偿Conventional传统的Widecolumngrid宽柱网Multi-storeyindustrialbuilding多层工业建筑Civilbuilding民用建筑Residentialbuilding住宅楼Ceilingfloor天花板Verticalmotion竖向移动Tier层，排，行，列Lift-storeycomponentconstruction升层施工plumbing管道工业Horizontalforces水平力Core ofrigidity刚度核心Dwelling住宅楼High-seismicactivity多震区第十课Fenestration 门窗布局，主窗设计Distribution and control of daylight 日光的分布和控制Ventilation control 通风控制Heat loss 热量损失Weather resistance 防风防雨Design principle 设计原则Building codes 建筑规范The depth of light penetration透光深度Natural ventilation 自然通风The pattern of air movement 空气的流线谱Functional requirements 功能要求Fire rating 防火等级Scored glass 带刻纹的玻璃Added precaution 额外措施Weather stripping 挡风雨密封条Integral frame 整体框架Double glazing 双层玻璃Sealed double glazing 密封双层玻璃Stainless steel 不锈钢Galvanized steel 镀锌钢Fire-resistance requirements 防火要求Residential work 住宅工程Thermal conductivity 导热率Shrinking 收缩Warping 翘曲Double-hung window 上下推拉窗Trim 贴脸处理Steel window 钢窗Hot-rolled structural grade 热轧结构钢New billet steel 新钢锭Cold-formed 冷加工New billet strip steel 新带钢钢锭The Steel Window Institute 钢窗协会Depth of sections 截面高度Shop finish 出厂前最后加工Field painting 现场涂漆Free from rust 除锈Free from mill scale 除去轧屑Hot phosphate 热磷酸盐Phosphate chromate 冷磷铬黄Rust inhibitive primer 防锈底漆Putty set 抹油灰Hot-dipped galvanized 热浸镀锌Assembled frames 组装好的窗框Assembled ventilators 组装好的开启窗Specifications 规范Distortion 歪扭Hot dipping 热浸Zinc galvanizing 镀锌层Aluminum Window Manufacturers 铝窗厂家协会Regulate stiffness 刚度Component parts 控制部件The amount of air infiltration 透气量Ventilator sections 开启部分Shop-fabricated 工厂预制Assembled at the job 现场组装Extruded aluminum sections 挤压成型的铝窗部件Window walls 窗墙Picture windows 观景窗Ventilating sash 通风窗Aluminum trim 铝镶边Monel metal 抗酸金属Storm sash 防暴风雨窗Wicket-type screens 推拉小门式遮板Metal bead glazing 金属护条玻璃Lime mortar 石灰砂浆第十一课Curtain walls 幕墙Skeleton-frame construction骨框架施工Exterior walls 外墙Load 荷载Own weight 自重Nonbearing walls 非承重墙Structural frame 结构框架Supplementary framing 辅助框架Girts 连系梁Light-gage metal 薄钢板Fire resistance 防火Thickness 厚度Insulating properties 绝热性能A dead air space 封闭空气间层Insulating material 绝热材料Durable material 耐用材料Initial cost 造价，基建费Multilayer-sandwich wall 多层夹心墙Job-assembled 现场组装Prefabricated 预制Plywood 胶合板Sheathing 衬板Waterproofing material 防水材料Siding 木壁板Shingles 鱼鳞板Half timbers 露明木骨架Novelty 下垂披叠板Lap 搭接Clapboard 护壁楔形板Vertical boarding or horizontal flush boarding 竖直或水平光面板Drop siding 下垂壁板Permanent structures 永久结构Lap siding 搭接壁板Clapboard 护壁楔形板Building paper 防潮纸Narrow boards 窄板Wide boards 宽板Eaves 屋檐Weathertight joint 防风雨接缝Exterior finish 罩面层Squared-edged 四方刨木板Diagonal members 对角构件Stucco 粉刷Exterior grade 装饰性的胶合板Permanent waterproof glue 耐风化胶Light-gage metal 薄金属板Stiffness 刚度Asphalt 沥青Asbestos cement 石棉水泥Portland cement 硅酸盐水泥Masonry 硅石建筑Metal lath 金属板条Per sqyd 每平方码Furring strips 钉罩面板的板条Quicklime putty 生石灰膏Hydrated lime putty 熟石灰膏Fiber 纤维The rate of hardening 硬化速度Brown coat 二道抹灰Finish coat 罩面层Proportions 配合比Withstand pressure 承受压力Base coats 底涂层第十二课Vapor barrier 防潮层Slab 平板、混凝土路面Dew 露水Aluminum foil 铝箔纸Kraft paper 牛皮纸Cellular glass 泡沫玻璃Side-vent 减压通气管Aluminum paint 铝粉涂料Plastic paint 塑性涂料Plastic film 塑胶膜Asphalt paint 沥青涂料Rubber-based paint 橡胶涂料Water repellent surface 防水表层Vapor-transmission rate 透气性Reciprocal 倒数Frame house 框架房屋Rain gutter 雨水槽Lath 板条Wall-board 壁纸Wood sheathing 木制屋面板Clapboard 护墙板Shingle 强面板Stucco 粉刷面层Perm （渗透单位）伯姆第十三课Stress-strain relationship应力应变关系Compressive stress-strain curve 受压应力应变曲线Cylinder test 混凝土圆柱体受压实验Beam 梁Horizontal 水平线Empirical equation 经验公式Hardened concrete 硬化混凝土Cylinder strength 混凝土圆柱体抗压强度Normal sand-and-stone concrete 普通砂石混凝土Hydrate 水化硬化Reinforced-concrete structure钢筋混凝土Low-story columns底层柱High-rise building 高层建筑Brittleness 脆性Prestressed concrete 预应力混凝土Internal disintegration 内部损伤Longitudinal strain 纵向应变Poission’s ratio 伯松比Concrete creep 混凝土徐变Instantaneous strain 瞬时应变Deformation of concrete 混凝土变形Relative humidity 相对湿度Free pore water 自由孔隙水Asymptotic value 近似值Typical creep parameters 普通徐变取值范围Coefficient 系数第十四课fracture破裂，断裂nondimensionalize无量纲化simultaneously同时地perpendicular垂直nonhomogeneous非匀质的biaxial双轴的uniaxial单轴的triaxial三轴的microcrack微裂缝discontinuity不连续性ratio比率，比例inclination倾斜，倾向intercept截断，截线quadrant象限，扇形体orderofmagnitude数量级failureenvelope破坏包络线intermediateprincipalstress中间主应力combinedstress复合应力uniaxialstress单轴应力biaxialstress双轴应力triaxialstress三轴应力internalcontradiction内部矛盾Mohrstresscircle莫尔应力圆nonhomogeneousnatureofconcrete混凝土的非匀质性第十五课deflection 挠度shrinkage 收缩creep 徐变flexural members 受弯构件longitudinal reinforcement 纵筋coefficient 因子positive-bending 正向受弯的negative-bending 反向受弯的ratio 率，系数dead load 恒载stiffness 刚度great precision 高精度span-depth ratio 高跨比one-way slab 单向板parameter 参数第十六课Shear v.剪切diagonal a.斜的tension n.拉力proportional a.成比例的Strain n.张力shear stresses 剪应力in addition to 除之外Visualize v.想象laminated beam 叠层梁bond vt.结合Contact surface 接触面adhesive n.a.粘合剂，粘着的Slide relative to each other 相对滑动horizontal shear stresses 水平剪应力Horizontal plane 水平面intensity n.强度neutral axis 中性轴magnitude n.大小vertical adj.垂直的cross-sectional area 截面面积parabolic a.抛物线的isolated adj.孤立的equilibrium n.均衡spin vi.旋转element n.元素，要素normal stresses 法向应力numerical adj.数值的principal stresses 主应力inclination n.倾向，斜坡uniformly loaded 均匀受荷的stress trajectories 应力迹线vicinity n.邻近tensile strength 抗拉强度integrity n.完整性，完善diagonal tension 斜拉应力reinforced-concrete 钢筋混凝土equal and opposite 大小相等，方向相反homogeneous a.均质的midspan n.中跨single-piece n.整块，整段confine vt.限制impair n.vt.削弱，损害adequately ad.恰当地第17课Flexural a.弯曲的premature failure 过早的破坏Longitudinal flexural stress纵向弯曲应力reinforcement 钢筋Vertical U-shaped stirrups 竖向U形箍筋longitudinal a.纵向的，长度的Web steel 腹筋aggregate interlock 骨料咬合dowel action 销栓作用Compression zone 受压区ductility n.延展性restrain v.抑制Inclined cracks 斜裂纹impend vi.即将来临，逼近omit v.省略Nominal shear strength 名义抗剪强度strength-reduction factor强度折减系数Failure mode 破坏模式exclude vt.排斥Redistribute internal forces 内力重分配span n.跨度superimposing v.叠加Zone n.区域conservatism n.保守主义imperfect a.不完全的Provision n.规定，条款spacing n.间距concrete-joist n.混凝土密肋Flange n.翼缘plot n.图，计划initiate v.开始，创始第十八课resist torsion 抗扭stirrups 箍筋longitudinal bars纵筋dowel action销栓作用longitudinal splitting纵向劈裂adequately reinforced 充分配筋spiral pattern 螺旋图样torsional strength 抗扭强度equilibrium of the internal force 内力平衡flexural 弯曲的plain concrete beam 素混凝土梁stirrup legs 箍筋的肢shear force 剪力level arm 杆臂have recourse to 依靠nominal torsional strength 名义上的抗扭强度yield strength 屈服强度splitting 裂缝torque-twist 扭矩-扭转角的anchor 锚固第十九课Horizontal loads 水平荷载The site of construction 施工现场model codes proposed for general use 通用标准规范representative values 代表值uniformly distributed loads 均布荷载impact loading 冲击荷载in places of public assembly 在公共场合召集an additional allowance of 额外限制finish floors 面层shocks 冲击inertia forces 惯性力be of the order of 数量级为，大约bearing walls 承重墙lightweight curtain walls 轻质幕墙rigid diaphragms 刚性横隔板load factors 荷载系数in plan or elevation 平面图或立面图windward 迎风的（地），上风的（地）on the promise of 以…为前提pertain to 与…有关系（相称）第二十课insulation 绝热assembly 装配beam 梁girder 梁（大梁，主梁）joist 托梁plywood 胶合板gypsum 石膏板fabrication 制作装配corbel 梁托ledger 横木，衬垫thermal 热能的precast member 预制构件wall panel 墙板internal insulation 内部保温foam glass 泡沫玻璃glass fiber 玻璃纤维expanded plastics 泡沫塑料lightweight concrete 轻质混凝土exposed aggregates 外露骨料colored cement 有色混凝土tensile stress 拉应力modulus of rupture 断裂模量，抗弯强度margin of safety 安全储备all-lightweight aggregate 全轻质骨料sand-lightweight concrete沙轻质混凝土span length 跨长fire rating 防火等级hollow plank 空心板double tees 双T形板ledger beam 带肩梁precast joist 预制梁precast beam 预制梁precast column 预制柱multi-story construction 多层建筑第二十一课Footing 基础Differential settlement 差异沉降Respect to 关于，考虑Deep foundation 深基础Spread foundation 扩展基础Column footing 独立柱基础Combined footing 联合基础Strap footing 条形基础Reinforced in both directions(two-way reinforcement) 双向配筋Beam-and-girder floor 肋梁楼盖第二十二课Structure design 结构设计Deformation limits 变形限制Civil engineering 土木工程（以下为高赫录入）Design criterion 设计原则Aerodynamic response 空气动力响应Dead load 横载Magnitude 量级Preliminary design 初步设计Allowable stress 容许应力Section modules 截面模量Plastic modules 塑性模量Deflection 挠度Stiffness 刚度Brittle fracture 脆断Elastic 弹性的Inelastic 非弹性的Local buckling 局部弯曲第二十四课structural framing 结构构架rigid frame 钢架truss 桁架built-up section 组合截面riveted 铆钉bolted 螺栓welded connections 焊接purlin 檩条rafter 刚架横梁single span 单跨haunched knee 加腋隅角stiffeners 加劲肋joint 节点tapered member 变截面构架，楔形截面truss-on-columns scheme 桁架加柱体系bent 排架bay 柱步roof deck 屋面板girts 墙梁grid system 格构体系sheets 墙板diagonal bracing system 斜撑体系unsupported length 自由长度sidesway 侧移hinged 铰接sag rods 防垂杆anchorage 锚固ridge 屋脊pitched roof 斜屋面twisting moments 扭矩corrugated metal 瓦垄铁asbestos sheets 石棉片poured-in-place gypsum 现浇石膏gutters 大沟drainage 落水管imperviousness 不漏性seeping 渗透roof slope 屋面坡度waterproof 防水性第二十八课activity cells 活动单元multilevel movement systems 多层次交通系统planning process 规划过程high density vertical city 高密度立体城市urban canyons 城市峡谷freestanding skyscraper 独立式摩天大楼第三十课cable structures 缆索结构filaments 纤丝linear 线性one-dimensional 一维的coincide 重合parabola 抛物线coplanar 共面sag 垂度expansion 膨胀contraction 收缩pylon 桥塔superposition 叠加generatrix 母线synclastic 同向曲面的anticlastic surface 互反曲面edge 边缘主编：贺领编辑：贺领袁拥桃徐巍张富成李闯王浩穆源库泉魏楚雄赵峰陈建优校对：贺领参考文献：土木建筑专业英语感谢以上同学的积极参与！如有错误，概不负责！祝愿大家都能够考出好成绩！。