定语从句详解+例句

Attributive Clause 定语从句

一、定义

定语从句：修饰名词或代词的从句。换句话说，名词、代词后的从句叫定语从句。先行词：被定语从句修饰的名词、代词、甚至词组或句子叫先行词。

关系词：引导定语从句的词叫关系词。

1关系代词：在定语从句中担任主、宾、表、定语成分

2关系副词：在定语从句中担任状语成分

关系词3 个功能：

1.连接功能（连接先行词与定语从句）；

2.担任功能（在定语从句中担任主、宾、表、定、状语）；

3.替代功能（在定语从句中代替先行词）。

关系代词在定语从句中充当

主语的是：who, that, which, as

宾语的是：who, whom, that, which, as

定语的是：whose, which

先行词是人时，关系代词是：先行词是物时，关系代词是：who, whom, that, as which, that, whose, as

关系副词有：关系副词=

when ( 先行词为时间

介词 + which / whom

), where (先行词为地点), why (先行词为原因)

定语从句分为两种：限制性与非限制性。先行词与关系词之间无逗号隔开为限制性；有逗号隔开则为非限制性，且一般由 which 引导。

唯一可以置于先行词之前的定语从句由关系代词as引导。

二、关系代词引导的定语从句

1.who 指人，在从句中做主语

(1)The boys who are playing football are from Class One.

(2)Yesterday I helped an old man who lost his way.

2.whom 指人，在定语从句中充当宾语，常可省略。

(1)Mr. Liu is the person (whom) you talked about on the bus.

(2)Mr. Ling is just the boy whom I want to see.

注意：关系代词whom 在口语和非正式语体中常用who 代替，可省略。

(3) The man who/whom you met just now is my friend.

3.which 指物，在定语从句中做主语或者宾语，做宾语时可省略

(1)Football is a game which is liked by most boys.

(2)This is the pen (which) he bought yesterday.

4.that 指人时，相当于 who 或者 whom ；指物时，相当于 which 。在宾语从句中做主语或者宾语，做宾语时可省略。

(5)The number of the people that/who come to visit the city each year rises one million.

(6)Where is the man that/whom I saw this morning?

5.whose 通常指人，也可指物，在定语从句中做定语，有从属关系。

(1)He has a friend whose father is a doctor.

(2)I once lived in a house whose roof has fallen in.

whose 指物时，常用以下结构来代替

(3)The classroom whose door is broken will soon be repaired.

(4)The classroom the door of which is broken will soon be repaired.

(5)Do you like the book whose cover is yellow?

(6)Do you like the book the color of which is yellow?

三、介词 +关系代词引导的定语从句

关系代词在定语从句中做介词宾语时，从句常由介词+关系代词引导

(1)The school (that/which) he once studied in is very famous.

(2)The school in which he once studied is very famous.

(3)Tomorrow I will bring here a magazine (that/which) you asked for.

(4)Tomorrow I will bring here a magazine for which you asked.

(5)We’ll go to hear the famous singer (whom/that/who) we have often talked about.

(6)We’ll go to hear the famous singer about whom we have often talked.

注意： 1. 含有介词的动词短语一般不拆开使用，如：look for, look after, take care of等

(1)This is the watch which/that I am looking for. (T)

(2)This is the watch for which I am looking. (F)

which ，2. 若介词放在关系代词前，关系代词指人时用whom ，不可用 who 或者 that；指物时用

不能用 that；关系代词是所有格时用whose

(1)The man with whom you talked is my friend. (T)

(2)The man who/that you talked with is my friend. (F)

(3)The plane in which we flew to Canada is very comfortable. (T)

(4)The plane in that we flew in to Canada is very comfortable. (F)

3.“介词 +关系代词” 前可有 some, any, none, both, all, neither, most, each, few 等代词或者数词

(1)He loved his parents deeply, both of whom are very kind to him.

(2)In the basket there are quite many apples, some of which have gone bad.

(3)There are forty students in our class in all, most of whom are from big cities.

四、关系副词引导的定语从句

1.when 指时间，在定语从句中做时间状语

(1)I still remember the day when I first came to the school.

(2)The time when we got together finally came.

2.where 指地点，在定语从句中做地点状语

(1)Shanghai is the city where I was born.

(2)The house where I lived ten years ago has been pulled down.

3. why 指原因，在定语从句中做原因状语