28限时阅读训练(28)
高一英语阅读理解强化训练Day 28
高一英语阅读理解强化训练Day 28Passage 1For some people, higher education is not just a goal in life, but also an expectation. In the United States, if your parents attended a college or university, there is a good chance that you will, too. Even if your parents did not go to college, you still have a good chance of completing higher education if your family is wealthy.But your chances are reduced if you come from a needy family, a community with limited educational resources or you simply have no one to follow as an example.Helping those in need is one of the main ideas behind a strategy of behavioral science called nudge theory or nudging. Nudging is a way of changing people's behavior through indirect suggestion and by supporting positive actions.A growing number of U. S. colleges and universities look to nudging as a way to support poor, minority and first--generation students. They also are using it to increase overall graduation rates. Two common forms of nudging are emails to students and text messages to their mobile phones. Schools and other educational organizations keep in contact with students this way, offering advice and help when needed.However, Alejandra Acosta--a higher education policy expert at New America--notes that there are several qualities a nudge campaign must possess in order to be successful.Acosta says messages must be timely, meaning they reach college students well before the date by which a student is required to take action. Additionally nudges should be written clearly and provide as much information as possible. If students start tostruggle in class, school officials should not just message them, saying they should seek academic support. The message should give information about what kinds of support the college or university offers and exactly how the student can make use of them. That is why nudges should possess interactive qualities, Acosta says. For example, students should be able to ask questions of school officials or be directed to a website for more information. In addition, colleges and universities must ensure their support services are in place and working as best they can.When nudges work, they can do a lot of good. In 2018, a nonprofit group launched a nudging campaign at four U. S. community colleges. They worked with nearly 10. 000 first--year students at three such colleges in Ohio and one in Virginia. A recent study found that older and minority students who agreed to receive these nudges were 16 to 20 percent more likely to continue into their second year than those who did not.1. Who is most likely to receive and complete higher education according to the passage?A. Tony, whose father is the only bread--winner in the family.B. Jimmy, whose mother is a worker in a small factory.C. Betty, whose grandmother is a housemaid of a famous university professor.D. Cathy, whose parents failed to attend college but succeeded in starting a big company.2. What can we know about nudging?A. It is rooted in psychological science.B. It is a way to improve people’s mind.C. It offers concrete and direct advice.D. It helps students via emails and text messages.3. What is the passage mainly talking about?A. The problem with higher education.B. A way for colleges to support students.C. The popularity of nudging campaign.D. A national campaign dealing with poverty.Passage 2Online programs to fight depression are already commercially available. While they sound efficient and cost-saving, a recent study reports that they're not effective, primarily because depressed patients are not likely to engage with them or stick with them.The study looked at computer-assisted cognitive (认知的) behavioral therapy (CBT) and found that it was no more effective in treating depression than the usual care patients receive from a primary care doctor.Traditional CBT is considered an effective form of talk therapy for depression, helping people challenge negative thoughts and change the way they think in order to change their mood and behaviors. However, online CBT programs have been gaining popularity, with the attraction of providing low--cost help wherever someone has access to a computer.A team of researchers from the University of York conducted a randomized (随机的) control trial with 691 depressed patients from 83 physician practices across England. The patients were split into three groups: one group received only usual care from aphysician while the other two groups received usual care from a physician plus one of two computerized CBT programs. Participants were balanced across the three groups for age, sex, educational background, severity and duration of depression, and use of antidepressants(抗抑郁药).After four months, the patients using the computerized CBT programs had no improvement in depression levels over the patients who were only getting usual care from their doctors."It's an important, warning note that we shouldn't get too carried away with the idea that a computer system can replace doctors and therapists, " says Christopher Dowrick, a professor of primary medical care at the University of Liverpool. "We do still need the human touch or the human interaction, particularly when people are depressed. ""Being depressed can mean feeling lost in your own small, negative, dark world, " Dowrick says. Having a person, instead of a computer, reach out to you is particularly important in fighting that sense of isolation. "When you're emotionally fragile, you're even more in need of a caring human being, " he says.1. What does the recent study say about online CBT programs?A. Patients may not be able to carry them through for effective cure.B. Patients cannot engage with them without the use of a computer.C. They can save patients trouble visiting physicians.D. They have been well received by a lot of patients'2. What has made online CBT programs increasingly popular?A. Their effectiveness in combating depressionB. The low efficiency of traditional talk therapy.C. Their easy and inexpensive access by patients.D. The recommendation by primary care doctors.3. What is Professor Dowrick's advice concerning online CBT programs?A. They should not be neglected in primary care.B. Their effectiveness should not be overestimated.C. They should be used by strictly following instructions.D. Their use should be encouraged by doctors and therapists.4. Which is more important to an emotionally vulnerable person?A. A positive state of mind.B. Appropriate medication.C. Timely encouragement.D. Human interaction.Passage 3Philip, I want to tell you a story. And Like all good stories, it starts like this.Once upon a time there was a father and in case you can't figure that out, that's me. This father had a wonderful little boy. He was very happy. Then one day, he found out his wife was going to have another baby. So I prayed, "Lord, if it's your will, please make her a little girl. "And He did. I was the first person to hold her in my arms. I looked at her and said, "Lord, make her like her mother. "And He did. She was loving and giving, and so good and so kind. But then I realized I was getting left out. So I said, "Lord, make her like me. "And He did. She could drive a truck and a tractor. She could load hay and chew tobacco(咀嚼烟草). Do you realize what you are getting?But at the same time, she was opinionated(有主见的), emotional and determined. So I said, "Lord, that's enough of that! Make her like YOU!" And He did. He gave her the desire to serve people. She loves people. She gave her life to being a nurse, she's brought people back from the dead. And she hold the hand of people who have breathed their last breath. But still something was missing. So I said to Lord, "make her happy. "And she met you. You see that look on her face? I never saw that until she met you. And I'm thankful for that. Today I'm giving you the best thing I have to give. And I just want you to know before I do that. . How hard me and God has worked to get her ready. So Philip, as I give her to you. I don't think you'll mind if I give you one more word of advice. "Me and God have worked hard. Don't screw it up.1. It is most likely that the speech was given________ .A. on a birthday partyB. at a weddingC. at a graduation ceremonyD. in a school2. Who is Philip? ________A. the sonB. the son-in-lawC. the fatherD. the little boy3. What kind of attitude can we feel from the speech? ________A. sadB. regretfulC. angryD. thankful4. Which one may be the best title? ________A. The story of my daughterB. My experience of raising my daughterC. A gift from God and a fatherD. Be kind to my daughterPassage 4Birthdays are especially important to the very young and the very old. On their birthdays, people receive birthday cards and birthday presents from their family and friends. Children's cards often have a large number on them showing how old they are. Cards for adults have pictures of flowers or scenery, or cartoons. Inside there is usually a simple greeting, such as "Happy Birthday" or "Many Happy Returns Of The Day".In the US children who have their birthdays during the school year take a cake to school and have a small party with their class. In Britain children sometimes get bumped(lifted off the ground horizontally and put down again sharply) by their friends, the same number of times as their age.In the US, the 16th birthday is called sweet sixteen. It is the age at which a person can get a US driver's license, and some wealthier parents give their children a car as a present. At 18, in Britain and in the US, young people become adults and many have a big party. In most parts of the US, 21is the age at which people can drink alcohol legally.In Britain, people celebrate 21st birthdays less.Many adults dislike getting older and many tell a lie about their age. But in general older people are now much more willing to tell others their age. You may see a sign by the side of the a road saying:"Dave Ellis 40today!", put there by Dave's friends. At about 65, people retire, and those who have reached this age are called" senior citizens". Few people live to be 100, so a 100th birthday is very special. In Britain people reaching this age may receive cards containing a printed message from the queen.1. In Britain, how many times may a 9-year-old boy get bumped on his birthday? ________A. EightB. NineC. TenD. Eleven2. In the US, a 16-year-old boy________ .A. must be given a carB. can get a driver's licenseC. can drink alcohol legallyD. often has a big birthday party3. In the last paragraph, the example" Dave Ellis 40today"shows________.A. the 40th birthday is very specialB. many adults like lying about their ageC. Dave's friends like playing jokes on himD. older people don't mind telling others their age now4. If a person reaches 65, he can________ .A. be called a "senior citizen"B. refuse to talk about his ageC. receive a card from the QueenD. be invited to dinner with the QueenPassage 5Last month, Justin Valdez, a college student, was shot in a subway station in San Francisco. The surveillance video (监控录像) showed that before Justin was killed, the killer pulled out his gun several times, and even wiped his nose with it. However, nobody noticed the killer. The surrounding passengers all focused on their cell phones.We may see the same scene everywhere in our life: in subway stations, restaurants, elevators and so on, people are watching their cell phones. From a family reunion to a date with a friend, people couldn't stop checking their twitter and facebook on the cell phones and ignoring the persons in front completely, Phubbing (低头症) not only involves young people, but also the elderly and kids."Phubbing" is a new term which comes from the words"phone" and "snub" (冷落). It describes the habit of snubbing someone in favor of a cell phone. The word "phubbing" was included in the Australian National Dictionary in 2012. Obviously, the indifference (冷漠) and rudeness of the information age are spreading globally.A Stop Phubbing campaign website has been set up. You can find the slogan of thewebsite as follows: "stop twittering, stop posting photos…enjoy your food, enjoy the music and respect others. "Phubbing appears harmless. However, it does influence our life. Jimmy, an epicure (美食家), wrote in his blog: "I can no longer focus on what I am eating since I started twittering. My skill of food photography has improved very fast, while my interest in food drops as a result. " Let us put down our cell phones and re-enjoy the real taste of our food and the warmth of interpersonal communication.1. The case of Justin Valdez is given in the first paragraph to show ________ .A. gun violence happens easily in the USB. phubbing may lead to terrible disastersC. the killer didn't mean to kill himD. the killer had made a careful plan2. What will probably happen when you ask a phubbing person for help? ________A. He will give you an immediate reply.B. He will stop looking at his cell phone.C. He will pay no attention to you.D. He will be very angry with you.3. Jimmy's words suggest that ________ .A. phubbing is actually harmlessB. phubbing stops people enjoying their lifeC. phubbing affects people's eating habits the mostD. phubbing helps people improve their photographic skills4. What is the text mainly about? ________A. The phenomenon of phubbing.B. The popular campaign of stop phubbing.C. The meaning of the word "phubbing".D. The great harm of phubbing.参考答案Passage 11. D细节理解题。
托福阅读TPO28（试题+答案+译文）第1篇：Groundwater
托福阅读TPO28(试题+答案+译文)第1篇:Groundwater为了帮助大家备考托福。
提高阅读成绩，打有准备的仗，下面小编给大家带来托福阅读TPO28(试题+答案+译文)第1篇:Groundwater，希望大家喜欢。
托福阅读原文【1】Most of the world’s potable water—freshwater suitable for drinking is accounted for by groundwater, which is stored in the pores and fractures in rocks. There is more than 50 times as much freshwater stored underground than in all the freshwater rivers and lakes at the surface. Nearly 50 percent of all groundwater is stored in the upper 1,000 meters of Earth. At greater depths within Earth, the pressure of the overlying rock causes pores and cracks to close, reducing the space that pore water can occupy, and almost complete closure occurs at a depth of about 10 kilometers. The greatest water storage, therefore, lies near the surface.Aquifers, Porosity and Permeability【2】Groundwater is stored in a variety of rock types. A groundwater reservoir from which water can be extracted is called an aquifer. We can effectively think of an aquifer as a deposit of water. Extraction of water depends on two properties of the aquifer: porosity and permeability. Between sediment grains are spaces that can be filled with water. This pore space is known as porosity and is expressed as a percentage of the total rock volume. Porosity is important for water—storage capacity, but for water to flow through rocks, the pore spaces must be connected. The ability of water, or other fluids, to flow through the interconnected pore spaces in rocks is termed permeability. In the intergranular spaces of rocks, however, fluid must flowaround and between grains in a tortuous path; this winding path causes a resistance to flow. The rate at which the flowing water overcomes this resistance is related to the permeability of rock.【3】Sediment sorting and compaction influence permeability and porosity. The more poorly sorted or the more tightly compacted a sediment is, the lower its porosity and permeability. Sedimentary rocks—the most common rock type near the surface—are also the most common reservoirs for water because they contain the most space that can be filled with water. Sandstones generally make good aquifers, while finer-grained mudstones are typically impermeable. Impermeable rocks are referred to as aquicludes. Igneous and metamorphic rocks are more compact, commonly crystalline, and rarely contain spaces between grains. However, even igneous and metamorphic rocks may act as groundwater reservoirs if extensive fracturing occurs in such rocks and if the fracture system is interconnected.The Water Table【4】The water table is the underground boundary below which all the cracks and pores are filled with water. In some cases, the water table reaches Earth’s surface, where it is expressed as rivers, lakes and marshes. Typically, though, the water table may be tens or hundreds of meters below the surface. The water table is not flat but usually follows the contours of the topography. Above the water table is the vadose zone, through which rainwater percolates. Water in the vadose zone drains down to the water table, leaving behind a thin coating of water on mineral grains. The vadose zone supplies plant roots near the surface with water.【5】Because the surface of the water table is not flat but instead rises and falls with topography, groundwater is affectedby gravity in the same fashion as surface water. Groundwater flows downhill to topographic lows. If the water table intersects the land surface, groundwater will flow out onto the surface at springs, weather to be collected there or to subsequently flow farther along a drainage. Groundwater commonly collects in stream drainages but may remain entirely beneath the surface of dry stream-beds in arid regions. In particularly wet years, short stretches of an otherwise dry stream-bed may have flowing water because the water table rises to intersect the land surface.[Glossary]Sediment: materials (such as sand or small rocks) that are deposited by water, wind, or glacial ice.Topography: the shape of a surf ace such as Earth’s, including the rise and fall of such features as mountains and valleys.托福阅读试题1.In paragraph 1, why does the author mention "the pressure of the overlying rock"?A.To show how water can be forced deep under Earth's surface.B.To show why groundwater is more plentiful than surface freshwater.C.To correct a commonly made error about the location of groundwater.D.To explain why most groundwater lies near Earth's surface.2.According to paragraph 1, groundwater differs from the water in riversand lakes in terms of itsA.portability.efulness.C.abundance.D.cost.3.The word "extracted" in the passage(paragraph 2)is closest in meaning toed.B.poured.C.removed.D.kept out.4.The word "termed" in the passage(paragraph 2)is closest in meaning toA.considered.B.called.C.limited to.D.caused by.5.According to paragraph 2, what does porosity determine?A.The rate at which the aquifer's water overcomes resistance to flow.B.The amount of water that the aquifer can hold.C.The likelihood that fractures and joints will occur in the aquifer.D.The depth underground at which the aquifer lies.6.According to paragraph 2, what is the relationship between permeability and porosity?A.The more pores a rock has, the higher its porosity but the lower its permeability.B.Rocks with many internal spaces that are not connected with each other will have high porosity but low permeability.C.If water flows through a rock easily, it has high permeability but low porosity.D.Rocks that have high permeability have high porosity and vice versa.7.The word "compacted" in the passage(paragraphy 3)is closest in meaning toA.hard.pressed.C.heavy.D.deeply buried.8.According to paragraph 3, when can igneous rock serve as an aquifer?A.When it has many connected fractures.B.When it lies next to metamorphic rock.C.When it lies relatively near the surface.D.When it is crystalline.9.The word "coating" in the passage(paragraph 4)is closest in meaning toA.stream.B.barrier.C.amount.yer.10.Paragraph 4 implies which of the following about the rootsof plants?A.They prevent water from reaching the vadose zone.B.They mark the boundary between the vadose zone and the water tableC.They do not typically get their water from the water table.D.They help keep the water table from dropping farther.11.Which of the sentences below best expresses the essential information in the highlighted sentence in the passage paragraph 5 ? Incorrect choices change the meaning in important ways or leave out essential information.A.Groundwater only flows out of the ground if the watertable intersects the land surface.B.If the land surface and the water table intersect, groundwater can flow underground.C.Groundwater may be drained if springs occur where the water table intersects the land surface.D.Where the water table meets the land surface, groundwater flows out through surface springs.12.Paragraph 5 implies which of the following about the level of the waterA.It may rise or fall from year to year, depending on annual rainfall.B.It does not vary in arid regions.C.It rarely intersects the land surface of most regions.D.It is unrelated to the rate at which groundwater flows.13. Look at the four squares [■] that indicate where the following sentence could be added to the passage.Where would the sentence best fit? This is a consequence of the slow rate of movement of the groundwater, which often prevents the water table from attaining a flat (horizontal) level.The water table is the underground boundary below which all the cracksand pores are filled with water. In some cases, the water table reaches Earth's surface, where it is expressed as rivers, lakes and marshes. ■【A】Typically,though,the water table may be tens or hundreds of meters below the surface. ■【B】The water table is not flat but usually follows the contours of the topography. ■【C】Above the water table is the vadose zone, through which rainwater percolates. ■【D】Water in the vadosezone drains down to the water table, leaving behind a thin coating of water onmineral grains. The vadose zone supplies plant roots near the surface withwater.14. Directions: An introductory sentence for a brief summary of the passage is provided below. Complete the summary by selecting the THREE answer choices that express the most important ideas in the passage. Some sentences do not belong in the summary because they express ideas that are not presented in the passage or are minor ideas in the passage. This question is worth 2 points.Most of the world's potable water is stored as groundwater in the poresand fractures of underground rock, much of it at depths of less than 1,000 meters.A.Sedimentary rock may make poor aquifers because of tightly compacted sediment, which reduces porosity and permeability.B.Porosity is a measure of the empty space within rock while permeability measures the degree to which water can flow freely through rock.C.In arid regions, the water tables remain at a constant level far below the surface, preventing stream-beds from filling up even during wet years.D.Groundwater reservoirs are characterized by the porosity and permeability of the rock in which they lie, and these factors vary according to the type of rock.E.The vadose zone is typically dry because water does not stay in it, but instead percolates down to aquifers below or drains out through springs and streams.F.Although the water table usually follows the contours of the land surface, its level may vary from year to year and may intersect to the surface in places.托福阅读答案1.在高亮部分的描写之后，本段的最后一句出现了，therefore。
小学小升初英语阅读理解及答案【解析】 (28)
小学小升初英语阅读理解及答案【解析】一、阅读理解1．阅读理解阅读理解Lucy lives in the Xinyi Community. Yesterday she met Sara. She lives in thiscommunity, too. She moved to this community last week. Yesterday shewanted to go to the flower shop, but she didn't know where it is. Luc y told her, “Turn left at the traffic lights and go down that street. There it is. And the flower shop is near here, you can walk.”（1）What's the name of the community?A. HappyB. XinyiC. Zhongyu（2）Who live in the community?A. LucyB. SaraC. Lucy and Sara（3）When did Sara move to the community?A. Last week.B. Today.C. Yesterday.（4）Where is the flower shop?A. Turn left at the traffic lights and go down that street.B. Turn right at the traffic lights and go down that street.C. Turn left at the street.（5）How can Sara go to the flower shop?A. Take a bus.B. Take a car.C. Walk.【答案】（1）B（2）C（3）A（4）A（5）C【解析】【分析】大意：介绍主人公Lucy和Sara偶遇在同一小区，Sara向其询问花店的路线。
小学二年级阅读理解专项练习28篇
小学二年级阅读理解专项练习28篇我原是一棵小树我原是一棵小树。
在园丁的精心照料下，我沐浴着阳光和雨露，我生机勃勃。
一天天，一年年，年复一年，我变成了粗壮的大树。
长大了，我成了春的使者。
每年，春天来临的时候，我的身上萌发出一粒粒嫩绿的新芽。
渐渐地，小芽芽长成了翠色欲流的细叶，人们忍不住欣赏着、赞叹着我的美丽。
长大了，我有了遮荫的大伞。
夏天，稠密的绿叶盖满了我的枝丫，远远望去，就像是一把绿色的大伞。
人们快乐地在我的大伞下乘凉、玩耍。
我最喜欢金色的秋天。
麦子吐穗了，果子成熟了，枫叶染红了座座群山。
我也换上了金色的礼袍，和人们一起享受丰收的欢乐。
冬天来了，我静静地、静静地休息。
鹅毛般的大雪裹满了我的全身。
一年年，我由小树长成了大树。
我将长得更高、更大。
我感谢阳光，感谢雨露，我将永远铭记辛勤培育我的园丁。
训练题1．查字典，给下列词语注音。
稠()密裹()满吐()穗()2．填上合适的词。
()照料()欢乐()大雪3．解释下列词语。
生机勃勃年复一年栋梁之材4．选词填空。
辛幸坐座(1)为了培养我们，老师的工作是很()苦的。
我们今天的生活很()福。
(2)演出结束后，我回到了自己的()位上()了下来。
5．说出跟下列词语意义相近的词语。
来临()照料()培育()6．从文章中找出合适的词语，写在括号里。
()照料()雨露()欢乐()的新芽()的秋天()的绿叶7．回答下面的问题。
(1)小树的成长靠什么(2)小树长大后能给人们带来什么(4)这首诗告诉了我们什么8．文章有哪些好词好句，找出来多读读。
9．正确流利地朗读这首诗。
百灵鸟()百灵鸟敞开歌喉，那优美的歌声立刻招来无数听众，大家纷纷夸奖它。
百灵鸟高兴万分，每天从早到晚不知疲倦地唱着。
()一天天过去了，百灵鸟还是卖力地唱着，可它发现听众却越来越少，最后连一个听众也没有了。
()百灵鸟很难过，便到喜鹊大姐那里去诉苦：“大姐，我的歌喉那么好，大家为什么不来听我唱歌呢”()喜鹊说：“小妹，你的歌喉还是那么好，但你总是反复地唱那支歌，大家已经听厌了，自然也就不愿意再听了。
2021年高三语文一轮复习知识点讲解阅读预热试题专题28小说考点之二分析小说线索(含解析)新人教版
专题28 小说考点之二分析小说线索考点讲解线索是贯串整个作品情节开展的脉络，它可以是小说中的某个人物、某个事物，也可以是作者的情感、小说的事件，还可以是故事中的空间、时间。
阅读小说，抓住线索是把握小说故事开展的关键。
线索一般有单线和双线两种。
寻找线索的途径有小说标题、小说中的关键词(表达“人物出场、时空变化、事件演变〞的词语等)。
小说线索安排的作用可使小说构造清晰，情节集中；可通过线索巧妙安排构造，提醒主题。
小说的明线与暗线明线：就是由人物活动或事件开展所直接呈现出来的线索。
小说明线所表达的人物故事容易集中突出。
暗线：就是未直接描绘的人物活动或由事件间接呈现出来的线索。
暗线能够在更广更深的层面上提醒出当时社会的各种矛盾或斗争的焦点，使故事情节安排更加巧妙，使小说矛盾和主题更加突出。
典例一：阅读下面的文字，答复以下问题。
马兰花李德霞大清早，马兰花从蔬菜批发市场接了满满一车菜回来。
车子还没扎稳，邻摊卖水果的三孬就凑过来说：“兰花姐，卖咸菜的麻婶出事了。
〞马兰花一惊：“出啥事啦？〞三孬说：“前天晚上，麻婶收摊回家后，突发脑溢血，幸亏被邻居发现，送到医院里，听说现在还在抢救呢。
〞马兰花想起来了，难怪昨天就没看见麻婶摆摊卖咸菜。
三孬又说：“前天上午麻婶接咸菜钱不够，不是借了你六百块钱吗？听说麻婶的女儿从上海赶过来了，你最好还是抽空跟她说说去。
〞整整一个上午，马兰花都提不起精神来，不时地瞅着菜摊旁边的那块空地发愣。
以前，麻婶就在那里摆摊卖咸菜，不忙的时候，就和马兰花说说话，聊聊天，有时买菜的人多，马兰花忙不过来，不用招呼，麻婶就会主动过来帮个忙……中午，跑出租车的男人进了菜摊。
马兰花就把麻婶的事跟她男人说了。
男人说：“我开车陪你去趟医院吧。
一来看看麻婶，二来把麻婶借钱的事跟她女儿说说，免得日后有麻烦。
〞马兰花就从三孬的水果摊上买了一大兜水果，坐着男人的车去了医院。
麻婶已转入重症监护室，还没有脱离生命危险。
门口的长椅上，麻婶的女儿哭得眼泪一把，鼻涕一把。
2023届高三语文现代文阅读提升专练28(含答案)
2023届高三语文现代文阅读提升专练（第28练）基础题组现代文阅读I阅读下面的文字，完成1-5题。
材料一：“刺猬理念”是一个值得参考的理念。
英国学者伊赛亚·柏林引用古希腊谚语“狐狸多机巧，刺猬仅一招”，将学者大致分为两类：第一类对世界有一个统一的框架和体系，并以这一结构来解决问题（刺猬）；而另一类则会动用广泛而多样的经验、方法来阐释和解决问题（狐狸），却没有一个框架或统一的观点。
虽然没有优劣，但在古希腊寓言中，二者高下立见：狐狸很聪明，会很多技能，也善于观察、筹划，能够设计很多复杂的策略向刺猬发动进攻，并且行动迅速，看起来肯定是赢家；刺猬看似笨拙，行动迟缓，但它有拿手的一招——一遇到攻击，就缩成一个圆球，浑身的尖刺立起来，让敌人无从下口。
所以，每一次攻防，都是刺猬取胜。
基于类似的寓言，管理学家吉姆·柯林斯在《从优秀到卓越》一书中指出，一些实现了从优秀到卓越跨越式发展的公司，都坚持了简单而深刻的所谓“刺猬理念”。
具体来说，它们将战略建立在对以下三个方面的深刻理解之上：你对什么充满热情？你能在什么方面成为世界上最优秀的？是什么驱动你的经济引擎？柯林斯认为，实现跨越的公司将这三个方面的理解转化为一个简单而明确的理念，来指导所有工作，长期坚持，就能取得令人瞩目的成绩。
虽然柯林斯在这里说的是公司，但我认为这个道理对于个人也是适用的。
首先，很显然，哪怕你不能在某些方面做到世界最优，就算做到超过大多数同行，你也可以获得良好的口碑和优秀的绩效，这是个人有所成就的基础。
其次，你所擅长的能力应该可以给你带来丰厚的回报，创造出持久、强劲的现金流和利润。
如果你的能力不能创造价值，仅凭爱好和热情，也是不可持续的。
最后，也可能是最根本或最为重要的是，你对什么东西充满热情？如果你对那些东西充满热情，你就可以全力以赴，在做事情的过程中产生“废寝忘食”的“心流”体验，也更容易发展出超出同行的专业能力。
（摘自《新浪财经》，有删改）材料二：不论是个人还是企业都想要在某方面成为最优秀的，然而事实上，很少有人能有穿透的洞察力和摆脱虚荣心的清醒认识。
沪教版小学语文三年级(上)28惊弓之鸟课外、课后练习和作文课课练及答案
28 惊弓之鸟更羸是古时候魏国有名的射箭能手。
有一天，更羸跟魏王到郊外打猎。
一只大雁从远处慢慢地飞来，边飞边鸣。
更羸仔细看了看，指着大雁对魏王说：“大王，我不用箭，只要拉一下弓，这只大雁就能掉下来。
”“是吗？”魏王信不过自己的耳朵，问道，“你有这样的本事？”更羸说：“请让我试一下。
”更羸并没有取箭，他左手拿弓，右手拉弦，只听得嘣的一声响，那只大雁只往上飞，拍了两下翅膀，忽然从半空里直掉下来。
“啊！”魏王看了，大吃一惊，“真有这本事！”更羸笑笑说：“不是我本事大，是因为我知道，这是一只受过箭伤的鸟。
”魏王更加奇怪了，问：“你怎么知道的？”更羸说：“它飞得慢，叫的声音很悲惨。
飞得慢，因为它受过箭伤，伤口没有愈合，还在作痛；叫得悲惨，因为它离开同伴，孤单失群，得不到帮助。
它一听到弦响，心里很害怕，就拼命往高处飞。
它一使劲伤口又裂开了，就掉了下来。
”【练习】一、基础知识训练。
1．看拼音写词语。
jīng gōng zhī niǎo wèi guódǎ liè（）（）（）bēng de yìshēng dàchīyījīng bēi cǎn（）（）（）tóng bàn gū dān shī qún pīn mìng（）（）（）（）liè kāi gōng xián yù hé（）（）（）2．近形字组词。
列（）借（）愉（）崩（）裂（）猎（）愈（）蹦（）赢( ) 郊( ) 孤( )赢( ) 效( ) 狐( )3．给黑体字注音。
只有( ) 更新( ) 作坊( ) 看见( )船只() 更加( ) 作文( ) 看守( )4、给加黑的字选择正确的读音（正确的划上横线）。
活泼(bōpō) 腹部(fǔfù) 疾飞(jíjī)掠过(luèluě) 愈合(yūyù) 教诲(huǐhuì)5. 根据课文内容和下列句意写词语。
木头马三年级语文阅读28、29题目
木头马三年级语文阅读28、29题目1、下列选项中加着重号字注音正确的一项是（）[单选题] *A、脉脉mò颤动zhàn 乘凉chéng独处chǔB、酣睡hān 参差cī袅娜nuó蓊蓊郁郁wěng(正确答案)C、点缀zhuì倩影qiàn 幽僻bì梵婀玲fánD、惦着diàn羞涩sè宛然wǎn 踱着步dù2、1老刘庆祝生日，对好友说：“明天是我的生日，特邀请你来贵府一叙，你不会拒绝吧？”他这样表述是得体的。
[判断题] *对(正确答案)错3、下列选项中加着重号字读音与其它三项不相同的一项是（）[单选题] *A、嗜好(正确答案)B、麻痹C、刚愎自用D、包庇4、1“千呼万唤始出来”的下一句是“唯见江心秋月白”。
[判断题] *对(正确答案)错5、1“年貌虽小，其举止言谈不俗，身体面庞虽怯弱不胜，却有一段自然的风流态度，便知他有不足之症。
”这句话描写的是林黛玉的体貌神态。
[判断题] *对(正确答案)错6、4．下列词语中加点字的注音完全正确的一项是（）[单选题] *A．羞怯（qiè）粗犷（kuàng）褴褛（lǚ）戛然而止（jiā）B．蹒跚（pán）徘徊（huái）揩（kāi）油抑扬顿挫（cuò）(正确答案)C．恣睢（zì）教诲（huì）两栖（xī）吹毛求疵（chī）D．沉淀（diàn）炽热（zhì）告罄（qìn）桀骜不驯（jié）7、“果脯”的读音是“guǒfǔ”。
[判断题] *对(正确答案)错8、1《诗经》分为风、雅、颂三类，普遍运用赋、比、兴的手法，语言以四言为主，其中不少篇章采用重章叠句的艺术形式。
[判断题] *对(正确答案)9、39. 下列词语中加双引号字的读音完全正确的一项是（）[单选题] *A．“亢”奋（kàng）“晦”暗（huì）羁“绊”（bàn）“衰”草连天（suō）B．“蓦”然（mù）“冗”杂（rǒng）“瞳”仁（tóng）不可抗“拒”（jù）C．“恬”静（tián）束“缚”（fù）闭“塞”（sài）“悬”崖绝壁（xuán）D．严“峻”（jùn）震“撼”（hàn）“磅”礴（páng）纷至“沓”来（tà）(正确答案)10、1《沁园春雪》中的“沁园春”是词牌名，“雪”是这首词的题目，词的内容与沁园春有密切的联系。
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2015届高考限时阅读训练（28）编制人：地四组一、完形填空阅读下面短文，从短文后各题所给的四个选项（A、B、C、D）中，选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。
As educators, we often never know the influence we have on our students. It is always wonderful to have ___1___ students visit us and share the successes they have achieved. And those glorious moments, when we can instantly see the influence we have on a student, fuel us to continue making connections hoping to __2___ in the life of every child.As a music teacher for twenty-seven years, I have always known that music ___3___ the soul. It can ___4___ all kinds of barriers to reach students in a very special way. It can be the ___5___ for each child to find their light. I would like to share a story about it.For a few years I was blessed with the opportunity to teach ___6___ students one afternoon a week. One of my most __7___ students was a five-year-old girl called V anessa, who had difficulty walking, and could not speak. We ___8___ sat on the floor for our music lessons and Vanessa liked to sit on my lap. One of her favorite songs was “John the Rabbit.” It was a call and response song where I sang the call and the students ___9___ twice while singing the repeating phrase, “Oh, yes!” Vanessa liked to ___10__ her hands together with mine and clap with me. We probably performed that song during every class, Vanessa and I clapping together. But she ___11__ said or sang a word.One day late in the school year, when the song was finished, Vanessa turned around, looked me dead in the eye, clapped her tiny hands twice and said the word s “Oh, yes!” I opened my mouth in ___12___ and for that moment I was the one who could not speak. When my heart ___13___ started beating again, I looked over at the assistant teacher to find her also ___14___. Through music, we had made an awesome connection.Several years later, I passed Vanessa on the street in town. I stopped my car and waved to say hello. She waved back with a big ___15___ on her face and then clapped her hands twice, imitating the song we had ___16___ so many times in our music class. This precious little girl, ___17___ her connection with music, left an impression on me that will last forever. Every child has the ___18___ to learn and grow. It is up to us as educators to ___19___ the way to reach each and every one of our students. We all must find each child’s __20___.1. A. late B. former C. recent D. present2. A. make it B. make sense C. make a mess D. make a difference3 ．A. touches B. saves C. abandons D. feels4．A. get across B. cut down C. take over D. break through5．A. means B. direction C. process D. companion6．A. disabled B. normal C. outgoing D. junior7．A. awful B. elegant C. memorable D. sensitive8．A. partly B. hardly C. nearly D. mostly9．A. sang B. whispered C. yelled D. clapped10．A. strike B. put C. hit D. shake11．A. ever B. never C. still D. even12．A. horror B. delight C. astonishment D. embarrassment13．A. immediately B. completely C. slowly D. finally14．A. scared B. breathless C. speechless D. clumsy15．A. greeting B. smile C. expression D. affection16．A. performed B. operated C. trained D. recorded17．A. upon B. through C. from D. beyond18．A. desire B. talent C. ability D. urge19．A. discover B. change C. test D. make20．A. strength B. dream C. light D. dignity【答案】BDADA ACDDB BCDCB ABCAC【解析】42．B考查形容词。
结合下文share the successes they have achieved和常识可知：分享学生取得成功应是在学生毕业后，由此可知此处应指的是“以前的”学生，所以选former。
43．D考查动词短语。
作为教师，自然希望自己“在每个孩子的生活中起作用，有影响。
”make a difference有关系，有影响，有重要性。
44．A考查动词。
我一直知道音乐能够触及touch人的心灵45．D考查动词短语。
它能用一种特殊的方式突破各种障碍直击学生的心灵。
break through 突破，克服(障碍等)。
46．A考查名词。
它可能是让每个学生发现自己的闪光点的方法。
means方式；direction方向；process过程；companion同伴。
47．A考查形容词。
结合下文的who had difficulty walking可知作者教的是残疾的disabled 孩子48．C考查形容词。
其中我最难忘的是一个五岁的孩子。
memorable容易记住的。
49．D考查副词。
我们通常坐在地板上上音乐课。
mostly主要地，通常。
50．B考查动词。
Vanessa喜欢把她的手和我的手放在一起，然后和我一起拍手。
strike敲击；put放；shake摇动。
51．B考查副词。
但她从来不说也不唱一个字。
52．C考查名词。
我非常吃惊地张大了嘴。
horror恐惧；delight高兴；astonishment吃惊；embarrassment尴尬。
53．D考查副词。
因吃惊忘了呼吸，忘了心跳，但并不是不呼吸，不心跳了，而是最终回过神来了，所以不能用slowly，而用finally。
54．C考查形容词。
我看着那个助理教师，发现她也惊讶得说不出话来了。
speechless无语的。
55．B考查名词。
她脸上挂着微笑，向我招手。
56．A考查动词。
模仿我们在音乐课上表演了很多次的歌。
perform表演；operate操作；train 训练；organize组织。
57．B考查介词。
联系上文“Through music”可知答案。
58．C考查名词。
每个孩子都有学习和成长的能力。
59．A考查动词。
得靠我们去发现通往学生心灵的道路。
discover发现。
【小题20】C考查名词。
我们都必须找到每个孩子的亮点，这句话和第一段中的“It can be…find their light.”相照应。
二、阅读理解ASeveral recent studies have found that being randomly assigned to a roommate of another race can lead to increased tolerance but also to a greater likelihood of conflict.Recent reports found that lodging with a student of a different race may decrease prejudice and compel students to engage in more ethnically diverse friendships.An Ohio State University study also found that black students living with a white roommate saw higher academic success throughout their college careers. Researchers believe this may be caused by social pressure.In a New York Times article, Sam Boakye – the only black student on his freshman year floor -said that "if you're surrounded by whites, you have something to prove."Researchers also observed problems resulting from pairing interracial students in residences.According to two recent studies, randomly assigned roommates of different races are more likely to experience conflicts so strained that one roommate will move out.An Indiana University study found that interracial roommates were three times as likely as two white roommates to no longer live together by the end of the semester.Grace Kao, a professor at Penn said she was not surprised by the findings. "This may be the first time that some of these students have interacted, and lived, with someone of a different race," she said.At Penn, students are not asked to indicate race when applying for housing."One of the great things about freshman housing is that, with some exceptions, the process throws you together randomly," said Undergraduate Assembly chairman Alec Webley. "This is the definition of integration.""I've experienced roommate conflicts between interracial students that have both broken down stereotypes and reinforced stereotypes," said one Penn resident advisor (RA). The RA of two years added that while some conflicts "provided more multicultural acceptance and melding (融合)," there were also "jarring cultural confrontations."The RA said that these conflicts have also occurred among roommates of the same race.Kao said she cautions against forming any generalizations based on any one of the studies, noting that more background characteristics of the students need to be studied and explained. 21．What can we learn from some recent studies?A. Conflicts between students of different races are unavoidable.B. Students of different races are prejudiced against each other.C. Interracial lodging does more harm than good.D. Interracial lodging may have diverse outcomes.22．What does Sam Boakye's remark mean?A. White students tend to look down upon their black peers.B. Black students can compete with their white peers academically.C. Black students feel somewhat embarrassed among white peers during the freshman year.D. Being surrounded by white peers motivates a black student to work harder to succeed. 23．What does Alec Webley consider to be the "definition of integration"?A. The school randomly assigns roommates without regard to race.B. Students of different races are required to share a room.C. Interracial lodging is arranged by the school for freshmen.D. Lodging is assigned to students of different races without exception.【答案】DDA【解析】文章介绍了在大学中没有按照种族来划分宿舍，带来的种种后果。