大地测量学名词英语翻译
测绘专业英语中文翻译unit1
Uuit1什么是测绘学测绘学定义Geomatics－测绘或地球空间信息学，这个名词是怎么来的呢？大地测量学＋地理信息学＝GEOMATICS 测绘学或者geo 代表地球，matics 代表数学，或者geo 代表地球科学，matics 代表信息学。
据说测绘学这个词对不同的人有不同的理解。
这个术语作为一个学科第一次形成于加拿大；在过去的几年里被全世界的许多高等教育研究机构所熟知，通常是以前的“大地测量学”或“测量学”在引入了许多计算机科学和GIS 方向的课程后重新命名的。
随着新技术的发展和不断增长的对空间关系的信息类型的需求，尤其是在测量和监测我们的环境方面，现在，传统测量学定义连同日益增长的测量的重要性一起包含在这个术语里了。
日益增长的危机来自人口扩张，地价上涨，资源紧缩，还有由于人类活动引起的土地、水、空气质量的持续的压力。
这样，测绘学在地球科学，各种工程学，计算机科学，空间规划，土地开发和环境科学相互之间架起了广泛的桥梁。
在内的数个国际机构所采用，因此它就这样被普遍接受(be here to stay 习惯用语“被普遍接受”)。
surveyor 这个词按惯例用来总指（这换成“总称”较好）那些从事上述活动的人。
更具体的工作如土地测量员、工程测量员和水道测量员，一般被业内人士用来更准确的描述他们的专门技术。
(直译为：更清楚的工作描述就如如土地测量员、工程测量员和水道测量员，一般被从业者用来更准确的描述他们的专门技术。
)geomatics 这个术语是个新词，表达了实体集合和它们相关联的活动的自然科学，并使这些领域的未来技术发展的结合成为可能。
这个术语的采用同时也在全世界范围里为行业里和学校建立了一个一致的专业市场。
结果，世界上许多一流大学的传统的测量专业的无论是课程还是授予资格都改为“测绘学位”的了。
这并不意味着“surveyor”这个词的消亡，测绘毕业生还将从事适合他们专业的土地测量员、摄影测量员及其他的工作。
大地测量学
大地测量学，又称为测地学。
根据德国著名大地测量学家F.R. Helmert的经典定义，大地测量学是一门量测和描绘地球表面的科学。
也就是研究和测定地球形状、大小和地球重力场，以及测定地面点几何位置的学科。
它也包括确定地球重力场和海底地形，是测绘学的一个分支。
英文解释：A subdivision of geophysics which includes determination of the size and shape of the earth, the earth`s gravitational field, and the location of points fixed to the earth`s crust in an earth-referred coordinate system. (Source: MGH)"简介大地测量学是测量与制图的一个分支。
研究和确定地球的形状，大小和引力场，以及确定地面的几何位置。
在大地测量学中，确定地球的大小是指确定地球的椭球的大小。
对地球形状的研究是指对大地水准面的形状的研究。
确定接地点的几何位置是指参考地球的椭球确定接地点的位置。
接地点沿法线方向投影在地球椭球上。
该点的水平位置由椭球上投影点的大地纬度和经度表示，而该点的大地高程由地面点和投影点之间的法向距离表示。
该点的几何位置也可以通过以地球质心为原点的直角坐标系中的三维坐标表示。
大地测量的工作是为大型地形图提供水平位置控制网络和高程控制网络，为通过重力进行地下矿物勘探提供重力控制点，并为发射人造地球卫星提供地面站和重力场数据的精确坐标，导弹和各种航天器。
任务它的基本任务是研究地球，建立一个时变的地球参考系，研究地球形状及其外部重力场的理论和方法，研究极地运动的潮汐和地壳运动等地球动力学问题，以及研究地球动力学。
定位的理论和方法。
确定地球的形状及其外部重力场及其随时间的变化，建立统一的大地坐标系，研究地壳变形（包括地壳的垂直和水平运动），确定极运动，并确定地形的海面及其变化。
大地测量学英文词汇英文解释总结
ellipsoid will be called the normal gravity field. 26. Gravity anomaly : The differences between the true gravity and the normal gravity 27. Geodesic ：is the shortest line between two points on the Earth ellipsoid. r sin A C 28. prime vertical： an intersection curve of a plane, which contains the normal line and is perpendicular to the meridian circle, and the earth ellipsoid 29. Map projection: A method to project the ellipsoid surface to a developable surface. A method for representing all or part of a curved surface on a flat sheet 30. Conformal map ：A map that preserves angles and therefore shapes. 31. Gauss-Krüger Projection: is a ellipsoidal cylindrical tangent transverse conformal projection. 32. The Meridian Convergence: The angle between the meridian (the true north) and the grid north is called the meridian convergence. 33. UTM: The Universal Transverse Mercator. 34. Triangulation: Triangulation is a method to get positions of the angular vertices of series of triangles by measuring the internal angles with theodolite. 35. Trilateration: a trilateration network or a trilateration system in geodesy, which consists of a series of triangles with all the lengths sides measured by EDM instruments. 36. Traversing: A traverse is composed of a series of straight lines (also called traverse lines or traverse sections) connecting successive selected points whose positions are to be determined. 37. Geodetic Control Network: The geodetic control network is composed of a set of point marked on the ground surface of the Earth. 38. ITRS : International Terrestrial Reference system is a world spatial reference system co-rotating with the Earth in its diurnal motion in space. 39. ITRF: International Terrestrial Reference Frame is a set of points with their 3-dimensional cartesian coordinates and velocities based on ITRS. 40. IERS: International Earth Rotation Service is in charge of providing global references to the astronomical, geodetic and geophysical communities, supervises the realization of the ITRS. 41. Network RTK: (Real Time Kinematic). Network RTK is a technique to get precise positioning result based on CORS network. 42. IGS: International Global Navigation Satellite System (GNSS) Service. IGS is a voluntary federation of more than 200 worldwide agencies that pool resources and permanent GPS & GLONASS station data to generate precise GPS & GLONASS products. 43. Universal Time(UT): is defined by the earth spin period referenced to the sun. 44. GAST: is the time elapsed since a transit of the Greenwich meridian across the true vernal equinox. 45. UTC: coordinated universal time,which is kept within 0.9seconds of UT1 by second leap. UTC = TAI - n • (ls). 46. Sidereal Time(ST): is counted by the earth spin period referenced to the vernal equinox,with respect to stars. 47. TAI :International Atomic Time, is defined by atomic clocks that are under the influence of the gravitational field of the Earth． 48. Dynamical Time: is used as the independent variable in the equations of motion. 49. The Barycentric Dynamical Time (Temps Dynamique Barycentrique, TDB) is derived from orbital motions referred to the barycenter of the solar system
测量学英文专业术语
测量学英文专业术语第一章绪论测绘Surveying测定survey测设layout普通测量学General survey大地测量学geodetic survey摄影测量与遥感学Photogrammetry and remote sensing海洋测绘学Marine surveying工程测量学Engineering surveying制图学cartography测量基准面datum plane大地水准面Geoidal surface水准面level plane参考椭球面reference ellipsoid旋转椭球Rotating ellipsoid大地坐标系Geodetic coordinate system空间直角坐标系spatial rectangular coordinates独立平面直角坐标系Independent plane rectangular coordinate system 高斯平面直角坐标系Gauss plane rectangular coordinate system高斯投影Gaussian projection高程系统Vertical system曲率curvity/Curvature平面控制测量The plane control survey高程控制测量Elevation control survey第二章水准测量水准测量Leveling Surveying水平视线horizontal sight高程elevation height高差Difference of height后视backsight前视foresight水准尺Leveling rod水准仪The Level（instrument）尺垫turning point plate微倾式水准仪slightly leaning level（instrument）望远镜telescope水准气泡bubble基座base物镜objectives目镜eyepieces聚焦透镜the focus lens十字丝分划板the cross partition board目镜调焦螺旋eyepiece optical screw物镜调焦螺旋objectives optical screw管水准器tube level bubble圆水准器round level bubble三脚架The tripod视差parallax视准轴Collimation axis水准点Bench mark水准路线Leveling line闭合水准路线closed level route附合水准路线annexed level route支水准路线spur level route转点（Turning point）闭合差misclosures闭合差允许误差：Misclosure allowable error 检核check校正Calibration补偿器compensator第三章角度测量角度测量Angles surveying水平角Horizontal angle(HA)竖直角The vertical angle(VA)光学经纬仪optical theodolite照准部Collimation device望远镜Telescope,竖直度盘vertical dish, vertical circle水准管Level bubble读数设备Readings equipment水平度盘Horizontal dish测微尺Micro-distance measuring sensor垂球Plumb bob对中centring整平level光学对中器optical centering device侧回法Observation set method方向观测法direction observation method 竖直角指标误差Index error of vertical angle 竖轴The vertical axis VV水平轴The horizontal axis HH望远镜视准轴The telescope collimation CC对中误差Plummet error目标偏心差Target eccentric error电子经纬仪Electronic theodolite第四章距离测量和直线定向距离测量Distance surveying直线定向line orientation钢尺Steel tape定线Fixing line视距测量Stadia measurement电磁波测距仪Electromagnetic rangefinder微波测距仪Microwave rangefinder光电测距仪Photoelectric rangefinder激光测距仪Laser rangefinder红外测距仪Infrared rangefinder相位测距仪Phase type rangefinder脉冲式测距仪Pulsed rangefinder全反射棱镜Total reflecting prisms真北方向True north direction磁北方向Magnetic north direction坐标北方向Coordinates north direction方位角Azimuth真方位角True azimuth (A)磁方位角Magnetic azimuth(Am)坐标方位角Grid azimuth(α)磁偏角Magnetic declination子午线收敛角meridian convergence罗盘compass第五章全站仪测量全站仪TOTAL STATION水平制动、微动螺旋Horizontal motion clamp, Horizontal tangent screw 光学对中器Optical plummet telescope粗瞄镜Sighting collimator物镜Objective lens整平脚螺旋Leveling screw竖直制动、微动螺旋Vertical motion clamp, Vertical tangent screw目镜Telescope eyepiece管水准器Plate level圆水准器Circle level单棱镜组Single prism system超站仪(Smart station) Automatic total station , ultra station instrument 交会测量Resection measurement放样测量Setting-out survey对边测量Missing Line Measurement (MLM)悬高测量Remote Elevation Measurement (REM)第六章测量误差的基本理论测量平差：Surveying Adjustment测量误差：surveying errors系统误差：Systematic error偶然误差：random error；accidental error最或是值：The most probable value多余观测：Redundant observation算术平均值：arithmetic average ；Arithmetic means精度指标：Accuracy index中误差：Root mean square error (RMSE)允许误差：Allowable error相对误差：Relative error观测值改正数：Observation correction value误差传播定律：Law of errors propagation全微分：Total differential权：Weight加权平均值：The weighted average （mean）权倒数传播定律：Weight reciprocal propagation law第七章控制测量控制测量：Control surveying碎部测量：detailed surveying平面控制网:Plane control network高程控制网:Elevation control network小区域控制网：Small area control network控制点：control points国家控制网：State Control netGPS测量：GPS surveying导线测量：traverse surveying三角测量：trigonometric survey三边测量：trilateral surveying光电测距仪：photoelectric rangefinder闭合导线：Closed traverse;附和导线：Connecting traverse;支导线：Open traverse.野外勘察：Field reconnaissance坐标方位角：Coordinates azimuth交会定点：Intersection fixed-point测边交会：Side-surveying intersection第八章大比例尺地形图测绘大比例尺地形图测绘：Topographic Surveying and Mapping in Large Scale 地形:Terrain地物:Ground feature地貌:Landscape比例尺:Scale依比例符号：Proportional symbols非比例符号：Disproportional symbols半比例尺符号（线性符号）:Semi- Disproportional symbols (Linear symbols )地形图图式:map schemata地貌符号:Landscape symbols等高线:Contour line注记符号:Note symbols等高距:contour interval等高线平距:contour horizontal distance山头:Peak洼地:depressions示坡线:slope line山脊:Ridge与山谷: valley合水线:Close waterline分水线:watershed line鞍部（垭口）:Saddle陡坡:Steep悬崖:cliff首曲线（又称基本等高线）:intermediate contour计曲线（又称加粗等高线）:index contour间曲线（又称半距等高线）:half-interval contour地形图分幅与编号:Subdivision and index梯形分幅与编号:Trapezoid subdivision and index平板仪及其使用:Plane table视距丝:Stadia silk竖直角的竖盘:Perpendicular plate地形图的拼接:splice地形图的整饰:trim第九章大比例尺地形图的应用图号、图名和接图表：map number, map name, adjacent map chart 图廓：Map border比例尺：Scale坡度比例尺：Slope scale横断面：transverse section纵断面: Longitudinal section, Vertical section, Longitudinal profile汇水面积：catchment area土方量估算：Earthwork estimatingHighway route slection：高速路选线数字地面模型：Digital terrain model （DTM）第十章施工测量的基本工作。
测绘类英语词汇（D）_地质专业英语词汇
打样 proofing大比例尺测图 large scale topographical mapping大潮升 spring rise大地测量边值问题 geodetic boundary value problem大地测量参考系 geodetic reference system大地测量数据库 geodetic database大地测量学 geodesy大地测量仪器 geodetic instrument大地方位角 geodetic azimuth大地高 ellipsoidal height大地高 geodetic height大地基准 geodetic datum大地经度 geodetic longitude大地水准面 geoid大地水准面高 geoidal height大地水准面高 geoidal undulation大地天顶延迟 atmosphere zenith delay大地天文学 geodetic astronomy大地网 geodetic network大地纬度 geodetic latitude大地线 geodesic大地原点 geodetic origin大地主题反解 inverse solution of geodetic problem大地坐标 geodetic coordinate大地坐标系 geodetic coordinate system大陆架地形测量 continental shelf topographic survey大陆架地形测量 continental shelf topographic survey大气传输特性 characteristics of atmospheric transmission 大气传输特性 characteristics of atmospheric transmission大气窗 atmospheric window大气改正,*气象改正 atmospheric correction大气透过率 atmospheric transmissivity大气噪声 atmospheric noise大气阻力摄动 atmospheric drag perturbation大像幅摄影机 large format camera大像幅摄影机 lfc大洋地势图 gebco大洋地势图 general bathymetric chart of the oceans大圆航线图 great circle sailing chart带谐系数 coefficient of zonal harmonics带谐系数 coefficient of zonal harmonics带状平面图 zone plan单差相位观测 single difference phase observation单点定位 point positioning单片坐标量测仪 monocomparator单位权 unit weight单位权方差，*方差因子 variance of unit weight弹道摄影测量 ballistic photogrammetry弹道摄影机 ballistic camera当地平均海面 local mean sea level挡差改正 correction of scale difference挡差改正 correction of scale difference导标 leading beacon导弹定向测量 missile orientation survey导弹试验场工程测量 engineering survey of missile test site 导航台定位测量 navigation station location survey导航台定位测量 navigation station location survey导航图 navigation chart导航图 navigation chart导航线，*叠标线 leading line导入高程测量 induction height survey导线边 traverse leg导线测量 traverse survey导线点 traverse point导线横向误差 lateral error of traverse导线角度闭合差 angle closing error of traverse导线结点 junction point of traverses导线曲折系数 meandering coefficient of traverse导线全长闭合差 total length closing error of traverse 导线网 traverse network导线相对闭合差 relative length closing error of traverse 导线折角 traverse angle导线纵向误差 longitudinal error of traverse岛屿测量 island survey岛屿联测 island-mainland connection survey岛屿图 island chart倒锤[线]观测，倒锤法 inverse plummet observation灯[光性]质 characteristic of light灯[光性]质 characteristic of light灯标 light beacon灯船 light ship灯船 light vessel灯浮标 light buoy灯高 height of light灯光节奏 flashing rhythm of light灯光射程 light range灯光遮蔽 eclipse灯光周期 light period灯色 light color灯塔 light house等比线 isometric parallel等高距 contour interval等高距 contour interval等高棱镜 contour prism等高棱镜 contour prism等高线 contour等高线 contour等高仪 astrolabe等积投影 equivalent projection等级结构 hierarchical organization等角定位格网 equiangular positioning grid等角条件，*正形投影 conformal projection等角条件，*正形投影 conformal projection等精度[曲线]图 equiaccuracy chart等距量表 interval scaling等距投影 equidistant projection等距圆弧格网 equilong circle arc grid等量纬度 isometric latitude等偏摄影 parallel-averted photography等倾摄影 equally tilted photography等权代替法 method of equalweight substitution 等值灰度尺 equal value gray scale等值区域图，*分区量值地图 choroplethic map等值区域图，*分区量值地图 choroplethic map等值线地图 isoline map等值线法 isoline method低潮线 low water line底板测点 floor station底点纬度 latitude of pedal底色去除 under color removal底色增益 under color addition底质 bottom characteristics底质 quality of the bottom底质采样 bottom characteristics sampling 底质调查 bottom characteristics exploration 底质分布图 bottom sediment chart地产界测量 property boundary survey地磁经纬仪 magnetism theodolite地磁仪 magnetometer地底点 ground nadir point地固坐标系 body-fixed coordinate system 地固坐标系 earth-fixed coordinate system 地基系统 ground-based system地极坐标系 coordinate system of the pole 地极坐标系 coordinate system of the pole 地籍 cadastre地籍 cadastre地籍簿 land register地籍册 cadastral lists地籍册 cadastral lists地籍测量 cadastral survey地籍测量 cadastral survey地籍调查 cadastral inventory地籍调查 cadastral inventory地籍更新 renewal of the cadastre地籍管理 cadastral survey manual地籍管理 cadastral survey manual地籍图 cadastral map地籍图 cadastral map地籍修测 cadastral revision地籍修测 cadastral revision地籍制图 cadastral mapping地籍制图 cadastral mapping地界测量 land boundary survey地壳均衡 isostasy地壳均衡改正 isostatic correction地壳形变观测 crust deformation measurement地壳形变观测 crust deformation measurement地块测量 parcel survey地类界图 land boundary map地理格网 geographic grid地理视距 geographical viewing distance地理信息传输 geographic information communication 地理信息系统 geographic information system地理信息系统 gis地理坐标 geographic graticule地理坐标参考系 geographical reference system地貌图 geomorphological map地貌形态示量图 morphometric map地面接收站 ground receiving station地面立体测图仪 terrestrial stereoplotter地面摄谱仪 terrestrial spectrograph地面摄影测量 terrestrial photogrammetry地面摄影机 terrestrial camera地面实况 ground truth地面照度 illuminance of ground地名 geographical name地名 place name地名标准化 place-name standardization地名录 gazetteer地名数据库 place-name database地名索引 geographical name index地名通名 geographical general name地名学 toponomastics地名学 toponymy地名转写 geographical name transcription地名转写 geographical name transliteration地平线摄影机 horizon camera地平线像片 horizon photograph地倾斜观测 ground tilt measurement地球定向参数 earth orientation parameter地球定向参数 eop地球同步卫星 geo-synchronous satellite地球椭球 earth ellipsoid地球位，*大地位 geopotential地球位数 geopotential number地球位系数 potential coefficient of the earth地球形状 earth shape地球形状 figure of the earth地球仪 globe地球引力摄动 terrestrial gravitational perturbation地球重力场模型 earth gravity model地球资源卫星 earth resources technology satellite地球资源卫星 erts地球自转参数 earth rotation parameter地球自转参数 erp地球自转角速度 rotational angular velocity of the earth 地势图 hypsometric map地图 map地图编绘 map compilation地图编辑 map editing地图编辑大纲 map editorial policy地图表示法 cartographic presentation 地图表示法 cartographic presentation 地图传输 cartographic communication 地图传输 cartographic communication 地图叠置分析 map overlay analysis地图分类 cartographic classification地图分类 cartographic classification地图分析 cartographic analysis地图分析 cartographic analysis地图符号库 map symbols bank地图符号学 cartographic semiology地图符号学 cartographic semiology地图负载量 map load地图复杂性 map complexity地图复制 map reproduction地图感受 map perception地图更新 map revision地图集信息系统 atlas information system 地图利用 map use地图量算法 cartometry地图量算法 cartometry地图模型，*制图模型 cartographic model 地图模型，*制图模型 cartographic model 地图内容结构 cartographic organization 地图内容结构 cartographic organization 地图判读 map interpretation地图评价 cartographic evaluation地图潜信息 cartographic potential information 地图潜信息 cartographic potential information 地图清晰性 map clarity地图色标 color chart地图色标 color chart地图色标 map color standard地图色谱 map color atlas地图设计 map design地图数据结构 map data structure地图数据库 cartographic database地图数据库 cartographic database地图数字化 map digitizing地图投影 map projection地图显示 map display地图信息 cartographic information地图信息 cartographic information地图信息系统 cartographic information system 地图信息系统 cis地图信息系统 cartographic information system 地图信息系统 cis地图选取 cartographic selection地图选取 cartographic selection地图学 cartography地图学 cartography地图研究法 cartographic methodology地图研究法 cartographic methodology地图易读性 map legibility地图印刷 map printing地图语法 cartographic syntactics地图语言 cartographic language地图语言 cartographic language地图语义 cartographic semantics地图语义 cartographic semantics地图语用 cartographic pragmatics地图语用 cartographic pragmatics地图阅读 map reading地图整饰 map decoration地图制图 map making地图制图软件 cartographic software地图制图软件 cartographic software地图注记 map lettering地下管线测量 underground pipeline survey地下铁道测量 subway survey地下铁道测量 underground railway survey地下油库测量 underground oil depot survey地心经度 geocentric longitude地心纬度 geocentric latitude地心引力常数 geocentric gravitational constant 地心坐标系 geocentric coordinate system地形测量 topographic survey地形底图 base map of topography地形改正 topographic correction地形数据库 topographic database地形图 topographic map地形图更新 revision of topographic map地形图图式 topographic map symbols地震台精密测量 precise survey at seismic station 地质测量 geological survey地质点测量 geological point survey地质略图 geological scheme地质剖面测量 geological profile survey地质剖面图 geological section map典型图形平差 adjustment of typical figures点方式 point mode点位中误差 mean square error of a point点下对中 centering under point点下对中 centering under point点状符号 point symbol电磁波测距 electromagnetic distance measurement电磁波测距仪electromagnetic distance measuring instrument电磁传播[时延]改正 correction for radio wave propagation of time signal电磁传播[时延]改正 correction for radio wave propagation of time signal电荷耦合器件 ccd电荷耦合器件 charge-coupled device电荷耦合器件 ccd电荷耦合器件 charge-coupled device电离层折射改正 ionospheric refraction correction电子测距仪 edm电子测距仪 electronic distance measuring instrument电子出版系统 electronic publishing system电子地图集 electronic atlas电子分色机 color scanner电子分色机 color scanner电子海图 electronic map电子海图数据库 ecdb电子海图数据库 electronic chart database电子海图显示和信息系统 ecdis电子海图显示和信息系统electronic chart display and information system电子经纬仪 electronic theodolite电子平板仪 electronic plane-table电子求积仪 electronic planimeter电子水准仪 electronic level电子速测仪，*全站仪 electronic tachometer电子显微摄影测量 nanophotogrammetry电子显微摄影测量 nanophotogrammetry电子相关 electronic correlation电子印像机 electronic printer调绘 annotation调焦误差 error of focusing调频频率 modulation frequency调制传递函数 modulation transfer function调制传递函数 mtf调制器 modulator叠栅条纹图，*莫尔条纹图moiré topography顶板测点 roof station定深扫海 sweeping at definite depth定位标记 positioning mark定位点间距 positioning interval定位检索，*开窗检索 retrieval by windows定位统计图表法 positioning diagram method定线测量 alignment survey定向连接点 connection point定向连接点 connection point for orientation定向连接点 connection point定向连接点 connection point for orientation定性检索 retrieval by header定影 fixing动感 autokinetic effect动画引导 animated steering动画制图 animated mapping动态定位 kinematic positioning独立交会高程点 elevation point by independent intersection 独立模型法空中三角测量independent model aerial triangulation独立坐标系 independent coordinate system度盘 circle度盘 circle断面仪 profiler对景图 front view对流层折射改正 tropospheric refraction correction对数尺 logarithmic scale对中杆 centering rod对中杆 centering rod多倍仪 multiplex多边形地图 polygonal map多边形结构 polygon structure多边形平差法 adjustment by method of polygon多波束测探 multibeam echosounding多波束测探系统 multibeam sounding system多层结构 multi layer organization多级纠正 multistage rectification多焦点投影 polyfocal projection多路径效应 multipath effect多媒体地图 multimedia map多年平均海面 multi-year mean sea level多谱段扫描仪 mss多谱段扫描仪 multispectral scanner多谱段摄影 multispectral photography多谱段摄影机 multispectral camera多谱段遥感 multispectral remote sensing多时相分析 multi-temporal analysis多时相遥感 multi-temporal remote sensing多星等高法 equal-altitude method of multi-star 多用途地籍 multi-purpose cadastre多余观测 redundant observation多圆锥投影 polyconic projection。
测绘专业名词中英文大地测量学
02.001 大地测量geodetic surveying02.002 几何大地测量学geometric geodesy02.003 椭球面大地测量学ellipsoidal geodesy02.004 大地天文学geodetic astronomy02.005 物理大地测量学(又称“大地重力学”) physical geodesy 02.006 空间大地测量学space geodesy02.007 卫星大地测量学satellite geodesy02.008 动力大地测量学dynamic geodesy02.009 海洋大地测量学marine geodesy02.010 月面测量学lunar geodesy，selenodesy02.011 行星测量学planetary geodesy02.012 天文大地网(又称“国家大地网”) astro--geodetic network 02.013 参考椭球reference ellipsoid02.014 贝塞尔椭球Bessel ellipsoid02.015 海福德椭球Hayford ellipsoid02.016 克拉索夫斯基椭球Krasovsky ellipsoid02.017 参考椭球定位orientation of reference ellipsoid02.018 大地基准geodetic datum02.019 大地坐标系geodetic coordinate system02.020 弧度测量arc measurement02.021 拉普拉斯方位角Laplace azimuth02.022 拉普拉斯点Laplace point02.023 三角测量triangulation02.024 三角点triangulation point02.025 三角锁triangulation chain02.026 三角网triangulation network02.027 图形权倒数weight reciprocal of figure02.028 菲列罗公式Ferreros formula02.029 施赖伯全组合测角法Schreiber method in all combinations02.030 方向观测法method of direction observation，method by series 02.031 测回observation set02.032 归心元素elements of centring02.033 归心改正correction for centring02.034 水平折光差(又称“旁折光差”) horizontal refraction error 02.035 基线测量base measurement02.036 基线baseline02.037 基线网base network02.038 精密导线测量precise traversing02.039 三角高程测量trigonometric leveling02.040 三角高程网trigonometric leveling network02.041 铅垂线plumb line02.042 天顶距zenith distance02.043 高度角elevation angle， altitude angle02.044 垂直折光差vertical refraction error02.045 垂直折光系数vertical refraction coefficient02.046 国家水准网national leveling network02.047 精密水准测量Precise leveling02.048 水准面level surface02.049 高程height02.050 正高orthometric height02.051 正常高normal height02.052 力高dynamic height02.053 地球位数geopotential number02.054 水准点benchmark02.055 水准路线leveling line02.056 跨河水准测量river－crossing leveling02.057 椭球长半径major radius of ellipsoid02.058 椭球扁率flattening of ellipsoid02.059 椭球偏心率eccentricity of ellipsoid02.060 子午面meridian plane02.061 子午圈meridian02.062 卯酉圈prime vertical02.063 平行圈parallel circle02.064 法截面normal section02.065 子午圈曲率半径radius of curvature in meridian02.066 卯酉圈曲率半径radius of curvature in prime vertical02.067 平均曲率半径mean radius of curvature02.068 大地线geodesic02.069 大地线微分方程differential equation of geodesic02.070 大地坐标geodetic coordinate02.071 大地经度geodetic longitude02.072 大地纬度geodetic latitude02.073 大地高geodetic height，ellipsoidal height02.074 大地方位角geodetic azimuth02.075 天文大地垂线偏差astro—geodetic deflection of the vertical 02.076 垂线偏差改正correction for deflection of the vertical02.077 标高差改正correction for skew normals02.078 截面差改正correction from normal section to geodetic02.079 大地主题正解direct solution of geodetic problem02.080 大地主题反解 inverse solution of geodetic problem02.081 高斯中纬度公式Gauss mid—latitude formula02.082 贝塞尔大地主题解算公式Bessel formula for solution of geodetic problem02.083 高斯一克吕格投影Gauss－Kruger projection又称“高斯投影”。
测绘工程专业英语(中国地质大学长城学院)
一、名词解释：1、Surveying (测量学）is the art of making such measurements of the relative positions of points on the surface of Earth that,on drawing them to scale natural and artificial features may be exhibited in their correct horizontal or vertical relationships.2、Plane surveying （平面测量)is of wide scope and utility,and its methods are e mployed in the vast majorit y of surveys undertaken for various purposes,such as en gineering ,architectural,legal,c ommercial,scientific,geograph ical,exploratory,military,and n avigational.3、Geodetic surveys（大地测量）are usually of a nati onal character,occasionally w orks of international coopera tion,and they are undertaken as basis for the production of accurate maps of wide areas.4、Leveling（水准测量) is t he general term applied to a ny of the various processes by which elevations of point s or differences in elevation are determined.5、The theodolite （经纬仪）is an instrument designed for the measurement of hori zontal and vertical angles.It is the most precise instrume nt available for such observ ations,and is of wide applica bility in surveying.6、A traverse（导线）is a series of consecutive lines whose lengths and directions have been determined from field measurements7、Traversing(导线测量）,the act of establishing traverse stations and making the ne cessary measurements,is one of the most basic and wid ely practiced means of deter mining the relative locations of points.8、Azimuths（方位角）are measured clockwise from th e north end of the meridian through the angle points. 9、Topographic surveys（地形测量）are made to deter mine the configuration (relie f) of the earth’s surface and to locate natural and cultur al features on it.10、A topographic map（地形图）is a large scale repres entation of a portion of theEarth’s showing culture, relief, hydrography, and perhaps vegetation.11、Systematic-Error(系统误差）:These-errors conformto mathematical and physical laws.Their magnitude maybe constant or variable depending on conditions.12、Radom error(偶然误差）：These are errors that remain after mistakes and systematic errors have been eliminated.13、Precision(精度)refers to the degree of refinementor consistency of a group of measurements.14、Accuracy(准确度）which denotes the absolute nearness of measured quantities to their true values.二、填空1、The metal case is attached to some part of the instrument in such a way as topermit some (adjustment) of the position.2、Transits,are instrumentswhich ..... Along the verticalplane (altitude) as well asthe horizontal plane (azimuth).3、These instruments are (tripods),plane tables,(level rods),chains,and (tapes).4、As can be observed ,EDM systems are made up ofthree components-(a transmitter),(a reflector),and (a receiver).5、....the telescope must becapable of rotation about a(horizontal axis),for measurement of horizonal angles,the instrument must be rotatedabout a (vertical axis).6、There must be an (indexmark) on the rotating part,placed so that readings canbe taken against it on the(graduated circle).7、.....the observer operatesa setting device to obtain a(mean reading) free from(eccentricity error).8、If the (plumb bob) is not over the point,the (centering screw) can be loosenedand the.......9、These notes include directions.....stations with (fourdifferent positions).Two readings were taken on each position (one with the telescope normal or direct and onewith the instrument (reversed or plunged)).10、The line is determinedby a telescope with the usual components consisting of(object glass),(focusing arrangement),(diaphragm withcross-lines), and (eye-piece).11、A level fitted with (horizontal circle) and (stadia lines) can be used to make acomplete (three-dimensional) survey of a limited area round the instrument.12、Levels are used to obtain the direct measurement of （height differences）between two points.13、Which transmit either (modulated laser) or (infrared light) having wavelengths within or slightly beyondthe ......14、Which transmits (microwaves) with (frequencies) in the range of 3 to 35GHZcorresponding to wavelength of about 1.0 to 8.6 mm.15、The methods used in measuring angles or directionsof traverse lines vary,and include (compass bearings），（interior angles),(deflection angles),(angles to the right),(azimuths).16、The instrument is oriented at each station by (backsighting) on the previous point with （the back bearingset) on the plates.17、(Electronic devices) and (taping) are used most often and provide the highestorder of accuracy.18、On construction work,(allowable limits of closure)depend on the use and extent of the traverse and typeof project.Bright location, for example ,demands a highdegree of precision.19、Vertical control is provided by bench marks in or near the tract to be surveyed.It becomes the foundation for correctly portraying reliefon a map,A （vertical control net)is established by (lines of levels）starting fromand closing on bench marks.三、翻译：1、It is convenient to considerthat a bubble tube has anaxis,which may be taken as astraight line parallel to the freesurface of the liquid when thebubble is in the centralposition determined by thegraduation marks.当气泡处于分划线所确定的中心位置时，我们可以很容易想像水准管有一个轴，这个轴可以看作是一条与液体的自由表面平行的直线。
测绘专业英语词汇简
测绘专业英语测绘学：geomatics， surveying and mapping， SM；中华人民共和国测绘法：Surveying and Mapping Law of the People's Republic of China；测绘标准：standards of surveying and mapping；测量规范：specifications of surveys；地形图图式：topographic map symbols；大地测量学：geodesy；地球形状：earth， shape， figure of the earth；重力基准：gravity datum；重力场：gravity field；地心坐标系：geocentric coordinate system；地球椭球：earth ellipsoid；大地原点：geodetic origin；水准原点：leveling origin；。
测量标志：survey mark；测量觇标：observation target；大地基准：geodetic datum；深度基准：sounding datum；高程基准：height datum；1954北京坐标系：Beijing Geodetic Coordinate System 1954；1980西安坐标系：Xi'an Geodetic Coordinate System 1980；1985国家高程基准：National Vertical Datum 1985；高程系统：height system；平均海[水]面：mean sea level；黄海平均海[水]面：Huang Hai mean sea level；海拔：height above sea level；全球定位系统：global positioning system， GPS；惯性测量系统：inertial surveying system， ISS；摄影测量与遥感学：photogrammetry and remote sensing；矿山测量：mine survey；遥感：remote sensing；图像：picture；影像：image， imagery；图形：graphics；数字地面模型：digital terrain model， DTM；图像处理：image processing；遥感模式识别：pattern recognition of remote sensing；地图学：cartography；地理坐标：geographic graticule；经纬［线］网：fictitous graticule；坐标格网：coordinate grid；地理坐标参考系：geographical reference system；地图：map；地形图：topographic map；平面图：plane；地图投影：map projection；机助地图制图：computer-aided cartography， computer-assisted cartography， CAC；遥感制图：remote sensing mapping；地名学：toponomastics， toponymy；地名：geographical name， place name；工程测量学：engineering surveying；比例尺：scale；基本比例尺：basic scale；等高线：contour；等高距：contour interval；测量误差：observation magement error；测量平差：survey adjustment， adjustment of observations；精度估计：precision estimation；精［密］度：precision；准确度：accuracy；偶然误差：accident error， random error；系统误差：systematic error；粗差：gross error；中误差：root mean square error， RMSE；置信度：confidence；标准差：standard deviation；地理信息系统：geographic information system， GIS；国家基础地理信息系统：national fundamental geographic information system；空间数据库管理系统：spatial database management system；大地测量数据库：geodetic database；重力数据库：gravimetric database；地形数据库：topographic database；影像数据库：image database；地图数据库：cartographic database；地名数据库：place-name database；数字地籍数据库：Digital cadastral database， DCDB；土地信息系统：land information system， LIS；海洋测绘数据库：marine charting database；海洋测绘：marine charting；测绘仪器：instrument of surveying and mapping；3S集成：3S integration， integration of GPS， RS and GIS technology；空间数据基础设施：spatial data infrastructure， SDI；中国测绘学会：Chinese Society of Geodesy， Photogrammetry and Cartography， CSGPC；亚太区域地理信息系统基础设施常设委员会：Permanent Committee on GIS Infrastructure for Asia and the Pacific， PCGIAP；国际测绘联合会：International Union of Surveying and Mapping， IUSM；国际测量师联合会：Fédération Internationale des Géométres， FIG；国际大地测量协会：International Association of Geodesy， IAG；国际摄影测量与遥感学会：International Society for Photogrammetry and Remote Sensing， ISPRS；摄国际制图协会：International Cartographic Association， ICA；国际矿山测量学会：International Society of Mine Sureying；国际海道测量组织：International Hydrography Organization， IHO；几何大地测量学：geometric geodesy；椭球面大地测量学：ellipsoidal geodesy；大地天文学：geodetic astronomy；物理大地测量学：physical geodesy；空间大地测量学：space geodesy；卫星大地测量学：satellite geodesy；动力大地测量学：dynamic geodesy；海洋大地测量学：marine geodesy；行星大地测量学：planetary geodesy；大地网：geodetic network；天文大地网：astro-geodetic network；参考椭球：reference ellipsoid；贝塞尔椭球：Bessel ellipsoid；国际地球自转服务局：International Earth Rotation Service， IERS；国际天球参考架：international celestial reference frame， ICRF；国际地球参考架：international terrestrial reference frame， ITRF；海福德椭球：Hayford ellipsoid；克拉索夫斯基椭球：Krasovsky ellipsoid；参考椭球定位：orientation of reference ellipsoid；大地坐标系：geodetic coordinate system；拉普拉斯方位角：Laplace azimuth；拉普拉斯点：Laplace point；三角测量：triangulation；三角点：triangulation point；三角锁：triangulation chain；三角网：triangulation network；图形权倒数：weight reciprocal of figure；菲列罗公式：Ferrero's formula；方向观测法：method of direction observation， method by series；测回：observation set；归心元素：elements of centring；归心改正：correction for centring；水平折光差：horizontal refraction error；基线：base line；基线测量：base line measurement；基线网：base line network；精密导线测量：precise traversing；三角高程测量：trigonometric leveling；三角高程网：trigonometric leveling network；铅垂线：plumb line；天顶距：zenith distance， zenith angle；高度角：elevation angle， altitude angle；垂直折光差：vertical refraction error；垂直折光系数：vertical refraction coefficient；水准网：leveling network；精密水准测量：precise leveling；水准面：level surface；地球位数：geopotential number；高程：height；正高：orthometric height；正常高：normal height；力高：dynamic height；水准路线：leveling line；水准点：benchmark；跨河水准测量：river-crossing leveling；椭球长半轴：semimajor axis of ellipsoid；椭球短半轴：semiminor axis of ellipsoid；椭球扁率：flattening of ellipsoid；椭球偏心率：eccentricity of ellipsoid；子午面：meridian plane；子午圈：meridian；法截面：normal section；卯酉面：prime vertical plane；卯酉圈：prime vertical；平行圈：parallel circle；子午圈曲率半径：radius of curvature in meridian；卯酉圈曲率半径：radius of curvature in prime vertical；平均曲率半径：mean radius of curvature；大地线：geodesic；大地线微分方程：differential equation of geodesic；大地坐标：geodetic coordinate；大地经度：geodetic longitude；大地纬度：geodetic latitude；大地高：geodetic height，大地方位角：geodetic azimuth；天文大地垂线偏差：astro-geodetic deflection of the vertical；重力垂线偏差：gravimetric deflection of the vertical；垂线偏差改正：correction for deflection of the vertical；标高差改正：correction for skew normals；截面差改正：correction from normal section to geodesic；大地主题正解：direct solution of geodetic problem；大地主题反解：inverse solution of geodetic problem；高斯中纬度公式：Gauss midlatitude formula；贝塞尔大地主题解算公式：Bessel formula for solution of geodetic problem；高斯-克吕格投影：Gauss-Krüger projection；归化纬度：reduced latitude；等量纬度：isometric latitude；中央子午线：central meridian；分带子午线：zone dividing meridian；高斯平面子午线收敛角：Gauss grid convergence；高斯投影距离改正：distance correction in Gauss projection；高斯投影方向改正：arc-to-chord correction in Gauss projection；底点纬度：latitude of pedal；高斯平面坐标系：Gauss plane coordinate system；坐标方位角：grid bearing；天文点：astronomical point；本初子午线：prime meridian；经度起算点：origin of longitude；极移：polar motion；瞬时极：instantaneous pole；平极：mean pole；固定平极：fixed mean pole；历元平极：mean pole of the epoch；国际协议原点：Conventional International Origin， CIO；地极坐标系：coordinates of the pole；地球自转参数：earth rotation parameter， ERP；恒星时：sidereal time；世界时：universal time， UT；儒略日：Jalian Day；国际原子时：international atomic time， IAT；协调世界时：coordinated universal time， UTC；天文年历：astronomical ephemeris， astronomical almanac；FK4星表：Fourth Fundamental Catalogue， FK4；FK5星表：Fifth Fundamental Catalogue， FK5；中国大地测量星表：Chinese Geodetic Stars Catalogue， CGSC；天文经度：astronomical longitude；天文纬度：astronomical latitude；钱德勒摆动：Chandler wobble；天文方位角：astronomical azimuth；津格尔［星对］测时法：method of time determination by Zinger star-pair；中天法：transit method；恒星中天测时法：method of time determination by star transit；塔尔科特测纬度法：Talcott method of latitude determination；多星等高法：equal-altitude method of multi-star；北极星任意时角法：method by hour angle of Polaris；时号：time signal；协调世界时时号：time signal in UTC；收时：time receiving；时号改正数：correction to time signal；电磁波传播［时延］改正：correction for radio wave propagation of time signal轴颈误差：error of pivot；人仪差：personal and instrumental equation；重力位：gravity potential；重力：gravity；岁差：precession；章动：nutation；矢量重力测量：vector gravimetry；引力：gravitation；离心力：centrifugal force；引力位：gravitational potential；离心力位：potential of centrifugal force；正常引力位：normal gravitational potential；正常重力位：normal gravity potential；地球位：geopotential；扰动位：disturbing potential；正常水准椭球：normal level ellipsoid；正常重力场：normal gravity field；正常重力：normal gravity；正常重力线：normal gravity line；正常重力公式：normal gravity formula；平均地球椭球：mean earth ellipsoid；大地测量参考系：geodetic reference system；地心引力常数：geocentric gravitational constant；地球自转角速度：rotational angular velocity of the earth；地球重力场模型：earth gravity model；地球位系数：potential coefficient of the earth；带谐系数：coefficient of zonal harmonics；扇谐系数：coefficient of sectorial harmonics；田谐系数：coefficient of tesseral harmonics；克莱罗定理：Clairaut theorem；大地测量边值问题：geodetic boundary value problem；斯托克斯理论：Stokes theory；斯托克斯公式：Stokes formula；莫洛坚斯基理论：Molodensky theory；莫洛坚斯基公式：Molodensky formula；布耶哈马问题：Bjerhammar problem；布隆斯公式：Bruns formula；维宁•曼尼斯公式：Vening-Meinesz formula；大地水准面：geoid；似大地水准面：quasi-geoid；近似地形面：telluroid；大地水准面高：geoidal height， geoidal undulation；高程异常：height anomaly；天文水准：astronomical leveling；天文重力水准：astro-gravimetric leveling；重力测量：gravity measurement；微重力测量：microgravimetry；绝对重力测量：absolute gravity measurement；相对重力测量：relative gravity measurement；航空重力测量：airborne gravity measurement；重力梯度测量：gravity gradient measurement， gradiometry；重力基线：gravimetric baseline；重力点：gravimetric point；基本重力点：basic gravimetric point；全球导航卫星系统：Global Navigation Satellite System， GLONASS；地基系统：ground-based system；空基系统：space-based system；多里斯系统：Doppler Orbitograph and Radio Positioning Intergrated by Satellite， DORIS；普拉烈系统：Precise Range and Rangerate Equipment， PRARE；波茨坦重力系统：Potsdam gravimetric system；海军导航卫星系统：Navy Navigation Satellite System， NNSS；零漂改正：correction of zero drift；重力潮汐改正：correction of gravity measurement for tide；重力归算：gravity reduction；空间改正：free-air correction；地形改正：topographic correction；差分：GPS differential GPS；静态定位：static positioning；动态定位：kenamatic positioning；相对定位：relative positioning；单点定位：point positioning；单差相位观测：single difference phase observation；双差相位观测：double difference phase observation；三差相位观测：triple difference phase observation；周跳：cycle slip；相位模糊度解算：phase ambiguity resolution；法伊改正：Faye correction；地壳均衡改正：isostatic correction；层间改正：plate correction；布格改正：Bouguer correction；重力异常：gravity anomaly；布格异常：Bouguer anomaly；空间异常：free-air anomaly；纯重力异常：pure gravity anomaly；重力垂直梯度：vertical gradient of gravity；重力水平梯度：horizontal gradient of gravity；重力异常阶方差：degree variance of gravity anomaly；协方差函数：covariance function；固体潮：[solid] Earth tide；重力固体潮观测：gravity observation of Earth tide；地倾斜观测：ground tilt measurement；地壳形变观测：crust deformation measurement；监测网：monitoring network；引潮位：tide-generating potential；引潮力：tide-generating force；海潮模型：ocean tidal model；平衡潮：equilibrium tide；负荷潮：load tide；附加位：additional potential；潮汐波：tidal wave；杜德森常数：Doodson constant；勒夫数：Love's number；志田数：Shida's number；潮汐因子：tidal factor；地球动力扁率：dynamic ellipticity of the earth；地球动力因子：dynamic factor of the earth；冰后回弹：post glacial rebound；地壳均衡：isostasy；惯性坐标系：inertial coordinate system；天球坐标系：celestial coordinate system；轨道坐标系：orbital coordinate system；地固坐标系：body-fixed coordinate system， earth-fixed coordinate system；站心坐标系：topocentric coordinate system；地心经度：geocentric longitude；地心纬度：geocentric latitude；平移参数：translation parameters；旋转参数：rotation parameters；地球定向参数：earth orientation parameter， EOP；尺度参数：scale parameter；受摄轨道：disturbed orbit；平均运动：mean motion；卫星高度：satellite altitude；卫星星下点：aub-satellite point；托帕克斯卫星：TOPEX/POSEIDON， T/P；欧洲遥感卫星：Europe Remote Sensing Satellite， ERS；卫星构形：satellite configuration；卫星运动方程：equation of satellite motion；摄动力：disturbing force；卫星受摄运动：perturbed motion of satellite；地球引力摄动：terrestrial gravitational perturbation；日月引力摄动：lunisolar gravitational perturbation；海洋负荷：oceanic load；大气阻力摄动：atmospheric drag perturbation；太阳光压摄动：solar radiation pressure perturbation；潮汐摄动：tidal perturbation；运动方程分析解：analytical solution of motion equation；运动方程数值解：numerical solution of motion equation；状态向量：state vector；卫星共振分析：analysis of satellite resonance；卫星轨道改进：improvement of satellite orbit；卫星激光测距：satellite laser ranging， SLR；。
地理专业词汇英语翻译（27）
地理专业词汇英语翻译(27)geodetic satellite 测地卫星geodetic survey 大地测量geodetic zenith 大地天顶geodetics 测地学geodimeter 光电测距仪geodynamics 地球动力学geoenergetic theory 地球能量论geoflexure 地球褶皱geognosy 地球构造学geographic azimuth 地理方位角geographic coordinate net 地理坐标格网geographic coordinate values 地理坐标值geographic coordinates 地理坐标geographic cycle 地理循环geographic data 地理资料geographic data base 地理资料库geographic data handling 地理数据外理geographic elements 地理要素geographic information 地理信息geographic information system 地理信息系统geographic latitude 地理纬度geographic longitude 地理经度geographic meridian 地理子午线geographic name 地理名称geographic network 地理坐标网geographic north 地理北geographic pathology 地理病理学geographical components 地理成分geographical distribution 地理分布geographical environment 地理环境geographical information system 地理信息系统geographical isolation 地理隔离geographical landscape 地理景观geographical map 地图geographical position 地理位置geographical variation 地理变异geographical vicariad 地理的替代种geographical zonality 地理地带性geographical zonation 地理地带性geographical zone 地理带geography 地理学geohistory 地史学geohydrology 水文地质学geoid 地球体geoidal height 大地水准面高geoisotherm 等地温线geologic barometer 地质压力计geologic column 地质柱状图geologic map 地质图geologic time scale 地质年代表geological aerosurvey 地质航空勘测geological age 地质时代geological column map 地质柱状地图geological cycle 地质回旋geological environment 地质环境geological formation 地质建造geological map of bed rocks 基岩地质图geological profile 地质剖面geological remote sensing 地质遥感geological reserves 地质储量geological structure 地质构造geology 地质学geomagnetic axis 地磁轴geomagnetic latitude 地磁纬度geomagnetic pole 地磁极geomagnetic reversal 地磁反向geomagnetism 地磁geometer 测地仪geometric correction 几何校正geometric distortion 几何畸变geometric generalization 几何综合geometric mean 几何平均geomicrobiological prospecting 地球微生物探矿geomicrobiology 地球微生物学geominating capacity 发芽能力geomorphic contrasts 地貌衬度geomorphic history 地貌发展史geomorphic levels 地貌水准面geomorphologic agent 地貌营力geomorphologic map 地形图geomorphological profile 地貌剖面geomorphological regionalisation 地貌的区域化geomorphology 地形学geonomics 经济地理学geony 地原学geophagia 食土癖geophagy 食土癖geophone 地震检波器geophotogrammetry 地面摄影测量术geophysical prospecting 地球物理勘探geophysics 地球物理学geophysiography 地球学geophyte 地下芽植物geophytes 地下芽植物geopotential 重力势geoscopy 测地学geospheres 陆圈geostationary meteorological satellite 地球静止气象卫星geostationary meteorological satellite system 地球静止气象卫星系统geostationary operational environmental satellite 同步环境实用卫星geostationary orbit 地球静止轨道geostationary satellite 地球静止卫星geostratigraphy 全球地层学geostrophic current 地转风气流geostrophic wind 地转风geosuture 地缝合线geosynclinal area 地槽区geosynclinal belt 地槽带geosynclinal system 地槽系geosyncline 地槽geotechnical system 地质工学系geotechnics 土工学geotechnological regionalization 地学工程技术区划geotectonic geology 大地构造地质学geotectonic map 大地构造图geotectonics 构造地质学geotecture 大地构造geothermal gradient 地温梯度geothermal remote sensing 地热遥感geothermal well 地热井坑geothermy 地热geotropism 向地性germ 萌芽german measles 风疹germanium 锗germicide 杀菌剂germinating ability 发芽能力germination 发芽geyser 间歇泉geyserite 硅华ghost echo 回波giant's kettle 瓯穴giantism 巨人症gibbsite 三水铝矿gigantism 巨人症gilgai 粘土小洼地gismondite 多水高岭土glacial 冰河的glacial amphitheater 粒雪盆glacial anticyclone 冰原反气旋glacial cycle 冰川旋回glacial denudation 冰蚀glacial deposit 冰川沉积glacial erosion 冰蚀glacial erosion cycle 冰蚀轮回glacial erosion lake 冰蚀湖glacial flora 冰川植物群glacial forms of relief 冰川地形glacial geology 冰川地质学glacial lake 冰川湖glacial moulin 冰川磨glacial period 冰纪glacial polish 冰川磨片glacial pot hole 冰川穴glacial scratches 冰川擦痕glacial stage 冰川期glacial stairway 冰蚀谷阶梯glacial steps 冰蚀谷阶梯glacial stream 冰河glacial stria 冰川擦痕glacial till 冰碛物glacial trough 冰川槽glacial valley 冰蚀谷。
测绘工程专业英语考试重点(包括单词)
测绘工程专业英语考试重点Geomatic测绘学Geosciences地球科学Geodesy大地测量学Cadastral surveying地籍测量Geodetic surveying 大地测量Marine survey 海洋测量Geological survey 地质测量Control survey 控制测量Horizontal survey 水平测量Vertical survey 高程测量Topographic survey 地形测量Tacheometry 视距测量Contour等高线Chart图表Fieldwork外业Officework内业Elevation高程Basic point 基准点Benchmark 水准基点Stations 测站Geoid 水准面Vertical垂直Theodolite经纬仪Monumentation埋石Latitude纬度Longitude经度Prime meridian 本初子午线Gravity field 重力场Curvature 曲率Fixed error 固定误差Proportionnal error 比例误差Multiplication constant 乘常数Angle 角度Zenith distance 天顶距Circle 度盘Azimuth方位角Triangulation 三角测量Traversing 导线测量Triangulateration 边角测量Control network 控制网Forward intersection 前方交会Resection 后方交会Side intersection 侧方交会Traverse angle 导线折角Open traverse 支导线Close traverse 闭合导线Close loop traverse闭合环导线Connecting traverse 符合导线Coordinate increment坐标增量Trigonometric leveling 三高程测量Horizontal 水平距Rod plate 尺垫Coordinates 坐标系Geodetic 大地基准Origin 原点Parameter 参数Map projection 地图投影Equidistant projection等距投影Equivalent projection 等积投影Orthographic projection 正射投影Differential correction 差分改正Real time kinematicRTK实动定位Cartograph制图学Raster 栅格光栅Embed 嵌入Resolution 分辨率Data classification 数据分类Topological relationship 拓扑关系aerial photogrammetry 航空摄测量Remote sensing 遥感InSAR干涉合成孔径雷达Prism 棱镜Blunder/gross error 粗差Index error 指标差Standard deviation 标准差Mean square error中误差Calibrate 校准Normal equation 法方程Space segment 空间部分--------------------------settlement observation 沉陷观测deflection observation 挠度观测property line survey 建筑红线放样cross-section survey 横断面测量geoid undulation 大地水准面差距orthometric height 正高very long baseline interferometry甚长基线干涉测量connecting traverse 附合导线zenith distance 天顶距hydrographic survey 水道测量工程测量engineering survey施工放样construction layout orsetting-out survey竣工测量as-built survey参考椭球reference ellipsoid 参考卫星激光测距satellite laserranging(SLR)重力场gravity field测量平差adjustment ofobservation or survey adjustment多余观测redundant observation点位中误差mean square error ofa point粗差检验gross error detection自动目标识别automatic targetrecognition(ATR水准尺level lod平面控制网horizontal controlnetwork地籍测量cadastral surveying orproperty survey1. Surveying is the art of making such measurements of the relative positions of points on the surface of the earth that, on drawing them to scale, natural and artificial features may be exhibited in their correct horizontal orvertical relationships.测量是测定地面上各点的相对位置，以便根据它们之间正确的水平或竖直关系，按比例展示出天然地物和人工地物的一种技术。
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02.001 大地测量geodetic surveying02.002 几何大地测量学geometric geodesy02.003 椭球面大地测量学ellipsoidal geodesy02.004 大地天文学geodetic astronomy02.005 物理大地测量学(又称“大地重力学”) physical geodesy02.006 空间大地测量学space geodesy02.007 卫星大地测量学satellite geodesy02.008 动力大地测量学dynamic geodesy02.009 海洋大地测量学marine geodesy02.010 月面测量学lunar geodesy，selenodesy02.011 行星测量学planetary geodesy02.012 天文大地网(又称“国家大地网”) astro--geodetic network02.013 参考椭球reference ellipsoid02.014 贝塞尔椭球Bessel ellipsoid02.015 海福德椭球Hayford ellipsoid02.016 克拉索夫斯基椭球Krasovsky ellipsoid02.017 参考椭球定位orientation of reference ellipsoid02.018 大地基准geodetic datum02.019 大地坐标系geodetic coordinate system02.020 弧度测量arc measurement02.021 拉普拉斯方位角Laplace azimuth02.022 拉普拉斯点Laplace point02.023 三角测量triangulation02.024 三角点triangulation point02.025 三角锁triangulation chain02.026 三角网triangulation network02.027 图形权倒数weight reciprocal of figure02.028 菲列罗公式Ferreros formula02.029 施赖伯全组合测角法Schreiber method in all combinations02.030 方向观测法method of direction observation，method by series02.031 测回observation set02.032 归心元素elements of centring02.033 归心改正correction for centring02.034 水平折光差(又称“旁折光差”) horizontal refraction error 02.035 基线测量base measurement02.036 基线baseline02.037 基线网base network02.038 精密导线测量precise traversing02.039 三角高程测量trigonometric leveling02.040 三角高程网trigonometric leveling network02.041 铅垂线plumb line02.042 天顶距zenith distance02.043 高度角elevation angle， altitude angle02.044 垂直折光差vertical refraction error02.045 垂直折光系数vertical refraction coefficient02.046 国家水准网national leveling network02.047 精密水准测量Precise leveling02.048 水准面level surface02.049 高程height02.050 正高orthometric height02.051 正常高normal height02.052 力高dynamic height02.053 地球位数geopotential number02.054 水准点benchmark02.055 水准路线leveling line02.056 跨河水准测量river－crossing leveling02.057 椭球长半径major radius of ellipsoid02.058 椭球扁率flattening of ellipsoid02.059 椭球偏心率eccentricity of ellipsoid02.060 子午面meridian plane02.061 子午圈meridian02.062 卯酉圈prime vertical02.063 平行圈parallel circle02.064 法截面normal section02.065 子午圈曲率半径radius of curvature in meridian02.066 卯酉圈曲率半径radius of curvature in prime vertical02.067 平均曲率半径mean radius of curvature02.068 大地线geodesic02.069 大地线微分方程differential equation of geodesic02.070 大地坐标geodetic coordinate02.071 大地经度geodetic longitude02.072 大地纬度geodetic latitude02.073 大地高geodetic height，ellipsoidal height02.074 大地方位角geodetic azimuth02.075 天文大地垂线偏差astro—geodetic deflection of the vertical02.076 垂线偏差改正correction for deflection of the vertical02.077 标高差改正correction for skew normals02.078 截面差改正correction from normal section to geodetic02.079 大地主题正解direct solution of geodetic problem02.080 大地主题反解 inverse solution of geodetic problem02.081 高斯中纬度公式Gauss mid—latitude formula02.082 贝塞尔大地主题解算公式Bessel formula for solution of geodetic problem 02.083 高斯一克吕格投影Gauss－Kruger projection又称“高斯投影”。
02.084 归化纬度reduced latitude02.085 等量纬度isometric latitude02.086 中央子午线central meridian02.087 分带子午线zone dividing meridian02.088 高斯平面子午线收敛角Gauss grid convergence02.089 高斯投影距离改正distance correction In Gauss projection02.090 高斯投影方向改正arc－to－chord correction In Gauss projection02.091 底点纬度latitude of pedal02.092 高斯平面坐标Gauss plane coordinate02.093 坐标方位角grid bearing02.094 天文点astronomical point02.095 基本天文点fundamental astronomical point02.096 本初子午线prime meridian02.097 经度起算点origin of longitude02.098 极移polar motion02.099 瞬时极instantaneous pole02.100 平极mean pole02.101 固定平极fixed mean pole02.102 历元平极mean pole of the epoch02.103 国际协议原点Conventional International Origin，CIO02.104 地极坐标coordinates of the pole02.105 地球自转参数earth rotation parameter，ERP02.106 恒星时Sidereal time02.107 世界时universal tim ，UT02.108 协调世界时coordinated universal time，UTC02.109 天文年历astronomical ephemeris，astronomical almanac02.110 FK4星表Fourth Fundamental Catalogue， FK402.111 FK5星表Fifth Fundamental Catalogue， FK502.112 天文坐标astronomical coordinate02.113 天文经度astronomical longitude02.114 天文纬度astronomical latitude02.115 天文方位角astronomical azimuth02.116 津格尔[星对]测时法（又称“东西星等高测时法”）method of time detemination by Zinger star—pair02.117 中天法transit method02.118 恒星中天测时法method of time determination by star transit02.119 塔尔科特测纬度法Talcott method of latitude determination02.120 多星等高法equal—altitude method of multi－star02.121 北极星任意时角法method by hour angle of Polaris02.122 时号time signal02.123 平时式时号mean—time signal02.124 协调世界时时号time signal in UTC02.125 收时time receiving02.126 时号改正数correction to time signal02.127 电波传播[时延]改正correction for radio wave propagation of time signal 02.128 轴颈误差error of pivot02.129 人仪差personal and instrumental equation02.130 星径曲率改正correction for curvature of star image path02.131 重力位gravity potential02.132 重力gravity02.133 引力gravitation02.134 离心力centrifugal force02.135 引力位gravitational potential02.136 离心力位potential of centrifugal force02.137 正常引力位normal gravitational potential02.138 正常重力位normal gravity potential02.139 地球位geopotential又称“大地位”。