俄罗斯方块课程设计报告

目录1. 系统概述 12. 设计说明书 43. 系统操作界面 64. 源程序编码75.测试计划6.改进意见36 397．课程设计心得体会40 8. 参考书籍、资料40系统概述1.1 现状分析在个人电脑日益普及的今天，一些有趣的桌面游戏已经成为人们在使用计算机进行工作或学习之余休闲娱乐的首选，而俄罗斯方块游戏是人们最熟悉的小游戏之一，它以其趣味性强，易上手等诸多特点得到了大众的认可，因此开发此游戏软件可满足人们的一些娱乐的需求。

此俄罗斯方块游戏可以为用户提供一个可在普通个人电脑上运行的，界面美观的，易于控制的俄罗斯方块游戏。

1.2 项目要求俄罗斯方块游戏是一款适合大众的游戏软件，它适合不同年龄的人玩。

本软件要实现的功能如下：（1）游戏区：玩家可以在游戏区中堆积方块，并能够在游戏过程中随时了解得分情况。

（2）游戏控制：玩家可以通过游戏控制功能来选择开始新的一局游戏，暂停或退出游戏。

（3）级别设置：玩家可以根据自己的需要自行设定游戏的开始级别，级别越高，游戏的速度越快，难度越大。

（4）1.3 系统功能模块示意图显示玩家操作游戏区显示操作结果开始俄罗斯方块游戏暂停 /继续提高等级游戏控制降低等级退出项目开发计划书项目开发计划书名称时间工作内容下达设计任务1 天（集中）说明如何着手设计的方法和设计任务的解释说明。

收集、分析资料及项目组在项目经理的组织下选题、分析，2 天识别实体，完成《项目开发计划书》及小文档组人员分工。

各项目组完成系统层次图、用户界面设计、设计 2 天数据库表设计、报表设计，完成《设计说明书》程序编写和测试7 天根据方案进行现场编程、调试。

编写设计文档 2 天完成软件测试以及《用户操作手册》的编写。

各小组提交文档，教师根据情况选择是否文档提交、答辩 1 天答辩及答辩方式（抽样答辩或全员答辩）。

设计说明1.1 游戏区模块创建游戏区游戏区模块处理玩家游戏操作显示游戏结果1.2 控制区模块开始游戏暂停游戏游戏控制模块初始级别设置退出游戏1.3 系统流程图开始设置初始级别随机选择方块类型创建游戏区是否到顶部游戏开局是方块下落一行游戏结束否处理玩家操作1.4 模块简介是否到顶部1．功能模块（1）游戏区模块（创建游戏区，处理玩家操作，显示操作结果）（2）游戏控制模块（开始，暂停继续，提高等级，降低等级，停止，新游戏，帮助）系统操作界面游戏打开界面游戏进行中界面源代码编码#include <stdio.h>#include <bios.h>#include <dos.h>#include <graphics.h>#include <string.h>#include <stdlib.h>#define true 1#define false 0#define BoardWidth 12#define BoardHeight 23#define _INNER_HELPER/*inner helper method *//*Scan Codes Define*/enum KEYCODES{K_ESC =0x011b,K_UP =0x4800, /* upward arrow */ K_LEFT =0x4b00,K_DOWN =0x5000,K_RIGHT =0x4d00,K_SPACE =0x3920,K_P =0x1970};/* the data structure of the block */typedef struct tagBlock{char c[4][4]; /* cell fill info array, 0-empty, 1-filled */ int x; /* block position cx [0,BoardWidht -1] */ int y; /* block position cy [-4,BoardHeight-1] */ char color; /* block color */char size; /* block max size in width or height */char name; /* block name (the block's shape) */} Block;/* game's global info */int FrameTime= 1300;int CellSize= 18;int BoardLeft= 30;int BoardTop= 30;/* next block grid */int NBBoardLeft= 300;int NBBoardTop= 30;int NBCellSize= 10;/* score board position */int ScoreBoardLeft= 300;int ScoreBoardTop=100;int ScoreBoardWidth=200;int ScoreBoardHeight=35;int ScoreColor=LIGHTCYAN;/* infor text postion */int InfoLeft=300;int InfoTop=200;int InfoColor=YELLOW;int BorderColor=DARKGRAY;int BkGndColor=BLACK;int GameRunning=true;int TopLine=BoardHeight-1; /* top empty line */int TotalScore=100;char info_score[20];char info_help[255];char info_common[255];/* our board, Board[x][y][0]-isFilled, Board[x][y][1]-fillColor */unsigned char Board[BoardWidth][BoardHeight][2];char BufferCells[4][4]; /* used to judge if can rotate block */ Block curBlock; /* current moving block */Block nextBlock; /* next Block to appear *//* function list */int GetKeyCode();int CanMove(int dx,int dy);int CanRotate();int RotateBlock(Block *block);int MoveBlock(Block *block,int dx,int dy);void DrawBlock(Block *block,int,int,int);void EraseBlock(Block *block,int,int,int);void DisplayScore();void DisplayInfo(char* text);void GenerateBlock(Block *block);void NextBlock();void InitGame();int PauseGame();void QuitGame();/*Get Key Code */int _INNER_HELPERGetKeyCode(){int key=0;if(bioskey(1)){key=bioskey(0);}return key;}/* display text!*/void _INNER_HELPERDisplayInfo(char*text){setcolor(BkGndColor);outtextxy(InfoLeft,InfoTop,info_common);strcpy(info_common,text);setcolor(InfoColor);outtextxy(InfoLeft,InfoTop,info_common);}/* create a new block by key number,* the block anchor to the top-left corner of 4*4 cells*/void _INNER_HELPERGenerateBlock(Block*block){int key=(random(13)*random(17)+random(1000)+random(3000))%7;block->size=3;/* because most blocks' size=3 */memset(block->c,0,16);switch(key){case 0:block->name='T';block->color=RED;block->c[1][0]=1;block->c[1][1]=1,block->c[2][1]=1;block->c[1][2]=1;break;case 1:block->name='L';block->color=YELLOW;block->c[1][0]=1;block->c[1][1]=1;block->c[1][2]=1,block->c[2][2]=1;break;case 2:block->name='J';block->color=LIGHTGRAY;block->c[1][0]=1;block->c[1][1]=1;block->c[1][2]=1,block->c[0][2]=1;break;case 3:block->name='z';block->color=CYAN;block->c[0][0]=1,block->c[1][0]=1;block->c[1][1]=1,block->c[2][1]=1;break;case 4:block->name='5';block->color=LIGHTBLUE;block->c[1][0]=1,block->c[2][0]=1;block->c[0][1]=1,block->c[1][1]=1;break;case 5:block->name='o';block->color=BLUE;block->size=2;block->c[0][0]=1,block->c[1][0]=1;block->c[0][1]=1,block->c[1][1]=1;break;case 6:block->name='I';block->color=GREEN;block->size=4;block->c[1][0]=1;block->c[1][1]=1;block->c[1][2]=1;block->c[1][3]=1;break;}}/* get next block!*/void NextBlock(){/* copy the nextBlock to curBlock*/curBlock.size=nextBlock.size;curBlock.color=nextBlock.color;curBlock.x=(BoardWidth-4)/2;curBlock.y=-curBlock.size;memcpy(curBlock.c,nextBlock.c,16);/* generate nextBlock and show it*/EraseBlock(&nextBlock,NBBoardLeft,NBBoardTop,NBCellSize);GenerateBlock(&nextBlock);nextBlock.x=1,nextBlock.y=0;DrawBlock(&nextBlock,NBBoardLeft,NBBoardTop,NBCellSize);}/* rotate the block, update the block struct data */int _INNER_HELPERotateCells(char c[4][4],char blockSize){char temp,i,j;switch(blockSize){case 3:temp=c[0][0];c[0][0]=c[2][0], c[2][0]=c[2][2], c[2][2]=c[0][2], c[0][2]=temp;temp=c[0][1];c[0][1]=c[1][0], c[1][0]=c[2][1], c[2][1]=c[1][2],c[1][2]=temp;break;case 4: /* only 'I' block arived here! */c[1][0]=1-c[1][0], c[1][2]=1-c[1][2], c[1][3]=1-c[1][3];c[0][1]=1-c[0][1], c[2][1]=1-c[2][1], c[3][1]=1- c[3][1];break;}}/* judge if the block can move toward the direction */int CanMove(int dx,int dy){int i,j,tempX,tempY;for(i=0;i<curBlock.size;i++){for(j=0;j<curBlock.size;j++){if(curBlock.c[i][j]){/* cannot move leftward or rightward */tempX = curBlock.x + i + dx;if(tempX<0 || tempX>(BoardWidth-1)) return false; /* make sure x is valid! *//* cannot move downward */tempY = curBlock.y + j + dy;if(tempY>(BoardHeight-1)) return false; /* y is only checked lower bound, maybe negative!!!! *//* the cell already filled, we must check Y's upper bound before check cell ! */if(tempY>=0 && Board[tempX][tempY][0]) return false;}}}return true;}/* judge if the block can rotate */int CanRotate(){int i,j,tempX,tempY;/* update buffer */memcpy(BufferCells, curBlock.c, 16);RotateCells(BufferCells,curBlock.size);for(i=0;i<curBlock.size;i++){for(j=0;j<curBlock.size;j++){if(BufferCells[i][j]){tempX=curBlock.x+i;tempY=curBlock.y+j;if(tempX<0 || tempX>(BoardWidth-1))return false;if(tempY>(BoardHeight-1))return false;if(tempY>=0&& Board[tempX][tempY][0])return false;}}}return true;}/* draw the block*/void _INNER_HELPERDrawBlock(Block *block,int bdLeft,int bdTop,int cellSize){int i,j;setfillstyle(SOLID_FILL,block->color);for(i=0;i<block->size;i++){for(j=0;j<block->size;j++){if(block->c[i][j]&& (block->y+j)>=0){floodfill(bdLeft+cellSize*(i+block->x)+cellSize/2,bdTop+cellSize*(j+block->y)+cellSize/2,BorderColor);}}}}/* Rotate the block, if success, return true*/int RotateBlock(Block*block){char temp,i,j; int b_success; if(block->size==2)return true;b_success=CanRotate()))EraseBlock(block,BoardLeft,BoardTop,CellSize); memcpy(curBlock.c,BufferCells,16);DrawBlock(block,BoardLeft,BoardTop,CellSize); }return b_success; }/* erase a block, only fill the filled cell with background color */void _INNER_HELPEREraseBlock(Block *block,int bdLeft,int bdTop,intcellSize) {int i,j;setfillstyle(SOLID_FILL,BkGndColor); for(i=0;i<block->size;i++) {for(j=0;j<block->size;j++) {if(block->c[i][j] && (block->y+j>=0)) {floodfill(bdLeft+cellSize*(i+block->x)+cellSize/2, bdTop+cellSize*(j+block->y)+cellSize/2, BorderColor);} } } }/* move by the direction if can, donothing if cannot* return value: true - success, false - cannot move toward this direction */int MoveBlock(Block *block,int dx,int dy) {int b_canmove=CanMove(dx,dy); if(b_canmove) {if(( {EraseBlock(block,BoardLeft,BoardTop,CellSize);curBlock.x+=dx;curBlock.y+=dy;DrawBlock(block,BoardLeft,BoardTop,CellSize);}return b_canmove;}/* drop the block to the bottom!*/int DropBlock(Block*block){EraseBlock(block,BoardLeft,BoardTop,CellSize);while(CanMove(0,1)){curBlock.y++;}DrawBlock(block,BoardLeft,BoardTop,CellSize);return 0;/* return value is assign to the block's alive*/}/* init the graphics mode, draw the board grid */void InitGame(){int i,j,gdriver=DETECT,gmode;struct time sysTime;/* draw board cells */memset(Board,0,BoardWidth*BoardHeight*2);memset(nextBlock.c,0,16);strcpy(info_help,"P: Pause Game. --by hoodlum1980");initgraph(&gdriver,&gmode,"");setcolor(BorderColor);for(i=0;i<=BoardWidth;i++){line(BoardLeft+i*CellSize, BoardTop, BoardLeft+i*CellSize, BoardTop+ BoardHeight*CellSize);}for(i=0;i<=BoardHeight;i++){line(BoardLeft, BoardTop+i*CellSize, BoardLeft+BoardWidth*CellSize, BoardTop+ i*CellSize);}/* draw board outer border rect */rectangle(BoardLeft-CellSize/4, BoardTop-CellSize/4,BoardLeft+BoardWidth*CellSize+CellSize/4,BoardTop+BoardHeight*CellSize+CellSize/4);/* draw next block grids*/for(i=0;i<=4;i++){line(NBBoardLeft+i*NBCellSize, NBBoardTop, NBBoardLeft+i*NBCellSize, NBBoardTop+4*NBCellSize);line(NBBoardLeft, NBBoardTop+i*NBCellSize,NBBoardLeft+4*NBCellSize, NBBoardTop+i*NBCellSize);}/* draw score rect*/rectangle(ScoreBoardLeft,ScoreBoardTop,ScoreBoardLeft+ScoreBoardWidth,S coreBoardTop+ScoreBoardHeight);DisplayScore();/* set new seed! */gettime(&sysTime);srand(sysTime.ti_hour*3600+sysTime.ti_min*60+sysTime.ti_sec);GenerateBlock(&nextBlock);NextBlock();/* create first block*/setcolor(DARKGRAY);outtextxy(InfoLeft,InfoTop+20,"Up-rotate Space-drop");outtextxy(InfoLeft,InfoTop+35,"Left-left Right-right");outtextxy(InfoLeft,InfoTop+50,"Esc-exit");DisplayInfo(info_help);}/* set the isFilled and fillcolor data to the board */void_INNER_HELPERFillBoardData(){int i,j;for(i=0;i<curBlock.size;i++){for(j=0;j<curBlock.size;j++){if(curBlock.c[i][j]&& (curBlock.y+j)>=0){Board[curBlock.x+i][curBlock.y+j][0]=1;Board[curBlock.x+i][curBlock.y+j][1]=curBlock.color;}}}}/* draw one line of the board */void_INNER_HELPERPaintBoard(){int i,j,fillcolor;for(j=max((TopLine-4),0);j<BoardHeight;j++){for(i=0;i<BoardWidth;i++){fillcolor=Board[i][j][0]? Board[i][j][1]:BkGndColor;setfillstyle(SOLID_FILL,fillcolor);floodfill(BoardLeft+i*CellSize+CellSize/2,BoardTop+j*CellSize+CellSize/2,BorderColor);}}}/* check if one line if filled full and increase the totalScore! */ void_INNER_HELPERCheckBoard(){int i,j,k,score=10,sum=0,topy,lines=0;/* we find the top empty line!*/j=topy=BoardHeight-1;do{sum=0;for(i=0;i<BoardWidth;i++){sum+=Board[i][topy][0];}topy--;} while(sum>0&& topy>0);/* remove the full filled line (max remove lines count = 4) */ do{sum=0;for(i=0;i<BoardWidth;i++)sum+=Board[i][j][0];if(sum==BoardWidth)/*we find this line is full filled, remove it!*/{/* move the cells data down one line*/for(k=j;k > topy;k--){for(i=0;i<BoardWidth;i++){Board[i][k][0]=Board[i][k-1][0];Board[i][k][1]=Board[i][k-1][1];}}/*make the top line empty!*/for(i=0;i<BoardWidth;i++){Board[i][topy][0]=0;Board[i][topy][1]=0;}topy++;/* move the topline downward one line!*/lines++;/* lines <=4 */TotalScore+=score;score*=2;/* adding: 10, 30, 70, 150 */}elsej--;} while(sum>0 && j>topy&& lines<4);/* speed up the game when score is high, minimum is 400 */FrameTime=max(1200-100*(TotalScore/200),400);TopLine=topy;/* update the top line*//* if no lines remove, only add 1: */if(lines==0)TotalScore++;}/* display the score */void_INNER_HELPERDisplayScore(){setcolor(BkGndColor);outtextxy(ScoreBoardLeft+5,ScoreBoardTop+5,info_score);setcolor(ScoreColor);sprintf(info_score,"Score: %d",TotalScore);outtextxy(ScoreBoardLeft+5,ScoreBoardTop+5,info_score);}/* we call this function when a block is inactive. */ voidUpdateBoard(){FillBoardData();CheckBoard();PaintBoard();DisplayScore();}/* pause the game, and timer handler stop move down the block!*/ int PauseGame(){int key=0;DisplayInfo("Press P to Start or Resume!");while(key!=K_P && key!=K_ESC){while(!(key=GetKeyCode())){}}DisplayInfo(info_help);return key;}/* quit the gameand do cleaning work.*/void QuitGame(){closegraph();}/* the entry point function. */void main(){int i,flag=1,j,key=0,tick=0;InitGame();if(PauseGame()==K_ESC)goto GameOver;/* wait until a key pressed */while(key!=K_ESC){/* wait until a key pressed */while(!(key=GetKeyCode())){tick++;if(tick>=FrameTime){/* our block has dead! (can't move down), we get next block*/if(!MoveBlock(&curBlock,0,1)){UpdateBoard();NextBlock();if(!CanMove(0,1))goto GameOver;}tick=0;}delay(100);}switch(key){case K_LEFT:MoveBlock(&curBlock,-1,0);break;case K_RIGHT:MoveBlock(&curBlock,1,0);break;case K_DOWN:MoveBlock(&curBlock,0,1);break;case K_UP:RotateBlock(&curBlock);break;case K_SPACE:DropBlock(&curBlock);break;case K_P:PauseGame();break;}}GameOver:DisplayInfo("GAME OVER! Press any key to exit!");getch(); /* wait the user Press any key.*/QuitGame();}测试计划1.1 测试方案本游戏的测试方法采用检查各个功能能否实现的方法1.2 测试项目及功能控制区开始：实现游戏的开始暂停：实现游戏暂停继续：实现游戏继续提高级数 : 提高级数增加游戏的难度降低级数：降低级数减小游戏的难度菜单区新游戏：游戏结束从新开始新一轮的游戏提高级数：提高游戏难度降低级数：减小游戏难度退出：退出游戏开始：开始游戏暂停：暂停正在进行的游戏从新开始：重新开始游戏停止：停止正在进行的游戏帮助信息：游戏控制键显示区：显示俄罗斯方块提前显示窗口：显示下一个方块的样式测试进度：本游戏在我和同组李帅同学的辛苦努力下用了半天的时间完成了1.3 测试准备编写相应的驱动模块，并精心设计测试用例1.4 测试机构测试人员 :王新勃职责：找出程序中的错误，实现游戏的功能1.5 测试项目说明测试 1：名称：控制区功能测试目的：测试控制区各个功能的按钮。