【百强名校】北京首师大附中 2020-2021 学年度第第一次月考试卷 高三英语试题 2020.9.17
2020.9首师大附中高三英语检测卷一 考试版
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2020-2021 学年度首师大附中高三练习卷一 学生版
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北京市海淀区首都师范大学附属中学2020-2021学年10月高三上学期月考物理试题
北京市海淀区首都师范大学附属中学2020-2021学年10月高三上学期月考物理试题学校:___________姓名：___________班级：___________考号：___________一、单选题1．如图所示，用轻绳OA把球挂在光滑的竖直墙壁上，O点为绳的固定点，B点为球与墙壁的接触点．现保持固定点O不动，将轻绳OA加长、使绳与墙壁的夹角θ变小，则球静止后与绳OA加长之前相比（）A．绳对球的拉力变小B．球对墙壁的压力变小C．墙壁对球的支持力不变D．球所受的合力变大2．已知万有引力常量G，那么在下列给出的各种情景中，能根据测量的数据求出火星平均密度的是A．在火星表面使一个小球做自由落体运动，测出下落的高度H和时间tB．发射一颗贴近火星表面绕火星做圆周运动的飞船，测出飞船的周期TC．观察火星绕太阳的圆周运动，测出火星的直径D和火星绕太阳运行的周期T D．发射一颗绕火星做圆周运动的卫星，测出卫星绕火星运行的轨道半径r和卫星的周期Tt=时，将一金属小球从弹簧3．如图所示，质量不计的弹簧竖直固定在水平面上，0正上方某一高度处由静止释放，小球落到弹簧上压缩弹簧到最低点，然后又被弹起离开弹簧，上升到一定高度后再下落，如此反复．通过安装在弹簧下端的压力传感器，得到弹簧弹力F随时间t变化的图象如图所示，若图像中的坐标值都已知量，重力加速度为g，下列说法正确的是（）A ．1t 时刻小球具有最大速度B ．12~t t 阶段小球减速C ．2t 时刻小球加速度为0D ．可以计算出小球自由下落的高度4．一个水平放置的弹簧振子在A 、B 两点间做简谐运动， O 为平衡位置，如图所示．设水平向右方向为正方向，以某一时刻作计时起点（0t ），经14周期，振子具有正方向最大加速度．那么，在图所示的几个振动图像中（x 表示振子离开平衡位置的位移），能正确反映该振子振动情况的是（ ）A ．B ．C ．D ．5．图甲为一列简谐波某时刻的波形图，图乙是这列波中质点P 从此时刻开始的振动图线，那么该波的传播速度v 和传播方向分别是（ ）A．25m/sv=，向右传播B．50m/sv=，向右传播C．25m/sv=，向右传播D．50m/sv=，向左传播6．一般的曲线运动可以分成很多小段，每小段都可以看成圆周运动的一部分，即把整条曲线用系列不同半径的小圆弧来代替．如图甲所示，曲线上的A点的曲率圆定义为：在曲线上某一点A点和邻近的另外两点分别做一圆，当邻近的另外两点无限接近A点时，此圆的极线位置叫做曲线A点处的曲率圆，其曲率圆半径R叫做A点的曲率半径．现将一物体沿与水平面成θ角的方向以速度0v抛出，如图乙所示．不计空气阻力，则在其轨迹最高点P处的曲率半径r是（）A．2vgB．22sinvgθC．2sin cos2vgθθπD．22cosvgθ二、多选题7．如图，小球在倾角为θ的斜面上方O点处以速度v0水平抛出，落在斜面上的A点时速度的方向与斜面垂直，重力加速度为g，根据上述条件可以求出（）A．小球O点到A点的时间B．O点距离地面的高度C．小球在A点速度的大小D．小球从O点到A点的水平距离8．有一种大型娱乐器械可以让人体验超重和失重，其环形座舱套在竖直柱子上，由升降机送上几十米的高处，然后让座舱自由下落．落到一定位置时，制动系统启动，座舱做减速运动，到地面时刚好停下．下列说法中正确的是（）A．座舱自由下落的过程中人处于失重状态B．座舱自由下落的过程中人处于超重状态C．座舱减速下落的过程中人处于失重状态D．座舱减速下落的过程中人处于超重状态l固定一钉子P，把线拉直直至水平，9．细线系着小球悬于O点，线长为1，在O点正下方34无初速度释放，当线碰到钉子时（）A．小球的向心加速度增大B．小球的速度增大C．小球的角速度增大D．线的拉力增大10．发射地球同步卫星时，先将卫星发射至近地圆轨道1，然后点火，使其沿椭圆轨道2运行，最后再次点火．将卫星送人同步圆轨道3，轨道1、2相切于Q点，轨道2、3相切于P点（如图），则当卫星分别在1、2、3轨道上运行时，以下说法正确的是（）A．卫星在轨道1运行的周期大于沿轨道3运行的周期B．卫星在轨道2由Q向P运行过程中动能变小，势能增大C．卫星在轨道1上经过Q点时的加速度小于它在轨道2上经过Q点时的加速度D．卫星在轨道2上经过P点的速率小于它在轨道3上经过P点的速率11．质量为M 和m 的两个质点，相距为r ，两者之间万有引力势能为p Mm E G r=-，该结论对于质量分布均匀的球体也成立．现有一质量为m 的卫星绕地球做半径为r 的匀速圆周运动，已知地球质量为e M ，半径为R ，地表的重力加速度为g ，则（ ）AB ．卫星的动能为k e M m E Gr= C ．卫星的机械能为2e M m E G r =- D ．要发射一颗能摆脱地球束缚的卫星，发射结束至少需要的初动能为2Mm G R12．一雨滴从空中由静止开始沿竖直方向落下，若雨滴下落过程中所受重力保持不变，且空气对雨滴阻力随其下落速度的增大而增大，则图所示的图象中可能正确反映雨滴整个下落过程运动情况的是（ ）A ．B ．C ．D ． 13．如图所示，在水平桌上叠放着质量相等的A 、B 两块木板，在木板A 上放着一个物块C ，木板和物块均处于静止状态．已知物块c 的质量为M ，A 、B 、C 之间以及B 与地面之间的动摩擦因数均为μ.用水平恒力F 向右拉动木板A 使之做匀加速运动，物块C 始终与木板A 保持相对静止.设最大静摩擦力与滑动摩擦力大小相等，重力加速度为g ．则以下判断正确的是（ ）A ．A 、C 之间的摩擦力可能为零B ．A 、B 之间的摩擦力不为零，大小可能等于mg μC ．A 、B 之间的摩擦力大小一定小于FD ．木板B 一定保持静止三、实验题14．在验证机械能守恒定律的实验中，质量m =200g 的重锤拖着纸带由静止开始下落，在下落过程中，打点计时器在纸带上打出一系列的点．在纸带上选取三个相邻计数点A 、B 和C ，相邻计数点时间间隔为0.100s ，O 为重锤开始下落时记录的点，各计数点到O 点的距离如图所示，长度单位是cm ，当地重力加速度g 为9.80m/s 2．(1)打点计时器打下计数点B 时，重锤下落的速度V B __________m/s （保留三位有效数字）. (2)从打下计数点O 到打下计数点B 的过程中，重锤重力势能减小量ΔE p =__________J ，重锤动能增加量ΔE k =__________J （保留三位有效数字）.(3)即使在实验操作规范，数据测量及数据处理均正确的前提下，该实验求得的△E p 通常略大于△E k ，这是由于实验存在系统误差，该系统误差产生的主要原因是：______________________________．15．一小球作平抛运动，如图所示为闪光照片的记录，闪光照相机每隔0.1s 闪光一次， g 为210m/s 则(1)背景正方形格子的边长为__________ cm ．(2)小球运动的初速度为__________ m/s ， B 点的速度大小为__________ m/s ．四、解答题16．如图所示，用一个平行于斜面向上的恒力将质量10.0kg m =的箱子从斜坡底端由静止推上斜坡，斜坡与水平面的夹角37θ=︒，推力的大小100N F =，斜坡长度4.8m s =，木箱底面与斜坡的动摩擦因数0.20μ=．重力加速度g 取210m/s ，且已知sin370.60︒=， cos370.80︒=．求：(1)木箱沿斜坡向上滑行的加速度的大小．(2)木箱到滑斜坡顶端时速度的大小．17．2008年9月25日21点10分，我国继“神舟”五号、六号载人飞船后又成功地发射了“神舟”七号载人飞船．飞船绕地飞行五圈后成功变轨到距地面一定高度的近似圆形轨道．航天员翟志刚于27日16点35分开启舱门，开始进行令人振奋的太空舱外活动．已知地球表面的重力加速度为g ，地球半径为R ，飞船运行的圆轨道距地面的高度为h ，忽略地球自转的影响，求：（1）飞船绕地球运行加速度的大小；（2）飞船绕地球运行的周期．18．如图所示，半径0.40m R =的竖直半圆形光滑轨道在B 点与水平面平滑连接，一个质量0.50kg m =的小滑块（可视为质点）以一定的初速度从A 点开始运动，经B 点进入圆轨道，沿圆轨道运动刚好通过最高点C ，落在水平面上的D 点．已知滑块与水平面的动摩擦因数0.10µ=， AB 间的距离28.0m s =，重力加速度210m/s g =．求：(1)滑块通过C 点时的速度大小．(2) D 、B 间的距离的大小．(3)滑块在A 点的初速度大小．19．如图甲所示，质量都为m ，大小可忽略的a 、b 两小球用不可伸长的等长轻质细线悬挂起来，线长均为l ，使小球a 在竖直平面内来回摆动，小球b 在水平面内做匀速圆周运动，连接小球b 的细线与竖直方向的夹角和小球a 摆动时绳子偏离竖直方向的最大夹角都为θ，运动过程中两绳子拉力大小随时间变化的关系如图乙中c 、d 所示．求θ和小球b 的角速度．20．神奇的黑洞是近代引力理论所预言的一种特殊天体，探寻黑洞的方案之一是观测双星系统的运动规律．天文学家观测河外星系大麦哲伦云时，发现了LMCX 3-双星系统，它由可见星A 和不可见的暗星B 构成，两星视为质点，不考虑其他天体的影响． A 、B 围绕两者连线上的O 点做匀速圆周运动，它们之间的距离保持不变，如图所示．引力常量为G ，由观测能够得到可见星A 的速率v 和运行周期T ．(1)可见星A 所受暗星B 的引力a F 可等效为位于O 点处质量为m '的星体（视为质点）对它的引力，设A 和B 的质量分别为1m 、2m ，试求m '（用1m 、2m 表示）．(2)求暗星B 的质量2m 与可见星A 的速率v 、运行周期T 和质量1m 之间的关系式．(3)恒星演化到末期，如果其质量大于太阳质量s m 的2倍，它将有可能成为黑洞．若可见星A 的速率52.710m/s v =⨯，运行周期44.710s T π=⨯，质量16s m m =，试通过估算来判断暗星B 有可能是黑洞吗？（11226.6710N m /kg G -=⨯⋅， 302.010kg s m =⨯）参考答案1．B【解析】对球进行受力分析，如图所示：因球合力为零，故有： cos mg T θ=． tan F mg θ=．当θ变小时， T 减小， F 减小，球合力不变仍为零．故选B ．2．B【解析】【详解】 设月球质量为M ，半径为R ，月球表面重力加速度为g ；小球做自由落体运动，则有：H=12gt 2，故月球表面重力加速度22H g t =；根据月球表面物体的重力等于万有引力，有：G 2 Mm R=mg ，所以月球质量2222gR HR M G Gt ==，月球的密度2233423M H G Rt R ρπ==．由于月球半径R 未知，故月球的密度无法求解，故A 错误；贴近月球表面做匀速圆周运动的飞船，根据万有引力等于向心力得2224Mm G m R R T π=，得2324R M GT π=，月球的密度233 43MGT R πρπ==，已知G 和T ，所以可以求出月球的密度．故B 正确；观察月球绕地球的匀速圆周运动，测出月球的运行周期T ，如再加上月球的轨道半径，能求出地球的质量，不能求出月球的质量，因而也求不出月球的密度．故C 错误；发射一绕月球做圆周运动的卫星，根据万有引力等于向心力得2224()Mm G m H R H R Tπ=++（），由于R 未知，求不出月球的质量，因而也求不出月球的密度．故D 错误； 故选B ．【点睛】对于万有引力的应用问题，一般由重力加速度可求得中心天体质量，或根据万有引力做向心力求得中心天体的质量．要建立模型，理清思路，灵活运用向心力的公式．3．D【解析】t 1时刻小球刚接触弹簧，速度仍会增大，直至弹簧弹力与小球重力相等时，小球才达到最大速度，故A 错误． 12~t t 这段时间内，弹簧处于开始压缩到达到最大压缩量的过程，合力先向下后向上，故先加速后减速，故B 错误．由B 选项分析知， 2t 时刻弹簧后缩量最大，故小球加速度不为0，C 错误． 34~t t 这段时间小球在空中运动，由此可知小球做自由落体运动时间为432t t t -=，由()2432128g t t h gt -==求得小球自由下落高度，故D 正确．故选D.点睛：解答该题关键要将小球的运动分为自由下落过程、向下的加速和减速过程、向上的加速和减速过程进行分析处理，同时要能结合图象分析．4．D【解析】由题，某一时刻作计时起点（t=0），经1/4周期，振子具有正方向最大加速度，位移为负方向最大，即在A 点，说明t=0时刻质点经过平衡位置向左，则x=0，在1/4周期内位移向负方向最大变化．故选D.5．D【解析】由图象知简谐波的波长λ10m =，周期0.2s T =，由v T λ=可求得波的传播速度1050m/s 0.2v T λ===．由质点P 的振动图象知此时质点P 向上振动，则根据同侧法得波的传播方向为左，故D 正确．故选D ．6．D【解析】由题意知物体运动至P 点时可看作速度为0cos v θ，运动半径为r 的圆周运动，由n F F =合知()20cos v mg m r θ=求得220cos v r gθ=，故D 正确．故选D ． 点睛：曲率半径，一个新的概念，平时不熟悉，但根据题目的介绍可知，求曲率半径也就是求在该点做圆周运动的半径，读懂题目的真正意图，本题就可以解出了．7．ACD【解析】小球速度方向与斜面垂直，根据平行四边形定则知，tanθ=v 0gt ，故t =v 0gtanθ，故A正确．由时间t 可根据y =12gt 2求得小球下降高度，而计算不出O 点离地面高度，故B 错误．由平行四边形定则知：v A =v 0sinθ，故C 正确．小球从O 点到A 点的水平距x =v 0t =v02gtanθ，故D正确．故选ACD ．点睛：解决本题的关键知道平抛运动在水平方向和竖直方向上的运动规律，结合运动学公式灵活求解． 8．AD 【解析】座舱自由下落过程加速度竖直向下，故处于失重状态，A 正确，B 错误．座舱减速下落的过程中加速度竖直向上，故处于超重状态，C 错误，D 正确．故选AD ．点睛：判断一个物体处于超重和失重的条件是：若加速度向上则超重，若加速度向下则失重． 9．ACD【解析】小球运动至最低点时，线与钉子相碰时会使小球做圆周运动的半径减小，而速度不变，故B 错误．由a n =v 2r知此时小球向心加速度增大，A 正确．由ω=vr 知此时小球角速度增大，故C 正确．由F =mg +mv 2r知此时小球拉力增大，故D 正确．故选ACD.点睛：解决本题的关键要掌握线速度、角速度、向心加速度之间的关系，以及知道在本题中悬线碰到钉子的前后瞬间，线速度大小不变． 10．BD 【解析】由2224πGMm r m r T ⋅=知T =1运行周期小于沿轨道3运行周期，故A 错误．由开普勒第二定律知卫星经轨道2由Q 向P 运动过程中速度减小，即动能减小，势能增大，故B 正确．卫星在轨道1上经过Q 点时与在轨道2上经过Q 点时受力相同，故加速度相同，则C 错误．卫星在轨道2上经过P 点点火加速才跑到轨道3上，故卫星在轨道2上经过P 点速率小于轨道3上P 点速率，故D 正确．故选BD ． 11．AC 【解析】由21v mg m R =知1v =，故A 正确．由22e GM m mv r r=知v =2k 122e GM m E mv r==，故B 错误．由B 选项分析得卫星机械能：k p 22e e e GM m GM m GM mE E E r r r=+=-=-，故C 正确．因发射后的卫星在脱离地球束缚过程中机械能守恒，则有：kmin p 0E E +=．kmin 0e GM m E R -=．kmin =e GM mE R -．故D 错误．故选AC ． 12．AC 【解析】考点：牛顿第二定律；匀变速直线运动的速度与时间的关系． 专题：牛顿运动定律综合专题．分析：雨滴下落的过程中受重力和阻力，阻力随速度增大而增大，根据牛顿第二定律，判断加速度的变化，以及根据加速度方向与速度的方向关系判断速度的变化． 解答：解：根据牛顿第二定律得，a=，速度增大，阻力增大，加速度减小，雨滴做加速度减小的加速运动，当加速度减小到零，雨滴做匀速直线运动．故A 、C 正确，B 、D 错误． 故选AC ．点评：解决本题的关键会通过牛顿第二定律，根据物体的受力情况判断物体的运动情况． 13．CD 【解析】先对木块B 受力分析，竖直方向受重力、压力和支持力，水平方向受A 对B 向右的摩擦力AB f 和地面对B 向左的摩擦力DB f ，由于A 对B 的最大静摩擦力()m M g μ+小于地面对B的最大静摩擦力(2)m M g μ+，故物体B 一定保持静止，故D 正确．物体C 向右加速运动，故受重力、支持力和向右的静摩擦力，根据牛顿第二定律，有：=f ma ，故A 错误．A 与B 之间的摩擦力()AB f M m g mg μμ=+>，故B 错误．对AC 整体研究，受重力、支持力、拉力和向左的摩擦力，根据牛顿第二定律，有：()AB F f M m a -=+，故AB F f >，故C 正确．故选CD ．点睛：本题关键灵活地选择研究对象进行受力分析，然后根据牛顿第二定律列式判断；突破口在于确定B 物体的运动情况．14．2.91 0.856 0.847 重锤和纸带都会受到阻力作用，机械能有损失【解析】（1）重锤下落速度v B =x AC 2T=(77.60−19.45)×10−22×0.100=2.91m/s ．（2）从O 到B 过程，重锤重力势能减小量ΔE p ：ΔE p =mgℎOB =200×10−3×9.80×43.68×10−2=0.856J ． 重锤动能增加量ΔE k ：ΔE k =12mV B 2=12×200×10−3×2.912=0.847J ．（3）实验求得ΔE p 略大于ΔE k 原因是：重锤和纸带都会受到阻力作用，机械能有损失． 点睛：纸带的处理在高中实验中用到多次，需要牢固的掌握．实验原理是比较减少的重力势能和增加的动能之间的关系，围绕实验原理记忆实验过程和出现误差的原因． 15． 10 3 3.91【解析】（1）由竖直方向小球做匀变速直线运动，有2y gT∆=．即2100.10.1m 10cm y ∆=⨯==．则正方形格子边长为10cm L y =∆=．（2）由水平方向小球做匀速直线运动，有03L v T =3．解得0330.13m/s 0.1L v T ⨯===． B 点竖直方向的速度5 2.5m/s 220.1AC y y Lv T ===⨯．则B 点速度 3.91m/s B v ===． 16．(1)2.4m/s 2(2)4.8m/s【解析】（1）对物体进行受力分析，沿斜面方向有： sin37F mg f ma -︒-=．① 滑动摩擦力N f f μ=．②垂直于斜面方向有： cos37N F mg =︒ ③ 由①②③解得： 22.4m/s a =．（2）根据匀变速直线运动位移速度公式： 2202v v ax =+代入数据求得： 4.8m/s v =．17．（1）22()R g R h + （2）2 【解析】试题分析：（1）在地球表面的物体受到的重力等于万有引力2MmG mg R=，得2GM R g = 根据万有引力提供向心力()2MmGma R h +＝，得()()222MmR ga R h R h ++＝＝（2）根据万有引力提供向心力()()2224MmG m R h T R h ＝π++，得22T ππ=＝考点：考查了万有引力定律的应用【名师点睛】在万有引力这一块，涉及的公式和物理量非常多，掌握公式222224Mm v r G m m r m ma r r Tπω===在做题的时候，首先明确过程中的向心力，然后弄清楚各个物理量表示的含义，最后选择合适的公式分析解题，另外这一块的计算量一是非常大的，所以需要细心计算18．（1）2m/s C v =（2）0.8m DB x =．（3）6m/s A v =【解析】（1）因滑块恰好通过最高点，则20mv mg R=解得2m/s C v ===．（2）滑块从C 点之后做平抛运动，则：2122R gt =得0.4s t ===． DB C x v t =⋅，得20.40.8m DB x =⨯=（3）滑块从A 运动到C 过程，列动能定理，有22211222C A mgs mg R mv mv μ--⋅=-． 代入数据求得6m/s A v =．19．60v =︒， w =【解析】由a 运动特点知球a 在最高点时拉力为0F ，在最低点时拉力为04F ，在这两点分别对球a 进行受力分析： 最高点0cos F mg θ=．①最低点204a v F mg m l-=．②从最高点到最低点对球a 列动能定理式子，即()211cos 2a mgl mv θ-=．③ 由①②③求得60θ=︒． 对球b 进行受力分析：tan x F mg θ=+．④又因2sin x n F F m l ωθ==⋅⋅⋅．⑤由④⑤解得ω=点睛：本题要分析清楚两小球的运动情况，知道指向圆心的合力提供小球做圆周运动的向心力，应用机械能守恒定律与牛顿第二定律即可正确解题． 20．（1）()32212m m m m +'=．（2）()3322122Tm v Gm m π=+．（3）暗星B 有可能星黑洞 【解析】（1）设A 、B 两颗星的轨道半径分别为1r 、2r ，由题意可知， A 、B两颗星做匀速圆周运动的角速度相同，设其为ω，由牛顿定律可知，有211A F m r ω=， 222B F m r ω=， A B F F =．设A 、B 两颗星之间的距离为r ，又12r r r =+，由上述各式得122=m m r m + 1r ．① 由万有引力定律，有122A m m F G r =将①代入得()31222121A m m F G m m r =+． 令121A m m F G r '=，比较可得()32212m m m m +'=．② （2）由牛顿第二定律，有211211m m v G m r r '=．③又可见星A 的轨道半径12vTr π=．④ 由②③④式解得()3322122m v T Gm m π=+．⑤ （3）将16s m m =代入⑤式，得()3322226s m v TG m m π=+，代入数据得()3222 3.5m 6s m m m =+．⑥ 设2(0)s m nm N =>，将其代入⑥式，得()32222 3.5661s s s m n m m m m n ==+⎛⎫+ ⎪⎝⎭．⑦可见，分的值随()32226s m m m +的值随n 的增大而增大，试令2n =，得20.125 3.561s s s n m m m n =<⎛⎫+ ⎪⎝⎭．⑧若使⑦式成立，则n 必大于2，即暗星B 的质量2m 必大于2ms ，由此得出结论：暗星B 有可能是黑洞．得出结论，暗星有可能是黑洞．点睛：对于双星问题一定要抓住两个条件：一是周期相同；二是半径之和等于他们的距离，运用隔离法，由牛顿运动定律解题．。
2020-2021学年首都师范大学附属实验学校高三英语一模试卷及答案
2020-2021学年首都师范大学附属实验学校高三英语一模试卷及答案第一部分阅读（共两节，满分40分）第一节（共15小题；每小题2分，满分30分）阅读下列短文，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中选出最佳选项AHubeiProvincehas long been a favorite Chinese tourist destination because of its natural scenery, historic cities, and beautiful mountains. Here are some of the best places to visit inHubeiProvince.YellowCraneTowerYellowCraneToweris known as one of the Three Famous Towers South of Yangtze River, together withYueyangTowerinHunanand Tengwang Pavilion inJiangxi. The history ofYellowCraneTowerdates back to the Three Kingdoms period (220-280) in Chinese history. The tower was used as a watchtower by the King of Wu's army in the beginning.Enshi Grand CanyonEnshi Grand Canyon can beChina's answer to the Grand Canyon inArizona, theUnited Statesin beauty. The canyon runs 108 kilometers and occupies a land area of 3,000 square kilometers. The region where Enshi Grand Canyon is located used to be a vast sea with many limestone deposits 230 million years ago.Shennongjia Scenic AreaIt is famous for its varied plant species as well as mountains. Regarded as the “Lungs of Central China", the forest coverage reaches over 90 percent of the area. Due to the special climate, it is neither too hot in summer nor too cold in winter. Sometimes clouds stretch around mountains, rewarding tourists with unforgettable views. Besides, the area is home to some rare animals such as golden monkeys, white bears and antelope.The Three-Gorge Tribe scenic spotLocated in the area of the Xiling Gorge in the city ofYichang, it has the beauty of landscape paintings. The spot is a “ProtectedCenterof the Popular Culture and Art of the Three Gorges”. Since ancient times, a lot of famous scholars have produced a great number of excellent poems praising the beauty of this place, some of which are carved on the stones along theYangtze River.1. What is special aboutYellowCraneTower?A. It has a long history.B. It offers a scenic view.C. It once served war's purposes.D. It is the best-known tower inChina2. Why is the Grand Canyon inArizonamentioned ?A. To explain its popularity inChina.B. To help readers know more about it.C. To prove the beauty of the Chinese canyon.D. To show differences between the two canyons.3. Which place will a Chinese literature lover probably visit?A. Enshi Grand Canyon.B.YellowCraneTower.C. Shennongjia Scenic Area.D. TheThree-Gorge Tribe scenic spot.BIvy League schools are considered to be the most prestigious of all colleges in the United States. These schools are primarily located in the Northeastern part of the country. There are eight total colleges that are considered to be Ivy League. These schools are Brown, Harvard, Cornell, Princeton, Dartmouth, Yale, and Columbia universities and the University of Pennsylvania. Of all institutions of higher learning, these elite schools are considered to be the most outstanding and the most sought-after in terms of acceptance and graduation.The term “Ivy League” came about in 1954 when the NCAA athletic conference for Division I was formed. At the time, the elitism of these schools was really due to their prestige in the realm of sports like basketball. Although the term “Ivy League” was not created until the 1950s, many of these schools were in existence as far back as 1636, when John Harvard became the first benefactor of Harvard University.Although this group of elite schools is considered to be part of one big league of the elite, there have been plenty of internal rivalries over the years. The sports that these colleges play were so popular that some teams began playing games in New York City so spectators could come from far away and watch the games. The popularity of both the athletes who played and the college team rivalries brought in a good deal of attention to the schools as well as revenue from ticket sales. There have also been academic rivalries between schools. Mostly, these rivalries are a matter of opinion in terms of which school has the most honor graduates, which schools offer the most prestigious scholarships, and what famous graduates have come from each school.Each Ivy League college has its own unique accomplishments that make it important. All carry a certain reputation with them, and each school has programs that excel primarily in the medical and law fields, makingthem some of the most sought-after schools in the world. Their admission process is very selective, which helps the schools ensure that they only accept the best and brightest. Many famous people have graduated from Ivy League schools, including recent presidents George W. Bush, Bill Clinton, and Barack Obama. This prestige leads many to believe that these colleges are only for the wealthy and elite. Often, companies look for Ivy League graduates as potential employees, usually preferred by law firms, medical facilities, and large corporations. It has long beencovetedto have earned a degree from an Ivy League school. Today, the Ivy League schools are still excellent in both academia and in sports, and they have left a legacy of higher education with an exceptional track record and reputation to go along with them.4. Which of the following statements is true according to the passage?A. Ivy League schools were initially famous for their reputation in sports.B. Ivy League schools didn’t come into existence until the 1950s.C. Ivy League schools do not compete with each other within the league.D. Ivy League schools are most popular for their excellence in the medical and law fields.5. Which of the following aspects is NOT mentioned in the passage?A. The history of the Ivy LeagueB. The rivalry of the Ivy LeagueC. The accomplishments and cultural impacts of the Ivy LeagueD. The future development of the Ivy League6. Why do many people believe that Ivy League colleges are only for the wealthy and elite?A. Because they are the most sought-after schools in the world.B. Because they have selective admission process to help ensure the quality of their students.C. Because many famous people have graduated from Ivy League schools.D. Because manycompanies look for Ivy League graduates as potential employees.7. What does the underlined word “coveted” in the last paragraph probably mean?A. advocatedB.DesiredC. restrictedD. sponsoredCLast summer, I spent four months working in France, where the company I was working for put me up in a house that didn’t have Wi-Fi. I wasn’t looking forward to it.I soon discovered, however, that living in a house without Wi-Fi was easier than I expected.Contact between my friends and family was significantly reduced to the odd text message here and there. I couldn’t enjoy my usual web browsing on BBC iPlayer, social media sites, keeping up to date with the news, or even wanting to know the opening hours of shops in the new area I was in.I didn’t, however, spend a full four months without connecting to a Wi-Fi network. It was only a five minute walk to the reception where I could connect for free and spend as much time online as I wanted to at my own leisure. It made me think , though , how unnecessary it can be , how unnecessarily we rely on it—how we perhaps rely on it too much. As a person, I was more sociable. I spent more time with my housemates instead of hiding behind a computer screen. I did other things that I wouldn’t necessarily have done if I could have browsed the web at my leisure. I read more, I cooked meals for my friends, and I even tidied up more often. Dare I say it; I learned how to live without Wi-Fi. Dare I say it; I found it was easier than I had imagined.8. What was the writer’s first feeling when finding her house had no Wi-Fi?A. Unexpected.B. Angry.C. Shocked.D. Depressed.9. How did the writer keep in touch with her friends and family without Wi-Fi?A. By writing regularly.B. By text message.C. By video calls.D. By telegram.10. What was the writer’s life like without Wi-Fi?A. Dull.B. Lonely.C. Active.D. Relaxing.11. What can be a suitable title for the text?A. A life without Wi-FiB. Different views on the InternetC. The disadvantages of Wi-FiD. How to use the InternetDPhotographer Rebecca Douglas has always been fascinated by the night sky. Her love for stars has taken theU.K.resident on “star walking” trips toIcelandand into theArctic, where she steps out onto darkened trails to capture twinkling stars and glowing planets in her images.Hiking at night isn’t uncommon. Plenty of people hike after dark to get to campsites or watch the sunrise from a mountaintop. Star walking goes a step further by blending hiking with stargazing. Rather than heading to an observatory or setting up a telescope in your backyard,star walking takes you on a brief journey to look at the stars from different viewpoints.Whether you’re in the mountainside or by the lake with stars reflecting on the water, star walking is often much more dynamic than traditional stargazing.What’s more, star walking is good for you. There are plenty of studies that show the health benefits of being in nature. Spending at least two hours a week outdoors, particularly while engaging in what involves “effortless attention”, can decrease blood pressure, heart rate, and stress levels.So how does an aspiring star walker get started? It doesn’t take much more than a sturdy pair of boots.While telescopes and binoculars obviously have their uses, people are encouraged to start with naked-eye stargazing. Using only the eyes allows one to get lost in the infinite expanse of space and lets the mind go.It is advised that one read up on the night sky before heading out. Free mobile apps, such as Star Walk 2, can help identify celestial bodies（天体）and are easy to use—simply point your phone at the sky to reveal a map. Websites like Sky & Telescope and NASA’s Space Place cover the basics, have in-depth explanations on stars, and offer advice on equipment. Space Place posts monthly skywatching updates, so you can plan outings around events such as meteor showers.In the United States, national parks are great options for inexperienced night hikers. Many offer guided outings that explain the importance of protecting night skies. Those with a good number of walks under their belt may want to try GlacierNational Park in Montana.If national parks and other dark-sky designated areas are out of range, check local astronomy clubs and observatories for guided sessions. Sites like the International Astronomical Union are useful for finding resources by area.At the end of the day, the best advice is to take it slow and enjoy the journey.“With all of the chaos（混乱）that’s happening around us, the one constant has been the night sky,” explains Douglas, who hasbeen exploring popular places nearby, long after the crowds have gone home for the day. “Walking is quite a mindful way of looking up and being reminded that, although everything feels so different, some things are still the same.”12. According to the passage, star walking refers to ________.A. going to an observatoryB. looking at stars in mountainsC. combining hiking and stargazingD. setting up a telescope in the backyard13. One of the reasons why people go on a star walking is that _______.A. it’s easier to identify celestial bodiesB. it is good for physical and mental healthC. they can enjoy the journey without crowdsD. they can raise awareness of protecting night skies14. According to the passage, a star walking beginner is advised to _______.A. prepare a pair of strong bootsB. start by observing with telescopesC. join an astronomy club or an observatoryD. find guided outings with the help of mobile apps15. The main purpose of the passage is to ________.A. excite people’s interest in star walkingB. recommend some places for star walkingC. explain the health benefits of star walkingD. introduce the preparations for star walking第二节（共5小题；每小题2分，满分10分）阅读下面短文，从短文后的选项中选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。
2021北京首师大附中高三(上)9月月考语文
2021北京首师大附中高三（上）9月月考语文2021北京首师大附中高三（上）9月月考语文（满分120分）一：本大题共11小题，每题2分，共22分1、下列词语中加点的字，读音全部相同的一项是。
（）（2分）A. 首创创举悲怆满目疮痍B. 称谓名称称许瞠目结舌C. 枕藉慰藉蕴藉声名狼藉D. 角色侥幸矫正崭露头角2、下列词语中没有错别字的一项是（）（2分）A. 辐射出奇制胜计日程功皇皇不可终日B. 厮打声名鹊起相辅相成偷鸡不成蚀把米C. 赝品忧柔寡断贸然行事为山九仞功亏一篑D. 斡旋无耻谰言销脏灭迹蚍蜉撼大树可笑不自量3、下列各句中，加点字成语使用正确的一项是（）（2分）A. 不管是白发苍苍的老者，还是黄发垂髫的孩童，都被这盛大的场面深深的吸引住了。
B. 因为缺乏位置感和责任感，他们这几个干部根本就不关心老百姓的疾苦，在他们看来，平民意识犹如一块一文不名的破布。
C. 老师，您的好意，我只能敬谢不敏，因为我有自知之明，我做一名普通学生尚可，班长一职实难胜任。
D. 老校长拍着我们的肩头，语重心长地说：“你们是明日黄花，是祖国的未来和希望，一定要努力学习啊。
”4、下列各句中，没有语病的一项是。
（）（2分）5、把后面的句子填到两段话的横线上，最恰当的一组是（）（2分）人，这世界上最具灵性的动物，也离不开水的滋润。
让人具有水一般的不屈的性格。
巍峨险峻的大山拦不住汹涌的波涛，而汹涌的波涛却摧不折人类精神鼓起的风【1】水渗入了人的灵魂，合成人血肉之驱【2】水在合成人血肉之驱的同时，也渗入了人的灵魂【3】在大海的背景下，我听见了海明威崇拜的那位老人的呐喊【4】听吧，在大海的背景下海明威崇拜的那位老人在呐喊A. 【1】【3】B. 【2】【4】C. 【1】【4】D. 【2】【3】6、颜渊问仁，子曰：“克己复礼为仁。
一日克己复礼，天下归仁焉。
为仁由己，而由人乎哉？”颜渊曰：“请问其目？”子曰：“非礼勿视，非礼勿听，非礼勿言，非礼勿动。
2020-2021学年首都师范大学附属中学高三英语第一次联考试题及参考答案
2020-2021学年首都师范大学附属中学高三英语第一次联考试题及参考答案第一部分阅读（共两节，满分40分）第一节（共15小题；每小题2分，满分30分）阅读下列短文，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中选出最佳选项AFour remarkable inventionsFor more than half a century, the Consumer Electronics Show(CES) has been the place for companies and inventors to display their newest and coolest gadgets.Here are our picks for some of the most interesting and creative inventions.The Sweet Little Rolling RobotSamsung has released Ballie, a tennis-sized robot that can follow you around the house, answer your questions, and entertain your pets. Since it's equipped with a camera, it can keep an eye on your home while you're away. It's like a smart assistant that goes wherever you do, rolling into your bedroom to ring your wake-up alarm, rolling to the kitchen to turn on the toaster and giving you the weather report as you brush your teeth.The Insoles to Pick Up Your PactAny runner knows the right shoes are key to your speed. But Nurvv insoles promise more than mere cushioning. The insoles transmit data to a coaching app, which offers information on your technique and performance. It measures your foot strike and assesses your injury risk. The app then generates personalized workouts to set targets and help you beat your best speeds. Half marathon, here you come!The No-Studio-Needed Yoga ClassCan't keep up your commitment to a yoga studio membership? The Yoganotch personal yoga assistant lets you drop into a virtual class any time you want. Follow along with a set series while 3-D sensors tell you whether you need to straighten your legs a bit more. The idea it that it improves your form while reducing the risk of injury.The Dau-Enhanced GrillWhile working by sight, smell and feel, a chef may appreciate Weber's new Smart Grilling Hub. It can monitor your pork and turkey while an app gives advice about cooking technique and safe temperatures.1. What can the Sweet Little Rolling Robot do?A. Feed your pets.B. Hay tennis with you.C. Take you wherever you want.D. Assist you to do your housework.2. Which of the following is suitable for a runner?A. Ballie.B. Nurvv.C. Yoganotch.D. Smart Grilling Hub.3. What do we know about the Weber’s invention?A. It uses virtual reality.B. It is convenient for cooking.C. It makes meals for you automatically.D. It helps you do well in your yoga exercises.BDogs are often referred to as “man's best friend”. But MacKenzie, a four-pound Chihuahua (奇瓦瓦狗), who was named winner of the 2020 American Hero Dog competition, is making the world a better place for humans and animals alike. Often called the “Oscars for dogs”, the award recognizes dogs who make great contributions to society.This year's competition attracted over 400 competitors from across the country. While all were impressive, it was tiny MacKenzie who won the judges' hearts. Born at a rescue shelter in Hilton, New York, in 2013, she had a cleft palate (腭裂) that required her to be tube fed for the first year of her life. A life-saving operation, performed in 2014, gave her the ability to eat and drink independently, enabling the tiny dog to focus on doing what she loved most: taking care of others.The seven-year-old Chihuahua is now gainfully “employed” by the Mid Foundation, a Rochester, New York-based non-profit organization that shelters and cares for animals born with disabilities. MacKenzie's official job is “to provide love and care for baby rescue animals born with birth defects”. The Chihuahua is good at her job and hasnurturedmany different species-from puppies to kittens to turkeys, squirrels, birds and even a goat. She acts as their mother and teaches them how to socialize, play, and have good manners.In addition to her role as an animal caretaker, MacKenzie also has the important job of greeting the foundation's volunteers and friends. The incredible dog, who has lost her ability to bark, also visits area schools to help children understand physical disabilities in both animals and people. Her heart-warming and inspiring story makes MacKenzie worthy of America's top dog honor!4. What made MacKenzie American Hero Dog?A. Being man's best friend.B. Her struggle with disabilities.C. Rescuing animals with disabilities.D. Her contributions to a better world.5. What can we infer about MacKenzie from Paragraph 2?A. Her growth path was not easy.B. She was deserted by her owner.C. She was operated on at two years old.D. She still needs taking care of by others.6. What does the underlined word “nurtured” in Paragraph 3 mean?A. Trained.B. Comforted.C. Tended.D. Abused.7. Which can be a suitable title for the text?A. MacKenzie—The Most Hard-working DogB. MacKenzie—America's “Most Heroic Dog”C. Chihuahua—Inspiration of Positive EnergyD. Chihuahua—Appeal for Animals' ProtectionCWhile the start of a new school year is always exciting, this year was even more so for some elementary school students inAuckland,New Zealand. They became the world’s first kids to be “taught” by a digital teacher.Before you start imagining a human-like robot walking around the classroom, Will is just an avatar that appears on the student’s desktop, or smartphone screen, when ordered to come.The autonomous animation platform has been modeled after the human brain and nervous system, allowing it to show human-like behavior. The digital teacher is assigned to teach Vector’s “Be sustainable with energy”— a free program forAucklandelementary schools.Just like the humans it replaced, Will is able to instantly react to the students’ responses to the topic. Thanks to a webcam and microphone, the avatar not only responds to questions the kids may have, but also picks up non-verbal cues. For instance, if a student smiles at Will, he responds by smiling back. This two-way interaction not only helps attract the students’ attention, but also allows the program’s developers to monitor their engagement, and make changes if needed.Nikhil Ravishankar believes that Will-like avatars could be a novel way to catch the attention of the next generation. He says, “I have a lot of hope in this technology as a means to deliver cost-effective, rich, educational experience in the future.”The program, in place since August 2018, has been a great success thus far. Ravishankar says, “ What was fascinating to me was the reaction of the children to Will. The way they look at the world is so creative and different, and Will really captured their attention.” However, regardless of how popular it becomes, Will is unlikely to replace human educators any time soon.8. What was special for some elementary school students inAuckland?A. A digital teacher taught them.B. They first saw something digital.C. This was the start of a new school year.D. They could get close to smartphone screen.9. What is the benefit of this two-way interaction?A. It can smile back.B. It can use microphone.C. It can talk any topic for free.D. It can change if necessary.10. What’s Ravishankar’s attitude to Will’s replacing Human educators soon?A. Optimistic.B. Doubtful.C. Unclear.D. Disapproving.11. What might be the best title for the passage?A. New High-tech Contributes to EducationB. The World’s First Digital Teacher Appears in Classroom.C. The World’s First Digital Teacher, a Help to StudentsD.New ZealandWill Replace Teachers in ClassroomsDConducting interviews for news stories is an important skill for any journalist. To start, do as much research as you can and prepare a list of questions to ask. Once the interview starts, try to develop a rapport(融洽的关系) with your "source"—anyone a journalist interviews, but don't waste your time. If your source starts to talk about things that are clearly of no use to you, don't be afraid to gently but firmly turn the conversationback to the topic at hand.It's an old debate among journalists: Which works better when interviewing a source, taking notes (the old-fashioned way) or using a cassette or digital voice recorder? Both have their advantages and disadvantages. A reporter's notebook and a pen or pencil are the easy-to-use, time-honored tools of the interviewing trade, while recorders enable you to get everything someone says word for word. Which works better? It depends on what kind of story you're doing.Many beginning reporters complain that with a notepad and pen, they can never take down everything a source says in an interview. But you don't have to note everything down. Keep in mind that you're probably not going to use everything they say in your story. So don't worry if youlet slipa few things.So you've done a long interview with a source, you have pages of notes, and you're ready to write. But chances are you'll only be able to choose a few quotes from that information collected directly from the source.Which ones should you use? Reporters often talk about using only "good" quotes for their stories, but what does this mean? Broadly speaking, when someone says something interesting, and says it in an interesting way, that can make a good quote.12. What is a journalist advised to do during an interview?A. Be gentle with the source.B. Carry on a long conversation.C. Make the conversation interesting.D. Prevent the conversation being off-topic.13. What do the underlined words "let slip" in Paragraph 3 mean?A. give awayB. leave outC. get rid ofD. take up14. What is considered as a good quote for a reporter?A. A direct quote.B. An important point of view.C. A piece of basic information.D. Something funny a source says interestingly.15. What is the text mainly about?A. The job of a journalist.B. The process of interviewing.C Some facts about interviewing. D. The relationship between a journalist and a source.第二节（共5小题；每小题2分，满分10分）阅读下面短文，从短文后的选项中选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。
2020-2021学年首都师范大学附属中学高三英语一模试题及答案
2020-2021学年首都师范大学附属中学高三英语一模试题及答案第一部分阅读（共两节，满分40分）第一节（共15小题；每小题2分，满分30分）阅读下列短文，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中选出最佳选项AA 21-year-old female student has become the youngest womanever to be elected as Mayor (市长) after first entering politics to campaign about food.Labor Party (工党) member Rosie Corrigan was elected as Mayor of Selby a market town in North Yorkshire, on Monday. The student’s election was unchallenged to the mayoralty, following a year serving as deputy mayor. Corrigan has just finished her second year studying politics at theUniversityofHull. A political activist since secondary school, lifelong Selby citizen Corrigan has always been ambitious. As a member of the UK Youth Parliament, she co-founded the Selby Youth council, and then went on to run for and win the local council election as a Labour candidate (候选人) aged just 18.Corrigan plan to use her year in office to further encourage political awareness in the youth of Selby. By breaking a political record of being the youngest woman ever elected inUKhistory, Corrigan hopes this will break the misunderstanding of Selby being a sleepy town with old-fashioned views. “It’s an honor to be the Mayor of my lovely hometown,” Corrigan told a newspaper. “I plan on using the year to encourage children and young people to champion their communities.”The politics student’s election has been supported whole heartedly by the politicians she has worked with throughout her early-developing career, including thebackingof former deputy Prime Minister (副首相) John Prescott. Simon Darvill said in an interview, “I hope that the success of Rosie and others like her encourages more young people to get involved in politics and change where they live for the better.”1. Which statement is true according to Paragraph 2?A. Corrigan is new to the political scene of Selby.B. Corrigan became interested in politics in childhood.C. Corrigan has been living in Selby since she was born.D. Corrigan founded the Selby Youth council by herself.2. What can we infer from Paragraph 3?A. Corrigan plans to further her time in office by at least a year.B. The people of Selby are passive and have out-of-date views.C. Corrigan is the youngest person ever elected inUKhistory.D. Corrigan intends to increase Selby’s youth’spolitical involvement.3. Which of the following can replace the underlined word “backing” in Paragraph 4?A. ApprovalB. AppreciationC. PraiseD. SupportBJIANLI, Hubei Province, June 2 (Xinhua) — A cruise ship carrying more than 450 people sank in the Yangtze River overnight, which could be China’s worst sinking disaster in decades. As of 6 p.m. Tuesday, 14 peoplehad been rescued from the capsized vessel, with five others confirmed dead. The rest are still missing, although rescuers said there could be more survivors. Strong winds and heavy rain are hampering rescue efforts.The Eastern Star sank in only 15 meters of water “within one or two minutes” of being caught in freak weather in Jianli, according to the ship’s captain and chief engineer who survived the incident. The ship left the eastern Chinese city ofNanjingon May 28 bound forChongqingMunicipality.The ship was carrying 403 passengers, five tour guides, and 46 crew, rather than the previously reported 47. Most passengers were tourists fromShanghaiand its neighboringprovinceofJiangsu, aged between 3 and 83, with most in their 60s and 70s.The 76.5-meter-long and 11-meter-wide vessel has been in service for nearly 20 years and can carry up to 534 people. It is owned by Chongqing Dongfang Shipping. Waterway officials said they have no record of the company being involved in any previous sinking incidents.According to weather forecast, most of the Yangtze basin will be subject to downpours over the next 10 days, with heavy rain expected in the area where the search is underway.Police, waterway authorities and fire departments have sent more than 150 boats and over 4,000 personnel to the scene. The Chinese Navy has sent diving forces to search for the missing. The team is composed of soldiers from the navy’s fleets in the North Sea, East China Sea, andSouth China Sea, as well as students of the Naval University of Engineering. In addition, five helicopters were dispatched fromBeijingandHubei’s provincial capital ofWuhanon Tuesday morning, along with an IL-76 transport plane.4. We can infer from the text that ________.A. the incident was very suddenB. the weather benefited the rescueC. the ship had bad safety recordsD. the ship’s captain was drowned5. Which of the following statements is TRUE about the Eastern Star?A. It was overloaded.B. It’s been launched recently.C. It had 454 people on board.D. Its owner met similar incidents.6. What’s the main idea of the last paragraph?A. How people came to the rescue.B. Why the rescue was quite difficult.C. What the rescue force consisted of.D. How the rescue operation went on.7. The author’s purpose of writing the text is most likely to ________.A. informB. explainC. describeD. entertainCHardware in general,and smartphones in particular,have become a huge environmental and health problem in the Global South's landfill sites(垃圾填埋场).Electronic waste(e-waste) currently takes up 5 percent of all global waste,and it is set to increase rapidly as more of us own more than one smartphone,laptop and power bank They end up in places like Agbogbloshie on theoutskirts of Ghana's capital,Accra. It is the biggest e-waste dump in the world,where 10,000 informal workers walk through tons of abandoned goods as part of an informal recycling process.They risk their health searching for the precious metals that are found in abandoned smartphones.But Agbogbloshie should not exist.The Basel Convention,a 1989 treaty,aims to prevent developed nations from unauthorized dumping of e-waste in less developed countries.The e-waste industry,however,circumventsregulations by exporting e-waste labelled as "secondhand goods' to poor countries like Ghana,knowing full well hat it is heading for a landfill site.A recent report found Agbogbloshie contained some of the most dangerous chemicals.This is not surprising: smartphones contain chemicals like mercury（水银）,lead and even arsenic(砷).Reportedly, one egg from a free-range chicken in Agbogbloshie contained a certainchemical which can cause cancer and damage the immune system at a level that's about 220 times greater than alimit set by the European Food Safety Authority(EFSA).Most worryingly,these poisonous chemicals are free to pollute the broader soil and water system.This should concern us all, since some ofGhana's top exports are cocoa and nuts.Some governments have started to take responsibility for their consumers' waste.For example,Germanyhas started a project that includes a sustainable recycling system at Agbogbloshie,along with a health clinic for workers.However,governments cannot solve the problem alone, as there is an almost limitless consumer demand for hardware,especially when governments' green policies are focused on issues like climate change.Only the manufacturers can fix this.A more economically sustainable and politically possible solution is through encouraging hardware manufacturers to make the repair, reuse and recycling of hardware profitable,or at least cost-neutral8. What can we infer from Paragraph 2?A. Electronic waste requires more landfill sites acrossGhana.B. Electronic waste is too complex to get fully recycleC. Electronic products need to be improved urgentlyD. Electronic pollution is a burning question in Agbogbloshie9. What does the underlined word "circumvents"in Paragraph 3 mean?A. AbolishesB. TightensC. Brings inD. Gets around10. What should be the best concern according to the text?A. The thread of polluted food around the worldB. The damage of chicken’s immune systemC. The lack of diversity inGhana's exportsD. The violation of EFSA's standards11. What does the author think is the best solution to the e-waste problem?A. Manufacturers' developing a sustainable hardware economyB. Governments’ adjusting their green policies about e-waste.C. Reducing customers' demands for electronic productsD. Manufacturers’ urging the government to make effective policies to ensure more profit.DDragon boating is a team sport that has its root in ancient China. The boats are decorated with a dragon headand tail. In recent years cancer survivor groups have got involved in the sport to help make friends and help rebuild their lives.On a recent Saturday morning, a group of 20 women were on a boat in the Anacostia River in Washington DC. They moved their paddles(船桨)in rhythm to the call of a coach. The women belong to the dragon boat team GoPink! DC, which trains weekly. It also races against other breast cancer survivor teams in dragon boat festivals. As a result, GoPink! DC won medals in this Washington dragon boat festival.Lydia Collins joined five years ago after finding out she had breast cancer. “I was diagnosed with breast cancer.I was demoralized because of my illness - I lost all interest in life and wouldn't even get out of bed to eat. But now I love the team spirit. I just love everything about it. It is like a floating support group on the water.”The paddles are breast cancer survivors and their supporters. Annette Rothemel helped establish(建立)the group in 2006. She is a researcher with the National Institutes of Health as well as a breast cancer survivor. “It is sort of an easy entry sport because on the same boat people at different levels can be doing the same sport.” But Ms Rothemel saysdragon boating can be physically demanding, especially for someone who is sick and getting treatment for cancer.“It’s hard but I think you have to challenge yourself in life. This is something I look forward to. I get to be out here with my sisters and supporters that understand what I’m going through and help motivate me. So it makes me stronger and it makes me feel better,” another cancer survivor Rhonda Hartzel said.Annette Rothemel says the cancer survivors feel a sense of sisterhood and share good times when they paddle together. She says both feelings are treasured by the team.12. What do the underline wordsdemoralizedIn para.3 probably mean?A. depressedB. anxiousC. astonishedD. awkward13. What can we know about Lydia Collims from the text?A. she helps establish Go Pink !DCB. she tries to find a cure for the cancerC. she benefits from the dragon boat raceD. she gives up hope because of her illness14. How can the dragon boat race help the cancer survivorsA. forget their tough experiencesB. recover physically and mentallyC. get rid of the pains of their cancerD. enjoy their rest life without sufferings15. What does the text tell us about Annette Rothemel?A. she is an expert in studying the cause of the cancerB. she helps the cancer survivors in financial difficultiesC. she believes there is a healthful result from the dragon boat raceD. she thinks it unwise for the patient to join in the dragon boat race第二节（共5小题；每小题2分，满分10分）阅读下面短文，从短文后的选项中选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。
2020-2021学年首都师范大学附中高三英语一模试卷及答案
2020-2021学年首都师范大学附中高三英语一模试卷及答案第一部分阅读（共两节，满分40分）第一节（共15小题；每小题2分，满分30分）阅读下列短文，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中选出最佳选项AAs a nation, we are getting bigger and eating more. But there are effective ways to control your appetite and eat only as much as you need.Keep away from low-nutrition snacksThat means ice cream, sweets, chips biscuits, cakes and any other salty orsugary snacks you eat between meals. Although we have a tendency to eat them, you can learn to live without these unhealthy-and-fattening-additions to your diet. Try to make it a habit to eat them only when offered at social events or as a special treat.Leave half an hour between main course and dessertHaving a break between courses gives your brain time to receive the fullness signal and make you more likely to refuse the sweet stuff. And, in fact, as soon as you feel the first signals of fullness, remove your plate from the table. That will tell your brain that food time is over.Make yours a small helpingPut an end to super-sized portions. You won’t be missing out—today’s small was the medium or large of a few decade ago. Select or serve yourself a modest portion and eat it slowly enjoying the flavors. Before you know it, small will feel just right. What’s more, ordering the smaller size leads to wearing the smaller size.Distract yourselfWhen you find yourself hunting down food, even though you’re even hungry, do something else for 20 minutes. Drink a large glass of water as thirst is often confused with a desire for food. Choose something that engages your brain as well as your hands, such as writing a letter or listening to a song. You could also go for a short walk or do something that you enjoy. If you think you really are hungry, set an alarm for 20 minutes’ time and if you still want to eat when it rings, fine. If not, the urge will have passed.1. Which way suits you better if you tend to order a large portion of food?A. Distract yourself.B. Make yours a small helping.C. Keep away from low-nutrition snacks.D. Leave half an hour between main course and dessert.2. Why should you have a break between main course and dessert?A. To give people time to chat.B. To have a good appetite for sweet stuff.C. To reduce appetite for dessert.D. To give the host time to remove your plate.3. When you find yourself pursuing for food, what should you do?A. Eat some biscuits.B. Eat some sugary snacks.C. Have some soft drinks.D. Listen to a lovely melody.BJapan is known to have higher than average rates of stomach cancer. Recently, the town of Kaneyama in Yamagata Prefecture decided to get its 6, 000 residents (居民) tested.However, the frozen urine samples (尿样) are not tested in conventional ways. Instead, Professor Masao Miyashita and his team are using them in a trial to determine if specially trained cancer-sniffing dogs can accurately detect the disease. Though the study is still in its early stages, Miyashita is thrilled with the results. He said, “In our research so far, cancer detection dogs have been able to find signs of cancer with an accuracy of nearly 100 percent.”Researchers have known about the animals’ superior sensory skills for decades. However, their ability to detect cancer in humans came to light in 1989, after a dog sniffed out early-stage malignant melanoma (恶性黑色素瘤) on a patient’s leg in London. Since then, scientists from many countries have conducted studies to test dogs’ great skill at identifying cancer chemicals.While most dogs can be trained for the task researchers say the best candidates are dogs that are precise, quiet, and perhaps even a little shy. The training process is similar to how dogs are taught to learn any trick — by rewarding them with treats! However, it takes much longer because the dogs have to learn to separate the “cancer scent (气味)”from the thousands of organic compounds (有机化合物) in the human body. Researchers begin by exposing the dogs to urine samples from people with cancer, people with other diseases, and patients with no health issues, Once the dogs are able to accurately identify cancer, they are further trained to detect particular kinds of cancer.Successful as they may be, experts think dogs are unlikely to replace conventional tests. For one, it takes about seven years and costs as much as $45,000 to train a single dog. Klaus Hackner, a researcher and physicianwho studies dogs detecting cancer in breath samples at Krems University Hospital in Austria, is also not convinced dogs can be relied upon alone. Patients, therefore, have to receive further tests to confirm if they have the disease.4. What do we know about the cancer-sniffing dogs mentioned in Paragraph 2?A. They have done a great job.B. They are trained in a special way.C. They can easily learn to distinguish cancer.D. They can be seen in many Japanese hospitals.5. What does the author intend to do in Paragraph 3?A. Offer readers some advice.B. Add some background information.C. Summarize the previous paragraphs.D. Introduce a new topic for discussion.6. What kind of dog is suitable for the cancer-sniffing job?A. Smart and brave.B. Active and faithful.C. Strong and patient.D. Careful and peaceful.7. What is Klaus Hackner’s opinion on cancer-sniffing dogs?A. They should work as a team.B. They need to receive more training.C. They can replace doctors in detecting cancer.D. They should be used together with traditional tests.CA cheap printed sensor could transmit wildfire warnings. Wildfires have recently destroyed regions across the world, and theirgravityis increasing. Hoping to reduce harm, researchersled by Yapei Wang, a Chinese chemist ofRenminUniversity, say they have developed an inexpensive sensor to detect such fires earlier with less effort.Current detection methods rely heavily on human watchfulness, which can delay an effective response. Most wildfires are reported by the general public, and other alerts come from routine foot patrols and watchtower observers. Passing planes and satellites also occasionally spot something, but “the fire first appears on the ground," Wang says. “ When you see the fire from the sky, it is too late. ”The team says its new sensor can be placed near tree trunks' bases and send a wireless signal to a nearbyreceiver if there is a dramatic temperature increase. That heat also powers the sensor itself, without replacing batteries. The team printed the substances onto ordinary paper to create a sensor for just $ 0.40.But improving coordination among the different agencies involved in firefighting is even more crucial to address, says Graham Kent, an earthquake expert at theUniversityofNevada,Reno, who was not part of the study.Kentis director of ALERTWildfire, a network that uses cameras and crowd sourcing to watch for fires inCalifornia,NevadaandOregon. “The whole way that you respond to a fire until it's put out is like a ballet," he says. “You'd have to choreograph (设计) it just so, with resources precisely used at the right time and place and in the right order from detection to confirmation to assignment to extinguishment (熄灭).Fire detection is just step one.Wang says his team's next steps are to extend the device'ssignal range beyond the current 100 meters, which can limit practical use, and to develop a protective shield for it. The transmitter's effectiveness, he notes, will also need to be examined in the field ahead.8. What does the underlined word “gravity” in paragraph 1 probably mean?A. Pull.B. Extinction.C. Popularity.D. Severity.9. What do we know about the sensor?A. Its price remains high.B. Its batteries are replaceable.C. It can detect fires earlier and easier.D. It can reduce firefighters' pain.10. What doesKentmean in paragraph 4?A. Firefighting is easy but crucial.B. Fire detection resources are rich.C. Putting out a fire is an orderly activity.D. Technology is the key to extinguishing a fire.11. What's the plan for the new sensor according to Wang?A. Improving and testing it.B. Limiting its use and transmission.C. Examing and reducing its signal range.D. Getting it on the market ahead of time.DIt’s easy to do easy things, but they don’t carry the challenges and rewards of doing something difficult. Scott Kelly said he tried to express that view everywhere he went. And he spoke from experience, having spent a career that included the time as a NASA astronaut, US Navy captain, fighter pilot, and engineer.Scott spoke at the University of North Alabama, sharing stories about his experience of spending a year on the International Space Station (ISS). He said the physical pressure of living in weightlessness for a year was hard to describe and that the fluids(积水) in his head sometimes made him feel like he was standing on his head. It also needed some time to recover when he returned home. “My legs were weak and it would be uncomfortable to sit for a while because my body hadn’t had that pressure so long,” Scott said.He discussed life aboard including spending time with Russian astronauts. They came from different cultures. He had managed to get along well with everyone aboard as they lived together, worked together, and had to rely on each other. He thought it was one of the most rewarding things in his life.Though life there was not easy, Scott never regretted being an astronaut and going to space. He also discussed experiences growing up, admitting that he wasn’t always the greatest student but was able to overcome that through hard work and determination.“Never give up or lower your dreams. If you work for it, all things are possible. There is a zero percent chance of succeeding if you don’t even try. And when you succeed after trying hard, you’ll find it really rewarding,” Scott said in the end.12. Scott mentioned his experience in the ISS mainly to show ________.A. he enjoyed making speechesB. he was a responsible astronautC. his life in space was challengingD. the daily life of an astronaut can be boring13. What may benefit Scott most when he lived with Russian astronauts?A. He won some awards through teamwork.B. He found the fun of living in the Space Station.C. He learned to develop close relationships with others.D. He picked up some knowledge of Russian culture.14. Which of the following can best describe Scott?A. Kind and thoughtful.B. Curious and humorous.C. Easygoing and sociable.D. Hardworking and determined.15. What does the author intend to tell us from Scott’s story?A. It’s importantto have a dreamB. Easy things are also worth doingC. A suitable career leads one to success.D. Difficult things are demanding but rewarding第二节（共5小题；每小题2分，满分10分）阅读下面短文，从短文后的选项中选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。
2020-2021学年首都师范大学附属中学高三英语第一次联考试卷及参考答案
2020-2021学年首都师范大学附属中学高三英语第一次联考试卷及参考答案第一部分阅读（共两节，满分40分）第一节（共15小题；每小题2分，满分30分）阅读下列短文，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中选出最佳选项AFour Online EventsThe handshake：an anthropologist’s guideWhat is its biological purpose？What are the best and worst handshakes？In this talk，scientist Ella Al-Shamahi examines the power of touch and argues the handshake is at least 7 million years old．This event will start at 18:00 pm on 25 March and will last one hour．Standard ticket price：£15(A 20％discount for those who buy the ticket before March 20.)A rescue plan for natureWhat do we need to do to restore the planet 's biodiversity and preventthe next pandemic (疫情)？Join scientist Cristian Samper as he talks about how our ignoring nature caused the pandemic-and how we can seize a unique opportunity to build back better．This free event will start at 18:00 pm on 15 April．Origins of lifeWhy is the planet the way it is？How did we get here？Does everything happen for a reason or are some things left to chance？Research shows we live in a world driven by chance．In this talk，biologist Sean B Carroll will tell the stories of the mother of all accidents，and the surprising power of chance in our lives and the world．This event will start at 19:30 pm on 22 April and will last two hours．Standard ticket price：£18(A 10％discount for those who buy the ticket before April 17.)The truth about exerciseShould we all be hitting the gym three times a week？Should we worry about sitting to omuch？If you are strong and fit，can you get away with being inactive？In this talk，specialist Jason Gill introduces what science can really tell us about how much we need to move to live a healthy life．This event will start at 19:00 pm on May 13 and will last one hour，Standard ticket price：£12(A 15％discount for those who buy the ticket before May 8.)1.How much should you at least spend on the event about the handshake？A.£10.2．B.£12．C.£13．D.£16.2．2.From whom can you learn about the origins of life？A.Ella Al-Shamahi．B.Cristian Samper．C.Sean B Carroll．D.Jason Gill．3.What does the four online talks have in common？A.They are science-based．B.They are about cultures．C.They are related to nature．D.They are intended for the young．BThere will be more plastic than fish in the world’s oceans by 2050. That is what a new report from the World Economic Forum and Ellen MacArthur Foundation warns. If the current trend continues, the report said, oceans will contain one ton of plastic for every three tons of fish in 2025. By 2050, plastics will weigh more than fish. The problem is that each year at least 8 million tons of plastics end up in oceans around the world. This is the same as dumping the contents of one garbage truck into the ocean every minute.Not all plastic ends up in the ocean because someone throws a plastic bottle into the water. Plastic containers and other trash thrown onto streets and sidewalks often are swept into oceans. Unlike other types of trash in the ocean, the plastic never bio-degrades. There is a way to slow the amount of plastics going into the oceans — people can recycle more. Currently only about 14 percent of plastics are recycled. Research in Europe shows as much as 53 percent of plastic could be recycled using available technology. The report says that another solution is using less plastic for packaging products. But that is not likely to happen.“Given plastic packaging’s many benefits, both the possibility and desirability of an across-the-board dramatic reduction in the volume of plastic packaging used is clearly low, ”the report said. But the authors note reducing the use of plastics should be tried“where possible. ”For decades, scientists warned that plastics are killing fish. Research shows that fish are dying from choking after eating plastics. Another cause of death is that plastics cause“intestinal blockage and starvation, ”the environmental group said.4. Why is the garbage truck mentioned in Paragraph 1 ?A. To explain how plastics end up in the ocean.B. To warn people against the ocean pollution.C. To clarify the seriousness of the problem.D. To point out some details of the report.5. Why is plastic more dangerous than other types of trash?A. There is too much of it.B. It poisons the ocean water.C. It is from different sources.D. It is hard to break down.6. What is the author’s attitude to the suggested solutions?A. Pessimistic.B. Curious.C. Unconcerned.D. Terrified.7. What can we infer from the text?A. People are not aware of the problem.B. Recycling is limited by lack of technology.C. Plastic packaging has become part of our life.D. Fish in the ocean will be replaced by plastics.CJIANLI, Hubei Province, June 2 (Xinhua) — A cruise ship carrying more than 450 people sank in the Yangtze River overnight, which could be China’s worst sinking disaster in decades. As of 6 p.m. Tuesday, 14 peoplehad been rescued from the capsized vessel, with five others confirmed dead. The rest are still missing, although rescuers said there could be more survivors. Strong winds and heavy rain are hampering rescue efforts.The Eastern Star sank in only 15 meters of water “within one or two minutes” of being caught in freak weather in Jianli, according to the ship’s captain and chief engineer who survived the incident. The ship left the eastern Chinese city ofNanjingon May 28 bound forChongqingMunicipality.The ship was carrying 403 passengers, five tour guides, and 46 crew, rather than the previously reported 47. Most passengers were tourists fromShanghaiand its neighboringprovinceofJiangsu, aged between 3 and 83, with most in their 60s and 70s.The 76.5-meter-long and 11-meter-wide vessel has been in service for nearly 20 years and can carry up to 534 people. It is owned by Chongqing Dongfang Shipping. Waterway officials said they have no record of the company being involved in any previous sinking incidents.According to weather forecast, most of the Yangtze basin will be subject to downpours over the next 10 days, with heavy rain expected in the area where the search is underway.Police, waterway authorities and fire departments have sent more than 150 boats and over 4,000 personnel to the scene. The Chinese Navy has sent diving forces to search for the missing. The team is composed of soldiers from the navy’s fleets in the North Sea, East China Sea, andSouth China Sea, as well as students of the Naval University of Engineering. In addition, five helicopters were dispatched fromBeijingandHubei’s provincial capital ofWuhanon Tuesday morning, along with an IL-76 transport plane.8. We can infer from the text that ________.A. the incident was very suddenB. the weather benefited the rescueC. the ship had bad safety recordsD. the ship’s captain was drowned9. Which of the following statements is TRUE about the Eastern Star?A. It was overloaded.B. It’s been launched recently.C. It had 454 people on board.D. Its owner met similar incidents.10. What’s the main idea of the last paragraph?A. How people came to the rescue.B. Why the rescue was quite difficult.C. What the rescue force consisted of.D. How the rescue operation went on.11. The author’s purpose of writing the text is most likely to ________.A. informB. explainC. describeD. entertainDOnline education has grown fast over the past ten years. The explosion of technology has made teaching outside the traditional classroom possible for teachers and has provided learners with easy access to course materials. Its attractiveness, benefits, and challenges are addressed.In April, 2005, I was approached by a student who was interested in our doctoral program. However, the first question out of her mouth was, “Do you offer any online courses?” Later that day, as I was reading the conference program guide trying for interesting presentations, I noticed many workshops on web-based learning and online education. I later attended two of those workshops and met several professors from different universities who had either taught online courses for quite some time or who were discovering the best practice for teaching online. These experiences helped me realize at least to some extent the degree of growth in online education.My responsibilities for the term included gaining more understanding of online education. Consequently, I made several attempts to enrich my knowledge of distance learning and online teaching. I consulted with my colleagues who were teaching online courses. This helped me recognize the importance of getting materials prepared even before the start of a term. I also learned that online courses may consume more time than regularclassroom teaching. And I attended several workshops regarding online education and established a network with those who were involved in online programs at other universities. I will consider these people as my consultants as I begin to design my own online course. Also, I conducted a brief survey with 15 students and two faculty members who had taken or taught an online course before to understand their experience. Eventually I completed a literature review which gave me the foundation and the background of understanding the need for online education.12. What benefits the development of online education?A. Teachers’ good teaching ability.B. Lack of traditional classrooms.C. Learners’ access to free courses.D. The rapid advance of technology.13. Why did the author take a student for example?A. To show students’ love for the doctoral program.B. To persuade learners of traditional education.C. To explain the growing trend of online education.D. To predict the future of the teaching career.14. What caused the author to know more about online education?A. The appetite for knowledge.B. The professional responsibilities.C. The requirement of research.D. The colleagues’ encouragement.15. What is the author’s attitude to online education?A. Carefree.B. Doubtful.C. Supportive.D. Unwilling.第二节（共5小题；每小题2分，满分10分）阅读下面短文，从短文后的选项中选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。
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A
When Mother's Day arrived, I was bursting with pride when I gave her that
Once I was playing in the woods when the sky started to turn dark and the
geranium. I remember how bright her eyes were, and how delighted she was with
北京首师大附中 2020-2021 学年度第一学期第一次月考试卷
at the plant sale, I carefully made my 15 . I agonized（苦苦思索）over that
高三英语 笔试 开学后
2020.9.17
decision, 16 each plant to ensure that I had indeed found the best geranium. The moment I had smuggled it home, with the help of my sister, I 17 it on the
Li Bai was a Chinese poet praised from his own day to the present as a
assuring that our mother wouldn't find it before Mother's Day. I was there when she
22 excitement, the geranium hidden in a paper bag 23 her sweater. “I
safe!
looked at every plant,” she explained, “and I know I got the 24 one!”
B
I helped my little 25 hide that geranium on the upstairs neighbor's porch,
wind started to blow. I saw a big black cloud 1 (move) towards me. Suddenly,
my 19 .
I felt the rain hitting my face! Actually, it was pouring! Then I saw lightning in the
did for me, I gave her some money and off she went. She arrived at home full of
in the corner, cold and scared. 3 (lucky) my dad came and found me. I was
romantic figure 4 took traditional poetic forms to new heights. Thirty-four of his
gave my mother the geranium, and I watched them both bursting with pride and
The year I was fifteen, my younger sister reached third grade. In early May,
sky. And later, BOOM!!! A loud clap of thunder! Then I saw a little old hut and ran
密
(survive) ever since, enjoying lasting popularity in China and elsewhere. C
班级________________ 姓名_________________
一 语法填空 共 10 小题，每小题 1.5 分，共 15 分。
upstairs neighbor’s porch. I was very afraid my mother would find it before Mother's Day, but my sister assured me that she wouldn't, and 18 she did e me a soft secret smile. Shocked and puzzled, I 28 back. I
northern China 6 (destroy) by war. Fortunately, many of his poems 7
had been wondering how my mother could 29 to be surprised at this gift from
she came to me full of wonder and secrecy and told me that there was going to be a
inside. It smelled awful and the walls were shaking, but it was 2 (good) than
plant sale at school and she wanted to 20 our mother. Like my 21 sister
nothing! Outside, the wind was howling and things were flying around. I just stood
poems are included in Three Hundred Tang Poems. 5 (he) early poetry took
26 . It was like being in a dream I had already dreamed. My mother noticed me
place in the "golden age" of Tang dynasty. This all changed suddenly when all of