考研英语完型十大逻辑关系分析
考研英语逻辑关系词代词和文章结构词

1.五类逻辑关系〔前三类常考为核心,后二类为非核心〕:第一类逻辑关系词:转折,让步,比照〔本质:不一致〕(1). 转折,比照:however, but, nonetheless, nevertheless, yet*, though*, whereas*, while*, still*〔但是〕, conversely, contrarily, contrary to, to the contrary, on the contrary, by contrast, in contrast, in comparison〔相反地〕, compared with (与…相比), unlike〔不像〕, excluding, save, except, except that, except for, other than, barring*, aside from*, apart from*〔不包括〕(2). 让步:even if, even though, despite, in spite of, granted that, granting that, albeit, notwithstanding, although, though*, whereas*, while*〔尽管〕, (but) even so, (but) even now, (but) even then〔尽管如此〕, regardless of, irrespective of, regardless, even*〔即使〕(3). 转折,让步,比照:while*〔尽管,然而〕(4). 比照:instead, instead of, rather than, prefer to〔与其做…不如做…〕, either…or…〔或者…或者…〕, neither…nor…〔既不…也不…〕, other, anothe r〔其它〕, some…,others…〔一些…另一些…〕; some…most…〔一些…大局部…〕;some…the remaining(一些…剩余的…); the former…the latter…〔前者…后者…〕; on 〔the〕one hand…on the other hand…; on (the) one side…on the other side…〔一方面…另一方面…〕; some…others…still oth ers…〔一些…另一些…再一些…〕; against (相对) 类逻辑词:no, not, without, hardly, rarely, seldom, barely, scarcely, less〔否认功能〕, stop, cease〔停顿〕, firstly, at first, previously〔曾经〕, in effect, in fact, as a matter of fact, actually(其实), oppose, against〔反对〕, comparison, contrast〔比照〕, interestingly〔有趣的是〕, ironically〔挖苦的是〕, (un)fortunately〔不幸的是〕, than(比拟级), anyway, anyhow〔无论如何,不顾〕,第二类逻辑关系词:并列,递进,举例〔本质:一致〕并列:and〔和〕, or〔或者〕, also, as well as, as well, too〔也〕,equally, similarly, alike, likewise, similar to〔与…相似〕, consistent with, parallel with〔与…一致〕, aside from*, apart from*, besides, including〔包括〕, still*〔仍然〕, according to(根据), as*, like*, as if, as though〔像,如〕, the way〔按…的方式〕, as usual〔像通常那样〕递进:furthermore, moreover, additionally, in addition, in addition to, what’s more〔并且〕, above all〔最重要的是〕, indeed〔确实〕, even*〔甚至〕, not on ly…but (also)…not simply…but (also)〔不仅…而且…〕, more importantly, more significantly(更重要的是), still*, yet*, even*〔更,后加比拟级〕举例总分:for example, for instance, such as, like*〔例如〕, of, among, in, between〔在这些当中…〕举例分总:on the whole, in short, in brief, in conclusion, in summary, in a word, in a nutshell, to conclude, to sum up, all in all, generally, in general, overall, over all〔总而言之〕, eventually, finally, lastly, at last〔最终〕举例的分:firstly, at first, first and foremost, in the first place, to begin with, to start with〔第一〕, secondly, in the second place, in the meanwhile*, meanwhile*, simultaneously* (与此同时) , then*〔然后〕, 递进词〔第二〕, thirdly〔第三〕…类逻辑词:并列:“,〞, “;〞, “—〞, “()〞, namely, viz., that is, or rather, in other words, put another way(即), this/it mean, this/it refer to, this/it signify, this/it suggest, this/it imply, this/it indicate, this/it conveys, this/it infer, this/it demonstrate, this/it show, this/it illustrate, this/it display, this/ it manifest, this/ it depict, this/it boil down to…(这意味着, 这指的是), call sth. sth., regard sth. sth. (宾语补足语), 同位语, 同位语从句, same(一样), again, once more(再次), still*(仍然,用于肯定句), yet*(仍然,用于否认句), continue(继续),be动词(是), at the least(至少), at the most(至多), be regarded as, be considered as, be believed as, be envisioned as…(被看作)举例:“:〞, e.g., include, including〔包括〕, 数词+名词, all these〔所有这些〕, conclusion, summary〔总结〕第三类逻辑关系词:原因,结果,目的〔本质:因果〕原因:because, as*, for*, given, considering, now that, in that, since*, because of, on the ground of, in view of, in (the) light of, by virtue of, as a result of, as a consequence of, on account of, due to, owing to, thanks to〔因为〕, after all〔毕竟〕, for fear of/that, lest(由于害怕, 唯恐)结果:therefore, so, hence, thus, accordingly(因此), consequently, in consequence, as a result, thereby〔结果是〕, so…that…, such…that…〔如此…以致于…〕目的:for*, so that, such that, in order to, so as to(为了), in case*〔以防〕, to(为了) 提示词:explanation(n.), explain(v.), account for(解释〕, justify, prove(证明), reason(n.), cause(n.&v.), account〔原因〕problem(问题), causal(adj.), resulting(adj.)〔结果的〕, influence(n.), implication effect(n.)(影响〕, consequence(n.), result(n.)(结果), why(为什么), result from(导致于), root in, originate from, launched by, follow(来源于), raise, incur, arouse, affect, result in, bring about, lead to(导致), provoke, spur, urge, force, drive, stir, prompt(刺激,激起), make(使得), attribute A to B, owe A to B〔把A归因于B〕, A be put down to B〔A被归因于B〕, A be in response to B, A as a reaction to B(A是B的反响), the problem of A(A的问题在于…), by(通过…手段), to(为了)第四类逻辑关系词:时间〔本质:时间〕时间:after(在…后), thereafter(此后), before(在…前), between, during(在…间), later(后来), by, until(直到…), in the meanwhile*, meanwhile*, simultaneously* (与此同时), since, ever since, ever after(自从), even as(正当…时候), whenever(每当), then*(然后,那时), as*, while*, when*, whilst, once(当), henceforth, from now on(从今以后), until now, hitherto, so far, to date(至今为止)第五类逻辑关系词:条件〔本质:条件〕条件:unless, barring*,otherwise, or else(除非), when*, in case*, in case of(在…情况下), on condition that, as long as, so long as,providing, provided, suppose, supposing, if(假如), only if(只有当), if only(假如是…就好了)---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 有一个以上功能的词:even; after all; still; yet; for; in case; aside from; apart from; while; as; like; since; barring; in the meanwhile; meanwhile; then; since; when; whereas, simultaneously 易混淆的词:so…that(结果)/so that(目的); such…that(结果)/such that(目的); accordingly(结果)/according to(并列); only if/if only(条件)/even if/even though(让步)/as if/as though(并列); in case(条件,目的)/in case of(条件); though(让步,转折)/although(让步)2. 代词第一类:he(him, his, his), she(her, her, hers), it(it, its, its), they(them, their, theirs)第二类:this, that, these, those第三类:the former, the latter第四类:other, another, else第五类:so, such第六类:then第七类:some, a few, a little, many, much, something, anything, nothing, none第八类:here, there第九类:the previous, the last, the latest, the next, the subsequent3. 文章构造词第一类:ago, before, past, previously, at first, firstly, once, old, traditional, conventional第二类:now, nowadays, today, these days, these weeks, these months, these years, these decades, presently, lately, new第三类:no longer, no more, not any more, change, alter, until, subsequently, after第四类:still, yet, so far, up to now, hitherto, to this day4. 等于号be动词, 代词,并列逻辑关系词和提示词,举例逻辑关系词和提示词5. 提问词直接表达:means, show, reveal, demonstrate, signify, depict, indicate间接表达:imply, infer, suggest, hint, connote。
考研英语逻辑关系词的考点分析及应试技巧

考研英语逻辑关系词的考点分析及应试技巧2023年考研英语逻辑关系词的考点分析及应试技巧随着我国高等教育的不断发展,越来越多的大学生选择考研继续深造。
而英语作为考研必考科目之一,其难度不断增加,尤其是在逻辑关系词的考察上。
逻辑关系词是考研英语中非常重要的一部分,在考试中也是经常会出现的题型。
因此,掌握逻辑关系词的使用方法以及考点分析显得尤为重要。
一、逻辑关系词的定义逻辑关系词是指通过特定的词汇来表达句群中句与句之间的逻辑关系,即是指连接句子与句子、词与词之间的词。
逻辑关系词的种类非常多,可以分为并列关系词、转折关系词、对比关系词、因果关系词、条件关系词、举例关系词、总结关系词等。
二、逻辑关系词的使用方法1. 并列关系词用法并列关系词用法主要是指两个或两个以上并列的主语或谓语,常见的关联词有and,or等。
例如:He bought a cup of coffee and a piece of cake.She can either study abroad or stay in China to further her studies.2. 转折关系词用法转折关系词用法主要是指两个相对矛盾的观点或两个相对对立的情况。
常见的关联词有but,however等。
例如:The weather was hot, but we still went for a walk.He is a very good student. However, he does lack some practical experience.3. 对比关系词用法对比关系词用法主要是指将两个事物、观点、现象进行比较。
常见的关联词有like,as等。
例如:She looks like her mother.He can do it as well as I can.4. 因果关系词用法因果关系词用法主要是指因果关系,即一个事件或现象的发生是因为另一个相关的事件或现象发生所致。
考研英语中常见逻辑关系词的分类及使用方法

考研英语中常见逻辑关系词的分类及使用方法在如今的社会中,考研英语已经成为了许多人选择的一条途径。
然而,对于许多英语非母语的考生来说,英语中的逻辑关系词可能会使他们感到困惑。
因此,本文将会对考研英语中常见的逻辑关系词进行分类,并提供一些使用方法,帮助考生顺利通过英语考试。
一、表示并列关系的逻辑关系词并列关系指的是两个相互独立的要素之间的关系,如and、or、but、not only...but also…等。
其中,and是最常见的并列关系词,如"The government invests heavily in education, and it will continue to do so.",其表示的是两个相互独立的事件。
Or的意义为“或者”,通常在两个或多个选项中使用。
例如:"Do you prefer coffee or tea?"。
而but表达的是相互对立或者相反的意思。
在文中可以用来表达转折、对比、前后衔接等意思,如"He is a great player, but he needs to work harder."。
Not only...but also…表示的是数量的增加或者加强,如"China has not only a rich culture but also a strong economy."。
二、表示因果关系/条件关系的逻辑关系词因果关系指的是两个事件之间的因果关系,如because、so、thus、therefore、as a result、result in等。
例如:"He failed the exam because he didn't study hard enough."。
而条件关系表示的是某一事件/条件下引起的结果,如if、unless、provided that、in case等。
解答完形填空需考虑的十种逻辑关系

解答完形填空需考虑的十种逻辑关系1因果关系文中前后句之间是因果关系时,两句之间往往有表示原因和结果的关联词,如:because, so, as a result等;但是,有时两句之间却没有表示因果的信号词,这时前后句之间存在着一种隐性的因果关系。
[例1] He might not have done this particularly well, 46 the teacher told Gabriel that he had a good ear and suggested that Gabriel go into the music store-room to see if any of the instruments there appealed to him. (2017年江苏卷)46. A. because B. butC. thoughD. so解析:本题考查表示前后句之间逻辑关系的连接词。
句意:他也许弹(钢琴)得并不特别好,因为老师说他对音乐的领悟能力不错,并建议他去乐器贮藏室看看是否有令他喜欢的乐器。
他弹得不够好,也许是因为钢琴不太适合他,是因果关系,故选A。
[例2] They saw a man 36 out of a garbage can. She asked her mother why he did that and her mother said that the man was homeless and hungry. (2017年北京卷)36. A. jumping B. eatingC. cryingD. waving解析:后一句中的“the man was homeless and hungry(这个男人无家可归且饥肠辘辘)”表示原因,本句表示结果,即前果后因。
由因推果,可知“他们看见一个男人正在捡垃圾桶里的食物吃”,故选B。
2条件关系条件关系就是指从句提出一种条件,主句说明在这种条件下产生的结果。
考研英语完形填句常考的逻辑关系词

indeed, in fact, in any event / case, at no time, to tell the truth
做完型填空,需要把握各段落、句子之间的逻辑关系,这样才能加深对文章的全面理解,因此,应熟记表达各种不同逻辑关系的连词,这些逻辑关系词主要包括:
③下定义时所伴随的过度词:namely, in other words, that is to say, or rather
完形填空中要注意的连接词与连接语
一般把连接词与连接语分为以下三类:
1.表明事件发生的时间顺序:
then, first, at once, next, after that, previously, while, when, the following day, etc.
词要用虚拟语气,其形式为动词过去式。
例如:I’d rather you went by train, because I can’t bear the idea of your being in an airplane in such bad
weather.
③ 与“would rather”类似的句型还有
3)Effect:
as a result, hence, therefore, consequently, thus, so, etc.
4)Contrasting:
in / by contrast, on the contrary, on the other hand, nevertheless, whereas, while, yet, however, but, etc.
考研英语完形填句常考的逻辑关系词
完形填空逻辑关系整理

完形填空逻辑关系整理一、逻辑关系题1.对立关系【前后内容的含义相互对立】●表示对立关系的标志词汇:while,whereas,unlike,contrary to,in contrast (to),rather than,on the contrary,by contrast, of,not...but...,against,ignore,conversely,opposite等2.转折关系【对立关系的一种】●与对立关系的区别:对立关系的两方完全相反,转折关系只要前后意思不一致即可●表示转折关系的标志词汇:but,however,yet,nevertheless,while,otherwise等●说明:由于转折关系以及让步关系都可以属于对立关系,所以表示这三种关系的部分标志词汇有时可以通用3.让步关系【对立关系的一种;让步即为退一步说,即使条件变了也不影响结果】●比转折关系的程度要浅一些●表示让步关系的标志词汇:although,though,while,even,even though,evenif,in spite of,anyway,despite,regardless of等4.一致性关系【前后内容表意一致,如并列关系】●并列关系●与对立、转折、让步关系相反,只要文章前后句语义一致,便是并列关系。
或者,只要看到表示并列关系的标志词汇,就可以判断出文章前后句的语义一致●表示并列关系的标志词汇:also,besides,along with,indeed,and,likewise,or,not only...but also...,(n)either...(n)or...,that is to say,similarly,in the same way,the same as,as well as,like,meanwhile等●其他一致性关系【没有表示并列关系的词汇,也没有表示对立、转折、让步等关系的标志词汇时,基本可以判定上下文之间存在一致性】●上下文语义一致【没有对立、转折、让步等逻辑关系时,可以默认上下文之间为并列或顺承关系,即上下文语义一致】●前后词类一致【在某一特定场景下用到同一类词】●感情色彩一致●同义复现【上下文中出现过与空格里所需选择的词相一致的词语或者与空格所在句子相一致的句型】5.递进关系【并列关系的一种,程度更深】●表示递进关系的标志词汇:indeed,above all,furthermore,what's more,moreover,still(与比较级连用时),instead,even,in particular等6.因果关系【包括因和果两个部分】●表原因:because,in that,now that,since,as,for,after all,as a result of,considering that,seeing that等●表结果:so(...) that(...),such that,as a result,lead to,consequently,therefore,hence,thus,so等7.总分关系/举例关系#非常重要●前后讲的是同一件事情,前面总述(通常有复数名词),后面分述(通常有单数名词),或者前后是同一个范畴内的事物,前总后分;或前面提到了一个较为抽象的事物或概念,后面将其具体化,实现从抽象到具体的过程●表示总分关系的标志词汇:for example,for instance,such as,to illustrate,like(比如),to take an example,let’s imagine,more specifically speaking,according to,in particular(放在例子后)等8.条件关系【一部分提到了某个条件或假设,其他部分则说明在这种条件或假设下会产生何种结果】●表示条件关系的标志词汇:if,so long as,only if,unless,as long as,supposethat,supposing,provided that,in case,when,with等9.列举关系●表示列举关系的标志词汇:first,second,last,to begin with/to continue,next,first/then,on one hand/on the other hand,for one thing/for another,one/another,some/others/still others等10.解题方法●同义相斥原则(看选项)●while,whereas都表示对立关系,但同时出现时,因为while比whereas更正式,故选择while●indeed和其他表示递进关系的标志词汇相比,更加注重强调,因此当逻辑关系是递进逻辑时,选择indeed●not题:在空格(题目)前后出现“not”单词●选择表示对立/转折/让步关系的标志词汇●除第一段以外的段首如果让填逻辑关系词,则选择对立关系词;若无对立关系词选项,则选择递进关系词●如果逻辑关系词前后内容有包容性,即总分关系,则选择举例关系词二、动词题1.根据主语和宾语的逻辑关系做题2.看主语—是人还是物●主语必须是人的动词:doubt,intend,require,regard,be impressed by,believe,notice等●主语必须是物的动词:manifest等●主语可以是人或物的动词:show等3.看宾语—是人还是物●只能跟人作宾语的谓语动词:assure,impress,side with(赞同),share with等●可跟人跟物的动词:ensure,agree with等●说明:在确定选项范围缩小至assure与ensure时,选择ensure;同理,在确定选项范围缩小至side with与agree with时,选择agree with4.看宾语—是抽象名词还是具体名词●抽象名词作宾语:enhance(quality)等●具体名词作宾语:fasten(系紧),label(贴标签),feed等●宾语既可以是抽象名词也可以是具体名词:tighten等●说明:在确定范围缩小至fasten与tighten时,选择tighten5.根据动词后的介词及介词后的宾语三、形容词题1.形容词作定语时,形容词修饰的名词是解题线索2.形容词作表语时,主语就是解题线索3.形容词修饰名词时,并且名词后有定语或同位语,则形容词修饰的名词、名词后的定语或同位语同时作为解题线索4.副词修饰形容词时,副词就是解题线索四、名词题1.名词作主语时,谓语和宾语就是解题线索2.名词作宾语时,主语和谓语就是解题线索3.名词作表语时,主语就是解题线索4.名词被定语修饰时,定语就是解题线索5.介词后填名词时,通常考察固定搭配五、副词题1.根据副词所修饰的对象来做题2.根据副词所在语境来做题3.根据文章中心来做题。
考研英语完形填空解题技巧——利用逻辑关系解题

考研英语完形填空解题技巧——利用逻辑关系解题完形填空作为考研英语中的小题型,可以帮助我们与其他同学拉开差距,那么我们要如何才能快速提分呢?首先背单词当然是基础,但是光认识单词是不够的,同学们在解题时往往会发现一句话中的单词都认识,但是依然无法判断出答案,这时候就需要我们结合上下文中的逻辑关系来解题。
说到逻辑关系同学们可能会觉得很复杂,然而考研英语中考查的逻辑关系仅为英语中常见的几种逻辑关系,包括并列关系、总分关系、转折关系、对比关系、让步关系以及因果关系。
接下来我们就逐个来看看如何利用这些逻辑关系解题。
1. 并列关系、总分关系首先来说一说具有相同点的并列关系和总分关系,两者的逻辑特征同为一致性,也就是说两者连接的成分在语义上是相似相同相近的。
那么具体如何解题呢?我们一起通过真题来看一看。
(2013年完形23)Growing bodies need movement and _____, but not just in ways that emphasize competition.A. CareB. nutritionC.exercise D. leisure【真题解析】:要解出本题我们可以看看23空前后是否有可以利用的逻辑关系,我们发现了两个逻辑关系词,分别是and和but,由于but属于转折关系的逻辑标志词,所以我们暂且不用but来做题。
And是并列关系的逻辑标志词,连接的成分语义相近,我们看到and前面是movement,也就是运动、锻炼,由此可以判断出23空需要选的词词义与movement相近,由此可以判断出本题的正确答案为C选项。
(2005年完形20)The brain finds it best to keep smell receptors available for unfamiliar and emergency signals _____ the smell of smoke, which might indicate the danger of fire.A. Similar toB. such asC. alongwith D. aside from【真题解析】:本题为逻辑关系题,需要通过20空的前后信息选择逻辑关系标志词。
考研英语完形填空正确选项规律总结

考研英语完形填空正确选项规律总结
考研英语完形填空的正确选项往往具备以下几个规律:
1. 定义规律:正确选项常常是与前文或后文提到的概念或事物相关的术语或词汇。
通常可以通过对选项中涉及到的词语进行定义或解释,与上下文进行匹配,确定正确选项。
2. 逻辑规律:正确选项通常要符合上下文的逻辑关系。
需要注意的是,上下文的逻辑关系有时被干扰项所扭曲,应该注意排除干扰项。
3. 语法规律:正确选项常常符合语法规律。
需要注意的是,对于含有动词的空格,正确选项往往要与前后动词的时态、语态或人称保持一致。
4. 上下文语义规律:正确选项往往会借助上下文的语义进行判断。
可以通过推理或对选项的辨析,理解选项的含义,然后与上下文进行匹配确定正确选项。
5. 基础知识规律:正确选项往往与文中的基础知识相关。
需要对各个学科的基本概念和常识性知识有一定的了解,以便理解上下文。
总之,无论是从语言规则、逻辑关系还是上下文语义出发,正确选项都与上下文密切相关,遵循语境的要求。
正确选项在词义、语法、逻辑等多个方面与上下文保持一致。
- 1、下载文档前请自行甄别文档内容的完整性,平台不提供额外的编辑、内容补充、找答案等附加服务。
- 2、"仅部分预览"的文档,不可在线预览部分如存在完整性等问题,可反馈申请退款(可完整预览的文档不适用该条件!)。
- 3、如文档侵犯您的权益,请联系客服反馈,我们会尽快为您处理(人工客服工作时间:9:00-18:30)。
考研英语完型十大逻辑关系分析
众所周知,英语文章最重“逻辑”。
逻辑关系题在完型中,每年必考,考查题目数为2至8道,弄清句子之间逻辑关系的意义不仅在做对逻辑关系题,对全文理解及逻辑关系外的其它所有选项都具有指导意义。
并列关系:
标志词:and; and also; or; neither nor; either or; not only…but (also)…; in the same way; that is to say; similarly; likewise; equally; as well as, same…as;
递进关系:
标志词:also; then; besides; in addition; additionally; furthermore; what is more; moreover; indeed; apart from;above all
因果关系:
标志词:because; for; since; as; therefore; consequently; hence; so; thus; so…that; such…that; in order that; accordingly(因此;于是;相应地); due to; thanks to; as a result; in that(= because); now that(既然); because of; considering that, seeing that; in response to; for this reason;
Eg. Now that you are grown up, you should not rely on your parents.
转折关系:
标志词:but; however; on the contrary; contrarily; by contrast; in contrast; conversely; instead of ; rather than; unlike, on the other hand; unfortunately;
让步关系:
标志词: although; though; even though; even; even if; nevertheless; despite; in spite of; while; as;
Eg. While he loves his students, he is very strict with them.
King as he was, he was not happy / Child as he is, he knows a lot.
Hard though/as he tried, he failed.
列举关系
标志词first\second\last of all; in the first place\in the second place\finally; to begin with\ to continue; first…then; on one hand…on the other hand; for one thing…for another; one…another; some…others…still others;
对比关系
标志词while; whereas ; as; instead of; rather than; not…but;
时间关系
标志词when; whenever, before; after; since; as; while; until; till; simultaneously;
meanwhile; in the meantime, at the same time;
条件关系
标志词if; only if; if only; unless, otherwise; as soon as; as long as; providing that; provided that; on condition that; when; whenever; with;
举例关系
标志词such as, for example, for instance, of (these, those, them); among (these, those, them), to illustrate, as an illustration, to take an example, more specifically speaking, namely.
总结:句子间的逻辑关系不仅在完型中及其重要,在阅读、写作中亦具重大意义。
考生在复习真题时,应有意识地留意分析句子的逻辑词,了解英语文章行文逻辑,进而总结英语文章的总体结构特征。