考研英语长难句讲义

考研英语长难句突破课程讲义主讲：屠皓民

第一讲句子的基本成分

句子成分：主语、谓语、宾语/表语、定语、状语和补语。注：“_____”的部分是主干部分。例：Such characteristics make them perfect candidates.

谓语是整个句子的最重要的部分，也是整个句子的突破口。只有谓语是没有从句的概念的。

一、谓语

1、实义动词，即行为动词，watch, play

及物动词：后面直接宾语

不及物动词：后面加介词+宾语

We have friends all over the world.

The examination ended at 11:30 am.

They are looking for the lost wallet..

不及物动词有的时候也可以做及物动词来用，比如close，begin, study, leave, work等

The post offices close at 9:00 o’clock PM.

Close the window!

形式变化：时态变化，语态变化，用情态动词+实义动词的原型，情态动词+ have+过去分词形式

2、系动词(构成系表结构)

Be动词

持续的系动词：keep，taste，…后面加形容词

He always kept silent at the meeting.

The search proved difficult.

二、主语和宾语

(1)认识名词：

①名词是用来表示人，事物，地点，以及抽象事物名称的。比如：

人：John，sister，father

事物：water，air，sun，computer

地点：London，theater

抽象事物：love，happiness，imagination，hope

②名词的数：注意单复数

③名词的格：‘s以及of

逻辑语义：

Rachel：I’m Carol’s ex-husband's sister's roommate.

Doctor：I’m your roommate's brother's ex-wife's obstetrician. (产科医生)

——老友记

of: 理清逻辑语义

表示所有关系：

翻译方法：“A of B”翻译成“B的A”

The rapidity of the motion of the wing of the hummingbird is remarkable.

The coming of age of post-war baby boom brought remarkable influence upon American society.

特殊：

China is proud of its five thousand years of the history and culture.

(2)语法功能：充当句子中主语、宾语、宾语补足语、表语、同位语等成分。

例：The reasonsare clear now.

Why he murdered his wifeis clear now.

He has made clear the facts.

He has made clear what they had done yesterday.

It is the question.

It is whether the book is worth reading.

We found out the murderer，Tom.

We found out the fact that he was killed.

注：代词与名词关系十分紧密，与名词形成特定的指代关系。

分为以下几类：

人称代词：I/you/he/she/it/me/you/him/her/it

形容词性物主代词：my/your/his/her/its/

名词性物主代词：mine/yours/his/hers/its

反身代词：myself/yourself/herself/himself/itself

不定代词：every/both/all/none/something/anything/everything(注意否定)

疑问代词：that/what/which/whose/who/whom

(3)名词性结构：动名词与不定式

①动名词与不定式做主语

例：Watching TV is my hobby.

Getting enough vitamins is essential to life.

Really using a language is not an easy task.

(2006完形)Finding ways to assist this growing homeless population has become increasingly difficult.

(2009.阅读) Knowing what you are good at and doing even more of it creates excellence.

To master a language is not an easy thing.

To err(犯错)is human；to forgive，divine(神圣的).

It is surely not wrong to live in the present rather than in the past of future.

②动名词与不定式做宾语

例：Other states are going to consider making a similar law to deal with euthanasia.

Bad weather prevented him from starting out for Beijing on time.

(2003Text 1)The latest revolution isn't simply a matter of gentlemen reading other gentlemen’s e-mail.

③动名词与不定式检测题

(2004Text 1)With thousands of career-related sites on the Internet，finding promising openings(空缺)can be time-consuming and inefficient……Working with a personal search agent means having another set of eyes looking out for you.

(2004完形)All these conditions tend to increase the probability of a child committing a criminal act.

(4) 主语从句、宾语从句

注：把原来是词的位置转换成句就成了相应的从句。

①主语从句：that引导(陈述句)、whether(一般疑问句)、what等疑问词引导(特殊疑问句)。That English is important is an undoubted fact.

Whether he will come to my party makes no difference to me.

What we forget ——what our economy depends on us forgetting ——is that happiness is