新外研版高一必修一unit1语法(句子的成分和五种句型)

简单句的五种基本结构以及句子成分

了解中英文思维的差别

中文重“意”，英文重“形”

共同点：陈述对象+陈述内容即主+ 谓（主干）

建议：在复习复杂的难句结构时，首先要找到句子的谓语，包括主句的谓语以及各个从句的谓语。

Another way of naming places is naming them after other places. Perhaps they were named to promote friendships between the two places or it could be that the people who used to live there were originally from the places that the roads were named after.

（另一个命名地方的方式是以其他地方命名。也许他们的名字是为了促进两地之间的友谊，也可能是原来住在那里的人是来自于道路得名的地方。）

英语句型的结构：主干+其他成分（从句，介短，非谓，时状）

A man was standing at a bus stop eating fish and chips. An old lady and her

little white dog stood next to him. The dog, excited by the smell of the fish and chips, started to bark and jump up on the man’s leg.

“Do you mind if I throw him a bit?”

“Not at all,” she said. “Go ahead.”

So the man picked up the little dog and threw it over a wall.

简单句的五种基本结构以及句子成分

句型一、主谓

成分一：主语

一个句子所叙述的主体，一般位于句首。通常由名词，代词，数词，the+adj.，动名词，不定式，从句等充当。

e.g.

1.Beijing is a beautiful city.

2.She is a clever girl.

3.My uncle looks attractive.

4.The poor live in the old house.

5.Running is good for our health.

6.To study a foreign language is very important.

7.Five and three is eight.

8.That he will succeed is certain.

练习

找出下列句子的主语并说出由什么充当。

1.During the 1990s, American country music has become more and more popular.

2.We often speak English in class.

3.One-third of the students in this class are girls.

4.To swim in the river is a great pleasure.

5.Smoking does harm to the health.

6.The rich should help the poor.

7.When we are going to have English test has not been decided.

8.It is necessary to master a foreign language.

9.That he isn’t at home is not true.

10.There comes the bus.

成分二：谓语

说明主语的动作或状态，必须由动词充当，并和主语保持一致。

本句型的主语为不及物动词（vi），后面不接宾语，如接宾语必须与介词连用，大多要会跟介词短语和时间状语。

e.g.

1.He cried in the room.

2.It is raining now.

3.The bus stopped.

4.Tom left yesterday.

5.We have worked for 5 hours.

6.The meeting lasted half an hour.

**及物动词和不及物动词：是否直接接宾语.

试比较：

The door opened.

He opened the door.

1、有些动词既可作及物动词又可作不及物动词，词义相同

The meeting began at six.

We began the meeting at six.

2、有些动词既可作及物动词又可作不及物动词，词义不同

The man walked away.

He walked the dog every day.

3、英语中单词是及物动词还是不及物，可能与汉语不同

He listens to the music every day.

4、有些动词只能作及物动词，就必须带宾语

I don’t know what to do.

I don’t know why/how/when to do it.