物流供应链管理第九章习题-答案
《跨境电商物流与供应链管理》课后答案
第1章跨境电商物流管理认知一、选择题1.ABCDE2.ACD3.BCDE4.ABCD二、名词解释1. 物流：指物品从供应地向接收地的实体流动过程。
根据实际需要，将运输、储存、装卸、搬运、包装、流通加工、配送、信息处理等基本功能实施有机结合。
2. 跨境电商物流：指网上平台销售的物品从供应地到不同国家地域范围接收地的实体流动过程。
三、简答题1. 简述跨境电商与物流之间的联动关系。
答：跨境电商与物流是相互依存、相互促进的关系：（1）物流是跨境电商的重要环节；（2）跨境电商的发展为物流发展提供了机遇；（3）物流是跨境电商发展的关键因素。
2. 简述跨境电商物流的发展趋势。
答：（1）信息平台统一化趋势；（2）业务流程标准化及模块化趋势；（3）物流解决方案定制化一体趋势；（4）技术及设备的集成管理趋势；（5）业务方式多元化趋势。
3. 简述跨境电商物流管理的目标。
答：跨境电商物流管理就是使各项跨境电商物流活动实现最佳的协调与配合，以满足跨境电商高效率和全球化的特点，进而达到提高效率、降低成本、产品质量强化的目标。
【案例实训】我国跨境电商物流发展面临的机遇：（1）物流业地位的提升，为我国跨境电商物流发展提供了原动力。
（2）跨境电商稳健发展的行业环境，有利于我国跨境电商物流的发展。
（3）发达国家跨境电商物流发展经验，为我国跨境电商物流的发展提供了有益借鉴。
下一阶段发展建议：加快信息平台统一化步伐，强化业务流程标准化、模块化和物流解决方案定制一体化操作、加大技术及设备的集成管理和业务方式多元化建设。
第2章跨境电商物流模式及其网络构成一、选择题1.A2.B3.B4.B5.A6.A二、名词解释1、保税港区：是指经国务院批准，设立在国家对外开放的口岸港区和与之相连的特定区域内，具有口岸、物流、加工等功能的海关特殊监管区域。
2、海外仓：从狭义方面，海外仓是指建立在海外的仓储设施；从广义方面，在跨境贸易电子商务中，海外仓是指国内企业将商品通过大宗运输的形式运往目标市场国家，在当地建立仓库、储存商品，然后再根据当地的销售订单，第一时间作出响应，及时从当地仓库直接进行分拣、包装和配送的一种先进的物流模式。
供应链管理第三版Unit9习题与答案(可编辑修改word版)
Chapter 9Planning Supply and Demand in the Supply Chain:Managing Predictable VariabilityTrue/False1. Predictable variability is change in demand that cannot be forecasted.Answer: FalseDifficulty: Easy2. Faced with predictable variability of demand, a company’s goal is to respond in amanner that maximizes profitability.Answer: TrueDifficulty: Easy3. The advantage of carrying enough manufacturing capacity to meet demand inany period is very low inventory costs, because no inventory needs to be c arried from period to period.Answer: TrueDifficulty: Easy4. The disadvantage of carrying enough manufacturing capacity to meet demand inany period is that much of the expensive capacity would go unused during most months when demand was lower.Answer: TrueDifficulty: Easy5. The advantage of building up inventory during the off season to keep productionstable year round lies in the fact that a firm could get by with a smaller, moreexpensive factory.Answer: FalseDifficulty: Moderate6. The disadvantage of building up inventory during the off season to keepproduction stable year round is the expensive capacity that would go unusedduring most months when demand was lower.Answer: FalseDifficulty: Easy7. An approach where a firm works with their retail partners in the supply chain tooffer a price promotion during periods of low demand would shift some of thedemand into a slow period, thereby spreading demand more evenly throughoutthe year and reducing the seasonal surge.Answer: TrueDifficulty: Moderate8. With supply and demand management decisions being made independently, it iseasier to coordinate the supply chain, thereby increasing profit.Answer: FalseDifficulty: Moderate9. A firm can vary supply of product by controlling production capacity andinventory.Answer: TrueDifficulty: Easy10. A firm that uses flexible work hours from the workforce to manage capacity tobetter meet demand is using a seasonal workforce.Answer: FalseDifficulty: Moderate11. Scheduling the workforce so that the available capacity better matches demandis using time flexibility from the workforce.Answer: TrueDifficulty: Moderate12. The use of a part-time workforce to increase the capacity flexibility by enablingthe firm to have more people at work during peak periods is designing productflexibility into the production processes.Answer: FalseDifficulty: Moderate13. A firm that uses a temporary workforce during the peak season to increasecapacity to match demand is using a seasonal workforce.Answer: TrueDifficulty: Easy14. The use of dual facilities to manage capacity may be hard to sustain if the labormarket is tight.Answer: FalseDifficulty: Hard15. A firm that purchases peak production capability from other companies so thatinternal production remains level and can be done cheaply is usingsubcontracting.Answer: TrueDifficulty: Easy16. A firm that builds dedicated facilities to produce a relatively stable output ofproducts over time in a very efficient manner and purchases peak productioncapability from other companies is using subcontracting.Answer: FalseDifficulty: Hard17. A firm that has production lines whose production rate can easily be varied tomatch demand has designed product flexibility into the production processes.Answer: TrueDifficulty: Easy18. The use of a seasonal workforce requires that the workforce be multi-skilled andeasily adapt to being moved from line to line.Answer: ModerateDifficulty: Hard19. The use of common components across multiple products, with each producthaving predictably variable demand, will result in the demand for the components being relatively constant.Answer: TrueDifficulty: Moderate20. When most of the products a firm produces have the same peak demandseason, the use of common components to create relatively constant overalldemand in the components is feasible.Answer: FalseDifficulty: Moderate21. When most of the products a firm produces have the same peak demandseason, it is necessary to build products during the off season that have morepredictable demand.Answer: TrueDifficulty: Easy22. Operations usually makes the promotion and pricing decisions.Answer: FalseDifficulty: Easy23. Maximizing revenue is typically the objective when marketing and sales make thepromotion and pricing decisions.Answer: TrueDifficulty: Easy24. Pricing decisions based only on revenue considerations often result in anincrease in overall profitability.Answer: FalseDifficulty: Moderate25. The combination of pricing and aggregate planning (both demand and supplymanagement) can be used to maximize supply chain profitability.Answer: TrueDifficulty: Moderate26. When performing aggregate planning, the goal of all firms in the supply chainshould be to maximize individual firm profits.Answer: FalseDifficulty: Moderate27. Determining how profits will be allocated to different members of the supply chainis a key to successful collaboration.Answer: TrueDifficulty: Moderate28. In general, as the fraction of increased demand coming from forward buyinggrows, offering the promotion during the peak demand period becomes moreattractive.Answer: FalseDifficulty: Moderate29. Offering a promotion during a peak period that has significant forward buyingcreates even more variable demand than before the promotion.Answer: TrueDifficulty: Easy30. Average inventory decreases if a promotion is run during the peak period andincreases if the promotion is run during the off-peak period.Answer: FalseDifficulty: Easy31. Promoting during a peak demand month may decrease overall profitability if asignificant fraction of the demand increase results from a forward buy.Answer: TrueDifficulty: Hard32. As forward buying becomes a smaller fraction of the demand increase from apromotion, it is less profitable to promote during the peak period.Answer: FalseDifficulty: Hard33. As the product margin declines, promoting during the peak demand p eriodbecomes less profitable.Answer: TrueDifficulty: Easy34. When faced with seasonal demand, a firm should use a combination of pricing(to manage demand) and production and inventory (to manage supply) toimprove profitability.Answer: TrueDifficulty: ModerateMultiple Choice1. Predictable variability isa. change in demand that can be forecasted.b. change in demand that cannot be forecasted.c. change in demand that has been planned.d. change in demand that has been scheduled.e. all of the aboveAnswer: aDifficulty: Easy2. Which of the following is not a problem caused by products experiencingpredictable variability of demand?a. high levels of stockouts during peak demandb. high levels of excess inventory during periods of low demandc. increased responsiveness of the supply chaind. increased costs in the supply chaine. decreased responsiveness of the supply chainAnswer: cDifficulty: Easy3. A firm can handle predictable variability by managinga. supply using capacity, inventory, trade promotions, and backlogs.b. supply using capacity, inventory, subcontracting, and backlogs.c. demand using short-term price discounts and trade promotions.d. a and c onlye. b and c onlyAnswer: e Difficulty:Easy4. Seasonal demand can be met bya. maintaining enough manufacturing capacity to meet demand in anyperiod.b. building up inventory during the off season to meet demand during peakseasons.c. offering a price promotion during periods of low demand to shift some ofthe demand into a slow period.d. all of the abovee. a and b onlyAnswer: d Difficulty:Moderate5. The advantage of maintaining enough manufacturing capacity to meet demand inany period isa. very low inventory costs because inventory needs to be carried fromperiod to period.b. very low inventory costs because no inventory needs to be carried fromperiod to period.c. very high inventory costs because no inventory needs to be carried fromperiod to period.d. very high inventory costs because expensive capacity would go unusedduring most months when demand was lower.e. none of the aboveAnswer: bDifficulty: Moderate6. The disadvantage of maintaining enough manufacturing capacity to meetdemand in any period isa. much of the expensive capacity would go unused during most monthswhen demand was lower.b. the expensive capacity would be used consistently throughout the year.c. most of the expensive capacity would still be used during most monthswhen demand was lower.d. very low inventory costs because no inventory needs to be carried fromperiod to period.e. None of the above are true.Answer: aDifficulty: Moderate7. The advantage of building up inventory during the off season to meet d emandduring peak seasons and keep production stable year round isa. very low inventory costs because no inventory needs to be carried fromperiod to period.b. much of the expensive capacity would go unused during most monthswhen demand was lower.c. in the fact that a firm could get by with a smaller, less expensive factory.d. in the fact that a firm could get by with a larger, more expensive factory.e. None of the above are true.Answer: cDifficulty: Moderate8. The disadvantage of building up inventory during the off season to meet demandduring peak seasons and keep production stable year round isa. very low inventory costs because no inventory needs to be carried fromperiod to period.b. very high inventory costs because inventory needs to be carried from periodto period.c. in the fact that a firm could get by with a smaller, less expensive factory.d. in the fact that a firm could get by with a larger, more expensive factory.e. None of the above are true.Answer: bDifficulty: Moderate9. The advantage of offering a price promotion during periods of low demand toshift some of the demand into a slow period isa. a demand pattern that is less expensive to supply.b. very high inventory costs because inventory needs to be carried fromperiod to period.c. in the fact that a firm could get by with a smaller, more expensive factory.d. much of the expensive capacity would go unused during most monthswhen demand was lower.e. all of the aboveAnswer: aDifficulty: Moderate10. Companies typically divide the task of supply and demand so thata. Marketing manages demand and Operations manages supply.b. Marketing manages supply and Operations manages demand.c. Marketing manages demand and supply.d. Operations manages demand and supply.e. none of the aboveAnswer: aDifficulty: Easy11. With supply and demand management decisions being made independently,a. it is increasingly difficult to coordinate the supply chain, therebyincreasing profit.b. it is increasingly difficult to coordinate the supply chain, therebydecreasing profit.c. it is easier to coordinate the supply chain, thereby decreasing profit.d. it is easier to coordinate the supply chain, thereby increasing profit.e. none of the aboveAnswer: bDifficulty: Moderate12. A firm can vary supply of product by controllinga. production capacity and inventory.b. production capacity and price promotions.c. price promotions and inventory.d. production capacity and inventory promotions.e. none of the aboveAnswer: aDifficulty: Moderate13. Which of the following is not an approach that firms can use when managingcapacity to meet predictable demand variability?a. time flexibility from workforceb. use of seasonal workforcec. use of subcontractingd. use of dual facilities—dedicated and flexiblee. using common components across multiple productsAnswer: eDifficulty: Easy14. The capacity management approach that uses flexible work hours from theworkforce to manage capacity to better meet demand isa. time flexibility from workforce.b. use of seasonal workforce.c. use of subcontracting.d. use of dual facilities—dedicated and flexible.e. designing product flexibility into the production processes.Answer: aDifficulty: Moderate15. The capacity management approach that uses a temporary workforce during thepeak season to increase capacity to match demand isa. time flexibility from workforce.b. the use of seasonal workforce.c. the use of subcontracting.d. the use of dual facilities—dedicated and flexible.e. designing product flexibility into the production processes.Answer: bDifficulty: Easy16. The capacity management approach where a firm purchases peak productionfrom another firm so that internal production remains level and can be donecheaply isa. time flexibility from workforce.b. the use of seasonal workforce.c. the use of subcontracting.d. the use of dual facilities—dedicated and flexible.e. designing product flexibility into the production processes.Answer: cDifficulty: Moderate17. The capacity management approach where a firm builds facilities to produce arelatively stable output of products over time in a very efficient manner andfacilities to produce a widely varying volume and variety of products, but at ahigher unit cost isa. time flexibility from workforce.b. the use of seasonal workforce.c. the use of subcontracting.d. the use of dual facilities—dedicated and flexible.e. designing product flexibility into the production processes.Answer: dDifficulty: Easy18. The capacity management approach where a firm has production lines whoseproduction rate can easily be varied to match demand isa. time flexibility from workforce.b. the use of seasonal workforce.c. the use of subcontracting.d. the use of dual facilities—dedicated and flexible.e. designing product flexibility into the production processes.Answer: eDifficulty: Moderate19. Which approach to capacity management may be hard to sustain if the labormarket is tight?a. time flexibility from workforceb. use of seasonal workforcec. use of subcontractingd. use of dual facilities—dedicated and flexiblee. designing product flexibility into the production processesAnswer: bDifficulty: Moderate20. Which approach to capacity management makes use of spare plant capacity thatexists in the form of hours when the plant is not operational?a. time flexibility from workforceb. use of seasonal workforcec. use of subcontractingd. use of dual facilities—dedicated and flexiblee. designing product flexibility into the production processesAnswer: aDifficulty: Moderate21. Which approach to capacity management makes use of overtime, which is variedto match the variation in demand?a. time flexibility from workforceb. use of seasonal workforcec. use of subcontractingd. use of dual facilities—dedicated and flexiblee. designing product flexibility into the production processesAnswer: aDifficulty: Easy22. Which approach to capacity management would schedule the workforce so thatthe available capacity better matches demand?a. time flexibility from workforceb. use of seasonal workforcec. use of subcontractingd. use of dual facilities—dedicated and flexiblee. designing product flexibility into the production processesAnswer: aDifficulty: Easy23. Which approach to capacity management would use a part-time workforce toincrease capacity flexibility by enabling the firm to have more people at workduring peak periods?a. time flexibility from workforceb. use of seasonal workforcec. use of subcontractingd. use of dual facilities—dedicated and flexiblee. designing product flexibility into the production processesAnswer: aDifficulty: Moderate24. The key to which capacity management approach would involve having bothvolume (fluctuating demand from a manufacturer) and variety flexibility (demand from several manufacturers) to be sustainable?a. time flexibility from workforceb. use of seasonal workforcec. use of subcontractingd. use of dual facilities—dedicated and flexiblee. designing product flexibility into the production processesAnswer: cDifficulty: Hard25. Which approach to capacity management would require that the workforce bemulti-skilled and easily adapt to being moved from line to line?a. time flexibility from workforceb. use of seasonal workforcec. use of subcontractingd. use of dual facilities—dedicated and flexiblee. designing product flexibility into the production processesAnswer: eDifficulty: Moderate26. Which approach to capacity management would use production machinery thatcan be changed easily from producing one product to another?a. time flexibility from workforceb. use of seasonal workforcec. use of subcontractingd. use of dual facilities—dedicated and flexiblee. designing product flexibility into the production processesAnswer: eDifficulty: Moderate27. Which approach to capacity management would only be effective if the overalldemand across all the products is relatively constant?a. time flexibility from workforceb. use of seasonal workforcec. use of subcontractingd. use of dual facilities—dedicated and flexiblee. designing product flexibility into the production processesAnswer: eDifficulty: Hard28. Which of the following is an approach that firms can use when managinginventory to meet predictable demand variability?a. time flexibility from workforceb. use of seasonal workforcec. use of subcontractingd. use of dual facilities—dedicated and flexiblee. using common components across multiple productsAnswer: eDifficulty: Moderate29. When a firm designs common components used in multiple products, with eachproduct having predictably variable demand, they are trying toa. develop relatively constant overall demand.b. use a seasonal workforce.c. build inventory of high demand or predictable demand products.d. use subcontracting.e. use dual facilities—dedicated and flexible.Answer: dDifficulty: Easy30. When most of the products a firm produces have the same peak demandseason, in order to meet predictable variability with inventory, it musta. use common components across multiple products.b. use a seasonal workforce.c. build inventory of high demand or predictable demand products.d. use subcontracting.e. use dual facilities—dedicated and flexible.Answer: cDifficulty: Moderate31. Supply chains can influence demand by usinga. production capacity and inventory.b. pricing and other promotions.c. price promotions and inventory.d. production capacity and inventory promotions.e. production capacity and other promotions.Answer: bDifficulty: Moderate32. The pricing and promotion decisions are often made bya. marketing and sales.b. marketing and operations.c. operations and sales.d. marketing, operations, and sales.e. marketing and operations without sales.Answer: aDifficulty: Moderate33. The promotion and pricing decisions made by marketing and sales typically havethe objective ofa. maximizing profitability.b. minimizing profitability.c. minimizing revenue.d. maximizing revenue.e. maximizing profitability across the supply chain.Answer: dDifficulty: Hard34. Pricing decisions based only on revenue considerations often result ina. a decrease in overall profitability.b. an increase in overall profitability.c. a decrease in overall revenue.d. a decrease in supply chain revenue.e. an increase in supply chain profitability.Answer: aDifficulty: Moderate35. The combination of pricing and aggregate planning (both demand and supplymanagement) can be used toa. maximize customer orders.b. minimize customer orders.c. maximize supply chain profitability.d. minimize supply chain profitability.e. None of the above are accurate.Answer: cDifficulty: Easy36. When performing aggregate planning, the goal of all firms should be toa. minimize company profits.b. maximize company profits.c. minimize supply chain profits.d. maximize supply chain profits.e. All of the above are accurate.Answer: dDifficulty: Moderate37. When planning, the goal of all firms in the supply chain should be to maximizesupply chain profits becausea. this leaves them less profit to divide among themselves.b. this leaves them more profit to divide among themselves.c. this outcome leaves them more profit to pay tax on.d. this outcome will increase their charitable giving.e. none of the aboveAnswer: bDifficulty: Easy38. One key to successful collaboration when the supply chain is performingaggregate planning isa. determining how losses will be allocated to different members of thesupply chain.b. determining how profits will be allocated to different members of t hesupply chain.c. determining how labor will be allocated to different members of the supplychain.d. determining how customers will be allocated to different members of thesupply chain.e. none of the aboveAnswer: bDifficulty: Moderate39. Which of the following is not a key factor influencing the timing of a tradepromotion?a. impact of the promotion on demandb. product marginsc. cost of holding inventoryd. cost of changing capacitye. none of the aboveAnswer: eDifficulty: Moderate40. Which of the following is not a factor that would result in increased demand froma trade promotion?a. market growthb. stealing sharec. forward sellingd. forward buyinge. All of the above are factors in increased demand.Answer: cDifficulty: Hard41. An increase in consumption of the product either from new or existing customersisa. market growth.b. stealing share.c. forward selling.d. forward buying.e. none of the aboveAnswer: aDifficulty: Easy42. Customers substituting the firm’s product for a competitor’s product isa. market growth.b. stealing share.c. forward selling.d. forward buying.e. none of the aboveAnswer: bDifficulty: Easy43. Customers moving up future purchases to the present isa. market growth.b. stealing share.c. forward selling.d. forward buying.e. none of the aboveAnswer: dDifficulty: Easy44. In general, as the fraction of increased demand coming from forward buyinggrows, offering the promotion during the peak demand period becomesa. less attractive.b. more attractive.c. more profitable.d. less significant.e. none of the aboveAnswer: aDifficulty: Moderate45. Offering a promotion during a peak period that has significant forward buyinga. creates a desirable demand pattern.b. creates a demand pattern less costly to serve.c. creates a demand pattern even more costly to serve.d. shifts demand from the peak period to the slow period.e. shifts demand to a more desirable period.Answer: cDifficulty: Hard46. Average inventorya. increases if a promotion is run during the peak period.b. increases if a promotion is run during the off-peak period.c. decreases if a promotion is run during the peak period.d. decreases if a promotion is run during the off-peak period.e. both a and dAnswer: bDifficulty: Moderate47. Promoting during a peak demand month may decrease overall profitability ifa. a small fraction of the demand increase results from a forward buy.b. any of the demand increase results from a forward buy.c. a significant fraction of the demand increase results from a forward buy.d. none of the abovee. all of the aboveAnswer: cDifficulty: Hard48. As the product margin declines, promoting during the peak demand p eriodbecomesa. less profitable.b. more profitable.c. less of a risk.d. more desirable.e. none of the aboveAnswer: aDifficulty: HardEssay/Problems1. Discuss how a firm can respond to predictable variability of demand in the supplychain.Answer: Faced with predictable variability, a company’s goal is to respond in amanner that maximizes profitability. A firm must choose how to handlepredictable variability by utilizing techniques in two broad categories:1. Manage supply using capacity, inventory, subcontracting, and backlogs2. Manage demand using short-term price discounts and trade promotionsThe use of these tools enables the supply chain to greatly increase its profitability because it is able to match supply and demand in a much more coordinatedfashion. One way to meet seasonal demand requires carrying enoughmanufacturing capacity to meet demand in any period. The advantage of thisapproach is very low inventory costs, because no inventory needs to be carriedfrom period to period. The disadvantage, however, is that much of the expensive capacity would go unused during most months when demand was lower.Another approach to meeting demand would be to build up inventory during theoff season to keep production stable year round. The advantage of this approach lies in the fact that a firm could get by with a smaller, less expensive factory. High inventory carrying costs, however, make this alternative expensive. A thirdapproach would be for a firm to work with their retail partners in the supply chain to offer a price promotion during periods of low demand. This promotion shiftssome of the demand into a slow period, thereby spreading demand more evenly throughout the year and reducing the seasonal surge. Such a demand pattern is less expensive to supply. A company needs to decide which alternativemaximizes their profitability.Often companies divide the task of supply and demand management betweendifferent functions. Marketing typically manages demand and Operations typically manages supply. At a higher level, supply chains suffer from this phenomenon as well, with retailers independently managing demand and manufacturersindependently managing supply. With supply and demand managementdecisions being made independently, it is increasingly difficult to coordinate thesupply chain, thereby decreasing profit. Therefore, maximizing profitabilitydepends on these decisions being made in a coordinated fashion and requiressupply chain partners to work together across enterprises.Difficulty: Hard2. Discuss the approaches that can be used to manage capacity to meetpredictable variability of demand.Answer: When managing capacity to meet predictable variability, firms use acombination of the following approaches:•Time flexibility from workforce: In this approach, a firm uses flexible work hours from the workforce to manage capacity to better meet demand. In manyinstances, plants do not operate continually and are left idle during portions of the day or week. Therefore, spare plant capacity exists in the form of hours when the plant is not operational. Many plants do not run three shifts, so the existingworkforce could work overtime during peak periods to produce more to meetdemand. If demand fluctuates by day of the week or week of the month and theworkforce is willing to be flexible, a firm may schedule the workforce so that theavailable capacity better matches demand. In such settings, use of a part-timeworkforce may further increase the capacity flexibility by enabling the firm to have more people at work during peak periods.•Use of seasonal workforce: In this approach, a firm uses a temporary workforce during the peak season to increase capacity to match demand. This approachmay be hard to sustain if the labor market is tight.•Use of subcontracting: In this approach, a firm subcontracts peak production so that internal production remains level and can be done cheaply. With thesubcontractor handling the peaks, the company is able to build a relativelyinflexible but low-cost facility where the production rates are kept relativelyconstant (other than variations that arise from the use of overtime). Peaks aresubcontracted out to facilities that are more flexible. A key here is the availability of relatively flexible subcontractor capacity. The subcontractor can often provide。
10507物流与供应链管理第九章库存管理
库存状态透明性（对供应商）是实施供应商管 理用户库存的关键。
实施步骤：
(1)建立顾客情报信息系统 (2)建立销售网络管理系统 (3)建立供应商与分销商（批发商）的合作框架协议 (4)组织机构的变革
五、联合管理库存策略
第九章 库存管理
第一节 库存管理的基本原理和方法
库存是指处于储存状态的物品或商品。
问题1：库存成本包括哪些要素
1、订购成本 2、库存持有成本 3、缺货成本
日本的理念
成本
总库存成本
库存持有成本
经济订货批量（2）
3
单位订货成本缺货成本
Copyright
n问题2：怎样进行库存分类
n ABC分类法 n 将库存物资按重要程度分类 特别重要的库存（A类库存） 一般重要的库存（B类库存） 不重要的库存（C类库存）
•
9、一个人即使已登上顶峰，也仍要自 强不息 。上午 4时50 分16秒 上午4时 50分04 :50:162 0.6.3
• 10、你要做多大的事情，就该承受多大的压力。6/3/20
20 4:50:16 AM04:50:162020/6/3
• 11、自己要先看得起自己，别人才会看得起你。6/3/20
3、实施VMI的好处
(1)成本缩减
VMI缓和了需求的不确定性 VMI解决了存货水平与顾客服务水平的冲突 VMI提高了补货频率，使供需双方都受益 VMI将使运输成本减少
(2)服务改善
VMI中，在多用户补货、递送间的协调大大改善了 服务水平。
VMI可以使产品更新更加方便.
4、VMI的实施方法
2、VMI的基本思想
(1)合作精神（合作性原则）
《供应链管理》第九章 供应链企业组织结构与业务流程重构
§2 BPR的基本内涵
BPR的企业组织结构示意图
§3供应链管理环境下的企业组织与业务 流程
一、供应链管理环境下的企业业务流程的主 要特征 1. 制造商与供应商之间业务流程的变化 2. 企业内部业务流程的变化 （如采购） 3. 支持业务流程的技术手段的变化
§3供应链管理环境下的企业组织与业务 流程
§2 BPR的基本内涵
三、基于BPR的企业组织结构 3.职能部门作用转变 • 在新的组织结构中，这种职能部门的重要 性已退位于流程之后，不再占有主导地位， 它更多地转变为激励、协调、培训等。 • 人力资源的开发与应用则更显得重要
§2 BPR的基本内涵
三、基于BPR的企业组织结构 4.现代信息技术的支持作用 • 以信息技术使企业再生 • 现代信息技术已成为新型企业的物理框架， 对整个企业组织的各方面起着支持作用。
§2 BPR的基本内涵
二、BPR基本思想和要求
• B P R的核心思想是要打破企业按职能设置部门的 管理方式，代之以业务流程为中心，重新设计企 业管理过程。 • BPR要求从跨部门的角度考察主要业务流程 • BPR要求以信息化促进业务流程和组织结构的再 造
§2 BPR的基本内涵
三、基于BPR的企业组织结构
一、BPR提出 • 1990年,美国麻省理工学院M .哈默(Micheal Hammer)教授在<<哈佛商业评论>>上首先 提出企业业务流程重构(Business Process Reengineering)的概念 • 1993年,哈默与J .钱贝（James Chamby） 出版《重组企业》（Reengineering the Corporation）一书
第九章 供应链企业组织结构与 业务流程重构
第九章物流、供应链管理与订单履行
品安装说明、必要的培训、退换货等全部相关的
客户服务。
过程
交付周期通知
下 下 单 单
拒绝
支付
批准
无库存
库存 结算
生产/采购 入库
有库存
运输
保险
退货/退款
二、电子商务与订单履行
（一）订单履行的工作内容
• （1）商品的生产与组织。包括库存控制、供应链管理及其电子化、 协同商务。 • （2）运输配送。将客户购买的产品快速地配送到客户手中。 • （3）客户服务。远程支持客户使其能够顺利地安装、使用产品，同
结构。
表9-1 线形供应链和网状供应链对比
对比点 业务核心 线性SC 垂直型 网状SC 矩阵型
竞争
竞争优势 市场范围 SCM的范围 SC核心 伙伴定义 执行过程 客户满足 客户服务 信息交换 库存 计划制定
企业对企业
有形资产 国内 企业内部 成本和资产利用 供应链 没有分工 按库存 低客户期望 沟通 高 依靠管理者和分析师
包括废旧物资边角余料等的回收利用各种废弃物的处理废料废气废供应者原材料储存生产过程在制品储存成品储存顾客供应物流生产物流销售物流回收废弃物物流物流信息流供应者原材料储存生产过程在制品储存成品储存顾客供应物流生产物流销售物流回收废弃物物流物流信息流图915物流按照作用的分类五电子商务下物流的实现模式一电子商务与普通商务活动共用一套物流系统二自己组建物流企业三外包给专业的物流公司四第三方物流企业建立电子商务系统案例91亚马逊网上书店的物流与配送总部位于美国西雅图的亚马逊网上书店于1995年7月开业到1999年底全球已有160个国家1300万网民在亚马逊书店购买了商品
平衡供应链可以实现各主要职能如采购上的低采购成本、生产上的规模 效益、分销上的低运输成本、市场上的产品多样化和财务上的资金运转
专科《物流与供应链管理》_试卷_答案
专科《物流与供应链管理》_试卷_答案专科《物流与供应链管理》一、（共75题,共150分）1. 供应链下采购的组织，与物料匹配的采购策略，集中与分散采购策略，准时化采购策略，订单的合并策略以及供应商的评选等内容属于（）。
（2分）A.供应链运作管理B.供应链采购管理C.供应链分销管理D.供应链库存控制.标准答案：B2. （）决策是以分析企业现有的供应链技能和专业知识为起点:企业真正擅长什么，哪些专业领域有可能创造战略差异优势？（2分）A.运营策略B.渠道策略C.外包策略D.物流战略.标准答案：C3. 创新战略的竞争优势来源是（）。
（2分）A.品牌与独特技术B.低成本运营C.超级服务D.最安全可靠的产品.标准答案：A4. （）是向生产商.分销商.零售商和顾客提供服务的组织（2分）A.服务商B.消费者C.分销商D.生产商.标准答案：A5. 钢铁联合企业需要提前数月安排生产计划，缺少变化，因此其在供应链的能力图谱中属于（）（2分）A.高盈利水平B.一定盈利水平C.一定反应能力D.高反应能力.标准答案：A6. （）是按顾客定单的特殊要求重新设计与制造能满足特殊需求的新零部件或整个产品，定制化发生在产品设计环节。
（2分）A.按订单销售B.按订单装配C.按订单制造D.按订单设计.标准答案：D7. （）采用可附加大量不同构件的标准结构，允许在可插入该结构的模块类型.数量和位置等方面有所变化。
（2分）A.总线模块化B.可组合模块化C.变更-装配式模块化D.混合模块化.标准答案：A 8. （）是近十余年形成的一种全新的管理理念，它有别于传统管理思想的关键之处，在于将已被公认了的重要资源—客户纳入企业资产，并以客户资产为核心，优化配置企业资源，创造企业价值最大化。
（2分）A.客户资产管理B.客户价值的度量C.产品的定价策略D.客户关系管理.标准答案：A9. 下列关于ABC分类法中A类商品管理策略阐述正确的是:（）（2分）A.按经营方针调节库存水平B.采用定量订货方式，当库存降到最低点时发出订货，订货为经济批量C.采用双堆法，用两个库位储存，一个库位货发完了，用另一个库位发，并补充第一个库位的存货D.投入较大力量精心管理，将库存压缩到最低水平.标准答案：D10. （）是指在研究的新产品数.储备的新产品数和已投产的新产品数之和与现有的产品总数的比值。
智慧树知到《供应链管理》章节测试答案
智慧树知到《供应链管理》章节测试答案第一章1、供应链是一个网链结构，由围绕（）的供应商、供应商的供应商和用户、用户的用户组成。
A:主要B:最终用户C:一级D:核心企业正确答案：核心企业2、（）的驱动力产生于最终客户，整个供应链的集成度较高，信息交换迅速，可有效降低库存，为客户提供更大的价值。
A:拉动式供应链B:推动式供应链C:有效性供应链D:响应性供应链正确答案：拉动式供应链3、以下关于供应链管理模式说法错误的是（）。
A:从“大而全、小而全”向“分散网络化制造”转变B:从“封闭式”向“开放式”的设计、开发与生产转变C:从“纵向一体化”向“横向一体化”转变D:从“横向一体化”向“纵向一体化”转变正确答案：从“横向一体化”向“纵向一体化”转变4、全球竞争环境的变化体现在以下几个方面（）。
A:全球化B:产品生命周期越来越短C:产品品种数飞速膨胀D:产品价格迅速下跌E:对产品和服务的期望越来越高正确答案：全球化,产品生命周期越来越短,产品品种数飞速膨胀,产品价格迅速下跌,对产品和服务的期望越来越高5、传统管理模式的弊端包括（）。
A:增加企业投资负担B:迫使企业从事不擅长的业务活动C:在每个业务领域都具有较强竞争力D:承担丧失市场时机的风险正确答案：增加企业投资负担,迫使企业从事不擅长的业务活动,承担丧失市场时机的风险6、供应链是一条连接供应商到客户的（）。
A:物料链B:价值链C:信息链D:资金链正确答案：物料链,价值链,信息链,资金链7、供应链管理的作用是（）。
A:提高顾客满意度B:保持市场份额不变C:降低成本D:有效运用固定资产和流动资产E:提高市场竞争力正确答案：提高顾客满意度,降低成本,有效运用固定资产和流动资产,提高市场竞争力8、供应链可以没有核心企业。
（）A:对B:错正确答案：错9、供应链管理的主要目标是以系统的观点，对多个职能和多层次供应商进行整合和管理外购、业务流程和物料控制。
（）A:对B:错正确答案：对10、推动式供应链的集成度较高，适用于供大于求、客户需求不断变化的市场环境。
《国际结算》(第三版)习题答案 第九章 供应链金融 习题答案
第九章供应链金融习题答案一、术语解释1、供应链金融商业银行利用自身在供应链资金流管理上的专业优势,通过对有实力核心企业的责任捆绑和对供应链资金流、物流的有效控制,针对该链条上核心企业、供应商、经销商及终端用户等不同客户的融资需求,提供以货物销售回款自偿为风险控制基础的组合融资服务,这类金融服务一般称为供应链金融(supply chain financing,SCF)。
2、保兑仓授信又称担保提货授信。
担保提货是先票(款)后货产品的变种,它是在客户(买方)交纳一定保证金的前提下,银行贷出全额货款供客户向核心企业(卖方)采购,卖方出具全额提单作为授信的抵(质)押物。
随后,客户分次向银行提交提货保证金,银行再分次通知卖方向客户发货。
卖方就发货不足部分的价值承担向银行的退款责任。
该产品也称“卖方担保买方信贷模式”。
3、动态抵(质)押授信动态抵(质)押授信是静态抵(质)押授信的延伸产品,它是指客户以自有或第三人合法拥有的动产为抵(质)押的授信业务,也称“核定库存模式”。
银行对于客户抵(质)押的商品价值设定最低限额,允许在限额以上的商品出库,客户可以货易货。
该产品适用于库存稳定、货物品类较为一致、抵(质)押物的价值核定较为容易的客户。
同时,对于一些客户的存货进出频繁、难以采用静态抵(质)押授信的情况,也可运用本产品。
该产品多用于生产型客户。
4、自偿性贸易融资就是根据企业真实贸易背景和上下游客户资信实力，以单笔或额度授信方式，提供银行短期金融产品和封闭贷款，以企业销售收入或贸易所产生的确定的未来现金流作为直接还款来源的融资业务。
5、供应链金融“1+N”模式基于核心企业连带关系的供应链金融，服务于供应链和交易链集群企业的系统性解决方案。
深圳发展银行的“1+N”模式就是该供应链金融的典型实践。
银行和核心企业(即“1+N”模式中的“1”)进行统筹安排,针对供应链不同部分的交易结构及衍生的融资需求关键节点,选择性地对核心企业上下游的供应商和分销商(即“N”)提供授信。
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【第九章国际物流】【选择题】1．CFR条款下，买方应：（）A．承担货物在装船时越过船舷后的风险B．负责租船订舱，支付到指定目的港的运费C．办理货运保险，支付保险费D．办理出口手续E．办理进口手续【答案】ABE2．交易磋商中不可缺少的环节是：（）A．询盘B．发盘C．还盘D．接受E．以上四个环节必不可少【答案】BD3．商品由A国运往B国途中，途经本国，对于本国来说为：（）A．进口贸易B．出口贸易C．过境贸易D．转口贸易E．复出口【答案】C3．我国对外贸易商品检验检疫的范围包括:( ）A．所有进出口的商品B．船舶C．集装箱D．海运出口危险品的包装E．《进出境动植物检疫法》规定的商品【答案】BCDE5．出境货物最迟于报关或装运前天报检.（）A．7B．15C．20D．30E．60【答案】A6．对一般的进出口货物报关时需交验以下哪些单证？（）A．进出口货物报关单B．发票C．商品检验证明D．减免税或免检证明E．提货单、装货单或运单【答案】ABCDE7．海上风险包括：( ）A．恶劣气候B．流冰C．船舶搁浅D．偷窃E．战争【答案】ABC8．根据我国现行的《海洋货物运输保险条款》的规定，基本险别包括：( ）A．平安险B．偷窃、提货不着险C．水渍险D．一切险E．串味险【答案】ACD9．平安险的承保责任范围包括：（）A．由于自然灾害和运输工具发生意外事故，造成被保险货物的全部或部分损失B．由于运输工具遭遇搁浅、触礁、沉没、互撞、与流冰或其他物体碰撞造成被保险货物的全部或部分损失C．在装卸转船过程中，被保险货物一件或数件落海所造成的全部损失或部分损失D．货物在运输过程中,因一般外来原因所造成的被保险货物的全部或部分损失E．货物在运输过程中,因特殊外来原因所造成的被保险货物的全部或部分损失【答案】BC10．出口货物的报关报检等工作可由（）办理。
A．出口商B．进口商C．国际货运代理D．理货机构E．船方【答案】AC11．以下单证具有物权凭证作用的有:（)A．提单B．提货单C．货协运单D．航空货运单E．多式联运单据【答案】A12．根据货物外表状况有无不良批注可将提单分为:（）A．记名提单B．指示提单C．不记名提单D．清洁提单E．不清洁提单【答案】DE13．国际海上货物运输有关国际公约有:（）A．《海牙规则》B．《海牙/维斯比规则》C．《汉堡规则》D．《华沙公约》E．《海牙议定书》【答案】ABC13．国际集装箱运输中,拼箱货的装拆箱业务是在进行的。
( ）答案（）A．发货人仓库B．收货人仓库C．发货人工厂或仓库D．集装箱货运站E．集装箱堆场【答案】D15．构成国际多式联运应具有下列哪些条件：（）A．至少采用两种不同的运输工具B．有一个多式联运合同C．有一份全程多式联运单据D．有一个多式联运经营人对全程运输负责E．必须是国际的货物运输【答案】BCDE16．以下属于多式联运的是：（）A．海海联运B．海陆联运C．陆空联运D．海铁联运E．国际铁路货物联运【答案】BCD【填空题】1．广义的国际物流是指（）.答：货物及物品在不同国家和地区间的流动和转移2．国际物流具有高风险性的特点，其风险主要包括（）。
答：政治风险、经济风险和自然风险3．（）是指世界各国（地区）之间的商品以及服务和技术交换活动，如果从一个国家（或地区）的角度来看这种活动,则称为该国的（）。
答：国际贸易，对外贸易4．商品由A国运往B国途中，途经本国，对于本国来说为( ）。
答：过境贸易5．（)指进口的外国商品未经加工又输出到国外，如进口货物的退货,转口贸易等。
答：复出口6．在常用国际贸易术语中，( )、（）和（)只适用于海运。
答:FOB，CIF，CFR7．（）又称贸易谈判，是指买卖双方就交易的各项条件进行谈判，以期达成交易的过程.一般包括四个环节,即（）、（）、（）、（），其中（）和（）是不可缺少的环节。
答：交易磋商，询盘,发盘,还盘，接受，发盘，接受8．报检是对外贸易关系人向检验检疫机构申请检验。
对于入境货物，应在( ）向入境口岸、指定或到达站的( ）办理报检手续。
答：入境前或入境时，检验检疫机构9．（)是国家设在进出境口岸的监督机关,在国家对外经济贸易活动和国际交往中，代表国家行使监督管理的权利。
答：海关10．《海关海》规定,进出口货物必须经（）进境或出境。
答：设有海关的地点11．（）是反映船舶载运货物在港口交接时的数量和状态的实际情况的原始记录，具有凭证和证据的性质。
答：理货单证12．货物溢短单是记载进口货物( ）。
答：件数溢出或短少的证明13．（)是出口货物实际装舱部位的示意图。
答：货物积载图14．保税是指( ）。
答：海关保留对货物征税的权利15．（)是指经海关批准未办理纳税手续进境，在境内储存、加工、装配后复运出境的货物。
答：保税货物16．（）是指经海关批准设立的专门存放（)以及其他未办结关手续货物的仓库。
答：保税仓库，保税货物17．（）又称保税仓库区，是海关设置或经海关批准注册的，受海关监督的特定地区和仓库。
答：保税区18．海运风险包括（）和（)两类。
答：海上风险，外来风险19．（)是指被保险货物在海洋运输中，因遭受海上风险而造成的损坏或灭失。
就货物损失的性质而言,可分为（）和（）.答：海上损失，共同海损，单独海损20．全部损失是指被保险货物遭受全部损失，按损失情况的不同，可分为（）和（）。
答：实际全损，推定全损21．根据我国现行的《海洋货物运输保险条款》的规定，在基本险别中包括（）、( ）和一切险。
答：平安险，水渍险22．（)是根据客户的指示，并为客户的利益而揽取货物运输的人，其本身并不是承运人。
答:国际货运代理23．根据船公司对船舶经营方式的不同，可将海洋运输分为( ）和（).答：班轮运输，租船运输24．根据货物是否已装船，可将提单分为（）和（）.答:已装船提单，收货待运提单25．集装箱运输方式根据货物装箱数量和方式不同可分为( ）和( ）两种。
答：整箱，拼箱【名词解释】国际物流答:广义的国际物流是指货物（包括原材料、半成品、制成品）及物品（如邮品、展品、捐赠物资等)在不同国家和地区间的流动和转移。
狭义的国际物流指当生产和消费分别在两个或两个以上的国家(或地区）独立进行时，为了克服生产和消费之间的空间隔离和时间距离，对物资(商品）进行物理性移动的一项国际商品贸易或交流活动,从而完成国际商品交易的最终目的,即实现卖方交付单证、货物和收取货款,而买方接受单证、支付货款和收取货物的贸易对流条件。
国际贸易答:国际贸易是指世界各国（地区）之间的商品以及服务和技术交换活动。
转口贸易答:转口贸易，指本国从A国进口商品后，再出口至B国的贸易，本国的贸易就称为转口贸易。
过境贸易答:过境贸易,指商品由A国运往B国途中，途经本国,对于本国来说即为过境贸易。
理货答:理货是指船方或货主根据运输合同在装运港和卸货港收受和交付货物时,委托港口的理货机构代理完成的在港口对货物进行计数、检查货物残损、指导装舱积载、制作有关单证等工作。
保税货物答:保税货物是指经海关批准未办理纳税手续进境，在境内储存、加工、装配后复运出境的货物。
保税仓库答：保税仓库是指经海关批准设立的专门存放保税货物及其他未办结海关手续货物的仓库。
国际货运代理答：国际货运代理协会联合会的定义：国际货运代理是根据客户的指示，并为客户的利益而揽取货物运输的人,其本身并不是承运人。
《中华人民共和国国际货物运输代理业管理规定》的定义：接受进出口货物收货人、发货人的委托，以委托人的名义或者以自己的名义，为委托人办理国际货物运输及相关业务并收取服务费的行业.【简答题】什么是国际物流，有什么特点？答:广义的国际物流是指货物（包括原材料、半成品、制成品)及物品（如邮品、展品、捐赠物资等）在不同国家和地区间的流动和转移。
狭义的国际物流指当生产和消费分别在两个或两个以上的国家(或地区）独立进行时，为了克服生产和消费之间的空间隔离和时间距离，对物资（商品）进行物理性移动的一项国际商品贸易或交流活动，从而完成国际商品交易的最终目的，即实现卖方交付单证、货物和收取货款，而买方接受单证、支付货款和收取货物的贸易对流条件。
国际物流的特点：国际性、复杂性、高风险性、运输方式的多样性。
简述国际物流与国际贸易的关系。
答：国际物流是随着国际贸易的发展而产生和发展起来的，并已成为影响和制约国际贸易进一步发展的重要因素。
国际贸易与国际物流之间存在着非常紧密的关系.（1．国际物流是开展国际贸易的必要条件,国际物流是完成国际贸易必不可少的环节。
（2．国际贸易促进了物流国际化.跨国经营与国际贸易的发展,促进了事物和信息在世界范围内的大量流动和广泛交换，物流国际化成为国际贸易和世界经济发展的必然趋势。
（3．国际贸易不断对国际物流提出新的要求，如:质量要求、效率要求、安全要求、经济要求等.简述出口合同履行的程序(以CIF为例）.答：出口合同的履行包括:（1．备货;（2．报验；（3．催证；（3．审证；（5．租船、订舱，投保;（6．制单结汇。
简述进口合同履行的程序（以FOB为例）。
答：（1．开立信用证；（2．派船接运货物与投保；（3．审单和付汇；（3．报关;（5．验收货物;（6．办理拨交手续；（7．进口索赔。
简述理货单证的作用.答：(1．承运人与托运人或提单持有人之间办理货物数字和外表状态交接的证明;（2．承运人、托运人、提单持有人以及港方、保险人之间处理货物索赔案件的凭证；(3．船舶发生海事时，处理海事案件的主要资料，这里主要是指货物积载图的作用；（3．港口安排作业，收货人安排提货的主要依据.这里主要是指货物实际积载图和分舱单的作用;（5．船舶在航行途中，保管照料货物的主要依据；（6．买卖双方履行合同情况的主要凭证；(7．理货机构处理日常业务往来的主要依据。
国际货运代理有何作用？答:国际货运代理的作用主要有：（1．能够安全、迅速、准确、节省、方便地组织进出口货物运输.（2．能够就运费、包装、单证、结关、检查检验、金融、领事要求等提供咨询,并对国外市场的价格、销售情况提供信息和建议。
（3．能够提供优质服务。
为委托人办理国际货物运输中某一个环节的业务或全程各个环节的业务，手续方便简单。
（3．能够把小批量的货物集中成为组货物进行运输，既方便了货主,也方便了承运人。
(5．能够掌握货物全程的运输信息，使用现代化的通信设备随时向委托人报告货物在途的运输情况。
（6．货运代理不仅能组织协调运输,而且影响到新运输方式的创造、新运输路线的开发以及新费率的制定。
特别是在简述海运提单的作用。
答：提单，是指用以证明海上货物运输合同和货物已经由承运人接收或者装船，以及承运人保证据以交付货物的单证.其作用有：（1．提单是运输合同的证明；（2．提单是承运人拉收货物或货物装船的收据；（3．提单是物权凭证。