2012考研英语翻译(基础必备)
川大2012年硕士研究生入学考试试题(英语翻译基础)
川大2012年硕士研究生入学考试试题（英语翻译基础）考试科目：351英语翻译基础适用专业：英语口译、英语笔译I. Directions: Translate the following words, abbreviations or terminology into their target languages respectively. There are altogether 30 items in this part of the test, 15 in English and 15 in Chinese, with one pint for each. (30)CPISMEWWFISOCIFFoxconnMOFCOMTPPIPCCChemical Oxygen Demandthe 100,000 Strong Initiative by President Obama carbon foot printdebt ceilingsolar photovoltaicsStandard Poors非关税壁垒平板电视廉租房经济二次触底海选剩男剩女地沟油潜规则中国载人航天计划紧缩性货币政策云计算民心工程智能城市《海峡两岸经济合作框架协议》《中庸》II. Directions: Translate the following source texts into their target languages respectively. If the source text is in English, its target language is Chinese. If the source text is in Chinese, its target language is English. (120)Source Text 1:High-speed ground transportation (HSGT) technologies with vehicle speeds exceeding 150 mph can be divided into two basic categories: High-speed rail (HSR) systems, with top speeds between 150 and 200 mph, use steel wheels on steel rails, as with traditional railroads, but canachieve higher speeds because of the design of both the rail bed and cars.High-speed magnetic levitation (MAGLEV) systems, with top speeds between 250 and 300 mph, use forces of attraction or repulsion from powerful magnets placed in either the vehicle or the guideway beneath it both to lift the vehicle above the guideway and to propel it forward. A MAGLEV vehicle can be likened to a flying train or a guided aircraft.If linked effectively with highways and air service, HSGT technologies particularly MAGLEV could have a significant impact on congestion in the future.When comparing HSR with MAGLEV technologies, MAGLEV appears to be the technology of choice. Though the new generation of HSR technology can reach commercial speeds of up to 186 mph, additional increases in speed pose great engineering problems, suggesting that rail transportation is a mature technology. MAGLEV technology, on the other hand, is in its infancy and will improve substantially with additional engineering.Source Text 2:The fortunate people in the worldthe only really fortunate people in the world, in my mind, are those whose work is also their pleasure. Theclass is not a large one, not nearly so large as it is often represented to be; and authors are perhaps one of the most important elements in its composition. They enjoy in this respect at least a real harmony of life. To my mind, to be able to make your work your pleasure is the one class distinction in the world worth striving for; and I do not wonder that others are inclined to envy those happy human beings who find their livelihood in the gay effusions of their fancy, to whom every hour of labor is an hour of enjoyment, to whom repose however necessaryis a tiresome interlude, and even a holiday is almost deprivation. Whether a man writes well or ill, has much to say or little, if he cares about writing at all, he will appreciate the pleasures of composition. To sit at ones table on a sunny morning, with four clear hours of uninterruptible security, plenty of nice white paper, and a Squeezer penthat is true happiness. The complete absorption of the mind upon an agreeable occupationwhat more is there than that to desire? What does it matter what happens outside? The House of Commons may do what it likes, and so may the House of Lords. The heathen may rage furiously in every part of the globe. The bottom may be knocked clean out of the American market. Consols may fall and suffragettes may rise. Never mind, for four hours, at any rate, we will withdraw ourselves from a common, ill-governed, and disorderly world, and with the key of fancy unlock that cupboard where all the good things of the infinite are put away.Source Text 3:锦江在秦汉时代称为成都二江，包括郫江和检江。
2012年考研英语(一)翻译参考译文
2012年研究生入学考试英语（一）翻译部分参考译文2012年研究生入学考试英语一的翻译文章出自美国杂志《Nature》，题目是Universal truths。
这篇文章的理论性比较强，对于大家来说应该会感觉很有难度，大家首先要理解文章大意，依据专业性来定词义。
文章原文如下，选入2012考研英语一翻译真题时有部分删改：Since at least the days of Aristotle, a search for universal principles has characterized the scientific enterprise. In some ways, this quest for commonalities defines science: without it, there is no underlying order and pattern, merely as many explanations as there are things in the world. Newton's laws of motion, the oxygen theory of combustion and Darwinian evolution each bind a host of different phenomena into a single explicatory framework.46. In physics, one approach takes this impulse for unification to its extreme, and seeks a theory of everything —a single generative equation for all we see. It is becoming less clear, however, that such a theory would be a simplification, given the proliferation of dimensions and universes that it might entail. Nonetheless, unification of sorts remains a major goal.46. 在物理学上，一种方法就是把这种寻求统一性的冲动发挥到了极端，并努力寻找一种万能的理论，即一条唯一的为我们都看到的一切所生成的公式。
2012年考研英语(一)翻译参考译文
2012年研究生入学考试英语（一）翻译部分参考译文2012年研究生入学考试英语一的翻译文章出自美国杂志《Nature》，题目是Universal truths。
这篇文章的理论性比较强，对于大家来说应该会感觉很有难度，大家首先要理解文章大意，依据专业性来定词义。
文章原文如下，选入2012考研英语一翻译真题时有部分删改：Since at least the days of Aristotle, a search for universal principles has characterized the scientific enterprise. In some ways, this quest for commonalities defines science: without it, there is no underlying order and pattern, merely as many explanations as there are things in the world. Newton's laws of motion, the oxygen theory of combustion and Darwinian evolution each bind a host of different phenomena into a single explicatory framework.46. In physics, one approach takes this impulse for unification to its extreme, and seeks a theory of everything —a single generative equation for all we see. It is becoming less clear, however, that such a theory would be a simplification, given the proliferation of dimensions and universes that it might entail. Nonetheless, unification of sorts remains a major goal.46. 在物理学上，一种方法就是把这种寻求统一性的冲动发挥到了极端，并努力寻找一种万能的理论，即一条唯一的为我们都看到的一切所生成的公式。
2012年英语二翻译加重点词
2012When people in developing countries worry about migration,they are usually concerned at the prospect of their best and brightest departure to Silicon Vall ey or to hospitals and universities in the developed world .当发展中国家人们为移民问题焦虑的时候，他们通常是在担忧他们的民族里那些最优秀最聪明的人的前景，这些人去了硅谷或者发达国家的医院和高校重点词汇：migration [maɪ'greɪʃ(ə)n] n.移民迁移| concern at 对...关注| prospect 前景| brightest 最优秀的最聪明的| depart v.离开动身出发departure 离开动身出发These are the kind of workers that countries like Britain ,Canada and Australia try to attract b y using immigration rules that privilege college graduates 。
这些就是那种像英国、加拿大、澳大利亚等国家通过使用赋予大学生特权的移民法规所试图吸引的人重点词汇：privilege n.特权v.赋予…特权Lots of studies have found that well-educated people from developing countries are particular ly likely to emigrate .许多研究也发现，发展中国家的受过良好教育的人尤其可能会移民重点词汇：emigrate[‘emɪgreɪt] 移居外国移民（到国外）immigrate['ɪmɪgreɪt]移民（到国内）使移居入境A big survey of Indian households in 2004 found that nearly 40%of emigrants had more than a high-school education, compared with around 3.3% of all Indians over the age of 25.在2004年的印度家庭的一个大规模调查中发现，接近40%的移民受过高中以上的教育，与之形成鲜明对比的是，所有超过25岁的印度人中只有大概3.3%的人受过高中以上的教育重点词汇：household n.家庭adj.家庭的|This "brain drain "has long bothered policymakers in poor countries ,They fear that it hurts th eir economies ,depriving them of much-needed skilled workers who could have taught at thei r universities ,worked in their hospitals and come up with clever new products for their factor ies to make 。
2012年上海大学357英语翻译基础考研真题及详解【圣才出品】
2012年上海大学357英语翻译基础考研真题及详解Part I (30 points)1. Translate the following English or Chinese terminologies into Chinese or English ones respectively. (20 points)①G20【答案】20国集团②经适房【答案】Residence houses for low-and-medium wage earners/Affordable Housing③和而不同【答案】Harmonious but Different④工业“三废”【答案】three wastes(waste gas, waste water and waste residues)⑤保障性住房【答案】indemnificatory housing2. What factors do you think need to be taken into consideration when you are commissioned to translate a source text? (10 points)【答案】We should follow two principles—faithfulness and expressiveness. Faithfulness means the full and complete conveying or transmission of the original content or thought. Expressiveness demands that the version must be clear and flowing without any grammatical mistakes or confused logic and sense.Part II Put the following passage into Chinese (60 points)TRUE!—nervous—very, very dreadfully nervous I had been and am; but why will you say that I am mad? The disease had sharpened my senses—not destroyed—not dulled them. Above all was the sense of hearing acute. I heard all things in the heaven and in the earth. I heard many things in hell. How, then, am I mad? Hearken! And observe how healthily—how calmly I can tell you the whole story.It is impossible to say how first the idea entered my brain; but once conceived, it haunted me day and night. Object there was none. Passion there was none. I loved the old man. He had never wronged me. He had never given me insult. For his gold I had no desire. I think it was his eye! Yes, it was this! One of his eyes resembled that of a vulture—a pale blue eye, with a film over it. Whenever it fell upon me, my blood ran cold; and so by degrees—very gradually—I made up my mind to take the life of the old man, and thus rid myself of the eye forever.Now this is the point. You fancy me mad. Madmen know nothing. But you should have seen me. You should have seen how wisely I proceeded—with what caution—with what foresight—with what dissimulation I went to work! I was neverkinder to the old man than during the whole week before I killed him. And every night about midnight I turned the latch of his door and opened it—oh, so gently! And then, when I had made an opening sufficient for my head, I put in a dark lantern all closed, closed so that no light shone out, and then I thrust in my head. Oh, you would have laughed to see how cunningly I thrust it in! I moved it slowly—very, very slowly, so that I might not disturb the old man’s sleep. It took me an hour to place my whole head within the opening so far that I could see him as he lay upon his bed. Ha! —would a madman have been so wise as this? And then when my head was well in the room I undid the lantern cautiously —oh, so cautiously —cautiously (for the hinges creaked)—I undid it just so much that a single thin ray fell upon the vulture eye. And this I did for seven long nights—every night just at midnight—but I found the eye always closed, and so it was impossible to do the work, for it was not the old man who vexed me but his Evil Eye. And every morning, when the day broke, I went boldly into the chamber and spoke courageously to him, calling him by name in a hearty tone, and inquiring how he had passed the night. So you see he would have been a very profound old man, indeed, to suspect that every night, just at twelve, I looked in upon him while he slept.Upon the eighth night I was more than usually cautious in opening the door. A watch’s minute hand moves more quickly than did mine. Never before that night had I felt the extent of my own powers—of my sagacity. I could scarcely contain my feelings of triumph. To think that there I was opening the door little by little, and henot even to dream of my secret deeds or thoughts. I fairly chuckled at the idea, and perhaps he heard me, for he moved on the bed suddenly as if startled. Now you may think that I drew back —but no. His room was as black as pitch with the thick darkness (for the shutters were close fastened through fear of robbers), and so I knew that he could not see the opening of the door, and I kept pushing it on steadily, steadily.I had my head in, and was about to open the lantern, when my thumb slipped upon the tin fastening, and the old man sprang up in the bed, crying out—“Who’s there?”.【朱振武译】《泄密的心》真的——紧张——非常紧张，极度紧张，以前，现在，都是这样。
2012考研英语(一)翻译真题及答案
Part CDirections:Read the following text carefully and then translate the underlined segments into Chinese. Your translation should be written clearly on ANSWER SHEET 2. (10 points)Since the days of Aristotle, a search for universal principles has characterized the scientific enterprise. In some ways, this quest for commonalities defines science. Newton’s laws of motion and Darwinian evolution each bind a host of different phenomena into a single explicatory frame work.(46)In physics, one approach takes this impulse for unification to its extreme, and seeks a theory of everything—a single generative equation for all we see.It is becoming less clear, however, that such a theory would be a simplification, given the dimensions and universes that it might entail, nonetheless, unification of sorts remains a major goal.This tendency in the natural sciences has long been evident in the social sciences too. (47)Here, Darwinism seems to offer justification for it all humans share common origins it seems reasonable to suppose that cultural diversity could also be traced to more constrained beginnings. Just as the bewildering variety of human courtship rituals might all be considered forms of sexual selection, perhaps the world’s languages, music, social and religious customs and even history are governed by universal features. (48)To filter out what is unique from what is shared might enable us to understand how complex cultural behavior arose and what guides it in evolutionary or cognitive terms.That, at least, is the hope. But a comparative study of linguistic traits published online today supplies a reality check. Russell Gray at the University of Auckland and his colleagues consider the evolution of grammars in the light of two previous attempts to find universality in language.The most famous of these efforts was initiated by Noam Chomsky, who suggested that humans are born with an innate language—acquisition capacity that dictates a universal grammar. A few generative rules are then sufficient to unfold the entire fundamental structure of a language, which is why children can learn it so quickly.(49)The second, by Joshua Greenberg, takes a more empirical approach to universality identifying traits (particularly in word order) shared by many language which are considered to represent biases that result from cognitive constraintsGray and his colleagues have put them to the test by examining four family trees that between them represent more than 2,000 languages.(50)Chomsky’s grammar should show patterns of language change that are independent of the family tree or the pathway tracked through it. Whereas Greenbergian universality predicts strong co-dependencies between particular types of word-order relations. Neither of these patterns is borne out by the analysis, suggesting that the structures of the languages are lire age-specific and not governed by universals.翻译46. 在物理学领域，有一种方法将这种“万物归一的冲动”推向了极致，它试图探寻到能解释一切的，最底层的公式。
英语翻译基础2012年南京航空航天大学硕士研究生考试真题
into English. One point for each and the total for this part is 15 points. (1' X 15 =15')
1. 自动飞行系统
2. 微机
3. 欧共体4. 三农来自5. 私企6. 能耗
7. 第三产业
8. 中国石化
9. 全球定位系统
10. 工商管理硕士
Passage 2
Air France and British Airways have announced that later this year they will retire all of their Concordes from commercial service. For many Americans the Concorde has always been a bit of a joke, a prime example of what happens when bureaucrats pursue prestige through engineering. By the early 1960s US private firms were clearly ahead of European jet makers. The governments of France and the UK launched a joint project to outdo the Americans at their own game, by designing a supersonic jet that would restore European technological preeminence. After years of experimentation at vast public expense, the Anglo-French designers had made an engineering wonder with little hope of ever turning a profit.
2012年考研英语阅读理解部分翻译
但为君故系列
各自的推理以及各自的推理概念。 31. 根据第一段，发现过程的特点是它的： A 不确定性和复杂性 B 错误的概念和欺骗 C 逻辑性和客观性 D 系统性和常规性 32.从第二段可以推知认证的过程需要： A 严格的审查 B 共同的努力 C 个人的智慧 D 不断的创新 33.第三段表明，科学的发现在它( A 吸引到大众的注意之后 B 被科学的机构检查之后 C 获得了编辑和审稿者的认同之后 D 被科学家同行经常引用之后 34. Albert Szent-Gy?rgyi 可能会最赞同下面的那个观点： A 科学的发现将经受住质疑 B 今天的发现将引起未来的研究 C 做出发现的努力被证明是合理的 D 科学的工作需要批判的头脑 35.下面那个是最好的标题： A 新颖是科学进步的引擎 B 科学发现中的集体审查 C 科学中认证(信任)的发展 D 在通往科学的大门口对于信任的质疑 )之后变得可信：
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说好的是不能改变的! 除非 Entergy 进行的交易。这个公司是新英格兰地区 主要的能源提供商，该公司引起了佛蒙特州人们的义愤，因为上周它宣称它不想 遵守严格的核能规定。 相反，该公司一直履行了它早先的承诺过不做的事情：即它不会因为想保持 其 Vermont Yankee 核电站持续经营，而要在联邦法院挑战该州相关规定的合法 性（宪法） 。现在这个做法让人震惊。 这个冲突始于 2002，当时该公司购买了佛蒙特州唯一一家核电站，其实是 一个位于 Vernon 的破旧反应堆。该交易为了获得州政府的批准，该公司同意一 个前提条件：即同意在 2012 年后征求州政府官员的同意继续经营。2006 年，州 政府又提出，该核电站能否延期经营要听从佛蒙特州立法机关的批准。当时，该 公司也无异议。 Entergy 从来没有打算要遵守这些承诺，也根本没有想过将来会发生什么。 一系列的事件，包括 2007 年冷却塔的部分崩溃，以及地下管道系统泄露的发现， 这些事使得人们严重怀疑 Vermont Yankee 电站的安全问题和 Entergy 的管理---2016 硕 士 研 究 生 入 学 考 试 但为君故
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翻译技巧：词法翻译法词义选择和词义引申是考研翻译中最常用的翻译技巧。
在考研翻译中，这中现象更是比比皆是：在1994年72）题a leader of the new school contends中，school是“学派”的意思，而不是“学校”的意思；在1996年74）题elegant system中，elegant是“完美，完善”的意思，而不是“优雅”的意思；在2001年75）题And home appliances will become so smart that...中，smart是“智能化”的意思，而不是“聪明”的意思；在2003年75）题like the concept of set in mathematics中，set是“集，集合”而不是“一套，放置”等意思.......。
一、词义的选择如：I’ll see her home tonight今晚我送她回家。
India is the home of elephants.印度是大象的生长地。
He’s at home with the classics.他精通古典文学New homes are for sale.新房出售。
She’s at home where she is.她在哪儿都自由自在。
Maternity home costs in America have gone up sharply.美国妇产医院收费已经急剧上涨。
Much is produced here for home market.这里为国内市场生产了许多产品。
He looks on London as his home.他把伦敦看成是他的故乡。
由此可见，一词多义的现象在英语中十分普遍。
在翻译时，词义的选择应从以下几个方面着手。
（一）根据词性确定词义如：forecast有“预报，预测”的意思，用作动词和用作名词时意思相同；increase作动词时，表示“增加，增长，增进”的意思，用作名词时主要还是表达这些意思。
如：book这个单词，在作名词时，意思是“书，书籍”；用作动词却常表示“预订，预约”的意思。
又如：while作连词时，有“当...的时候，而，虽然”等意思；作名词时，却指“片刻，一会儿”；作动词，又有“消磨”的意思。
遇到这种情况，如果不弄清楚词性，常常就会将词义搞错，进而影响原文的正确理解和准确翻译。
因此在翻译中，我们可以根据语法关系来辨别关键词的词性，以便能准确的判断词义。
如：light：This light is too poor to read by.这光线太暗不能看书。
（名词）Aluminum is a light metal.铝是一种轻金属。
（形容词）Will you light the fire for me?你替我点上火好吗？（动词）round：The Earth is not completely round.地球并不是完全圆的。
（形容词）Let's go into the hall and have a look round.让我们进大厅转一转。
（副词）They are dancing in a round他们围成一圈跳舞（名词）He worked round the day.他工作了一整天。
（介词）The boy's eyes rounded with excitement.男孩兴奋得眼睛睁得圆圆的。
（动词）（二）根据上下文确定词义我们以动词move为例，如果上下文不一样，move的意思显然也是不一样，必须依据上下文才能做到准确通顺的翻译。
That car was really moving.那汽车跑得可真快。
Share prices moved ahead today.股票价格今日上扬。
The story of their sufferings moved us deeply.他们的苦难经历深深打动了我们。
Work on the new building is moving quickly.新大楼的工程进展得很快。
The government's opinions on this matter haven't moved.政府对这件事的看法没有改变。
I move that we support the introduction of this new technological process.我提议我们支持采用这一新工艺方法。
She moves in the highest circles of society.她生活在高级社交圈里。
Unless the employers move quickly, there will be strike.雇主若不尽快采取措施，就要引起一场罢工。
（三）根据汉语习惯搭配确定词义如：a deep well是指深井；a deep voice低沉的嗓音；a deep red 鲜红色；deep in study 专心学习；a deep mystery 难以理解的奥妙；a deep thinker知识渊博的思想家；deep outrage强烈的愤怒。
又如动词work在翻译时如果上下文不同，汉语习惯搭配也不一样，翻译时应该选择不同的词义来表达。
I think your suggestion will work.我想你的建议行得通。
The new treatment works like magic.新疗法疗效神奇。
My watch doesn’t work.我的表不走了。
The sea works high.海浪汹涌起伏。
She worked her way to the front.她好不容易才挤到前面。
The root of the pine tree worked down between the stones.松树的树根在石缝间扎下去。
The new regulation is working well新规定执行得很顺利。
二、词义的引申（一）通过抽象化加以引申例如：They have their smiles and tears.他们有自己的欢乐与悲哀。
（原文中的smiles and tears本来是“微笑和眼泪”，但是可以引申为抽象的“欢乐与悲哀”。
）We insist that international trade should not be a one-way street.我们坚持主张国际贸易不应是有来无往。
（在原文中，one-way street本意为“单行道”，将“单行道”与国际贸易联系在一起，便不难引申为“有来无往”这一含义。
）I have no head for mathematics.我没有数学方面的天赋。
（原文中的head本来是“头脑”的意思，但是可以引申为“对数学没有天赋”。
）（二）通过具体化加以引申例如；The car in front of me stopped, and I missed the green.我前面的车停住了，我错过了绿灯。
（在原文中，green本来是“绿色”的意思，但是根据上下文，可以引申为具体的事物：“绿灯”。
）Perhaps the only trouble with copper is that it is not hard enough for some uses.就某些用途来说，铜的唯一缺点也许是硬度不够。
（原文的trouble本来是“麻烦”的意思，但是与“铜”联系在一起，就可以引申为“缺点”来翻译了。
）词性转换一、转译成动词例如：I admire your decision to fight for the difficulties in preparing the examination.译文：你决定战胜复习考试中的困难，这一点我很羡慕。
（一）名词转译成动词1．由动词派生的名词转译成动词。
Rockets have found application for the exploration of the universe.火箭已经用来探索宇宙。
In China, there is a lot of emphasis on politeness.在中国，人们非常注重讲礼貌。
2．含有动作意味的名词往往可以转译成动词。
A careful study of the original text will give you a better translation.仔细研究原文，你会翻译得更好。
The sight and sound of our jet planes filled me with special longing.看到我们的喷气式飞机，听见隆隆的机声，令我特别神往。
3．英语中有些加后缀-er的名词，He is a good singer.他唱歌唱得好。
Those small factories are also lavish consumer and waster of raw materials.那些小工厂还在极大的消耗和浪费原材料。
4．有些短语中作为中心主体词的名词往往可转译成动词，如To have a rest 和To have a good look at 里的rest 和look.You must be tired. Why don’t you take a rest?你一定很累了，为什么不休息一会呢？The car braked sharply, coming to rest on the edge of the cliff.汽车猛的刹住，停在悬崖边上。
（二）形容词转译成动词I am anxious about his health.我担心他的身体健康。
Scientists are confident that all matter is indestructible.科学家们都深信，所有的物质都是不灭的。
常见的有：与思维和知觉相关的形容词：aware, conscious, certain, sure, mindful, ignorant, alert等；与情感相关的形容词：glad, pleased, cautious, careful, angry, happy, exhilarated, excited, confident, thankful, grateful, concerned, eager, afraid, doubtful, sorry等；与欲望相关的形容词：desirous, hopeful, anxious, keen, enthusiastic, zealous等。
（三）副词转译成动词She opened the window to let fresh air in.她把窗子打开，让新鲜空气进来。