托福口语题目文本 TPO 23-33
TPO23-33口语task3-6文本目录TPO23 Speaking (3)Task 3-Campus Paper (3)Task 4-Reference Groups (4)Task 5-New Bus Schedule (5)Task 6-Carnivorous Plants (6)TPO24 Speaking (7)Task 3-Campus Coffee House (7)Task 4-Flagship Species (8)Task 5-New Apartment (9)Task 6-Perspectives of Literature (10)TPO25 Speaking (11)Task 3- Split Graduation (11)Task 4-Cultural Lag (12)Task 5-Living Off-campus (13)Task 6-Weathering (14)TPO26 Speaking (15)Task3-Advisor Meetings (15)Task4-Epiphytes (16)Task5-Band (17)Task6-Product Containers (18)TPO27 Speaking (19)Task 3-Switch to Electronic Books (19)Task 4–Swarm Intelligence (21)Task 5-A Scheduling Conflict (22)Task 6-Advanced Technology of Roman Cities (23)TPO28 Speaking (24)Task 3-Keep the Music Building Open Later (24)Task 4-Refute-and-Persuade (25)Task 5-Writing for the Campus Newspaper (26)Task 6-The Disappearance of Lakes (27)TPO29 Speaking (28)Task 3-Remove old Bicycles from Campus Racks (28)Task 4-Scatter Hoarding (29)Task 5-Presentation (30)Task 6-Developing Diverse Products (32)TPO30 Speaking (33)Task 3-Campus Construction (33)Task 4-Emotional Intelligence (34)Task 5-Waiting for a Friend (35)Task 6-Subsurface Locomotion (36)TPO31 Speaking (37)Task 3-Students Need Access to Movie Collection (37)Task 4-Mental Accounting (38)Task 5-Picking up Grandma & Review Session (39)Task 6-Arctic Animals (40)TPO32 Speaking (41)Task 3-An Airport Bus for School Breaks (41)Task 4-Choice-Supportive Bias (42)Task 5-Summer Break (43)Task 6-Roads (44)TPO33 Speaking (45)Task 3-Bicycle Borrowing Program (45)Task 4-Carrying Capacity (46)Task 5-Dinner Shift (47)Task 6-Franchising (48)TPO23 SpeakingTask 3-Campus PaperNarratorNow listen to two students discussing the article.Male StudentHey, what do you think of this?Female StudentYou mean the editor’s decision?Male StudentRight.Female StudentOh, I think they are right. It’s the thing to do.Male StudentReally? Why?Female StudentWell, hardly anyone reads that section.Male StudentYou don’t think so?Female StudentNot really. I mean they only cover a couple of stories and most people already know about them before they even get around to reading the campus paper.Male StudentTrue, if you get the local paper, or use the internet, you already know about the major stories. Female StudentExactly. And the coverage is better. I think we should just stick with campus news and stuff. Male StudentSo do you think what they are gonna replace it with is better?Female StudentDefinitely. Right now how do you learn about what’s happening on campus?Male StudentMostly from posters in the different buildings or in the student center.Female StudentRight. The information is everywhere. But it’s hard to keep track of it. I see stuff posted but then I forget about it half the time.Male StudentSo you are saying that with this new section…Female StudentYou could just cut it out from the newspaper and carry it around and check it anytime and know what’s taking place, when and where.Task 4-Reference GroupsNarratorNow listen to part of a lecture in a sociology class on this topic.ProfessorI have an example from my own life that illustrates this. When I first began my university studies, I became friends with a bunch of art students, they were older and fun, and very creative, and I thought they were really cool. And they all like to dress really casually, in T-shirts and jeans and sneakers. That’s what they wore all the time, to class, to the library, to dinner, everywhere, T-shirts and jeans and sneakers. So that’s what I started wearing too. And I fit right in. And I felt really cool.But then I graduated, moved to Chicago and got a job. And I started working with some really bright young people who had already been working at the company for a few years, who were already handling major responsibilities for the company, really impressive. And sometimes some of us would get together on the weekends, maybe for a concert or a baseball game, or something. And at first I just wear a T-shirt and jeans and sneakers, that was, you know, how I was used to dress in.But I soon noticed that my co-workers prefer to dress up a little bit. The men would wear a nice pair of pants, uh, button up shirt. The women might wear a fashionable dress and some nice shoes. They dress in clothes a lot nicer than what I was used to wearing. And I started thinking, you know, that looks really classy, really sharp. And so I started to dress the same way they did, you know, nicer, uh, a little more formal. And I don’t know, somehow my T-shirt and jeans and sneakers didn’t seem as cool to me anymore.Task 5-New Bus ScheduleNarratorListen to a conversation between two students.Female StudentHow is it going, Mike?Male StudentOK. I am just trying to figure out what to do about this new bus schedule.Female StudentNew bus schedule?Male StudentYeah, I take a bus from campus to my job downtown. I work there Tuesday afternoons but the bus schedule changed. The bus I was taking is leaving earlier now and I can’t get to it in time because I’ve got chemistry class then.Female StudentHuh, yeah, they do change those bus sch edules sometimes. It’s inconvenient. So what are you gonna do?Male StudentWell, I talked to my boss and she said I could change my work hours and work at night instead. I’d start in the late afternoon and then work till around midnight and there is a bus that’d get me there on time.Female StudentThat sounds good. So you can just take a later bus to your job.Male StudentYeah. The only thing is if I work late at night, I will be really tired and I have class early the next morning.Female StudentYeah, but do you have any other choice?Male StudentWell, yeah. Another option is just to ride my bike to work after chemistry. I’d be able to get to work on time so I could keep my same hours. It’s not that far. It’d take about fifteen minutes.Female StudentHmm, that might be nice ‘cause you get some exercise, but it would be uncomfortable riding your bike on days when there is bad weather.Male StudentYeah, I’ll have to think about it.Task 6-Carnivorous PlantsNarratorNow listen to part of a lecture in a biology class.ProfessorNow, plants, like animals, and like us for that matter, need nutrients, substances that provide nourishment, to survive, thrive and grow. We get our nutrients from the food we eat. Plants though, most plants anyway, absorb their nutrients from the soil, right? Through their root systems?OK. But there are plants that don’t get their nutrients from the soil. The places they grow, the soil is bad. So they get their nutrients from insects instead, from trapping and digesting insects. They are called carnivorous plants. Carnivorous plants capture insects in different ways. They have different trapping mechanisms: active traps and passive traps.A plant with an active trap, uh... a good example is the Venus flytrap.The Venus flytrap actually moves to catch its prey, or parts of it do anyway. Its leaves, it has special leaves that are hinged in the middle. The two halves of the leave open and close, sort of like a mouth, to catch insects. And on these leaves is a sweet nectar that attracts insects. Insects like the sweet stuff. And when they get lured in and land on the leave, wham! The leave springs shut. It’s an active trap. And the insect springs it so to speak. The leave quickly closes and forms a little cage, trapping the insect between the leaves. The Venus flytrap is then able to digest the insect and get its nutrients. But other carnivorous plants, their methods are passive. They don’t have any moving parts to trap things. They have passive traps, like the sundew plant.The sundew plant also produces a sweet nectar that attracts insects. Its leaves are full of little hairs that secrete the sweet substance. But what happens when insects land on the sundew’s leaves to get at the sweet nectar? Well, unfortunately for the insects, the hairs on the leaves also produce a super sticky glue-like substance. So an insect gets stuck in them and can’t fly away. It basically gets glued there, allowing the sundew to digest it and absorb nutrients.TPO24 SpeakingTask 3-Campus Coffee HouseListeningNarratorNow listen to two students discussing the letter.ConversationFemale StudentI don’t like his proposal.Male StudentWhy not? There are never many students in there.Female StudentBut that’s what I like about it, that it is never cro wded.Male StudentReally?Female StudentYeah, so it is a great place to study. I go there a lot. I will read a book or bring my laptop computer and work on a paper for class. It’s never very noisy.Male StudentYou are able to get work done there?Female StudentAbsolutely. In fact, I actually prefer it to the library as a place to study. And a lot of other students do too. We even study for our final exams there. And you can eat there while you work. Something you can’t do at the library.Male StudentOK. But you don’t actually like the food there, do you? I mean, he said...Female StudentWell, I don’t think he has been there recently. I mean, it is true it wasn’t that great in the past. But I think it is a lot better now.Male StudentWhat has changed?Female StudentThey have a new manager. And I guess he made some improvements on the quality of the food. I was there last week and the food was delicious.Male StudentReally?Female StudentYeah, really, and the new manager has also added some healt hy food and snacks. So the food doesn’t just taste good now, it is good for you too.Male StudentHmm... I’ll have to try the place.Task 4-Flagship SpeciesFlagship SpeciesEnvironmental organizations work to protect plants and animals whose natural habitats are threatened by human activity. One way they do this is by selecting a particular species to represent the threatened habitat to the general public. This species, called a flagship species, is one that people are likely to find attractive and interesting. The flagship species is used to raise public awareness and motivate people to take action to protect the threatened habitat. People’s support of the flagship species results in protection for all the plant and animal species living in the threatened area. NarratorNow listen to part of a lecture on this topic in an environmental science class.ProfessorSo one example of this is the macaw, the great green macaw. Now, the great green macaw is a beautiful bird, a fairly large-size parrot known for its colorful feathers, gorgeous green feathers with some red and blue feathers too.The macaw lives in the South American rainforest, in the part of the rainforest where a lot of trees had been cut down, trees that the macaw relies on for its food and nesting. So the macaw was in trouble. And of course, along with the trees, a lot of other animals were in trouble too. Lots of birds, bats, and frogs also live in these trees. So when the trees were cut down and cleared away, these animals also didn’t have a place to live anymore. And their populations drastically declined.So what a concerned group of people in the area did was they started spreading the word about how the macaw, you know, this really beautiful bird, needed help. They made little books with information about the macaw, with pictures, full-colored pictures of the macaw that showed off its beautiful feathers. And they passed out these beautiful books, these information brochures, uh... they distributed them to people in schools and community centers in the area.And a lot of people responded. They contributed money and helped the group set up some protected land, a special area where no one could cut down the trees. So the macaw would be safe. And the macaw’s population started to increa se, and other birds and bats and frogs came back to the area too. Their numbers increased along with the trees.Task 5-New ApartmentNarratorListen to a conversation between two students.Male StudentHey, Amy. Have you finished moving out of your dorm room yet?Female StudentYeah, I am all done. I moved into my new apartment off campus yesterday.Male StudentHow do you like it?Female StudentIt’s great. There’s just one problem.Male StudentWhat’s that?Female StudentWell, I don’t have an Internet connection at my new apartment. So I can’t use my computer to access the Internet from my room.Male StudentAnd that’s really important.Female StudentRight. I needed to do research for classes, email people, stuff like that. I use it almost every day. Male StudentSo are you going to pay to get it installed in the apartment?Female StudentWell, I have called a couple of Internet companies in the area and it’s no trouble for them to send someone out to my apartment to install Internet service. It’s jus t the cost. I have to pay every month for the service.Male StudentWell, you know, there’s always the computer center on campus. The computers there have free Internet access. Couldn’t you use them?Female StudentI could. It’s just that I don’t have cla sses every day, so I have to go to campus on some days just to use the Internet. And that computer center could get crowded sometimes.Male StudentHmm...Female StudentSo I am not sure what to do.Task 6-Perspectives of LiteratureNarratorNow listen to part of a lecture in a literature class.ProfessorAuthors of fiction, um, short stories and novels of course, have many decisions to make when they are writing their works. One of those decisions is how they are going to narrate, or tell the story, what perspective, or what point of view the story will be told from. So authors need to choose a type of narrator, some person or voice to tell the story. And this narrator can affect the readers’ experience when they read a story.Now, the author might choose to have an objective narrator. An objective narrator can describe what people, uh, the characters in the story, what they do and what they say. But that’s not all. So suppose we have a story, for example, that’s about a man an d woman about to take a trip. When the story is told by an objective narrator, the only information that we get as readers is what the characters say to each other, what they do. They get on the train. They sit down. They look out the window. That’s all. And this leads questions th at force the reader to interpret the events, to fill in information and decide what the characters conversation and action might mean.Another kind of narrator an author might use is an omniscient narrator. In this case, the narrator, the voice that’s tel ling the story, knows everything. And I mean everything about the characters. So let’s imagine our, say, man and woman travelling, but described by an omniscient narrator. Not only do we, the readers, know what they do and say, but we also know what they are thinking. For example, we are told that the couple is going to visit an old friend of the man’s. And we learn what the man is thinking, that he is nervous because he hasn’t seen his friend in a long time, that he is worried if his wife will like the friend. So an omniscient narrator provides more information and answers questions that the reader might have about the characters or the action.TPO25 SpeakingTask 3- Split GraduationNarratorNow listen to two students discussing the article.Female StudentYou know, I wish they wouldn’t do this.Male StudentWhy?Female StudentWell, I think it’s unnecessary. I mean, as far as the first reason goes, yeah, sure, it takes a long time to have everyone receive their diploma individually, especially now that there are more students. But there is an easy way to make it shorter.Male StudentWhat’s that?Female StudentReduce the number of speeches. I mean, a lot of people give speeches, students, professors, administrators, the president of the university. Do we really need that many speeches?Male StudentProbably not. And a lot of the speeches are pretty boring anyway. So yeah, we probably could cut out a few.Female StudentYeah. And I don’t think their second reason is really good either, about the space.Male StudentHow’s that?Female StudentThe problem isn’t the size of the hall, is that they allow students to invite too many people to come and watch. All they need to do is reduce the number of guests each graduating student gets to invite. Male StudentYeah, I guess that could solve the problem.Female StudentYeah. I mean, right now each graduating student can invite up to ten people, that’s too many. At most schools, students only get to invite like four or five people. If we just say, ‘OK, you can only invite six people.” That’d still be more than most other schools and the ceremony could stay the way it is.Task 4-Cultural LagNarratorNow listen to part of a lecture from a sociology class.ProfessorNow, the invention of the telephone was revolutionary. It was a much easier and faster way of communicating than anything else available at the time. However, when the telephone first became widely available towards the end of the nineteenth century, only businesses used telephones because businesses realized how telephone could benefit them, how it could help them be more productive. But a lot of people in the general public didn’t think the phone should be used for personal communication. Some people didn’t like to listen to someone’s voice withou t being able to see them. Also, a lot of people thought that it was rude to call someone on the telephone instead of visiting them in person. They missed the sense of personal connection they got from meeting someone. However, as we all know, people gradually changed their minds about the telephone. It took about thirty years. But eventually, most homes came to have telephones and everyone came to depend on them. Talking to someone you couldn’t see began to seem more and more normal. Friends began to call each other just to chat, just for fun. And after everyone agreed on certain rules of politeness, such as not calling someone late at night, no one considered it rude anymore to make personal phone calls. Using the example of the telephone, explain the concept of cultural lag.Task 5-Living Off-campusNarratorListen to a conversation between two students.Female StudentHey, Frank. How is it going?Male StudentWell, I just found out my roommate Jim is moving out of our off-campus apartment into a bigger place with a whole bunch of friends next semester.Female StudentOh, really?Male StudentYeah.Female StudentDoes this mean you will be living by yourself next semester?Male StudentYeah, but that’s OK, ‘cause I really wanted to live alone next sem ester anyway. I have to concentrate on my senior project for the history department. I have a lot to write and I don’t want any distractions. The only major problem though, is how I’ll be getting to campus.Female StudentOh, yeah?Male StudentSee, the apartment is a little far from campus and Jim has a car and he gives me rides to and from campus everyday, but I can’t afford a car now.Female StudentSo have you thought about taking public transportation? Uh... the bus to campus?Male StudentYeah, I ha ve. The thing is that there’s no bus going directly to the campus from that part of town. I’ll have to change buses a couple of times on the way.Female StudentI see. That could take a lot of time.Male StudentRight.Female StudentHmm... Well, maybe you should move back into a dormitory on campus, request a single room. There’s lots of them.Male StudentYeah. I thought about that. You know, I could live alone to get my work done. But I don’t know, I would miss my apartment.Female StudentI know, but you’ve got to make some choice.Briefly summarize the problem the speakers are discussing. Then state which of the two solutions from the conversation you would recommend. Explain the reasons for your recommendation.Task 6-WeatheringNarratorListen to part of a lecture in a geology class.ProfessorRocks near the Earth’s surface are directly exposed to elements in the environment such as air and water, and also to conditions such as temperature change, as well as to living organisms. And this exposure to the environment can actually cause even huge rocks to break into smaller pieces. This process is called weathering. Uh, let’s talk about a couple of ways weathering occurs.First of all, rocks are often exposed to water. In cold, wet environments, rocks can break due to water freezing inside of them. How does this happen? Well, ‘cause I am sure you know, when water freezes, it expands. And over time, this can lead to weathering. Um... imagine a rock with a small opening or crack in it. It rains, and water gets into the crack and stays there. Then at night, the temperature drops. And the water inside the crack freezes. This growing expanding ice pushes outward on either side of the crack, causing it to get slightly bigger. When this happens again and again, the crack becomes larger. And eventually, pieces of the rock break off.OK. Weathering can also be caused by plants, by plant growth. If a plant seed gets blown into the crack of a rock, it may take root. And its roots will grow down into the rock. The plant roots can cause the rock to break down, uh, fracture. You may have seen this with large trees growing on top of a rock, a great example of this. Usually there is enough dirt in the crack of a rock or on top of a rock to allow a tree to start growin g there. As the tree grows over the years, the tree’s roots extend down well into the cracks and crevasses of the rock in search of water and nutrients. Over time, the roots get bigger and grow deeper, widening and enlarging the cracks, causing the rock to break apart. Using points and example from the lecture, explain two ways weathering occurs.TPO26 SpeakingTask3-Advisor MeetingsNarratorNow listen to two students discussing the letter.Male StudentDid you see this letter?Female StudentYeah. Why?Male StudentWell, I don’t agree. It’s definitely not the same thing to just go on the university’s website. Female StudentYou don’t think so?Male StudentNo. I mean, sure, the basic information is there. But that’s not all advisors help you with. So metimes there are different ways you can meet the requirement for graduation, like different classes you can take. And if you talk to someone, they can help you figure it out.Female StudentAnd you can’t get that from just reading what’s on the website.Male StudentRight. Advisors have a lot of extra information, so they make it easier for you to see what your choices are.Female StudentI see what you mean.Male StudentAnd as for scheduling meetings, I have never had that kind of trouble.Female StudentMe either.Male StudentSo anyone who does have problems must be waiting until the last minute to set something up. Female StudentThat’s possible.Male StudentI mean, the thing is, if you call or go to the office early enough to set up an appointment, schedules are open. It’s just if you wait till the last possible day, it would be harder ‘cause they already have lots of students.Task4-Epiphytes1NarratorNow listen to part of a lecture from a biology class.ProfessorOK. So a good example of this type of plant common to the rain forest is the urn plant.The urn plant wraps its roots around the branches of the trees or sometimes around the trunk near the upper part of the tree. They use the trees for support. And this allows them to reside high in the trees, in the canopy, where they can get plenty of sunlight.Now, the urn plant has a unique shape. It got its name because the formation of its leaves creates a kind of urn or bowl where it can store water. The urn plant has rather long stiff spiky leaves. The leaves are slightly overlapping and are tightly rolled into a kind of cone shape or a funnel shape. Its flowers are held on a single stem in the center. Anyway, as I mentioned, the arrangement of the leaves forms a kind of receptacle or bowl at the base, so that as rainwater collects on the leaves, it rolls down into the bowl, where it can be stored.OK. So its unique shape helps it gather and store water, it also helps it to gather other nutrients. This is because insects, dead leaves from other plants or other debris land on the leaves and then get washed down into the stored water. Gradually, they decompose; the chemical breakdown creates a nitrogen-rich food source in the stored water. So the water supply contains a kind of liquid fertilizer that can be released to the plant whenever it needs it.1 a plant that derives its moisture and nutrients from the air and rain and grows usually on another plant. /wiki/EpiphyteTask5-BandFemale StudentHey, Steve. I hear you started a band.Male StudentYeah. I play guitar and some friends and I got together to start making music. We have been practicing a couple of month. And I think we are ready to have a concert.Female StudentGreat. Are you going to have the show soon?Male StudentYeah. Hopefully sometime in the next couple weeks. We are all pretty busy. But I think we can squeeze in a show before summer starts and everyone goes away.Female StudentCool. Where is it going to be?Male StudentWe want to do it in the campus auditorium. We play Rock and Roll. It’s kind of loud. So it would sound great in there. Problem is, the auditorium is already booked for the next few weekends. Female StudentSo what are you going to do?Male StudentWell, there are no weekends left before summer, b ut there’s an opening next Wednesday night. We could do the show then.Female StudentThat could be good. I mean... concerts are usually on weekends. But it would be something fun for people to do in the middle of the week.Male StudentYeah. That’s true. It’s just that ... well, there will probably a smaller audience on a Wednesday, which might be kind of disappointing.Female StudentWell, yeah.Male StudentBut there is one other option. We are friends with the people in another band. They are going to be performing in the auditorium next Saturday. And they actually said they would be willing to let us perform with them.Female StudentWow. That’s very nice of them.Male StudentYeah. We’d play for a little while, and then they’d play for the rest of the night as scheduled. Female StudentSounds good.Male StudentYeah. Only catch is: we wouldn’t have much time to perform, so we wouldn’t be able to do all the songs.Task6-Product ContainersNarratorListen to part of a lecture from a business class.ProfessorWhen consumers are buying a product, most of the time they are not buying just the product itself. They are also buying the container the product comes in. So the design of the container is very important. It can be the deciding factor when consumers are trying to decide which brand of a product to buy. So let’s talk about a couple of ways product containers can be designed to appeal to consumers.One important design goal is to make the container as user-friendly as possible, as convenient to use as possible. Take, for example, when companies started using plastic containers for condiments, such as ketchup, mustard and mayonnaise. In the past, these products came in glass containers with lids you had to screw off. And then you had to either pour the ketchup or mustard on your food, which could be messy, or scoop it out with a spoon. But flexible plastic containers were much more convenient to use. And so they were more attractive to consumers. You just held the container over your food, gave it a little squeeze and out came the ketchup or mustard, uh, much faster and easier than having to remove a lid first.Another important design goal is to give the container a pleasing appearance, so that consumers will feel comfortable displaying it in their home. Take, for example, a company that sells cookies. Instead of selling their cookies in a plain cardboard box, they might sell them in a nice metal box and they might decorate that nice metal box with beautiful pictures of some kind. That way, when consumers present the cookies to guests, for example, they look nice... they look classy. Attractive containers like that can make a product much more appealing.。
托福TPO33口语Task2题目+满分范文
为了帮助大家高效备考托福，为大家带来托福TPO33口语Task2题目+满分范文，希望对大家备考有所帮助。
托福TPO33独立口语Task2题目： Do you think that eating healthy food is easier or more difficult today than it was 40 or 50 years ago? Use examples and details to support your answer. 托福TPO33独立口语Task2满分范文： It' s definitely more difficult. Now that fast food is everywhere, I can' t help myself from going into those restaurants that serve fried chicken, burgers and pizza. When I don' t know what to eat for lunch, I would reach for McDonald' s next to my school. I have to admit that they' re really tasty, and I can never go wrong with a beef burger combo. However, in the past, there weren' t this many choices. Most people who earn a regular salary would cook at home, and it' s usually healthier—at least the food wouldn' t be so greasy, and there would be more vegetables rather than meat. So I think it is becoming more difficult to eat healthy food right now. 以上是给大家整理的托福TPO33口语Task2题目+满分范文，希望对你有所帮助!。
托福[阅读]TPO23原文+题目+答案
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小编为托福考生们准备了托福阅读TPO23原文+答案,希望各位考生们在TPO真题里能够得到锻炼，祝广大托福考生能够取得理想成绩。
Urban ClimatesThe city is an extraordinary processor of mass and energy and has its ownmetabolism. A daily input of water, food, and energy of various kinds is matchedby an output of sewage, solid waste, air pollutants, energy, and materials thathave been transformed in some way. The quantities involved are enormous. Manyaspects of this energy use affect the atmosphere of a city, particularly in theproduction of heat.In winter the heat produced by a city can equal or surpass the amount ofheat available from the Sun. All the heat that warms a building eventuallytransfers to the surrounding air, a process that is quickest where houses arepoorly insulated. But an automobile produces enough heat to warm an averagehouse in winter, and if a house were perfectly insulated, one adult could alsoproduce more than enough heat to warm it. Therefore, even without any industrialproduction of heat, an urban area tends to be warmer than the countryside thatsurrounds it.The burning of fuel, such as by cars, is not the only source of thisincreased heat. Two other factors contribute to the higher overall temperaturein cities. The first is the heat capacity of the materials that constitute thecity, which is typically dominated by concrete and asphalt. During the day, heatfrom the Sun can be conducted into these materials and stored—to be released atnight. But in the countryside materials have a significantly lower heat capacitybecause a vegetative blanket prevents heat from easily flowing into and out ofthe ground. The second factor is that radiant heat coming into the city from the Sun is trapped in two ways: (1) by a continuing series of reflection among the numerous vertical surfaces that buildings present and (2) by the dust dome, the cloudlike layer of polluted air that most cities produce. Shortwave radiation from the Sun passes through the pollution dome more easily than outgoing longwave radiation does; the latter is absorbed by the gaseous pollutants of the dome and reradiated back to the urban surface.Cities, then, are warmer than the surrounding rural areas, and togetherthey produce a phenomenon known as the urban heat island. Heat islands develop best under particular conditions associated with light winds, but they can form almost any time. The precise configuration of a heat island depends on several factors. For example, the wind can make a heat island stretch in the direction it blows. When a heat island is well developed, variations can be extreme; in winter, busy streets in cities can be 1.7℃ warmer than the side streets. Areas near traffic lights can be similarly warmer than the areas between them because of the effect of cars standing in traffic instead of moving. The maximum differences in temperature between neighboring urban and rural environments is called the heat-island intensity for that region. In general, the larger the city, the greater its heat-island intensity. The actual level of intensity depends on such factors as the physical layout, population density, and productive activities of a metropolis.The surface-atmosphere relationships inside metropolitan areas produce a number of climatic peculiarities. For one thing, the presence or absence of moisture is affected by the special qualities of the urban surface. With much of。
托福备考托福阅读34套TPO样题+解析+译文23--3 Rock Art of the Australia Aborigines
托福考试 复习托福阅读TPO23(试题+答案+译文)第3篇:Rock Art of the Australia Aborigines托福阅读原文【1】Ever since European first explored Australia, people have been trying to understand the ancient rock drawings and cavings created by the Aborigines, the original inhabitants of the continent. Early in the nineteenth century, encounters with Aboriginal rock art tended to be infrequent and open to speculative interpretation, but since the late nineteenth century, awareness of the extent and variety of Australian rock art has been growing. In the latter decades of the twentieth century there were intensified efforts to understand and record the abundance of Australian rock art.【2】The systematic study of this art is a relatively new discipline in Australia. Over the past four decades new discoveries have steadily added to the body of knowledge. The most significant data have come from a concentration on three major questions. First, what is the age of Australian rock art? Second, what is its stylistic organization and is it possible to discern a sequence or a pattern of development between styles? Third, is it possible to interpret accurately the subject matter of ancient rock art, bring to bear all available archaeological techniques andthe knowledge of present-day Aboriginal informants?【3】The age of Australia’s rock art is constantly being revised, and earlier datings have been proposed as the result of new discoveries. Currently, reliable scientific evidence dates the earliest creation of art on rock surfaces in Australia to somewhere between 30,000 and 50,000 years ago. This in itself is an almost incomprehensible span of generations, and one that makes Australia’s rock art th e oldest continuous art tradition in the world.【4】Although the remarkable antiquity of Australia’s rock art is now established, the sequences and meanings of its images have been widely debated. Since the mid-1970s, a reasonably stable picture has formed of the organization of Australian rock art. In order to create a sense of structure to this picture, researchers have relied on a distinction that still underlies the forms of much indigenous visual culture—a distinction between geometric and figurative elements. Simple geometric repeated patterns—circles, concentric circles, and lines—constitute the iconography (characteristic images) of the earliest rock-art sites found across Australia. The frequency with which certain simple motifs appear in these oldest sites has led rock-art researchers to adopt a descriptive term—the Panaramitee style—a label which takes its name from the extensive rock pavements at Panaramitee North in desert South Australia, which are covered with motifs pecked into the surface. Certain featuresof these engravings lead to the conclusion that they are of great age—geological changes had clearly happened after the designs had been made and local Aboriginal informants, when first questioned about them, seemed to know nothing of their origins. Furthermore, the designs were covered with “desert varnish,” a glaze that develops on rock surfaces over thousands of years of exposure to the elements. The simple motifs found at Panaramitee are common to many rock-art sites across Australia. Indeed, sites with engravings of geometric shapes are also to be found on the island of Tasmania, which was separated from the mainland of the continent some 10,000 years ago.【5】In the 1970s when the study of Australian archaeology was in an exciting phase of development, with the great antiquity of rock art becoming clear. Lesley Maynard, the archaeologist who coined the phrase “Panaramitee style,”suggested that a sequence could be determined for Australian rock art, in which a geometric style gave way to a simple figurative style (outlines of figures and animals), followed by a range of complex figurative styles that, unlike the pan-Australian geometric tradition, tended to much greater regional diversity. While accepting that this sequence fits the archaeological profile of those sites, which were occupied continuously over many thousands of years a number of writers have warned that the underlying assumption of such a sequence—a development from the simple and the geometric to thecomplex and naturalistic—obscures the cultural continuities in Aboriginal Australia, in which geometric symbolism remains fundamentally important. In this context the simplicity of a geometric motif may be more apparent than real. Motifs of seeming simplicity can encode complex meanings in Aboriginal Australia. And has not twentieth-century art shown that naturalism does not necessarily follow abstraction in some kind of predetermine sequence?托福阅读试题1.The word “infrequent” in the passage (paragraph 1) is closest in meaning toA.puzzling.B.uncommon.C.questionable.D.undocumented.2.According to paragraph 1, the twentieth-century approach to studying Australian rock art was different from earlier approaches because the twentieth-century approachA.recognized that many different groups of Aborigines created Australian rock art.B.concentrated on a limited range of Aboriginal rock art.C.examined Aboriginal art from an Aboriginal rather than from a European perspective.D.focused more intensely on understanding and documenting rock art.3.The word “relatively” in the passage (paragraph 2) is closest in meaning topletely.paratively.C.apparently.D.particularly.4.The word “discern” in the passage (paragraph 2) is closest in meaning toA.indicate.B.apply.C.identify.D.repeat.5.The word “revised” in the passage (paragraph 3) is closest in meaning toA.discussed.B.raised.C.challenged.D.changed.6.Which of the sentences below best expresses the essential informationin the highlighted sentence in the passage (paragraph 4)? Incorrect choices change the meaning in important ways or leave ways or leave out essential information.A.The oldest rock art sites have simpler motifs than the best known sites of Panaramitee North.B.Because motifs primarily associated with the Panaramitee region are common in the oldest sites the term Panaramitee style has become the general term for rock art of this type.C.Because the Panaramitee style is so common in the older sites, researchers have described it most extensively.D.The motifs carved in the rocky surface of the Panaramitee region make up the oldest form of rock art discovered in Australia.7.According to paragraph 4, researchers have organized and structured Australian rock art by distinguishing between which of the following? A.Images found at Panaramitee North and images found in other parts of Australia.B.Images found in a particular type of rock layer and images found in other types of rock layers.C.Images that have geometric elements and images that have figurative elements.D.Images that are typically found and image that are rarely found.8.According to paragraph 4, all of the following are signs of the great ageof the Panaramitee engravings EXCEPT:A.The engravings consisted of simple animal drawings.B.The engravings were covered with a layer of a substance known as “desert varnish”.C.Local Aborigines who were asked knew nothing about the origin of the engravings.D.Geologic changes had occurred after the engravings were made.9.Why does the author include information about Tasmania in paragraph 4?A.To provide evidence that the Panaramitee style is widespread and of great age.B.To prove that Aboriginal Australians could not have made the carvings in Tasmania.C.To indicate how researchers have determined how long ago Tasmania separated from the mainland.D.To illustrate the importance of geometric rock art to tourism in Tasmania.10.According to paragraph 5, the complex figurative style differs from the geometric style in that the complex figurative styleA.varies significantly from region to region.B.is more meaningful.C.appears on only a few types of rocks.D.has changed little overtime.11.According to paragraph 5, Lesley Maynard made which of the following suggestions about Australian rock art?A.There were a pattern of human figures being represented in a more complex style than animal figures.B.Australian archaeology should concentrate on determining the sequence of styles that led up to the Panaramitee style.C.The great antiquity of Australian rock art would probably make it impossible to determine the ages of the various styles found in rock art.D.The geometric style of Australian rock art was replaced by increasingly complex figurative styles.12.In paragraph 5, the author indicates that twentieth century art has shown that naturalism does not necessarily follow abstraction in some kind of predetermined sequence in order toA.emphasize that it may not be possible to determine what the figures in ancient rock art represent.B.suggest a reply to those who have questioned Maynard’s interpretation of the sequence of Australian rock art.C.provide a counterexample to Maynard’s interpretation of the sequence of Australian rock art.D.indicate that twentieth century art is more advanced than ancient rock art.13. Look at the four squares [■] that indicate where the following sentence could be added to the passage. Where would the sentence best fit? Click on a square [■] to add the sentence to the passage. While a great deal of information exists, the answers to these questions are not yet definitive.Paragraph 2: The systematic study of this art is a relatively new discipline in Australia. Over the past four decades new discoveries have steadily added to the body of knowledge. The most significant data have come from a concentration on three major questions. First, what is the age of Australian rock art? Second, what is its stylistic organization and is it possible to discern a sequence or a pattern of development between styles? Third, is it possible to interpret accurately the subject matter of ancient rock art, bring to bear all available archaeological techniques and the knowledge of present-day Aboriginal informants? ■【A】Paragraph 3: The age of Australia’s rock art is constantly being revised, and earlier datings have been proposed as the result of new discoveries. ■【B】Currently, reliable scientific evidence dates the earliest creation of art on rock surfaces in Australia to somewhere between 30,000 and 50,000 years ago. ■【C】This in itself is an almost incomprehensible span of generations, and one that makes Australia’s rock art the oldest continuous art tradition in the world. ■【D】14. Direction: An introductory sentence for a brief summary of thepassage is provides below. Complete the summary by selecting the THREE answer choices that express the most important ideas in the passage. Some sentences presented in the passage or are minor ideas in the passage. This question is worth 2 points.Interest in the rock art of the original inhabitants of Australia has grown over the last two centuries.te nineteenth century studies of Aboriginal rock art failed to recognize that a variety of styles existed.B.The extreme age of the earliest Aboriginal rock art has been established but the interpretation of rock art images is still debated.C.A sequence from geometric to more representative art fits many sites but does not necessarily indicate a progression from simple to complex meaning.D.In determining the way in which Australian rock art was organized, archaeologists have made little distinction between geometric and figurative elements.E.Older examples of rock art consist of simple, repeated geometric patterns while later rock art includes figures and animals.F.Aboriginal informants were able to explain the meanings of ancient rock art symbols.托福阅读答案1.infrequent不常见的，所以正确答案是uncommon，单词是frequent加否定前缀构成的。
托福TPO33口语范文+解析
小编给考生们带来了托福TPO33口语文本，希望大家多做题，多积累、多研究，有针对性的规划考试。
托福口语TPO33 Task1(题目+解析+范文):Decide on a major field of study托福TPO33口语task1题目 Question:A friend of yours wants to go to university next yearbut cannot decide on amajor field of study. Whatadvice would you give your friend to help makethisdecision?托福TPO33口语task1范文：I would suggest my friend to ask some collegestudents for help. I mean,they're the ones who arealready involved in these majors, and they shouldhavesome first-hand information, like what classesthey need to take, whether they'reinteresting or not,and if this major is promising. When I graduated from highschool, I hesitated betweencomputer science and electronic engineering. I endedup majoring in EE, and find myself hatethis major just because the classes Itake are not the ones I thought I might be interested in. IfI had the chance toask some of the EE students before I entered college, I'm sure I wouldn'thavethis kind of issue.托福口语TPO33 Task2(题目+解析+范文):Eating healthy food托福口语task2题目Question:Do you agree or disagree with the following statement? Children shouldreceive money for doing household tasks such as cleaning. Use specific examplesand details to support your opinion.托福口语task2范文:It's definitely more difficult. Now that fast food is everywhere, I can'thelp myself from going into those restaurants that serve fried chicken, burgers and pizza. When I don't know what to eat for lunch, I would reach for McDonald's next to my school. I have to admit that they're really tasty, and I can never go wrong with a beef burger combo. However, in the past, there weren't this many choices. Most people who earn a regular salary would cook at home, and it's usually healthier—at least the food wouldn't be so greasy, and there would be more vegetables rather than meat. So I think it is becoming more difficult to eat healthy food right now.托福口语TPO33 Task3(听力+解析+范文):Bicycle Borrowing ProgramReading Part:Bicycle Borrowing ProgramIt’s great that the university has a program wherestudents can borrowbicycles from the gym. However,two changes would make the program moreconvenient. First, the borrowing period should be shortened to four hours maximum so thatmore bikes would be available when students want to borrow them. Second, currently,students who borrow bikes have to leave a cash deposit, which is returned to them when theyreturn the bikes, but I think students should be required to leave their student identificationcards instead, so they don’t have to remember to bring cash.Sincerely,Susan Lee听力原文：(woman) Hey, did you read that letter? What do youthink?(man) Yeah, I read it. I understand what she'ssaying but I really don't。
托福TPO33听力Conversation2文本+题目+答案解析
托福TPO33听力Conversation2文本+题目+答案解析为了帮助大家高效备考托福，为大家带来托福TPO33听力Conversation2文本+题目+答案解析，希望对大家备考有所帮助。
托福TPO33听力Conversation2文本Narrator: Listen to a conversation between a student and his biology professor.Student: Professor Landrea.Professor: Hi, Dennis. You are right on time. Come on in and have a seat.Student: Great! Thanks.Professor: So like I told you in class, I just wanted to take a few minutes to meet with everyone to make sure your class presentations for next week are all in order and coming along well. And as you know, you are supposed to report on some area of recent research in genetics, something…you know…original.Student: Well, I think I found just the thing! It actually occurred to me a couple nights ago while I was eating dinner in the cafeteria. Tell me professor, do you like broccoli?Professor: Broccoli? You mean the vegetable broccoli?Student: Yeah.Professor: Well, I guess not really.Student: Me neither. I have never liked it or most other vegetables for that matter…Brussels sprouts, asparagus, cauliflower…you name it. They just taste bitter and…well…nasty to me. My mother always called me a picky eater.Professor: OK…And?Student: And so I got to wondering: I mean, I am obviously not the only person like this. So is this just because of some…like trauma from our childhoods? Some bad experience we’ve hadwith vegetables? Or could there be some genetic explanation for why some people are picky eaters and others aren’t?Professor: OK. I see. Well, I suppose it’s a possibility.Student: Actually, it turns out it’s more than a possibility. I started doing some research in the library that night and I found out that a biologist at the National Institutes of Health has been looking at that very question recently.Professor: Well, I guess that’s not too surprising. And this is great stuff actually. So what’s the verdict?Student: Well, this guy seems to have discovered a particular gene that actually makes it possible for people to taste the bitterness in certain green vegetables. But people who have a mutation in that gene cannot taste the bitterness.Professor: Well…that’s certainly fascinating! But…so this biologist is basically claiming that people who like to eat these vegetables actually have some sort of sensory deficit? Sort of makes us picky eaters than normal ones, doesn’t it? I mean, that’s kind of turning things on their head, isn’t it?Student: Well…then again, it wouldn’t be the first time, would it? Think of it this way: humans originally needed to have a stronger sensitivity to bitter-tasting foods so they could learn what plants were good for them and which ones might be poisonous. But at some point, as people figured out what they could safely eat, this need became less crucial and a segment of the population lost that ability.Professor: OK. Well, you make a compelling case. I can’t wait to hear more about this when you deliver your report.托福TPO33听力Conversation2题目1.Why does the professor meet with the student?A. To determine if the student has selected an appropriatetopic for his class projectB. To find out if the student is interested in taking part in a genetics projectC. To discuss the student’s experiment on taste perceptionD. To explain what the student should focus on for his class presentation2.Why does the student ask the professor about broccoli?A. To get her to describe some of its genetic featuresB. To find out if she is familiar with recent research on vegetable DNAC. To introduce an idea that he has had for a research topicD. To help explain why he needs extra time to prepare his presentation。
【托福英语】TPO23
TPO-23Section 11. What is the cause of the student’s problem?A. She missed the deadline for submitting her announcement to the university website.B. She did not include enough information in her announcement.C. The editors of the university web site did not post her announcement.D. The university web site will not be available to students for several days.2. What did the student’s group to promise the author in order to get him to visit the university?A. That he would have a large audience for his readingB. That his books would be advertised on the university web siteC. That the French Department would pay his travel expensesD. That he would also be able to speak at another nearby university3. What does the man imply about the editors of the university’s web site?A. They are sometimes careless in their handling of studentsB. They sometimes revise students’ announcements before posting themC. They routinely try to predict student interest in upcoming events.D. They usually attend the event advertised on the web site4. What does the man suggest the student do?A. Postpone the event until next weekB. Advertise the event on a more specialized web siteC. Explain her situation to the editors of the university web siteD. Create a poster to advertise the event5. Why does the student say this:A. To suggest that the man contact the French DepartmentB. To express her frustration with the French Department’s requirements for fundingC. To assure the man that the event has the support of the French DepartmentD. To explain why she is asking the man for additional fundingLecture 16. What is the lecture mainly about?A. The methods archaeologists used to reconstruct the Antikythera MechanismB. The influence the Antikythera Mechanism has had on the study of physicsC. A research project in the combined fields of archaeology, physics, and mathematicsD. An archaeological discovery that challenged an accepted historical view7. According to the professor, how did the Antikythera Mechanism work?A. Dials on the device could be turned to calculated a ship’s location at seaB. The device was used to operated the images located on the caseC. Light from the Sun illuminated particular indicators on the case throughout the day8. What is the professor’s attitude about the proposition that the Antikythera Mechanism is over twothousand years old?A. She is confident that the dating is accurateB. She is sure the dating will be revised in the futureC. She is surprised that the dating remains inconclusiveD. She believes that additional testing will be needed to confirm the dating9. According to the professor, why is it unusual to discover a bronze artifact from ancient Greece?A. Bronze objects were often recycledB. Bronze corrodes underwater very quicklyC. Ancient Greeks had limited access to bronzeD. Artists of ancient Greece preferred to work with other materials10. How were archaeologists able to determine how the Antikythera Mechanism operated?A. By comparing it to similar devices used 1,000 years laterB. By using gamma rays to see inside of the mechanismC. By referring to ancient Greek writings about the mechanismD. By consulting with colleagues in the field of physics11. What does the professor imply about the ancient Greeks when she says this:A. They were the first to observe the irregularity in the Moon’s orbitB. They might not have been the inventors of the Antikythera MechanismC. They were more scientifically advanced than is commonly thoughtD. They appeared to have made some errors in their calculationsLecture 212. What is the lecture mainly about?A. Ways of identifying different types of cloudsB. Recent research findings about the causes of global warmingC. The impact of clouds on global temperaturesD. The impact of human activity on cloud formation13. According to the professor, what is Earth’s radiation budget?A. The average temperature difference between land masses and bodies of waterB. The balance between incoming solar energy and reflected solar energyC. The percentage of incoming solar energy that gets trapped in cloudsD. The portion of marine species that has been affected by global warming14. Why does the professor discuss albedo?A. To point out that different surfaces have different reflective propertiesB. To suggest that the reflective surfaces on Earth should be increasedC. To demonstrate how a cloud’s thickness is measuredD. To explain why clear air reflects a large amount of solar energy back to space15. What can be inferred from the lecture about the effects of different types of clouds on Earth’s climate?A. Low, thick clouds increase ocean temperatures much more than high, thin clouds doB. The cooling effect of low, thick clouds is stronger overall than the heating effect of high, thin cloudsC. The effect of low, thick clouds is understood better than the effect of high, thin cloudsD. The effect of low, thick clouds is much more variable than the effect of high, thin clouds16. What does the professor say about microscopic plants in the ocean near Antarctica?A. They have been raising the ocean’s albedoB. Their population is increasing due to global warmingC. They grow more rapidly when cloud cover is thinD. They produce a chemical that leads to cloud formation17. Why does the professor say this:?A. To reintroduce a topic from a previous lectureB. To correct a common misunderstandingC. To encourage students to express their own opinionsD. To revise his previous response to a student’s questionSection 2Conversation 11. Why does the man go to see the professor?A. To discuss a grade he received on a paperB. To get advice about which course he should take next termC. To ask a question about a reading assignmentD. To request permission to take an advanced course2. Why did the professor assign Araby instead of another short story from Dubliner?A. It is not related to the other stories in the collectionB. It is the shortest story in the collectionC. It is told from the narrators point of viewD. It is organized in a predictable way3. What is the professor’s attitude when she discusses the master writer seminar?A. She is surprised that more students do not enroll in itB. She is excited because she learns a great deal from her studentsC. She is pleased because it gives students a strong foundation in literary theory and criticismD. She is disappointed that she does not get to teach it as often as she would like4. What does the man imply when he mentions the paper he has written?A. He feels ready to study literature that is more challengingB. He understands what he must do to improve his gradesC. He already appreciates the uniqueness of James Joyce’s novelsD. He is trying to match his literary styles to James Joyce’s5. What does the professor say about the course on nineteenth-century novels?A. It is one of the courses that she will be teaching next termB. It is offered at a time of day that will work with the man’s scheduleC. It is a natural progression from the course the man is taking nowD. It will compare nineteenth-century novels with a James Joyce novelLecture 36. What is the lecture mainly about?A. Parts of the dolphin’s anatomy that allow it to navigateB. Two different types of communication used by dolphinsC. The way that dolphins store air while swimming underwaterD. The meanings of different signals used by dolphins7. Why does the professor discuss the speed at which sound travels?A. To describe why sounds made under water can travel long distancesB. To show why a person cannot hear a dolphin well when it is under waterC. To compare the speed of two different sounds made by dolphinsD. To explain how sound waves behave when crossing from one medium into another8. What is the dolphin’s melon?A. An oval-shaped bone that lets the dolphin hear soundsB. An organ made of fat tissue that helps a dolphin send sound wavesC. An air filled cavity that lets the dolphin breathe underwaterD. An organ filled with water that helps the dolphin measure depth9. What is the dolphin’s jaw able to do?A. Send rapid clicking sounds into waterB. Increase the speed of soundsC. Receive sound waves that have reflected off objectsD. Force water through the nasal sacs and out the blowhole10. How does the professor organize the information in the lecture?A. By describing a phenomenon and the physics structures that make it possibleB. By describing several of the dolphin’s senses and their relative usefulnessC. By contrasting how the dolphin makes two different types of soundsD. By describing an old theory and then a new theory11. Why does the professor say this:A. To find out whether students are familiar with the lecture topicB. To mention a related topic that will not be discussed in detailC. To mention a common misconception about dolphin vocalizationsD. To point out a primary function of dolphin blowholesLecture 412. What is the main purpose of the lecture?A. To discuss some films the class will be viewingB. To help prepare students for a class assignmentC. To compare two types of filmmaking techniquesD. To talk about the history of screen dance13. What does the professor say that facial expressions are relatively unimportant in live performances?A. To point out that dancing and acting have many differencesB. To emphasize that screen dancers should not be concerned about their facial expressionsC. To give an example of a weakness of modern choreographyD. To suggest a reason why dancers might want to participate in a screen dance14. How does the professor try to make students feel more confident about their assignment? Click on 2answersA. He tells them they will be able to practice editing filmsB. He tells them that technical assistance is available if they need itC. He tells them they will not be graded on the technical aspects of their filmD. He tells them that editing techniques are easy to learn15. Why does the professor talk about a dancer entering and exiting a frame?A. To explain one way of creating a sense of flow in a screen danceB. To point out that some screen dances are filmed on a stageC. To help explain why screen dance is becoming more popularD. To remind students to follow safety guidelines when filming a screen dance16. According to the professor, what does screen dance offer to viewers that live dance does not?A. A chance to see different types of dances being performed at the same timeB. An opportunity to share the enthusiasm dancers have for their artC. A way to see how dance has changed over timeD. A more convenient way to watch dance17. What is the professor’s opinion about the future impact of screen dance?A. It will inspire some stage choreographers to change their methodsB. It will eventually replace live danceC. It will probably build new audiences for live danceD. It will probably discourage some people from entering the dance profession。
托福TPO33独立写作题目文本+满分范文
为了帮助大家高效备考托福，为大家带来托福TPO33独立写作题目文本+满分范文，希望对大家备考有所帮助。
托福TPO33独立写作题目原文： Do you agree or disagree with the following statement? When teachers assign projects on which students must work together, the students learn much more effectively than when they are asked to work alone on projects. Use specific reasons and examples to support your answer. 托福TPO33独立写作满分范文： Working on projects is not strange to students, which indeed enhance their ability to practice. When it comes to the way how students cope with this kind of task, there are usually two approaches: to work together with others and to work on their own. Personally, I am a big fan of “team working” and I am totally in agreement with students’ participation in a team when engaging in projects. There are some reasons that illustrate my point of view. First of all, working together is conducive for students to learn from each other, which enables them to be more all-rounded. It is because when students set out to do something, they do not have a choice but to face unexpected problems, and working in a team allows them to watch and learn others’ strategies in coping with various problems, which will develop their problem solving skills and boost their ability to learn. Therefore, working as a part of a team provides students with more opportunities to learn from other people’s experience and finally promotes their talents. Besides, team working can generate new ideas to a particular subject, which will help improve work efficiency. As is known to all, the advantage of working together lies in more chances for direct interaction between students. During the brainstorm or other kinds of communication, students can each express their opinions and come up with new ways to address the same issue and this can never be possible for those who merely depend on themselves when carrying out projects. For these concerns, it’s a sensible strategy for students to focus on teamwork. Admittedly, working together can have one or two downsides. For instance, due to lack of unanimous understanding about some problems, students usually do not come up with brilliant ideas at the very beginning and there could be a big waste of time and energy. However, this can be another way to success, because they are more likely to find the best solution by trials and errors. In conclusion, my preference for working together is clearly justified through above-mentioned reasons. As an old saying goes，“A single thread cannot make a cord,nor single tree a forest” , if you do not want to be shut away in an alien world, then go to join a team, because in there, you will harvest unexpected treasures. 以上是给大家整理的托福TPO33独立写作题目文本+满分范文，希望对你有所帮助!。
新托福TPO口语参考答案——TPO33
1. A friend of yours wants to go to university next year but cannot decide on a major field of study. What advice would you give your friend to help make this decision?My advice would be to follow your interests. There is a famous saying that you are good at what you like and you like what you are good at. If my friend had an interest, I would suggest he stick to it, even if it is not a practical field and it’s not gonna help find any jobs. But, with interests, one tries hard and makes the best of oneself effortlessly. For example, if a person is interested in history, this person won’t feel bored reading ponderous books. He or she may enjoy reading hard-to-understand materials or books of ancient while others may feel it is tiring and boring.2. Do you think that eating healthy food is easier or more difficult today than it was 40 or 50 years ago? Use examples and details to support your answer.Yeah, I think so. I think the first reason is that our pace of life has increased a lot. Most people in the city don’t have enough time cooking. They either eat in the restaurant or eat fast food. And most of the food there are prepared hastily or they are plain junk food. More importantly,unlike 40 or 50 years ago, the fruits and vegetables are mostly grown in greenhouses with heavy use of chemicals. Animals are raised in factories with extremely bad environments. So the food sources are unhealthy. Even if we cook carefully, it’s still harder to eat healthy food.3. The man expresses his opinion about the proposal described in the letter. Briefly summarize the proposal. Then state his opinion about the proposal and explain the reasons he gives for holding that opinion.The writer of the letter gives two suggestions. The first suggestion is to shorten the bicycle borrowing period so that more bikes will be available. The second suggestion is to leave student cards instead of cash when students borrow bicycles. But the man in the conversation does agree with the two suggestions. First of all, he thinks that students borrowing bicycles usually need longer periods. For example, his friend and he borrow bicycles every weekend to go off-campus. They often go to the state park and it usually takes a whole day. Secondly, he thinks that if students leave their cards when borrowing bicycles, they won’t be able to get into library or dining halls. This will create inconvenience.4. Explain the concept of carrying capacity using the example of themoth and Ragwort.The greatest number of animals a habitat can support is called carrying capacity. Carrying capacity is not fixed. It changes according to the environment. The professor uses the relationship of moth and ragwort to illustrate this concept. Moth is a kind of insect that eats ragwort. Ragwort is a plant that grows in the field. Normally, the number of moth in the ragwort field is stable. But if there were a lot less rain in a year, ragwort wouldn’t grow well. Moth wouldn’t survive and even those that survived lay fewer eggs. So the number of moth would decrease. But if the rain went back to a normal level, the ragwort would grow well. Moth would have enough to eat and would lay more eggs. And the number of moth would also increase.5. Briefly summarize the problem the speakers are discussing. Then state which of the two solutions from the conversations you would recommend. Explain the reason for your recommendation.The man has promised the girl to take her place to work tonight. But he didn’t know that he was going to have a music rehearsal at the same time. But the girl has already made her plan this evening. So this is the problem.There are two solutions. The man, Bob, quits the music rehearsal and goes to work as he promised. Or, the girl cancels her plan with her friends.I would recommend the man to work as he promised, because it’s he who created the problem. If he hadn’t promised the girl to take her place, she probably wouldn’t have made her plan tonight. Even if there are new songs he hasn't practiced and tonight is the last practice, he has to take full responsibility of the mess, which is made by him.6. Using the professor’s example of the pizza restaurant, explain two advantages of franchising.The professor talks about two advantages of franchising. The first advantage is that the established company will provide training for you and all your employees. For example, if you open a pizza restaurant by franchising, the company will teach you how to prepare the pizza, how to take orders and basically teach you how to operate the restaurant like other restaurants of the company. You just follow its plan to success. The second advantage is its established customer base. Because it is an established company, its products are already well known. People will trust it even if it’s in a new location. For example, the pizza restaurant you open has the same name as the others’. People already know thename and they’ll go to your restaurant because they trust the name and think they will definitely have good experience.。
托福口语tpo23
托福口语tpo23〔托福〕口语考试是整个托福考试中最让考生头疼的一块,考生不仅必须要和时间赛跑,同时还要让表达的内容切合主题,没有长时间的学习很难得到高分。
下面是我为您整理的关于托福口语tpo23，希望对你有所帮助。
托福口语tpo23题目Question:Some people enjoy spending their free time alone in activities such as reading,thinking, or writing. Others enjoy spending their free time in shared activities with other people. Which do you prefer and why?托福口语tpo23范文一：I prefer to spend free time alone doing activities like reading, thinking and writing. I value my free time very much because thats the time I can do whatever I like. I like reading and writing. By reading books, some masterpieces, I feel like I am talking with those great authors and masters.I enjoy great stories such as Robinson Crusoe, Boys life andCatcher in the Rye. By writing, I can take down the meaningful moments and thoughts in my life. Also, I can write my own stories. Every time I work out a story, I feel great and eager to let others read it. Through reading and writing, I can better understand my life. Only by staying alone can I read, write and think.托福口语tpo23范文二：I prefer shared activities. I love to be around with other people, whether it is hanging around or traveling. I am a social animal. Such as for the graduation travel we went to Taiwan together. Well, when you are in a group, you know, laughter can be contagious and the joy is shared and doubled, in one word, it is more fun. Also, youll always have someone to watch your back, in case of emergencies. You are never alone, so it saves you loads of trouble.托福口语模板:了解一个城市最好的方法托福口语题目为Which of the following is the best way to learn about a city: to join an organized trip; to visit the museums; to take walks in the streets of its cities。
TPO 33托福综合写作+独立写作范文
TPO 33范文综合写作：The author in the reading passage explores three major functions of the carved stone balls. However, in the lecture, the professor respectively contradicts all his assertions by using three specific points as supports.First, even though the reading passage suggests that the stone balls were weapons because of the holes and grooves on their surface, the professor argues that the stone balls didn’t show signs of use, which means they are neither cracked nor broken and thus cannot be used as weapons.Second, despite the statement in the reading passage that the stone balls were used as primitive weighing system due to their uniform size, the professor contends that their masses vary too considerably from each other. Therefore, the balls could not function as weighing system.Third, the author asserts that the stone balls served a social purpose owing to their elaborate designs while the professor proves that this claim is indefensible by pointing out that the balls were carved with not only intricate patterns but also simple ones, besides, none of the balls were found in the ancient tombs or graves. Consequently, it’s impossible that the balls were social markers.独立写作：Do you agree or disagree with the following statement?When teachers assign projects on which students must work together, the students learn much more effectively than when they are asked to work alone on projects. Use specific reasons and examples to support your answer.Sample 1:Working on projects is not strange to students, which indeed enhance their ability to practice. When it comes to the way how students cope with this kind of task, there are usually two approaches: to work together with others and to work on their own. Personally, I am a big fan of “team working” and I am totally in agreement with students ’participation in a team when engaging in projects. There are some reasons that illustrate my point of view.First of all, working together is conducive for students to learn from each other,which enables them to be more all-rounded. It is because when students set out to do something, they do not have a choice but to face unexpected problems, and working in a team allows them to watch and learn others’ strategies in coping with various problems, which will develop their problem-solving skills and boost their ability to learn. Therefore, working as a part of a team provides students with more opportunities to learn from other people’s experience and finally promotes their talents.Besides, team working can generate new ideas to a particular subject, which will help improve work efficiency. As is known to all, the advantage of working together lies in more chances for direct interaction between students. During the brainstorm or other kinds of communication, students can each express their opinions and come up with new ways to address the same issue and this can never be possible for those who merely depend on themselves when carrying out projects. For these concerns, it’s a sensible strategy for students to focus on teamwork.Admittedly, working together can have one or two downsides. For instance, due to lack of unanimous understanding about some problems, students usually do not come up with brilliant ideas at the very beginning and there could be a big waste of time and energy. However, this can be another way to succeed, because they are more likely to find the best solution by trials and errors.In conclusion, my preference for working together is clearly justified through above-mentioned reasons. As an old saying goes，“A single thread cannot make a cord, nor single tree a forest” , if you do not want to be shut away in an alien world, then go to join a team, because in there, you will harvest unexpected treasures.。