专业英语作业
第一学期英文专业作业
第一学期英语作业U 11）Youmg as she is. Mary is very good at handling diffcult customers.2）After explaining his plan in great detail,Bob Suimmarized its main points in a few sentences 3)The newly-elected govermment has begun the painful process of working out its policies and strategies4）At first,Tom found it difficult to absorb what his teachers said in class.5) You will be are boyund to fail the exam if you don't do any rowiston(复习）6) Please feel free to call on us whenever you like,7)There are jobs more dangerous than truck driving,forinstance,training lions. (8)the marketing department is working on new strategies to improve the company's share of the market9)Many of the students Complained that the exam was too hard.,10)After reading the text three times,the clever boy has committed it to memory11)The doctor insisted that everything would be alright.Nevertheless I canmot help feeling anxious about the safety of the child12)Nowadays we rely more and more on computers to help us in doing everything13)Apart form being fun and good exercise,swimming is a very useful skill.14)Afer spending a year in Australia, the little girl has gained quite a good Command of spoken English3. Complete the following sentences,using the words in brackets(括号）：1)I have warmed you over and over again to keep away from drugs.(over)2)If you try to leam toomany things at atime,you may getsonfused.(time)3）We won't know ifthe plan will work untilwe put it intoprctice(practice)4)You can't learmEnglish well withoutwatching out for diomaticways of saying things.5）Peter has tried manythings with no particularsuccess,but he is bu nomeans an incapableperson (means)6)Can you turn themusic down,please?Ican't concentrate on mywork.(concentrate)7)In adlition toteaching at theuniversity,ProfessorWilson also works as alegal adviser（法律顾问）to a high-techcompany.(addition)8)If you come to myoffice,I'l tell you the storyin latai l (detail)我坚信，阅读简写的英文小说是扩大我们词汇量的一种轻松愉快的方法。
电气工程及其自动化专业英语作业
专业英语作业（C2S3—P40）alog-DigitalConversionAnMany quantities have continuous values, including temperature, pressure,许多变量都有连续的量值，如温度，压力，displacement, rotation, voltage, current, and intensity of light and sound.位移，旋转角，电压，电流以及光和声音的强度。
The task of quantizing the continuous values into a binary scale is called analog-to-digital conversion (ADC).将连续量化为二进制数字的工作称为模数转换（ADC）Digital-to-analog conversion (DAC) is the inverse process,in which data in discrete values, are converted or restored to a continuously variable form.数模转换是一个相反的过程，它将离散的数据转化或恢复为一个连续可变的形式。
The transducer is the name of the device that produces a voltage or a current proportional to the physical phenomenon to which it responds.传感器是一种装置，它能产生与所反映的实际现象成比例的电压或者电流Analog-to-digital conversion模数转换Only two basic techniques exist for analog-to-digital conversion (ADC).ADC有两种基本方法One is to compare the analog voltage amplitude to a binary voltage scale in which the match yield the binary number that corresponds to the amplitude.一种方法是将模拟电压幅值和二进制电压作比较，在此比较过程中产生与幅值相对应的二进制数。
西交《专业英语》在线作业
B. best
C. well
D. very much
满分：2 分
18. We are going to have a dancing party tonight. Would you like to join us? ---- (_______) .
A. I'm afraid not. Because I have an appointment with my dentist tonight
A. worth
B. worthy
C. worthwhile
D. worthing
满分：2 分
28. There ________ a dolphin show in the zoo tomorrow evening.
A. was
B. is going to have
B. 不填, 不填, the
C. the, the, the
D. the, 不填, 不填
满分：2 分
35. So far is known, the original manuscripts of Shakespeare’s plays are no longer (_______) .
A. payable
B. respectful
C. grateful
D. rewarding
满分：2 分
34. In ___class, Mr. Chen talks about___Chinese history and___art of China.
A. 不填, the, 不填
满分：2 分
14. (_______) the interruption, he was able to finish his exercises before the class was over.
生物工程专业英语作业
03
Identify different genetic traits that are inherited in Mendelian inheritance patterns Focus on the impact of genetic traits on human health and issues
Cell Division and Growth: Describe the process of cell division, including mitosis and cytokinesis Explain how cells grow and multiply
Fundamentals of Cell Biology
Identify the different types of cells in the human body and explain their functions Describe the organization of cells into issues and the types of issues found in the human body
Rapid development period
After the mid-20th century, with the development of disciplines such as molecular biology and cell biology, biotechnology entered a period of rapid development.
要点三
Fundamentals of Biochemistry
03
Biotechnology experimental technology
英语专业作业
UNIT NINE 911 SHOCK T HE WORLD（911震惊世界）Lesson 1 Another Pearl Harbor (又一珍珠港事件)I. Learn the following ten expressions and fill them in the sentences while listening.A. biography [♌♋♓♈❒☜♐♓] n.. 传记B. rubble [ ❒✈♌●] n. 碎石, 乱石C. fatality [♐☜♦✌●♓♦♓] n.不幸, 灾祸D. aftermath [ ♐♦☜❍✌] n.结果, 后果E. casualt ies[ ✌✞◆☜●♦♓] n.人员伤亡F. debris [ ♎♏♌❒♓ ♎♏♓♌] n碎片, 残骸H. caution s [ ☞☜⏹] vt.警告J. preliminary [☐❒♓●♓❍♓⏹☜❒♓] a.预备的, 初步的1. He came to Washington's George Washington University hospital to __________ blood.2. And hospital officials thanked the __________historian and told him the donation would not be needed at this time.3. Mr. McCullough also __________ against reacting with blame against the law enforcement and intelligence community.4. His latest book is a __________ of founding father John Adams.5. Pentagon officials say their __________ count of the number of people killed in Tuesday's terrorist attack on the defense department is 190.6. That estimate comes as recovery teams continue to remove bodies from the __________.7. Both the army and navy suffered dozens of __________ while the air force and marine corps report no deaths among their personnel.8. The highest-ranking __________ is understood to be a three-star army general.9. Recovery crews are still in the process of removing bodies from the __________.10. Meanwhile, authorities have reopened a portion of the Pentagon closed in the __________ of the terrorist attack.II. Listen to PASSAGE ONE and choose the best answer to each question.1-1. Historian Compares Terror Attacks to Pearl Harbor1. To whom the historian’s viewp oint on the attacks provides?A. John Adams.B. Two victims.C. David McCullough.D. Greg Flakus2. Where were two victims being treated?A. In Pentagon.B. Outside the hospitalC. In George Washington University Hospital.D. In Washington University.3. What tragedy did Mr. McCullough compare to Pearl Harbor Attack?A. Hawaii tragedy in 1941.B. The bombing of the federal building in 1995.C. The atom bombing in Japan in 1945.D. The Tuesday’s attacks.4. What did the 69-year-old man emphasize?A. Taking a reaction to these acts of terrorism.B. Avoiding a reaction to these acts of terrorism.C. Changing the very nature of the democratic system.D. Writing a biography of John Adams.5. What is not true to David McCullough?A. He is a historian.B. He is a Pulitzer Prize winning author.C. He donated blood needed at this time.D. He has written a book about John Adams.III. Listen to PASSAGE TWO and tick T or F for each statement.1-2. Preliminary Number of People Killed at Pentagon Stands at 1901. 126 people died. They were military and civilian Pentagon staff.2. 64 people died aboard the hijacked plane.3. The process of removing bodies was suspended because of receiving a bomb threat.4. The bomb was located at the gate of the building.5. After two hours the work crews were allowed back home.IV. Listen to PASSAGE THREE and fill in the blanks.1-3. Eyewitnesses Describe Pentagon AttackThe crash of a passenger jet into the Pentagon was witnessed by many people in a nearby U.S. military building.Workers in the Naval Annex building, which (1) __________from the Pentagon, (2) __________ by the roar of the jet's engines as it (3) __________ on its approach to the Pentagon. One man says the aircraft was flying so low that it (4) __________ on a nearby highway.After roaring past the Naval Annex, the aircraft(5) __________ the south side of the Pentagon, erupting into a massive fireball and (6) __________ into the sky. One eyewitness says the plane's impact (7) __________ in the Pentagon very close to the building's heliport control tower.Several eyewitnesses say the plane (8) __________ of the Pentagon that was recently renovated. None of the eyewitnesses could tell VOA how many people (9) __________ in that section of the building Tuesday.In the aftermath of the attack, the scene (10) __________ as controlled chaos, with police, fire trucks and ambulances streaming towards the Pentagon, while thousands of civilians and non-essential military personnel (11) __________ the other way.Authorities have (12) __________ a tight security cordon on the roads approaching the south side of the Pentagon and at least one F-16 fighter jet (13) __________ around the area for nearly an hour.V. Homework:1-4. Terrorists Attack US Military Symbol1. Learn the ten expressions chosen from PASSAGE FOUR.(1) complex [ ❍☐●♏♦] n. 联合体(2) headquarter [ ♒♏♎♦♦☜] n.司令部, 指挥部, 总部(3) tarnish [ ♦⏹♓☞] v. 失去光泽(4) civilian [♦♓♓●☜⏹] adj. 民间的, 民用的(5) evacuate [♓✌◆♏♓♦] v.疏散, 撤出; 排泄(6) alert [☜●☜♦] n.警惕, 警报(7) eyewitness [ ♋✋♦✋♦⏹✋♦] n.目击者, 见证人(8) billow [ ♌♓●☜◆] v. 翻腾，翻滚(9) airborne [ ☪☜♌⏹] adj.空降的，空运的(10) virtually [ ♦☺☜●✋] adv.事实上, 实质上2. Listen to PASSAGE FOUR and answer the following questions.(1) What could the Pentagon symbolize?(2) How many military and civilian workers at Pentagon were safe?(3) What plane was it that struck the Pentagon?.(4) When would the building reopen?.(5) What place does the Pentagon locate close to?。
专业英语大作业优选10篇(英文原文)
杜孟远PILOTING THE SMART GRIDAhmad Faruqui, Ryan Hledik and Sanem Sergici1The transformative power of the smart grid is enormous. It is receiving much consideration frutilities and commissions across North America. Several members of the European UniChina, Japan and other nations are also engaged in the same endeavor.The smart grid has the potential for revolutionizing the way we produce and consume electric but because it contains so many new elements; its core value proposition remains untested.The unanswered questions include:What new services will the smart grid provide customers?Do customers want these new services?Will they respond by changing their energy use patterns?The answers to these questions will help policymakers in federal and state government determine whether the benefits of the smart grid will cover its costs.It is widely understood that the new services enabled by the smart grid will include different rate designs that encourage curtailment of peak loads and make more efficient use of energy. Examples include dynamic pricing and inclining block rates.2These innovative rate designs will be enhanced by various automating technologies such as Energy Orbs, programmable communicating thermostats (PCTs), whole building energy management systems (Auto DR), and in-home displays (IHDs).The smart grid will of course go beyond smart meters and rate design and enable renewable energy resources to be connected to the grid. This will allow optimal use of intermittent resources, such as wind, which often reach their peak generating capacity during off-peak hours. New off-peak loads, such as plug-in hybrid electric vehicles, which reduce overall energy consumption and improve the carbon footprint, will be energized by the smart grid.To address the likely impact of the smart grid on customers, utilities, and society as a whole, it may be necessary to conduct a pilot. When should a pilot be conducted and how should it be conducted? To be useful, a pilot must yield credible results. This requires that the pilot satisfy various validity criteria. These issues form the focus of this paper. We provide examples from several recent pilots that involved dynamic pricing, a key element of the smart gird. The concluding section discusses how a hypothetical company, SMART POWER, should go about designing its own pilot. Should a Pilot be Conducted?3Policymakers should consider implementing a pilot if there is much uncertainty in the cost-benefit analysis of proceeding with full-scale deployment. A powerful method for resolving uncertainty is to assess the value of information that would be generated from a pilot. This point is best illustrated with a case study.California suffered the worst energy crisis in its history in 2001. Most analysts attributed the crisis in part to the lack of demand response in the market design. When prices rose in wholesale markets, there was no incentive for retail customers to lower demand. In the summer of 2002, the California Public Utilities Commission initiated proceedings on demand response, advanced metering, and dynamic pricing. Early in the proceedings, it became clear that the decision to deploy advanced metering was fraught with risk. The deployment would be costly and the benefits uncertain, as they depended on the customers’ price elasticity of demand.龚畅Electricity from the Oceans: Will It Really HappenAnytime Soon?By Doug PeeplesSGN News EditorGovernments and private industry have been casting a wide net to find alternative sources of sustainable power to meet accelerating demand and reduce greenhouse gas emissions. And electric power from ocean waves, tides and currents has been getting a lot more attention —and money — than ever before.But what are the chances that marine and hydrokinetic technologies (let's just call it ocean power to keep it short and sweet) are really going to take their place alongside more mature and relatively well-funded renewable energy sources such as wind and solar to feed the need for more greener power?We can't answer that question to a certainty, but we can round up a lot of the big issues: What's good about it, what's bad and what needs to happen to make ocean power a reality?The Good∙Oceans cover about 70% of the planet, and waves and tides offer a more predictable, reliable source of energy than wind and solar. And energy storage isn't an issue. The oceans are always on.∙ A British company built a large-scale tidal turbine in 2008 that's since been getting good reviews, and several countries have jumped onto the ocean power bandwagon.Globally, according to Pike Research, there are more than 300 ocean power projects"in the works." A New Jersey company has big plans for a pilot buoy project off theOregon coast and much bigger plans for a commercial-scale wave project there.∙ A January report from Pike said ocean power could generate 200 GW of electricity by 2025. A new analysis from Frost & Sullivan pegs global resources at more like2,000 to 4,000 TWh annually. The Frost & Sullivan analysis also anticipates thecommercialization of ocean power within the next 5-10 years as technology improves and production costs drop.∙In the U.S., attitudes of the federal government and private industry are taking a positive tack, too. The DOE and the Interior Department in June signed amemorandum of understanding to collaborate on commercial-scale development of offshore renewable energy projects, including wave power. The DOE has pouredmillions of dollars into hydrokinetic R&D and has put the technological and strategic muscle of its national laboratories behind it.The Bad∙Ocean power is still in the proof-of-concept phase, and initial deployments require unimaginably massive investments. Will investors bet on technologies with nosignificant track record and sky high upfront costs?∙While wave power is more reliable than wind and solar, the actual power in waves fluctuates a lot, as does the state of the oceans in general. Durability is a big issue.Pelamis Wave Power, which operated a highly regarded commercial-scale wave farm in Portugal, shut down its operations last year because of persistent technicalproblems and dwindling financing.∙How will regulations to protect aquatic ecosystems and fisheries evolve? The permitting and siting process for land-based renewable energy projects is complicated enough. The marine environment is more complex, so it seems reasonable thatpermitting and siting for ocean projects will be even more complicated.∙Standardizing technologies, connecting wave power to the electric grid and transmission also present obstacles.That Said, What's It All Mean?Who wouldn’t want to see a new, reliable, secure and green energy source? But even the most optimistic reports and analyses come with heavy disclaimers, most of them pointing at exceptionally high upfront costs and technological nightmares similar to those facing the new deepwater wind farm sector. While the future of ocean power looks a little brighter, it still looks like a long slog to the light at the end of the tunnel.What do YOU think? Will be generating significant amounts of electricity from ocean waves anytime soon ... if ever?甘凯元Radioactive Water Leaking From Crippled Japan Plantby The Associated PressWorkers spray resin on the ground near the reactor buildings to prevent the spread of radioactive substances at the Fukushima Dai-ichi nuclear power plant.April 2, 2011Highly radioactive water was leaking into the sea Saturday from a crack discovered at a nuclear power plant destabilized by last month's earthquake and tsunami, a new setback as frustrated survivors of the disasters complained that Japan's government was paying too much attention to the nuclear crisis.The contaminated water will quickly dissipate into the sea and is not expected to cause any health hazard. Nevertheless, the disturbing discovery points at the unexpected problems that can crop up and continue to hamper technicians trying to control the crisis.Word of the leak came as Prime Minister Naoto Kan toured the town of Rikuzentakata, his first trip to survey damage in one of the dozens of villages, towns and cities slammed by the March 11 tsunami that followed a magnitude 9.0 earthquake."The government has been too focused on the Fukushima power plant rather than the tsunami victims. Both deserve attention," said 35-year-old Megumi Shimanuki, who was visiting her family at a community center converted into a shelter in hard-hit Natori, about 100 miles from Rikuzentakata.The double disaster is believed to have left nearly 25,000 dead — 11,800 confirmed. More than 165,000 are still living in shelters, and tens of thousands more still do not have electricity or running water.Although the government had rushed to provide relief, its attention has been divided by the efforts to stabilize the Fukushima Dai-ichi nuclear plant, which suffered heavy damage and has dragged the country to its worst nuclear crisis since the atomic bombings of Hiroshima and Nagasaki during World War II.The plant's reactors overheated to dangerous levels after electrical pumps — deprived of electricity — failed to circulate water to keep the reactors cool. A series of almost daily problems have led to substantial amount of radiation leaking in the atmosphere, ground and sea.On Saturday, workers discovered an 8-inch long crack in a maintenance pit that was leaking highly radioactive water into the Pacific Ocean, said Japan Nuclear and Industrial Safety Agency spokesman Hidehiko Nishiyama.He said the water contaminated with levels of radioactive iodine far above the legal limit found inside the pit could be one of the sources of recent spikes in radioactivity in sea water."There could be other similar cracks in the area, and we must find them as quickly as possible," he told reporters.Soon after the discovery, the plant's operator, Tokyo Electric Power Co., started filling the pit with cement to seal the crack and prevent more contaminated water from seeping into the ocean.Nuclear safety officials said the crack was likely caused by the quake and may be the source of radioactive iodine that started showing up in the ocean more than a week ago.People living within 12 miles of the plant have been evacuated and the radioactive water will quickly dissipate in the sea, but it was unclear if the leak posed any new danger to workers. People have been uneasy about seafood from the area despite official reassurances that the risk of contamination is low.The cracked pit houses cables for one of the six nuclear reactors, and the concentration of radioactive iodine was the same as in a puddle of contaminated water found outside the reactor earlier in the week. Because of that, officials believe the contaminated water is coming from the same place, though they are not sure where.A nuclear plant worker who fell into the ocean Friday while trying to board a barge carrying water to help cool the plant did not show any immediate signs of being exposed to unsafe levels of radiation, nuclear safety officials said Saturday, but they were waiting for test results to be sure.Radiation worries have compounded the misery for people trying to recover from the tsunami. Kan's visit Saturday to Rikuzentakata did little to alleviate their worries."The government fully supports you until the end," Kan told 250 people at an elementary school serving as an evacuation center. He earlier met with the mayor, whose 38-year-old wife was swept away.He bowed his head for a moment of silence in front of the town hall, one of the few buildings still standing, though its windows are blown out and metal and debris sit tangled out front.Kan also stopped at the sports complex being used as a base camp for nuclear plant workers, who have been hailed as heroes for laboring in dangerous conditions. He had visited the nuclear crisis zone once before, soon after the quake.Workers have been reluctant to talk to the media about what they are experiencing, but one who spent several days at the plant described difficult conditions in an anonymous interview published Saturday in the national Mainichi newspaper.When he was called in mid-March to help restore power at the plant, he said he did not tell his family because he did not want them to worry. But he did tell a friend to notify his parents if he did not return in two weeks."I feel very strongly that there is nobody but us to do this job, and we cannot go home until we finish the work," he said.Early on, the company ran out of full radiation suits, forcing workers to create improvised versions of items such as nylon booties they were supposed to pull over their shoes."But we only put something like plastic garbage bags you can buy at a convenience store and sealed them with masking tape," he said.He said the tsunami littered the area around the plant with dead fish and sharks, and the quake opened holes in the ground that tripped up some workers who could not see through large gas masks. They had to yell at one another to be heard through the masks."It's hard to move while wearing a gas mask," he said. "While working, the gas mask came off several times. Maybe I must have inhaled much radiation."Radiation is also a concern for people living around the plant. In the city of Koriyama, Tadashi and Ritsuko Yanai and their 1-month-old baby have spent the past three weeks in a sports arena converted into a shelter. Baby Kaon, born a week before the quake, has grown accustomed to life there, including frequent radiation screenings, but his parents have not. Their home is fine, but they had to leave because it is six miles from the nuclear plant.Asked if he had anything he would like to say to the prime minister, Tadashi, a32-year-old father, paused to think and then replied: "We want to go home. That's all, we just want to go home."In Natori, where about 1,700 people are living in shelters, others had stronger words for Kan. Toru Sato, 57, lost both his wife and his house in the tsunami and said he was bothered that Kan's visit to the quake zone was so brief about a half day."He's just showing up for an appearance," Sato said. "He should spend time to talk to various people, and listen to what they need."黄松强AEP, ITC Transmission to perform technical study on expanding 765-kV transmission into MichiganCOLUMBUS, Ohio, Nov. 6, 2006 – American Electric Power (NYSE: AEP) has signed a memorandum of understanding (MOU) with ITC Transmission, a subsidiary of ITC Holdings Corp. (ITC), to perform a technical study to evaluate the feasibilityof extending AEP’s 765-kilovolt (kV) transmission infrastructure through Michigan to enhance reliability and support a competitive market of generation supply.The study will explore the merit and benefits of building a 765-kV transmission network in Michigan’s Lower Peninsula that would link to AEP’s 765-kV transmission system in the Midwest. The study will be shared with the Midwest ISO (MISO) and the Michigan Public Servic e Commission’s (MPSC) 21st Century Energy Planning team.The study is projected to be complete in late 2006, in time for it to be shared with the MPSC 21st Century Planning team before they complete their deliberations. The MOU signed with ITC Transmission does not include provisions to build or operate transmission. Any future activities regarding Michigan transmission will be determined after the completion of the study.―Through this agreement, we will work with ITC Transmission to determine the benefits of enhancing the Michigan transmission grid by introducing 765-kV lines, the most robust transmission in the U.S., and linking it to AEP’s 2,100-mile 765-kV transmission network in the Midwest. After the completion of the study, we will provide our analysis to the Michigan Public Service Commission, Midwest ISO and other parties to help them determine the best way to serve Michigan’s future electric reliability needs and support a successful competitive marketplace,‖ said Michael G. Morris, AEP’s chairm an, president and chief executive officer.―ITC Transmission continues in its mission to invest in the transmission infrastructure as a means to improve electric reliability for its customers and lower the overall cost of delivered energy,‖ said Joseph L. Welch, president and chief executive officer of ITC Transmission. ―The transmission grid in Michigan has suffered after a 30-year trend of underinvestment, and we must begin actively looking to implement a long-term solution that will address Michigan’s current electric reliability needs now and for years to come.‖―ITC Transmission, a subsidiary of ITC Holdings Corp. (NYSE: ITC), is the first independently-owned and operated electricity transmission company in the United States. ITC Holdings Corp. is in the business of investing in electricity transmission infrastructure improvements as a means to improve electric reliability, reduce congestion and lower the overall cost of delivered energy. Through its operating subsidiaries, ITC Transmission and METC, it is the only publicly traded company engaged exclusively in the transmission of electricity in the United States. ITC is also the largest independent electric transmission company and the tenth largest electric transmission company in the country based on transmission load served. ITC Transmission and METC operate contiguous, fully regulated, high-voltage systems in Michigan´s Lower Peninsula, an area with a population of approximately 9.8 million people, that transmit electricity to local electricity distribution facilities fromgenerating stations throughout Michigan and surrounding areas. For more information on ITC Holdings Corp., please visit . For more information on ITC Transmission or METC, please visit or , respectively.American Electric Power is one of the largest electric utilities in the United States, delivering electricity to more than 5 million customers in 11 states. AEP ranks among the nation’s largest generators of electricity, owning nearly 36,000 megawatts of generating capacity in the U.S. AEP also owns the nation’s largest electricity transmission system, a nearly 39,000-mile network that includes more 765 kilovolt extra-high voltage transmission lines than all other U.S. transmission systems combined. AEP’s utility units operate as AEP Ohio, AEP Texas, Appalachian Power (in Virginia and West Virginia), AEP Appalachian Power (in Tennessee), Indiana Michigan Power, Kentucky Power, Public Service Company of Oklahoma, and Southwestern Electric Power Company (in Arkansas, Louisiana and east Texas). American Electric Power, based in Columbus, Ohio, is celebrating its 100th anniversary in 2006.杨萌Siemens Residential Surge Protection —Implementing the Right Line of Defense on the Home FrontUnexpected voltage spikes, surges and other electrical disturbances can ruin or severely damage computers, VCRs, televisions, fax machines, scanners and copiers, disrupt satellite signals, degrade the performance of audio/video components, and wreak havoc with telecommunications systems.Because no single device can protect an entire home or office against all electrical surges, the best way to prevent damage is by implementing a systematic, tiered surge protection plan that monitors every possible incoming signal path and protects against internally generated power fluctuations, providing protection at the service entrance and at the point of use.Protection at the point of entryThe first line of defense is protection at the point of entry where electricity,surges and voltage spikes from lightning hits can enter the electrical system. This requires an electrician-installed secondary surge arrestor or transient voltage surge suppressor installed at the service entrance to limit surge voltage by diverting and conducting large surge currents safely to ground. If an AC surge arrestor does its job right, it shields motor-driven appliances like refrigerators, dishwashers, electric washers, and dryers from damage. Additional specialized service entrance protectors can be added to protect cable TV and telephone lines, and minimize damage to TVs and modems. Homeowners also can arrange for installation of branch circuit feeder devices or trips in circuit breaker panels to prevent surges from damaging equipment on specific circuit branches.Protection at the point of useThe second line of defense is the point of use. Here, homeowners can reinforce point-of-entry protection by installing plug-in surge protectors (strips) into grounded wall receptacles where sensitive electronic equipment is located. These plug-in protectors, which generally have much lower limiting voltages than entry protectors, defend against externally and internally generated surges that travel through power, phone, data, and coaxial lines. Plug-in power strips should minimally include AC power protection and appropriate signal line protection and should protect against both catastrophic and small surges. These devices should be installed wherever expensive or sensitive electronic equipment like computers, VCRs, fax machines, PCs with modems, satellite systems, stereo systems, copiers and scanners are located. All types of equipment with signal lines, such as phones, cable TV, and satellites should be equipped with multi-port protectors, which protect signal and AC lines.If you have any questions or are interested in purchasing our surge protection products, please contact us via e-mail or call 1-800-964-4114.胡嘉滨Energy Storage: Can It Replace Transmission?Grid-scale storage offers potential benefits to transmission and distribution systems of utilities in regulated and market environments. These benefits derive from cost reductions due to the time and location shifting of energy for congestion relief, reliability via enhanced stability and outage response, and incremental voltage support—once the storage device and its power electronics are in place. .Between the transmission and distribution systems, at the subtransmission or distribution substation, storage can defer capital expenditures for power transformer upgrades to meet peak load conditions. In remote areas served by radial subtransmission, storage can also be a vehicle for reliability improvement as a way to ride through un-cleared faults on the transmission line(s) that serve the substation.The potential T&D CapEx deferral angle is an interesting area to explore. One example for a substation application is to support power transformer contingency operations during peak load periods that have grown in excess of the N-1 contingency capacity of the station.This potential application, however, suffers from the same barriers today as the transmission congestion relief application:•The planning and operational methodologies are not established•The regulatory process for approval is nonexistent•It, again, crosses the boundary between transmission and distribution regulated functionality and merchant functionality, because it potentially shifts off-peak energy to on-peak delivery.In addition, as this typical substation application is likely to be in the range of 1-10 MW, it may not require centralized storage systems, but rather distributed or utility-scale devices. As previously noted, these could be portable or semi-portable in nature.One More Hurdle … For Now, At LeastAn additional hurdle that needs to be mentioned is costs. One reason multiple roles are applied to a storage device is for a means to create additional revenue that can defer initial cost for the technologies. However, this hurdle needs to be evaluated in the context of an emerging technology and not ―set‖ at current levels.Advanced energy storage technologies are still in a rapid state of evolution and development. Hence, when comparing options, solutions for areas such as CapEx deferral need to be weighed not only against today’s current options, but also with expected prices of future technologies. The intent isn’t to mask cost as a hurdle; rather, there are a number of diffe rent technologies nearing demonstration stages that have potential to alter the current cost of devices. This perceived ―cost‖ hurdle may become a moot point in the near future.Storage is not yet in widespread use to the point that it could serve as a consistent application to defer new transmission. As challenges of siting new transmission continue though, additional modeling of energy storage going forward can help to understand its benefits for a given capacity challenge better.梁诗密A secure energy future requires that we use energy more efficiently and responsibly and improve the performance of the energy delivery system. We launched gridSMART® in 2007 to give customers greater control over their energy usage, increase the efficiency of the electric grid, improve service to our customers and lead us to a new era of energy delivery.From a technology standpoint, gridSMART® incorporates a two-way communications system between AEP and our customers that facilitates the more efficient use of electricity. For example, gridSMART® may allow us to send price signals to customers so they can decide when to run home appliances. It can also allow us to adjust customer thermostats automatically, with their pre-approval, when demand is high and we need to lessen the stress on the electric grid.AEP Ohio is pursuing a comprehensive gridSMART® project involving 110,000 smart meters and distributed grid management technologies on 70 circuits. The $150 million project was funded with a $75 million grant from the DOE, in-kind contributions from vendors and regulatory recovery support from Ohio regulators. The project features smart meters,time-of-use tariffs, home energy use display devices, smart grid-enabled appliances, plug-in electric vehicles, distributed automation equipment, community energy storage devices and a cyber security center.Our most extensive smart meter deployment project is in Texas, where we are installing close to 1 million smart meters. In addition, Indiana Michigan Power Co. (I&M) and Public Service Company of Oklahoma (PSO) are deploying smart grid technology pilots in their states.Our initial goal was to install 5 million smart meters by 2015 throughout the AEP system. Through our early deployments we hope to determine if the expense of the meters is offset by the benefits. We will continue to pursue the deployment of these smart grid technologies where regulators are supportive and there is a proven business case. We believe modernizing the grid is critical to reducing demand and energy consumption, contributing to energy reliability and security, and preparing for the future needs of customers.Get a state-by-state breakdown of gridSMART initiativesWe believe gridSMART® will transform our relationship with our customers and through our current projects we are learning more about how that will occur. For example, we have learned that:The technology that allows us to manage the grid from our back office systems, such as remote operation of the meter and distribution automation equipment, works asexpected. The technology that goes beyond the meter, into the customers’ home, is still evolving.A significant number of customers who participated in the time-of-day rate plan didshift their demand to different times. In a larger scale deployment, this program could provide relief to the distribution systems during peak times.Better system management, fewer crew trips, reduced fuel consumption, better energy theft detection and streamlined billing can create cost savings.When customers agree to the program, we can directly control electric use through wireless technology (e.g. a two-way communicating thermostat) which allows us to raise the temperature in homes to ease stress on the grid and help customers save energy during the cooling season.More education of consumers will be needed in future projects.For more data, please see indicators EU1 through EU12 of AEP's Global Reporting Initiative Electric Utility Sector Supplement.吕思颖Are geothermal power plants safe?For all our hand-wringing over the oil supply, it might shock you to realize that the solution to our dependence on fossil fuels lies right under our feet. In Western states like California, Nevada, Idaho, Alaska and Hawaii, underground pockets of geothermal energy — hot rock, superheated water and steam — can be tapped to generate electricity. According to backers of geothermal technology like Google, this carbon-neutral, inexhaustible energy source could meet 15 percent of America's electricity needs by 2030.Harnessing SteamIn the simplest geothermal power plant, called a dry steam plant, a well is drilled into the rock to tap a steam reservoir. The steam escapes the well under great pressure, which is used to turn a turbine and generate electricity.Since steam deposits aren't as common as hot water and hot rock reserves, the most promising geothermal technology is called a binary-cycle power plant. In this system, hot water from a deep well circulates through a heat exchanger. There, the。
专业英语作业1
《专业英语》作业global corporation全球公司economic boom 经济繁荣Ownership 所有权joint-venture合资企业headquarters 总部Competitive Advantage 竞争优势Entrepreneur企业家equity股权Insurance costs 保险费用bargaining power 议价能力overhead开销Insurance Company 保险公司stock options股票期权consumer appliance 家电消费Insurance contract 保险合同performance-based pay 基础薪酬policy-holder 投保人Commission 佣金personal effects 个人财物natural calamities 自然灾害Decision 决策insurance amount 保险金额insurance coverage 保险保障Venture Capital 风险资本marine coverage 海险salvage charge 救助费用Food chain 食物链general average 共同海损mass production 大规模生产containerization 集装箱distributor 经销商Chain stores 连锁商店phone interview 电话面试vending machine 自动售货机Selling point 卖点billboard 广告牌cinema commercials 影院广告Promotions 促销leaflet 传单poster 海报Search engine 搜索引擎stock prices股票价格Financial crisis 金融危机intellectual capital 智力资本national asset 国家资产Business Model 商业模式Electronic commerce 电子商务Globalization 全球化1、The multinational is big and rich. It often operates in industries which are difficult to enter and of vital national importance, e.g. the computer, chemical and automobile industries. Most important of all, the main objective of the multinational is to organize its activities around the world so as to maximize global profits and global market shares. Each subsidiary is part of an international network of affiliates. These all interact with each other. Each part serves the whole. The center controlling the network—the multinationals’ headquarters—is not under the control of the host government. It is frequently thousands of miles away from these subsidiaries.跨国公司不仅大而且富有。
大三专业英语作业(微生物翻译)
微生物的范围难以界定促使罗杰Dtanier提议，这个领域不仅要从它研究对象的
大小，而且要从它研究的方法技巧等方面来定义。
Add you title
一个微生物学家首先 把一个特定的微生物
A microbiologist usually first isolates a specific microoorganism from a population and then cultures it.
不清楚地生物体的研究，也就是研究微小生物。
Add you title
Its subjects are
viruses,bacteria,many
它研究的对象有病毒，细 菌，各种藻类，菌类和原 生动物。
algae and fungi,and
protozoa.
Add you title
Yet other members of these groups,particularly some of the algae and fungi,are larger and quite visible.
text
text text
余的显微镜使用者----荷
兰的列文虎克
Part one
Add Your Text Leeuwenhoek earned his living as a draper and haberdasher ,but spent much of his spare time
constructing simple microscopes lamo Fracastoro 认为疾病是由看不见得生活生
disease was caused by
invisible living creatures.
- 1、下载文档前请自行甄别文档内容的完整性，平台不提供额外的编辑、内容补充、找答案等附加服务。
- 2、"仅部分预览"的文档,不可在线预览部分如存在完整性等问题,可反馈申请退款(可完整预览的文档不适用该条件!)。
- 3、如文档侵犯您的权益，请联系客服反馈,我们会尽快为您处理(人工客服工作时间：9:00-18:30)。
学期作业题目：我的历史观学院历史学院课程名称专业英语学号20090867 姓名许静指导教师孙艳萍2010 年8 月20 日我的历史观1、我的历史观本身就是一小段历史，但是这段历史并非属于我自己，他主要是其他人的历史，这是因为，作为一名学者，其毕生的工作就是要将自己的那桶水填入那条浩瀚的知识海洋中去，而这条河就是靠无数桶诸如此类的水养育的。
如果我个人的历史观赋予启发性，或确实易懂，我的这种历史观必然在它的起源，发展以及社会和个人背景来呈现。
2、人类思想凝视宇宙的视角多种多样，为什么我是一名历史学家而不是哲学家或者是物理学家？同样的原因可以用来解释为什么我喝茶或咖啡不加糖。
两种习惯由我母亲的影响下在我年少不更的孩童时代已经形成了。
因为我母亲在我之前就是一名历史学家，所以我是一名历史学家，然而同时我一时是我与母亲不属于同样的学派，为什么我没有完全追随我的母亲呢？3、首先，我和我母亲不是一代人。
因此当1914年历史将我们这一代人的脖子掐住之时，我的思想尚未僵固定型。
其次由于与母亲所受的教育相比，我所受的教育更为保守。
我母亲属于英国在现代西方是英国第一代接受大学教育的妇女。
她在西方现代史方面是当代新教育的第一代人。
以英国民族为主要的指导方针。
在那个时期她的儿子进入了老式英国公立学校开始受教育，不管在那里还是在伦敦和牛津，几乎完全是希腊拉丁古典学。
4对于任何一位将要从事历史研究的人来说----特别是对于出生在这些时代的人来说，在我看来，古典教育能使人受益匪浅，作为思想训练的场所，希腊罗马世界的历史有着它显著的优点的。
首先，希腊罗马史不以清晰地呈现在我们脑海里，而且我们不以从整体上来看待，因为这段历史已经终结了。
与之相对比的是我们自己西方世界的历史，是我们仍然没有终结的戏剧，我们不知道喜剧的的结局。
作为我们的临时演员在她那拥挤骚动的舞台上，我们甚至不能从自己的角度观看到当前的全貌。
5其次，希腊罗马这个领域没有大量的信息所阻碍或遮挡。
因此我们能够看到这片森林----这是因为从希腊罗马社会消亡到我们这个社会出现之前的这一段空档期里，树木是出奇的稀疏，另外现存的便于管理的大量资料没有被地方性公国的公文在数量上没有超过西方世界的这样的资料。
在前原子弹时代的数个世纪里，已成吨的大量现存的研究希腊罗马历史的资料不仅在数量上便于管理而且在质量上也是精选的。
这些材料在性质上也是十分均衡的。
在这里，雕像、诗歌和哲学著作的价值要远远高于哪些法律文书和条约文本。
这也在受过希腊罗马史教育的历史学家心中滋生出一种意识；这是由于艺术家和文学家的作品比商人、士兵、政治家的事迹要更能经受住时间的考验，诗人和哲学家要胜过历史学家；然而先知家和圣人又比前面所有人更胜一筹。
借助荷马和修昔底德的美妙词句，阿伽门农和伯里克利的灵魂依然出没于这个世界。
虽然说荷马和修昔底德的著作如今已不再有人阅读，但可以有把握的语言对我们来说几乎难以置信的久远的那个年代人的心目中，基督，佛陀和苏格拉底必将依旧栩栩如生。
6、第三，或许希腊罗马历史最大的优点在于它的事业是全球性的而不是地方性的，可能雅典使斯巴达和罗马的萨莫奈黯然失色，然而雅典在其鼎盛时期成为全希腊的楷模。
同时罗马在她的晚期，希腊罗马世界进入了单一的帝国。
纵观希腊罗马史，统一都是主旋律。
当我一直听这部伟大的交响乐时，我就不再害怕被本国的地方史那单一、古怪的音乐所迷惑。
从前母亲成宿的分期给我讲述本国史时，我母亲那一代人教授历史的助教和教师不仅在英国本土而且在数个西方国家他们都大力提倡对民族史的研究。
并错误地认为这与他们国民的生活更为密切。
因此在某种意义上来说与其它地方史和时代历史相比本国的地方史是更易被他们所了解的历史。
尽管事实上耶稣的巴勒斯坦和柏拉图的希腊比阿尔弗烈德大帝或者伊莉莎白女王时期的英国，维多利亚时代的英国人的生活影响更为强大。
7、然而尽管这样英国历史特殊推崇----这与尊者彼得英国历史之父的精神大相径庭，在这个历史当中人是偶然产生的，维多利亚时代英国人对历史自然无意识的态度是人生活在历史之外的人所持有的态度。
当时的英国人毫无根据地理所当然的认为他自己站在一块陆地上安全依靠在翻滚的湍流之中。
时间之神将没有特权的子民卷走在那正在解放而他自己竟然无法像他认为的那样，特权状态下，维多利亚时代的英国人正用好奇的傲慢但有一丝怜悯，但是没有一丝忧虑感的态度凝视着其他地区或时期不幸的居民在历史洪流中挣扎沉没。
这个宏大的场景与中世纪意大利的一幅图画颇为相似，这幅图画描绘的是：得救者斜靠在天堂的栏杆上，洋洋得意的俯身观看受罚者在地狱里所遭受的苦难与折磨。
查理一世被卷入了历史洪流之中，但是尽管面临着弹劾的威胁，罗伯特沃尔波尔试图没有被卷入洪流当中。
与此同时我们位于高水位线之上，在一个有利的地势上，什么事情也不会降落到我们身上。
或许比我们更落后的同时代人在退潮中仍处于在齐腰深的位置，但是拿对于我们来说意味着什么呢？8、我记得在波斯尼亚危机（1908-09）期间的学期开始，纳米尔教授当时他是贝利奥尔学院的一名本科生，他刚从位于奥地利加利西亚边界的家乡休假回来，用一种装腔作势的表情对贝利奥尔学院的学生讲：哎，奥地利的军队在我父亲的土地上做战斗动员而俄国军队离我们只有半小时之遥。
我们听起来更像来自巧克力士兵的画面，但是对于目光锐利的研究国际问题的中欧观察者缺乏共同的认识，但是我们都不能理解。
发现难以置信的是这些英国大学生没有意识到在距离很近的加利西亚，他们的前程正在被毁灭。
9、三年之后，我沿着伊巴密浓达和费洛佩们的足迹围绕希腊徒步旅行，并聆听餐馆里的谈话，我第一次听说成为爱德华格雷外交政策的存在。
然而即使在当时，我还没有认识到我们俩都一直处在历史之中。
我记得在1913年的一天，当我沿着灰色又平静的北海的萨福克海岸漫步时，历史上的地中海让我的思乡之情由为强烈。
1914年当我正在贝利奥尔学院攻读古典文学的本科生解读修昔底德时世界大战爆发了，我们现在在这个世界的经历是修昔底德在他那时的世界已经经历过的。
我现在用一种全新的观念重新解读他------感知他文字里的意思，感觉他短语背后的含义，直到轮到我进入了这场历史危机我才对这些有所感知，而这危机就是他写作的灵感。
现在看来修昔底德就曾站在这个历史经验的舞台上，事实上他的现在就是我的未来，这使得年代学记录变的毫无意义。
修昔底德之前就已经超出了这一领域。
对于我们所分别达到的水平，他和他同时代的人已经超过了我和我同时代的人在这一领域的历史经验。
这一分法将我的世界称为“现代”而将修昔底德的世界称为“古代的”。
任何年代学都可能说，修昔底德世界和我的世界现在在哲学证明是同代的，并且，如果这是希腊罗马西方文明之间的真实联系，可能并不是为我们所知道的。
那么，难道我们已知的所有文明之间的联系不是同样的吗？10、在我看来这种观察视角，所有文明在哲学意义上都是同时代的。
现代西方自然科学为这种背景提供的支持。
在地质学和宇宙学揭示的时间表上，自我们称之“文明”的人类社会的代表出现已过去了5,6千年，与人的生存相比只是短暂的一瞬，与我们这个星系比起来，只是短暂的一瞬，与太阳系在其中是一粒尘埃的银河相比，只是短暂的一瞬，与整个宇宙比起来，也只是短暂的一瞬。
通过这些不同时间段相比，那么各个文明实际都属于不同阶段。
文明在公元前2000年如希腊罗马；在公元前4000年如古代埃及；在基督开始之后的一千年出现，都属于同时代的文明。
11、从称作文明的人类社会史意义来说，历史就是一组平衡的同时代的新近试验。
大量的具有类似的文章用一种新的规划来解释这样的历史本身：最新大量的尝试去试图超越沉睡了几十万年的原始人类生活的研究水平，在成百上千的时间里原始人类生活明显地处于愚昧状态，至今也有许多偏僻的地区像新几内亚、火地岛的东北部地区没有被具有侵略性的其他人类社会先进部落入侵，同时也没有被灭绝或同化。
与这些发展迅速的部落不同，尽管这仅是新近的事情，那些发展的地区又一次活跃起来。
通过阅读加利福尼亚大学提加尔特教授的文章，现存的使我注意到的各种社会之间的文化水平有着巨大的差异。
这个最大的差别在最近的五六千年信念中产生的。
这是从时间方面来考察宇宙之谜最有成功的地方。
12、是生命使如此高度文明在这么长久的停歇之后，最近是生命又一次加入这么充满活力的运动，向着某些新的未知的社会和精神的目的地。
几乎没有哪个社会叫做文明的历史！是生命使绝大多数人类社会从从未摆脱的麻痹状态中苏醒过来？当1920年的夏天到来时，我的头脑中一直思考着这个问题。
纳米尔教授将东欧的重要性指出给我的是施宾格勒的《西方的没落》一书，当我读着那些充满历史远见的闪烁光芒像萤火虫一样的书页时，我首先感到怀疑的是是否全部的探究在这个问题提出就被施宾格勒解决，这些问题更不要说在我的脑海中完全定型了。
我的主要观点之一是历史研究的最小的可理解的领域是整个社会而不是像现代西方的民族国家或希腊罗马世界任意的割得片断。
我的另一观点是一切叫做人类社会历史在某种意义上说都是平行的同时代的。
并且这两个观点也是施宾格勒体系中的最重要的。
但当我在施宾格勒的著作中寻找我对文明起源的这个问题的答案时，我发现我还有工作去做，因为在这一点上在我看来的观点是毫无启发性和决定论的。
按照他的观点，文明的兴起、发展、没落和灭亡是永远按照一成不变的时间表来进行的，并对这种情况不做任何的解释。
这仅是施宾格勒新发现的自然法则，你必须不加思索地相信他，令人失望地是这种无端的态度似乎与施宾格勒卓越的天才不相称，并在这里我开始意识到民族传统的差异，既然德国的先验论终于失败。
让我们看看英国的经验主义能够做什么。
让我们按要求检验两种选择的可能的解释并看看他们如何经受严峻的考验。
13、种族和环境是俩个主要互相抗衡的论点，这是由所谓的科学的19世纪的历史学家为了解决现存的人类社会的文化的不平等问题而提出的经过试验证明，这两种主张都没能解决问题。
他认为人类不同成员之间在种族上的差别与历史领域的精神水平上的差别是有密切联系的。
这有什么关系呢？如果这种相互关联的存在是为了论证而假定的，那么，为什么几乎所有种族的成员都是一个或一个以上文明的创造者呢？到目前为止，只有黑色人种没有做出明显地贡献，鉴于迄今为止，文明进行试验的时间为时尚短，因此这并不能证明黑人无能。
这有可能是缺乏机遇或缺乏刺激的结果。
说道环境，在尼罗河下游和底格里斯河、幼发拉底河流域在自然环境上有明显相似性，这两个地方分别是埃及文明和苏美尔文明的发祥地，但是如果这些自然条件是文明产生的条件，那么为什么在自然条件相似的约峡谷和格兰德河却没有出现文明，而赤道附近的安第斯山高原产生了安第斯山文明，而非洲肯尼亚山地就没能产生文明呢？这些自然条件科学的客观解释的破产使我转向神学，那么对于这种转变，我感到谦逊和惭愧，就好像倒退了一步，如果我不是对于1814—1818年战争期间由心理学开辟的新天地一无所知的话，我就不会感觉到惭愧了，如果我当时就了解了荣格的著作，他们就会给我提供一些线索，世纪上我是在歌德的《浮士德》里发现的。