新视界大学英语第一册第二单元课文翻译及练习答案

新视界大学英语综合教程

第二单元课文翻译及练习答案

Active Reading

吃火锅

这是一个寒冷的冬夜，我们刚从纽约来，到了这里不过两个小时。我们和朋友一起，在北京一家四川火锅店吃饭。这是个典型的温暖、热闹、充满活力的地方。我回到了中国，感觉非常惬意。一个服务员把火锅放在我们面前，点着了火。我们正研究着里面都放了些什么，那沸腾的蒸汽和调料的味道就冲了上来。迎着火锅的热气，我们兴奋地满脸通红，期待着我们最爱的食物。

其实，并不是每个人都如此。我的男朋友和我一起来的中国，他只会停留很短的一段时间，这是他第一次来中国，我早就承诺带他吃经典的四川菜。他看上去有点迷惑，也许是因为坐飞机累了的缘故吧。

我的一个中国朋友把菜单递给我，让我点菜。服务员端来了几盘生食：有牛肉片、羊肉片、堆得很高的蘑菇，有很多西方人会觉得少见的蔬菜，以及一些很难辨认的小块滑溜的肉。在美国吃这种肉？我们想都不会想。

我给我男朋友解释说，火锅一边的锅底比较清淡，另一边的是辣椒油，里面全是辣椒，必须小心对待。然后我解释如何将各种配菜放到煮沸的锅里，烫熟，在各种调味酱中蘸一下，然后吃掉。

很快，我们都自己动手开始吃了，相互分享最好吃的，同时闲聊我们假期都干了什么。但是，我男朋友的盘子是空的。我看到他夹起一片又一片，每一片都看一看，然后又放回锅里。

我问他：“你找什么呢？”

他看上去很迷茫：“他们是怎么知道哪片是自己放进去的？我怎么才能找到自己放进去的那些呢？”

我们大笑，然后我才意识到他是认真的。

后来，我又看了一眼我男朋友。他非常慢地咀嚼着，筷子停在半空中。他看上去满腹狐疑但脸上又挂着礼貌的微笑。

我问他：“又怎么了？你以前又不是没用过筷子！”

“不是，不是因为这个。我吃到的和我想象的不一样。”

虽然他面带微笑，但我还是能看出来他在想什么。我甚至可以听出来他吃的是什么东西，尽管周围很嘈杂。忽然，我想起了自己第一次在中国吃中餐的感觉。

我跟他解释说：“这不是曼哈顿唐人街的外卖中餐，那种中餐是根据西方人口味作了专门调整的，现在吃的才是真正的中国人吃的真正的中餐！”

我怎么会把他带到这儿来呢？这可是他在中国吃的第一顿饭！我真应该带他去上中餐初级班，就像他以前上中文初级班一样。

现在我在中国，吃真正的中餐已经成为一种习惯。可我第一次来的时候，不管上什么菜，我都硬吞下去，尽管我根本不喜欢吃，为的只是让主人开心而已。对于西方人来说，味道并不是主要的问题。这里大部分菜的味道要么很熟悉，即使不熟悉也不至于难以下咽。问题出在食物给人的感觉。除了猪排和鸡翅之外，大多数西方人只想吃那些能用刀叉分解的食物。他们不想吮食出声，也不想没完没了地咀嚼。

但是，渐渐地，在中国住了几个月后，我意识到我喜欢的是中餐的这种感觉，这也是我在离开中国时所怀念的。现在，中餐已经使我感到贪馋了。

我现在到了中国就像到了自己家一样，但我男朋友第一次吃真正中餐的经历还是吓了我一跳，也让他开始想家了。

Dealing with Unfamiliar Words

④Replace the underlined words with the correct form of the words and expressions in the box.

1. the norm

2. despite

3. plentiful

4. investigated

5. adapted

6. Apart from

7. expectations

8. energetic

9. greedy 10. doubtful

⑤Complete the paragraph with the correct form of the words in the box.

1. chew

2. recall

3. exhausted

4. swallow

5. confused; puzzled / puzzled; confused

6. swear

7. suck

⑥Complete the paragraph with the correct form of the words in the box.

1. appreciate

2. ingredient

3. handle

4. raw

5. plunge

6. identify

7. Dip

8. mild

Language in Use

①Now replace the underlined words with the correct form of the verbs in brackets.

1. They are going to bus us home after the meal.

2. She works in a restaurant and heads a team of seven people.

3. As the manager, he shoulders a lot of responsibilities.

4. Can you text me when you arrive at the restaurant?

5. I’ve already mailed you my reply.

6. About 100 people crowded into the waiting room.

②Now replace the underlined words with the correct form of the words in brackets.

1. boring

2. bored

3. frightened

4. frightening

5. puzzling

6. puzzled

7. tiring

8. tired

③Now rewrite the sentences using with+noun.

1. My hands turned blue because of the cold.

My hands turned blue with the cold.

2. She was screaming because she was so angry.

She was screaming with anger.

3. His eyes lit up because he was so pleased.

His eyes lit up with pleasure.

4. Everything changed as a result of the news that she had passed the test.

Everything changed with the news that she had passed the test.

5. After the arrival of our friends we were able to relax.

With the arrival of our friends we were able to relax.

④Now complete the sentences with the correct form of the verbs using see someone doing something.

1. putting

2. walking

3. waiting

4. burning

5. discussing

6. beating

⑤Now rewrite the sentences using should have done.

1. I didn’t try the soup, but I wish I had.

I should have tried the soup.

2. I ate the fish, but I wish I hadn’t.

I shouldn’t have eaten the fish.

3. I drank a whole bottle of wine. I regret this.

I shouldn’t have drunk a whole bottle of wine.

4. We didn’t order any vegetables, but I wish we had.

We should have ordered some vegetables.

5. I didn’t say goodbye to everyone, which was a mistake.

I should have said goodbye to everyone.

⑥Translate the sentences into Chinese.

1. As we investigate its contents, the bubbling steam and spices rise, and our faces go red with the heat and the expectation of our favorite food.

我们正研究着火锅里面都放了些什么，那沸腾的蒸汽和调料的味道就冲了上来，迎着火锅的热气，我们兴奋得满脸通红，期待着我们最爱的食物。

2. The waitress brings plates of raw food, … as well as some slippery bits of meat which are hard to identify and which we wouldn’t even think of eating in the US.

服务员端来了几盘生食，……以及一些很难辨认的小块滑溜的肉。在美国吃这种肉？我们想都不会想。

3. Then I explain how to plunge the ingredients in the boiling stock, cook them and then dip them in the different sauces before eating.

然后我解释如何将各种配菜放到煮沸的锅里，烫熟，在各种调味酱中蘸一下，然后吃掉。

4. Why did I bring him here, for his first meal in China? I should have taken him to a beginner’s class in Chinese food, as if h e was in a beginner’s class to learn Chinese.

我怎么会把他带到这儿来呢？这可是他在中国吃的第一顿饭！我真应该带他去上中餐初级班，就像他以前上中文初级班一样。

5. However, gradually, over the months I’ve lived in China, I now realize that it’s the feel of the food which I appreciate and which I miss when I’m away.

但是，渐渐地，在中国住了几个月后，我意识到我喜欢的是中餐的这种感觉，这也是我在离开中国时所怀念的。

⑦Translate the sentences into English.

1. 令很多家长感到困惑的是，为什么孩子们对洋快餐那么感兴趣。(puzzle; crazy about) What puzzles many parents is why their kids are so crazy about foreign fast food.

2. 到中国之前，你应该对中国的饮食文化有所了解。(should have done)

Y ou should have learnt something about Chinese food culture before you came to China.

3. 尽管食品安全问题引起了广泛关注，食品安全仍然面临严峻的问题。(despite; safety) Despite all the attention that has been paid to food safety, it still faces serious problems.

4. 除了欣赏美景外，品尝当地的小吃也是一大美事。(apart from; appreciate)

Apart from appreciating the beautiful scenery, tasting some local food is also a great pleasure.

5. 肯德基、麦当劳等洋快餐的出现对中国的传统饮食产生了不小的影响。(influence)

The appearance of foreign fast food such as KFC and McDonald’s has had qu ite an influence on traditional Chinese food.

Further Reading

巧克力

巧克力恐怕是世界上最受欢迎的食物之一。它于16世纪从中美传到了欧洲。它是可可

豆，或者说是可可树的豆子做成的。当时的阿兹特克人将可可豆捣成糊状，再加入天然调味品，让它的味道变得浓烈、刺激，然后做成既提神又营养的饮料。

以前，宗教仪式上会用到它。它极其珍贵，人们甚至用可可豆来纳税。在其历史上的不同时期，巧克力曾经是社会地位或个人财富的象征。在法国，只有国王和王后身边的人才能喝得上；在英国，只有富人才喝得上。

渐渐地，巧克力的味道变了。16世纪早期，西班牙人从殖民地带回了巧克力，当时巧克力还是咸的。直到今天，墨西哥人仍然把巧克力和肉、蔬菜放在一起，做成巧克力辣沙司，这是一种混合了鸡肉的巧克力酱。

但是，到了17世纪，巧克力在欧洲越来越流行，人们在巧克力中加入了糖，趁热饮用。很快，这种饮料就作为昂贵的奢侈品流行起来，人们可以在专门的巧克力屋里享用。在巧克力屋，人们可以交朋友、喝巧克力、谈政治、玩纸牌。

我们如今所熟悉的固体巧克力是在19世纪首次出现的。可可豆被磨成粉末，与液体混合在一起，然后加热，倒入模子，冷却后成形。下一步就是学会如何从可可豆中提取可可油，第一次尝试加工是在1825年。

可可豆被碾压成酱，经高压处理，分离成液态巧克力和可可油。1882年，瑞士人鲁道夫·莲德首先在巧克力中添加了可可油，使之更加柔滑。巧克力被制成条形，可以很容易地掰成块，溶于口中。可可油融化的温度与人体温度是相同的，都是37摄氏度。

世界上最畅销的巧克力是牛奶巧克力，它比黑巧克力更甜、更柔滑，它于19世纪末才出现。1875年，另一位瑞士制造商丹尼尔·彼得完善了巧克力的制作工艺。当时一种浓缩型牛奶——炼乳刚刚问世，它易与可可酱溶合。1956年由美国玛氏公司首次研制生产的德芙巧克力，是目前中国市场上最受欢迎的巧克力。

我们知道，大多数人都喜欢吃巧克力。但是为什么巧克力出奇地畅销呢？又是什么原因使得巧克力令人上瘾，让许多人承认自己是巧克力迷呢？大概有40%的女性和15%的男性承认，他们非常想吃巧克力，尤其是在傍晚和晚上。

他们之中的大部分人承认自己爱吃甜食。现在，科学家认为这种偏好可能是从父母那里遗传而来，而且用小老鼠做的实验也证明了这一点。如果父母爱吃巧克力，那么小孩就会爱吃巧克力。这种基因特性使我们偏爱带甜味的食品。

但是，巧克力之所以畅销，并不只是因为现代巧克力产品中含有大量糖分。如果是糖分的缘故，那么其他含糖的产品也会在我们身上产生相同的效果。我们对其他甜食的渴求与对巧克力的渴求不能同日而语，因为其他甜食无法给予我们同样美好的感觉。

大家也知道，巧克力能够帮助大脑释放某些化学物质，这些物质能够使我们感到愉悦，给我们一种幸福感，类似于我们热恋时的感觉！尽管巧克力中含有大概300种不同的物质，包括矿物质和维生素，但它们如何影响我们的身体，我们并不是很清楚。

Reading and Understanding.

②Check (√) the true statements.

True statements: 2, 4, 6, 8.

③Number the historical facts in order they occur.

5,1,7,9,8,3,4,6,2

Dealing with Unfamiliar Words

④Complete the passage with the correct form of the words and expressions in the box.

1. admit

2. luxuries

3. invented

4. crushed

5. amount

6. process

7. manufactured

8. resist

9. melts

⑤Replace the underlined words with the correct form of the words and expressions in the box.

1. religious

2. release

3. affect

4. properties

5. stimulate

6. inherit

7. thereby

8. pressure

9. an extraordinary

Guided Writing

① 1. usually 2. In fact 3. on the other hand

4. Although

5. from…to

6. What

②6, 2, 7, 1, 3, 8, 5, 4

③Street food in China

Y ou often read that the Chinese are becoming fonder and fonder of Western fast food and eating lots of hamburgers, pizzas and French fries. In fact, the Chinese have been in love with their own sort of fast food for centuries.

There are indeed plenty of McDonald’s and Starbucks restaurants in our city, but look again and you will see far more stalls all around selling hundreds of different types of Chinese street food, convenient and ready to be eaten as you rush along. In the main street in my city, you can eat noodles, tea eggs, pancakes, dumplings, stinky tofu, spring rolls, Chinese bread and many other mouth-watering snacks. What people are fond of is cheap and tasty food they can buy and consume quickly. All that has happened is that we have added some new dishes, like hamburger, to our list.

Extra Writing

Directions:

For this part, you are allowed 30 minutes to write a short passage entitled Recreational Activities. Y ou should write at least 120 words following the outline given below.

1.娱乐活动多种多样

2.娱乐活动可能使人们受益，也可能有危害性

3.作为大学生，我的看法

(Jun. 2008, CET-4, Writing)

Recreational Activities

As the saying goes, “All work no play makes Jack a dull boy”, recreational activities offer people a good chance to relieve themselves of the pressure nowadays. With the development of society and the improvement of people’s living standard, there are more and more kinds of them ranging from Karaoke, dancing, movie-going to online games and sports games.

Undoubtedly recreation is indispensable if we are to remain healthy physically and mentally. They can help us not only make our life more colorful, build our body and mind, but also improve our social and communicative ability as well as make more friends. But like a coin with two sides, recreational activities can also be harmful if undertaken improperly. Indulging in a movie or a game filled with violence and crimes is detrimental to one’s mind, especially to children’s development. Some people are so addicted to those games that they even abandon their study or work.

As a college student, I think that a wise choice and strict self-discipline are necessary. We may have various recreational activities within a certain limit to relax ourselves in spare time. Only in this way can we keep a reasonable balance between work and play.