英语泛读教程3Unit 4
泛读教程第三册cloze答案原文
Unit1. The ability to predict what the writer is going/ about/ trying to say next is both an aid to understanding and a sign of it.A prediction begins from the moment you read the title and from expectations of what he book is likely to contain. Even if the expectations/predictions are contradicted, they are useful because they have started you thinking about the topic and made you actively involved.If you formulate your predictions as questions which you think the text may answer, you are preparing yourself to read for a purpose: to see which of your questions are in fact dealt with and what answers are offered. If your reading is more purposeful you are likely to understand better.Naturally your predictions/expectations will not always be correct. This does not matter at all as long as you recognize when they are wrong, and why. In fact mistaken predictions can tell you the source of misunderstanding and help you to avoid certain false assumptions.Prediction is possible at a number of levels. From the title of the book you can know/foretell the topic and the possibly something about the treatment. From the beginning of the sentences, you can often predict how the sentence will end. Between these extremes, you can predict what will happen next in a story, or how a writer will develop/present his argument, or what methods will be used to test a hypothesis.Because prediction ensures the reader’s active involvement, it is worth training.Unit2. Education is not an end, but a means to an end. In other words, we do not educate children just/only for the purpose of educating them. Our purpose is to fit them for life.In many modern countries it has for some time been fashionable to think that, by free education for all, one can solve all the problems of society and build a perfect nation. But we can already see that free education for all is not enough; we find in some/many countries a far larger number of people with university degrees than there are jobs for them to fill. Because of their degrees, they refuse to do what they think to be "low" work, and, in fact, work with hands is thought to be dirty and shameful in such countries.But we have only to think a moment to see/know/understand that the work of a completely uneducated farmer is far more important than that of a professor. We canlive without education, but we die if we have no food.If no one cleaned our streets and took the rubbish away from our houses, we should get terrible diseases in our towns.In fact, when we say that all of us must be educated to fit ourselves for life, it means that we must be ready/willing/educated/taught to do whatever job suited to our brain and ability, and to realize that all jobs are necessary to society, that is very wrong/incorrect/erroneous to be ashamed of one's work or to scorn someone else’s. Only such a type of education can be called valuable to society.Unit3. Human beings learn to communicate with each other will nonlinguistic means as well as linguistic ways/means/ones. All of us are famil iar with the say it wasn’t what he said; it was the way that he said it when, by using/saying the word way we mean something about the particular vice quality that was in evidence., or the set of a shoulder, or the obvious tension of certain muscles. A message may even be sent by the accompanying tone and gestures, so that each of I’m ready, you are beautiful, and I don’t know where he is can mean the opposite of any such interpretation. Often we have/meet/encounter/experience difficulty in finding exactly what in the communication causes the change of meaning, and any statement we make leads to the source of the gap between the literal meaning of the words and the total message that is likely to be expressed in impressionistic terms. It is likely to refer to some thing like a “glint” in a person’s eyes, or a “threatening” gesture, or “provocative” manner.Unit4.How do the birds find their way on their enormously long journeys The young birds are not taught the road by their parents, because often the parents fly off first. We have no idea how the birds find their way, particularly as many of them fly at/by night, when landmarks could hardly be seen. And other birds migrate over the sea, where there are no landmarks at all. A certain kind of plover, for instance/example, nests in Canada. At the end of the summer these birds migrate from Canada to South America; they fly 2,500 miles, non-stop, over the ocean. Not only is this very long flight an extraordinary feat of endurance, but there are no landmarks on the ocean to guide/direct the birds.It has been suggested that birds can sense the magnetic lines of force stretching from the north to south magnetic pole of the earth, and so direct themselves. But all experiments hitherto made to see whether magnetism has any effect/influence whatsoever on animals have given negative results. Still, where there is such abiological mystery as migration, even improbable experiments are worth trying. It/this was being done in Poland, before the invasion of that country, on the possible influence of magnetism on path-finding. Magnets were attached to the birds’ heads to see if/whether their direction-sense was confused thereby. These unfinished experiments had, of course, to be stopped.Unit5. Man first existed on earth half a million years ago. Then he was little more than an animal; but early man had several big advantages over the animals. He had a large head/brain, he had an upright body, he had clever hands; he had in his brain special groups of nerve cells, not found in animals, that enabled him to invent a language and use it to communicate with his fellow men. The ability to speak was of very great use/value/significance/importance because it was allowed men to share ideas, and to plan together, so that tasks impossible for a single person could be successfully under-taken by intelligent team-work. Speech also enabled ideas to be passed on from generation to generation so that the stock of human knowledge slowly increased.It was these special advantages that put men far ahead of all other living creatures in the struggle for survival/existence. They can use their intelligence handing/overcoming their difficulties and master them.Unit6. Language varies according to sex and occupation. The language of man differs subtly from that of women. Men do not usually use expressions such as “its darling,” and women tend not to swear as extensively as men. Likewise, the language used in addressing men and women differs subtly: we can compliment a man on a new necktie with the compliment/words“what a pretty tie, that is!” but not with “how pretty you look today!” ---- an expression reserved for complimenting a woman. The occupation of a person causes his language to vary, particular in the use he makes of technical terms, that is, in the use he makes of the jargon of his vacation. Soldiers, dentist, hairdressers, mechanics, yachtsmen, and skiers all have their particular special languages. Sometimes the consequence is that such persons have difficulty in communicating with people outside the vacation on professional maters because the technical vocabulary is not understood by all. Although we can relate certain kinds of jargon to levels of occupation and professional training, we must also note that all occupations have some jargon, even these of the criminal underworld. There may well be a more highly developed use of jargon in occupations that require considerable education, in which words, and the concepts they use, aremanipulated rather than objects, for example in the legal and teaching circle/world/field and in the world of finance.Unit7.The space age began on October 4, 1957, when Sputnik I was launched. This first man-made satellite was followed by many others, some of which went around the sun. Now the conquest of the space between the planets, and between the earth and the sun, continues at a rapid rate.Each mew satellite and space probe gives scientists new information. As men explore outer space, some of the questions they have long asked/wondered about will be answered at last.The greatest question of all concerns life itself. Is there intelligent life out side the earth Are there people, or creatures of some sort/kind living on Mars, Venus, or some other planet of the solar system Are there planets orbiting/going/circling around stars other than our sunThe only kind of life we know about would have to be upon a planet. Only a planet would have the temperatures and gas that all living things seem to need. Until a short time ago, we thought there were only a few planets. Today, scientists believe that many stars have planets going around them.We know that there are nine planets in our own solar system-Mercury, Venus, Earth, Mars, Jupiter, Saturn, Uranus, Neptune and Pluto. If any other planets exist in our solar system, or anywhere else, our telescopes are not powerful enough to pick up their feeble reflected light. But astronomers guess that one star in a hundred has at least one planet where life could exist.We are quite sure that life could begin on a young planet. A new plant would be likely to contain great seas, together with heavy clouds of water vapor and other gases. Electric storms would be common. It is possible that simple living cells might from when electricity passed through the clouds. An experiment made in 1952 at the University of Chicago seems to prove this. By passing electricity through nonliving materials, scientist made cells like those of living creatures.Unit8. At the beginning of the nineteenth century the only acceptable roles for women were domestic there was virtually nothing for them to do except stay at home or hire out as maids, governesses, and, before long, teachers. Women were not allowed to own property-in most cases, not even the clothes they wore. A working wife was not allowed to keep her wages but was required to turn them over to her husband. In case of separation or divorce,a woman had no legal claims on her husbandand was not allowed to keep the children. She had to legal status, which meant that she was not permitted to bring suit or to give testimony in courts. Often, she was not permitted to inherit property or to make a will. She was barred from public office and excluded form public life generally. For the most part, women lacked opportunities for education, vocational training, and professional employment. The national consensus was that women belong in the home, and determined efforts were made to see that they stayed there.Unit9. Sydney’s best feature is her harbor. Most Sydneysiders can see at least a glimpse of blue sea from their windows. Nearly everyone lives within an hour from a beach. On weekends sails of all shapes, sizes and colors glide across the water. Watching the yacht races is a favorite Saturday activity.The harbor divides Sydney into north and south sections. The harbor bridge connects the two. It was built in 1932 and cost 20 million.Another Sydney symbol stands on the harbor shore. Sydney’s magnificent opera house celebrated its 20th anniversary last year. Danish designer Jorn Utzon won an international contest with his design. The structure contains several auditoria and theaters. But not all concerts are held in the building. Sunday afternoon concerts on the building’s outer walk attract many listeners.S ydney’s trendy suburb is Paddington. Houses are tightly packed together. Many were first built for Victorian artists. Now fashionable shops, restaurants, arts galleries and interesting people fill the area. The best time to visit is Saturday, when vendors sell everything. So there is one of the world’s most attractive cities --- Sydney, Austrian.Unit 10 Architectural design influences how privacy is a chieved as well as how social contact is made in public places. The concept of privacy is not unique to a particular culture but what it means is culturally determined.People in the United States tend to achieve privacy by physically separating themselves from others. The expression “good fences make good neighbors” is a preference for privacy from neigh bors’ homes. If a family can afford it, each child has his or her own bedroom. When privacy is needed, family members may close their bedroom doors.In some cultures when individuals need privacy, it is acceptable for them simply to look into themselves. That is, they do not need to remove themselves physically from a group in order to achieve privacy.Young American children learn the rule “knock before you enter” which teaches them to respect others’ privacy. Parents, too, often follow this rule prior to entering their children’s rooms. When a bedroom door is closed it may be a(n) sign to others saying, “I need privacy,” “I’m angry,” or “Do not disturb. I’ busy.” For Americans, the physical division of space and the use of architectural features permit a sense of privacy.The way space is used to help the individual to achieve privacy, to build homes or to design cities if culturally influenced. Dr. Hall summarizes the relationship between individuals and their physical surroundings:Man and his extensions constitute one interrelated system. It is a mistake to act as though man was one thing and his house or his cities, or his language wee something else.Unit11. The Library of Congress is the largest library in the world. Its books, pamphlets, documents, manuscripts, official, papers, photographs, and prints amount to some 86 million items---a number that swells day by day----housed on 535 miles of shelves.Congress authorized a library in 1800, which amounted to three thousand books and a few maps when it was destroyed when the British burned the Capitol in 1814. to replace it, Thomas Jefferson sold the government his own library of almost 6500 volumes---the finest in the nation at the time. The collection, again housed in the Capitol, had grown to 55000 when a fire burned more than half of it. In 1866 a portion of the Smithsonian Institution’s library was added to the library of Congress, and in the same year the government entered an international program by which copies of U.S. documents were exchanged for those of other countries. The copyright law of 1870 ensured the library would always be up to date by requiring publishers to send two copies of each book published to the library in order to obtain copyright. By 1870 the collections had outgrown its Capitol quarters. A suggestion to raise the Capitol dome and fill it with bookshelves was rejected, and in 1873 Congress authorized a competition for the design of a library building. A variety of disputes delayed construction for more than a decade, but the library’s Thomas Jefferson Building was finally opened in 1897.Unit12. As a nation, we starting to realize that we can’t solve the solid waste dilemma just by finding new places to put trash. Across the country, many individuals, communities and business have found creative ways to reduce and better manage theirtrash through a coordinated mix of practices that includes source reduction.Simply put source reduction is waste prevention. It includes many actions that reduce the disposal amount and harmfulness of waste created. Source reduction can conserve resources, reduce pollution, and help cut waste disposal and handing costs (it avoids the costs of recycling, landfilling, and combustion).Source reduction is a basic solution to too much garbage: less waste means less of a waste problem. Because source reduction actually prevents the increase of wastein the first place, it comes before other measures that deal with trash after itis already generated. After source reduction, recycling is the preferred waste management option because it reduces the amount of waste going to landfills and conserves resources.Unit13. The first step in helping the patient is to accept and acknowledge his illness. The cause of symptoms must be found, and measures to relieve them and to prevent recurrence must be taken. Thorough examinations are essential. Although the physician may suspect that the illness is due to emotional rather than physical cause, he must search carefully for any evidence of physical disease. It is not unknown for an illness considered psychosomatic to be later diagnosed as cancer or some other disease. The thorough search for physical causes of the symptoms helps to gain the patient’s confidence. He knows that his condition and symptoms are being taken seriously. If no organic basis for his complaints is found, he usually will find this news easier to accept when he knows he has had a thorough examination. Finding no physical cause for the disorder points the way to understanding the patient’s condition. What is the cause Is it emotional stress If so, what kind What are the problems which are upsetting the patientsUnit14. The work of French scientist Jean Baptiste Lamarck (1744-1829) has contributed to the theory of evolution. Lamarck believed that the environment shaped the nature/trait/characteristic of plant and animal life. he believed that the bodies of plants and animals changed/had to fit their environment and a useful physical change would be passed on to the plant’s or animal’s offspring.For example, Lamarck thought that giraffes developed long necks because they had to stretch to get/eat the leaves of tall trees for food. Lamarck didn’t think that giraffes possessed/developed/had long necks all at once, however. He thought that the earliest group of giraffes stretched/lengthened their necks a small amount. Their offspring inherited this longer neck. The offspring then stretched their necksa little bit longer. They passed this even longer neck on to their own offspring. After many generations, giraffes developed the long necks that they have today.Not all of Lamarck’s theory is accepted today. Most scientists do not believe that the environment has a(n)effect/influence on the evolution of life forms. Nut they don’t agree with the notion/idea that a physical change in a plant’s or animal’s body is passed on to the offspring. Instead, they believe that a change must occur in the plant’s or animal’s cells before a change in offspring can take place.Unit15. In a very big city, in which millions of people live and work, fast, frequent means of transportation are of the greatest importance. In London, where most people live long distance/away from their work, all officers, factories and schools would have to choose if the buses, the trains and the Underground stopped work.Originally the London Underground had steam trains which were not very different from other English trains, except that they went along in big holes under the ground in order to keep away from the crowded city above their heads. Steam trains used coal, which filled the underground stations with terrible smoke. As a result, the old trains were taken away, and electric ones put in their place. Now the London Underground is very clean, and the electric trains make faster runs possible.At every Underground station/stop there are maps of all the Underground lines in London, so that it is easy to see how to get wherever one wants to go. Each station has its name written up clearly and in large letters several times, so that one can see when one comes to where one must get out. At some stations one can change to a different underground train, and in some places, such as Piccadilly, there are actually three lines crossing each other. The trains on the three lines are not on the same level, so that there should not be accidents. To change trains, one has to go up or down some stairs to a new level. It would be tiring to have to walk up these stairs/steps, so the stairs are made to move themselves, and all that the people/passengers have to do is to stand and be carried up or down to where they wish. In fact, everything is done to make the Underground fast and efficient. Unit16.Why “grandfather” clock Well, these clocks were passed through the family and s o were always thought of as “grandfather’s clock.” But the first domestic timepieces were hung from a nail on the wall. Unfortunately dust got into the works and even worse children used to swing from the weights and the pendulum.So first the face and works and then the weights and the pendulum were protected by wooden cases. Before long the clock was nearly all case and was stood on the ground/floor and called, not surprisingly, a long-case clock. These “grandfather” clocks were very expensive, made as they were from fine wood, often beautifully carved or decorated with ivory. Famous makers of this period included Thomas Tompion, John Harrison and Edward East, but don’t get too excited if you find that the clock Grandma left you has one of these names on the back. Before you start jumping up and downing and shouting, “we’re rich, we’re rich,” remember that plenty of people before the 20th century had the idea of making cheap clocks/timepieces of famous original and “borrowing” the names of their betters. And don’t forget that the first chiming mechanism wasn’t invented/created/made until 1695, so a chiming clock, however charming it sounds, will date from the 18th century. A fake/false/imitated late 17th century grandfather clock made by East sold recently for just under 20000.Unit17.Suppose you send your child off to the movies for three hours next Sunday. And three hours on Monday and the same number of hours Tuesday, Wednesday, Thursday, Friday, and Saturday. Thus is essentially what is happening to the average child in American today, except it is not the screen in the movie house down the street he sits in front of, it is instead the television set right in your own house. According to the Nielsen Index figures for TV viewing, it is dais that by the time a child graduates from high school he has had 11000 hours of schooling, as opposed to 15000 hours of viewing. I would like to repeat that. By the time the child is 18 years old, he has spent more hours in front of TV than he has in school. Over TV he will have witnessed by that time some 18000 murders and countless highly detailed cases of robbery, arson, bombing, shooting, beatings, forgery, smuggling, and torture---averaging approximately cone per minute in the standard television cartoon for children under the age of ten. In general, seventy-five percent of all network dramatic programs contain violence.Dr. Albert Bandura of Standford University reaches/draws two conclusions about violence on TV: (1) that it tends to reduce the child’s inhibitions aga inst acting in a violent, aggressive manner, and (2) that children will imitate what they see. Dr. Bandura points out that a child won’t necessarily run out and attack the first person he sees after watching violence on the screen, but that, if provoked later on, he may very well put what he has learned into practice.One of the lessons of television is that, violence works. If you have a problem with someone, the school of TV says to slap him in the face, stab him in the back. Because most of the program has shown how well violence has paid off, punishment at the end tends not to have much of an inhibitory effect.。
《泛读教程》_第三册(Unit1~Unit10)
《泛读教程》第三册王守仁(Unit1~Unit10) 参考答案Unit 1Section AWord PretestBCBBBAACCBReading SkillCBCABBAAVocabulary Building1 practicable practice practices practical practiced2worthless worthy worthwhile worth worth3vary variety variation various various4absorbing absorbed absorb absorption absorbent21effective efficient effective2technology technique3middle medium mediumClozegoing expectations questions answers predictions tell know end develop worthSection BTFTT CBCC TFF CAACCASection CFFTFFTTTUnit 2Section AWord PretestABACCABABCCReading SkillCBB FTFFTTVocabulary Building11mess 2preference 3aimlessly 4remarkable 5decisive 6shipment 7fiery 8physically 9action 10housing21aptitude attitude2account counted counted3talent intelligenceClozeother just has some than refuse see that without if ready wrongSection BACCCCCCCACBABASection CCCDDACUnit 3Section AWord PretestABCCBDCDCReading SkillBABCAACBCVocabulary Building1Admission admit admissible admissiblyReliance rely reliable reliablyDefinition define definite definitelyAssumption assume assumed assumedlyBehavior behave behavioral behaviorallyVariety vary various variouslyPart part partial partiallyManager manage managerial manageriallyCorrelation correlate correlative correlativelyAdaptation adapt adaptive adaptively21inspired aspired inspired2token badges token3contemporaries temporary contemporaryClozeCommunicate ways using in of message meet causes meaning to eyesSection BBABBAC FFTTTF CCBSection CBBDDBCCA FFTFFTUnit 4Section AWord PretestCACAABBBCCReading SkillBBACBCCAAVocabulary Building11moist 2betrayal 3exclusively 4inhumane 5amazed 6endangered 7marvels 8deadly21dessert deserted2favourite favorable favorable3awarded reward awardedClozeParents idea at seen landmarks instance migrate guide pole effect it if experimentsSection BCCB FTF BCACCBACCSection CFFTFFFTTFTUnit 5Section AWord PretestCAABCACCCReading SkillCABCB FFTFTTVocabulary Building1Assumption assume assumed assumedly Acknowledgement acknowledge acknowledgedly Reflection reflect reflective reflectively Domination dominate dominant dominantly Category categorize categorical categoricallyImplication imply implicative implicativelyReassurance reassure reassuring reassuringlyDefinition define definite definitely21historical historic2rejected resist3test analyzedClozeExisted over head body found language use single passed ahead survival handlingSection BCABCBB TTTFTT CACSection CBBAAACBCUnit 6Section AWord PretestC ACBABACABABReading SkillCAACACCAVocabulary BuildingAvailability avail available availablyConquest conquer conquering conqueringlyLuxury luxuriate luxurious luxuriouslyOrgin orginate original originallyOccurrence occur occurrentSystem systematize systematical systematicallyPhonology （这个是没有动词形式的）phonological phonologicallyDecision decide decided decidedlyVariety vary various variouslySuperiority （这个是没有动词形式的）superior superiorlyPeculiar particular particularAssess access accessResources source sourcesClozeSex men differs compliment complimenting causes makes languages have outside understood have use circleSection BCBBBACBCCCCBACCBASection CBBCABBACCBUnit 7Section AWord PretestABABCBACReading SkillBBBCCBCBVocabulary BuildingDeduced behavior adhere replacement option delicacy enormous pursuitInquired required inquire requiredCompatible comparable compatible comparableClozeSatellite some space asked life sort orbiting have living were believe own solar where likely living throughSection BFTFFTTTTTFFFBBCACCSection CBCBCCAEDEBAFDCUnit 8Section AWord PretestBCABCBBCCAReading SkillCBABCBCCCCVocabulary BuildingOccupation occupy occupational occupationallySegregation segregate segregated（这个没有副词）Discrimination discriminate discriminating discriminatingly Enforcement enforce enforceable enforceablyExclusion exclude exclusive exclusivelyPerseverance persevere persevering perseveringlyConviction convict convictive convectivelyAmendment amend amendable（这个没有副词）Superficiality superficialize superficial superficially Spectator spectate spectatorial （这个没有副词）Job career jobs careerPrincipal principles principal principleFeminine female feminineClozeAcceptable domestic property wages husband divorce claims legal suit permitted make excluded lacked belonged determined Section BBACCCCACCCAABBACTTFSection CCCAACBUnit 9Section AWord PretestBAABCACBBABCReading SkillCACCBBBBBACBVocabulary BuildingTypifies dominant familial competitive vibrate descended departure boom countless symbolizesRecreation recreates recreationRhythm rhyme rhymes rhythmClozeSea within of divides built celebrated inside attract together whenSection BFTFTTCCBBCBAACCACSection CBAACABCCCCUnit 10Section AWord PretestCABCBBBBABReading SkillCBCACCCABBVocabulary BuildingConsequence（这个没有动词形式）consequent consequently Sophistication sophisticate sophisticated sophisticatedly Reference refer referable referablyConversation converse conversational conversationally Space space spatial spatiallyDetachment detach detachable detachablyIntervention intervene intervening（这个没有副词）Type typify typical typicallyAssure ensure assured ensureArises raised rise raised arisenClue cues clue cueClozeWell separating is own close need look order respect follow prior sign help was elseSection BBBCTTFBCACACTFFSection CTFFTFFFF。
泛读3 unit4生词表与思考题
英语泛读教程3 Unit 4Questions for consideration:(1) Questions for Discussion:①According to James Bentley, why are people living alone among the most difficult cases in medical care in the modern American society? (p.61, para.3)②If an old patient suffering from a serious illness has no family member in charge, what problem will he/she likely have? (page 61, last but one paragraph)③What is Ms. McCabe’s problem? Why does she choose Charlotte Frank as her helper in time of crisis?④How did Barbara manage to get assistance in the process of her medical treatment?⑤Who is Elvia Moran? What illness is she suffering from? How has it affected her health?⑥What good qualities can you find in ms. Martinez? Which quality impresses you mostly? Why?⑦How did Mr. Daykin and Ms. Kaimowits get to know each other? What kind of person was Ms. Kaiowits in Mr. Daykin’s eyes? Why did Mr. Daykin allow her to visit him only once a week when he was in the hospital?Words and Expressions:T ext: Seeking Steady Arm to Lean On1.plight: n. a difficult or distressing situation that is full of problems困境；境况; a solemn pledge offidelity, 誓约v. promise solemnly and formally保证近义词:predicamenteg. His novels and short stories often highlight social injustices and the plight of the poor.通常，他的小说和短篇小说的侧重点是社会的不公和穷人的困境。
泛读教程第三册第四单元
Text study
• 1. What probably does “stiffen” (Line 4, Para.1) mean? • A. became more flexible • B. expanded • C. expired • D. became more harsh
• 2. According to Para.3, which of the following statements is NOT true? • A. Smoking is linked to the deaths of numerous Americans. • B. Smokers was reportedly spending more on health-care because they were richer. • C. I was hardly appreciative toward smoking as a casual pass-time. • D. Smoking can be a threat to non-smokers.
Reading Two
The Way to Save Millions of Lives is to Prevent Smoking
Legal Smoking Age
Bangladesh Mongolia Hong Kong India Macau Malaysia Singapore Taiwan South Korea Japan
15 16 18 18 18 18 18 18 19 20
preventable Vocabulary deied up international essential supporters disincentive
英语泛读教程3第三版 课文翻译(Text1--1-7单元)
UNIT 1 创造性思维的艺术约翰·阿代尔创造性对人类发展至美重要。
下面的文章里，约翰·阿代尔为求实的创造性思维者提供了一些颇有见地的见解和技巧。
创造性思维在今天的重要性不需要强调。
在你的职业中或工作领域,如果你能够发展提出新思想的能力,你就有竞争优势。
在你的个人生活中，创造性思维也能将你带上创新活动之路。
它可以丰富你的人生,尽管并非总是以你期待的方式。
人类创造力人类不可能凭空创造东西。
有一次，一位来宾极为仔细地参观了亨利·福特的汽车公司，然后见到了福特。
来宾心中充满了惊奇和崇敬，他对这位实业家说:“福特先生，25年前起家时几乎一无所有的人，不可能实现这一切。
”福特回答说，“这个说法可不太对。
每个人都是靠所有拥有的东西来起家。
这里什么都有——所需要的一切,它们的基本点和实质性的东西都已存在。
”潜在的材料，也就是可以做成或建构成某种东西的元素之成分或者实质的材料，都已存在于我们的宇宙。
你可能已经注意到,我们倾向于将创造性这个词用在与使用的原材料很不一样的产品上。
鲁宾斯的一幅名作，就是蓝色、红色、黄色和绿色的蠕虫般颜料在艺术家画板上的集合。
物质材料，对艺术家来说是颜料和画布;对作家来说是纸和笔——完全是次要的。
这里的创造，更多的是在大脑之中。
感知、思想和感觉都在一种观念或想象中结合起来。
当然，艺术家、作家或作曲家还需要使用技巧和技术，在画布或纸上把头脑中构想出来的东西塑造成型。
和普通意义上的创造性一样，创造性思维遵循同样的原则。
我们的创造性想象必须有可以加工的对象。
我们不能凭空产生新的思想。
如上面福特所说的那样，原材料都在那里。
有创造力的大脑在原材料中看到可能性和相关性,而创造力不强的大脑却看不到。
这一结论让我们大大地松了一口气。
你不用凭空构想新的想法。
作为创造性思维者,你的任务是将已经存在的想法或元素组合在一起。
如果最终把人们从未想过可以联系起来的想法或事物，用看似不可能却很有价值的方式组合起来，那人们就会认为你是创造性思维者。
英语泛读教程第三版3(主编刘乃银)Extra Passage 4
英语泛读教程第三版3（主编刘乃银）Extra Passage 4 Let us out from a fact. The same type of civilizations, or to use a more exact ,although more extended expression , the same society, has hot always inhabited the earth. The human race as a whole has grown, has developed, has matured, like one of ourselves. It was once a child, it was once man; we are now looking on at its impressive old age. Before the epoch which modern society has dubbed “ancient”there was another epoch which the ancient called “fabulous” but which it would be more accurate to call “primitive”. Observe then three great successive orders of things in civilization, from its origin down to our days. Now, as poetry is always superposed upon society, we propose to try to demonstrate, from the from of its society, what the character of the poetry must have been in those three great ages of the would primitive times, ancient times, modern times.In primitive times, when man awakes in a world that is newly created, poetry awakes with him. In the face of the marvelous things that dazzle him, his first speech is a hymn simply. He is still, so close to God that all his thoughts are joyful, all his dreams are visions. The earth is still almost deserted. There are families, but no nations; patriarchs, but no kings. Each race exist at its own pleasure; no property, no laws, no conventions, no wars. Everything belongs to each and to all. Society is community. Man is restrained in nought. He leads that nomadic pastoral life with which all civilization begin, and which is so well adapted to solitary contemplation, to fanciful reverie. He follows every suggestion, he goes hither and thither, at random. His thought, like his life, resembles a cloud that changes its shape and its direction according to the wind that drives it. Such is the first man, such is the first port. He is young; he is cynical. Prayer is his sole religion, the ode is his only form of poetry.This ode, this poem of primitive times, is Genesis.By slow degrees, however, this youth of the world pass away. All the spheres progress; the tribe becomes a nation. Each of these groups of men camps about a common center, ang kingdoms appear. The social instinct succeeds the nomadic instinct. The camp gives place these states of nations; the pastoral staff has already assumed the shape of a scepter. Everything tends to become stationary and fixed. Religion takes on a definite shape; prayer is governed by rites; dogma sets bunds to worship. Thus the priest and king share the paternity of the people; thus theocratic society succeeds the patriarchal community.Meanwhile the nations are beginning to be packed too closely on the earth’s surface. They annoy and jostle one another; hence the clash of empires-war. They overflow upon another; hence the migrations of nations-voyages. Poetry reflects these momentous events; from ideas it proceeds to things. It sing of ages, of nations of empires…1.In the above passage the primitive period is equated with the period called____.A. fabulousB. ancientC. medievalD. modern2. War, the author believes, results primarily from____.A. rule by kingB. patriarchal jealousiesC. the existence of a theocratic stateD. large, closely packed population3. The author draws an analogy between the growth of peoples into nation-states and the ____.A. development of poetic verse fromB. books of the Old TestamentC. great epochs in historyD. maturation of the human being from childhood to maturity4.Because of its unique character, a great interpreter of the periods of historyis_______.A.the national historianB. B poetryC. the biblical prophetD. storytellingKey: ADDB。
英语泛读教程3__课文翻译
UNIT3打破魔术的气泡如今心理学家们认识到魔术师对人们如何感知世界了解甚多。
Alok Jha发现了观众是如何让自己受骗的。
人们首先感到的是震惊，略带点不信任。
接下来的一刻是惊叹。
然后，一阵很大的骚乱扭曲了大家的理智，你已经上当了。
你无法抗拒一个好的魔术的影响。
从Houdini的惊天逃生和Derron Brown虚幻的精神欺骗，再到儿童聚会上的魔术表演，无人能抵抗魔术的魅力“魔术由来已久，并与时俱进。
”来自Hertfordshire大学的心理学教授Richard Wiseman说，“一个魔术结束时，你在看的大都是一些专业技术效果。
我想心理学家们从这点可以学到很多。
但是，心理学家并不满足于欣赏魔术，现在正利用魔术对心智的影响揭秘我们如何处理涌入大脑的感官信息的洪流，以及如何将其加工成属于现实世界而又来自精神世界的画面。
魔术是一种欺骗，是对精神世界中有序画面的扰乱——物体好像漂浮在半空中，硬币或者纸牌在眼前消失。
如今科学家们相信，通过详细描绘出我们的心智是如何被欺骗的，甚至可以解开意识本身的一些奥秘。
“在过去的5年里，当我们看到诸如对变化视而不见之类的事情以及又一事实，即意识来自真实的构建，也甚至可以来自错觉的误导时，我们做了反省。
”身为技艺精湛的魔术师并为Magic Circle（魔术圈）成员的Wiseman说，“现今人们意识到了魔术师做的事非常特别。
”一些现代心理学的创始人曾对魔术师颇有兴趣：在19世纪90年代，现代IQ测试的发明者Alfred Binet和Max Dessoir 记录了关于魔术师们如何利用暗示和注意力转移让那些错觉发挥作用的方式。
1986年，Joseph Jastow在《科学》杂志上发表了关于当时大魔术师们的一些魔术使用的手法的文章。
但这些文章只是描述了魔术师所做的，无力解释为什么魔术会对观众产生这样的影响。
结果，人们对研究魔术中的心理学的兴趣消失了近一个世纪。
但是，正如Wiseman所说，这一兴趣正在全力复兴。
英语泛读教程3
Extensive reading 3unit 2Para4: Sympathy or admiration for artistic skill are felt to be stronger than laughter.Para5: Like a sense of humor, sportsmanship is an English ideal which not all Englishmen live up to.English school boys often show this sense of sportsmanship to a surprisingly high degree in their relations with each other.同情心或对艺术技巧的崇敬比嘲笑的份量重的多。
如幽默感一样，运动员精神是英国式的理想，这一点并不是所有的英国人都做得到。
英国小学生在互相交往中往往把这种运动精神演绎的淋漓尽致。
Para 6: when the request is granted, and at any time when you are receiving something, however obviously you are entitled to it, you are always expected to s ay ”Thank you”.Para 7: British people do not readily ask each other to do anything that would involve real inconvenience.Para 10: more…than…Thus, “we need some young blood” i s often heard in organizations where the energy and modern methods of younger men are felt to be more likely to succeed than the long but partly irrelevant experience of older ones.当你的要求被满足或者收到任何礼物，不管你怎样当之无愧，你也应该说谢谢。
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Anwar Sadat Assassinated at Cairo Military Review CAIRO, October 7 --- Egyptian President Anwar Sadat, a modern-day pharaoh who attempted to lead the Arab world toward a permanent peace with Israel, was assassinated yesterday by a band of soldiers who attacked a military parade reviewing stand with automatic rifles and hand grenade.
3. The Quotation Lead It is used to summarize the story, and is directly attributably to certain sources. Eg. “To get ahead in journalism, you have to do a little more than people expect of you.” This is the advice Lantern Spring Quarter editor-in-chief Ron Shafes gave freshman journalism students today.
Eg: Mrs. Myra Webb, who was told by the doctors that she would never hear again, lived for 6 years in a world of silence. But yesterday, she heard a blackbird sing in the garden of her home at Brighton, Sussex. “My Hearing is coming back and it’s wonderful.” she said. Mrs. Webb, 26, claims to be the woman in Britain to have her hearing restored by acupuncture, the needle therapy widely practised in China.
“The lead is by far the most difficult portion of the story to write. More than half of the news writer’s allotted time is often spent seeking for the right lead. ”(Nancy Barr Mavity) When reading a newspaper lead sentence, try to find the subject and main verb and note how the rest of sentence adds information to the subject and main verb.
Reading Skill---Finding the Main Idea (Unit 1-5)
Linguistic Features A great deal of information is included in a single sentence. The writer has organized the sentence around the subject and main verb very carefully. The lead sentence usually does the following: * Answers questions such as ‘Who?’, ‘What?’, ‘Where?’, ‘When’, and ‘Result?’. This information resides in the main clause.
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4. The Question Lead It is used when the story concerns a problem of public interest or a matter that is likely to provoke debate among readers. Who are the Women? Why do some people say that AIDS is a disease that only affects ‘fags’ and ‘junkies’? Why should women flight to this end crisis, care for people with AIDS or build an AIDS activist movement if it has nothing to do with us?
8. The Historical and Literary-Allusion Lead It draw on some character or event in history or literature in relation to the current event or person in the news. Eg. It may seem carrying coal to Newcastle, but the Chicago Zoological Park at Brookfield is sending a supply of alligator (美洲鳄) to Diorida.
5. The Suspended-Interest Lead It keeps the readers in suspense and encourages them continue reading Eg. In China it called ganbei, literally, ‘dry your glass’, an Oriental bottoms-up. In their first big effort in Olympic Games, the Chinese people had many chances to ganbei. They won 15 golden medals, 8 silver and 9 bronze…
*Adds background to help you better understand the story or * Sates where the source of the story comes from If you can find the subject, the main verb and how the other part of the sentence add information to them, you have a good start toward understanding the lead sentence and whole story.
7. The Figurative Lead It contains a figure of speech or is written figuratively. Eg. Jack Frost(霜；严寒) made its belated appearance this winter as Shanghai tasted the first bitterness of freezing cold yesterday after a long warm spell.
6. The Personal Lead The first or second person is sometimes used to narrow the gap between the reader and the reporter. Eg. Do your palms sweat when you have to give a speech or otherwise to perform in the public? Does your heart pound? Do you get butterflies in your stomach? That is the stage fright.
2. The When Lead Midnight tonight is the deadline for filing your federal income tax return(所得税申报表). Type 2 The Delayed Lead It tends to rely heavily on suspended interest although it may answer one or more of Ws. It may have more attraction for the reader because of its novelty, liveliness and literary tinge. There are different kinds of delayed lead commonly used in modern newspaper.
1. The Descriptive Lead It gives a vivid picture of a person, a place or thing. It usually creates an atmosphere to attract a reader. Eg: Xishuangbanna, a place of jungle, elephants, peacocks and colorful consumes as well as music and dance, is known as the ‘green gem’ of Southwest China’s Yunnan Province 2. The Contrast Lead It reaches for the reader’s attention by comparing the extremes.