英语科技论文写作
英语科技论文写作(一)
作业
• 结合你导师给定的课题查文献，列出相关 的文献：中、英文综述文章，中、英文博 士硕士论文、权威书籍、重要杂志文献。 • 查相关的专利、国内外目前开展的项目。
如何写科技学术论文
如何写英语科技学术论文
四川大学制造学院苏真伟教授
Brief CV of Zhenwei Su
• 2004-2009: Sichuan University, professor • 1997-2004: UK Universities visiting scholar,post-doc, research fellow • 1982-1997: Sichuan University, PhD, lecturer, associate professor • 1978-1982: Xian Jiaotong University, Mechanical Engineering Department • 1970-1978: Farmer or worker in Sichuan
如何了解我所在领域最具影响力 的研究人员?
如何选择合适的期刊发表论文？
当我们完成了某项研究之后，通常需要选 择一个合适的途径发表自己的研究成果， 那么怎样找到最合适自己研究领域的期刊 发表发表论文呢？您可以利用Web of Science数据库的检索结果分析功能 (Analyze)来解决这一问题。
眼睛犀利， 才能飞得高！
为什么要阅读文献
我们很多的时候，闷在实验室闭门 造车，实在不如稍抽出一点时间看看 文献。 我的大老板说，要想有成绩，别无 他法，只有读，读，大量的读文献， 尤其国外的。
主要的信息源
• 学术期刊（中文、英文） • 博士、硕士论文（中文、英文） • 学术网站（中文、英文） • 专利网站（中文、英文） • 书籍（中文、英文） 对低级研究人员：中文第一 对高级研究人员：英文第一
中英文科技论文写作教程
中英文科技论文写作教程标题一、英文文章标题（Title）的结构：1.完整句子作为题目，这是一种常见的结构，尤其在报刊中常用：Fuzhou Strives for Better Exports（由于是题目，在句尾不能用句号）2.名词+动词不定式结构：这种结构表示将来，因在题目中一般不用will或shallThe Chinese Communist Party to Hold Its 18th Congress3.名词或名词短语+过去分词。
这种结构常用于报道已做过的事情.Capital International Airport Enlarged.北京国际机场扩建4.现代分词短语结构。
Visiting a Friend on a Snowy Night5.介绍短语结构In Memory of ….6.名词或名词短语+介词短语结构Home for the Sailors7.以动词原形开始的短语结构，这种结构常用于带有号召性的题目中。
Server the People8.名词或名词短语结构，例如A small Green City二、注意题目字母的大小写问题1. 题目中除介词、冠词、和连接词的字母全部小写外，其它的词的第一个字母要大写（介词和冠词在题目开头时第一个字母也要大写）My Family and Myself2.题目中全部字母大写，这种形式大多用于书籍封面上的题目，例如：上海简介A BRIEF INTRODUCTION TO SHANGHAI3.题目第一个词的第一个字母大写外，其它字母一律小写，但遇到专门名词时，该词的第一个字母仍须大写，现在报纸上的题目大都采用这种形式，主要是便于排版。
中国体操选手夺得七枚金牌Chinese gymnasts sweep away seven gold medals三．在英语文章题目中，冠词常可省略，例如美国总统在西方U.S. President in West四、英文文题的一般性原则*文题应准确而清晰反映文章的内容和重点。
科技论文写作英语写作
Research Reports for Business and Technical WritingWayneLosanoA surprising amount of one's time as a student and professional is spent reporting the results of one's research projects for presentation to teachers, managers, and clients. Indeed, without basic research skills and the ability to present research results clearly and completely, an individual will encounter many obstacles inschool and onthejob.The need for some research-writingability isfelt nearly equally by college students in all fields, engineering and science as well as business and the humanities.Graduate study oftenmakes great demands onthe student's research-writingskills,and most professions continue the demand;education, advertising and marketing, economics and accounting, science and engineering, psychology, anthropology, the arts, and agriculture may all require regular reporting of research data.ELEMENTS OF THE RESEARCH PAPERThe standard researchreport,regardless of the field or the intended reader,contains four major sections. These sections may be broken down into a variety of subsections, and they may be arranged in a variety of ways, but they regularly make up the core of the report.Problem Section. The first required section of a research report is the statement of the problem with which the research project is concerned.This sectionrequires a precise statement of the underlyingquestionwhichtheresearcher has set out to answer. In this same section there should be anexplanation of the significance - social, economic, medical, psychological, educational,etc.-of the question;inother words,why the investigationwas worth conducting. Thus, if we set out, for example, to answer the question "What is the effect of regular consumption of fast foods on the health of the American teenager?" we must explain that the question is thought to have significant relevance tothe healthof this segment of the'populationandmight leadtosomesort of regulations on such foods.A frequent subsection of this problem section is a review of past research on the topic being investigated. This would consist of summaries of the contributions of previous researchers tothe questionunder considerationwithsome assessmentof the value of these contributions. This subsection has rhetorical usefulness inthat it enhances the credibility of the researcher by indicating that the data presented is based ona thoroughknowledge of what has beendone inthe fieldand, possibly, grows out of some investigative tradition.Procedures Section. The second major sectionof the researchreport details,with as much data as possible, exactly how the study was carried out. This section includes descriptionof any necessary equipment,how the subjects were selectedifsubjects were used, what statistical technique was used to evaluate the significance of the findings, how many observations were made and when, etc. An investigationof the relative effectiveness of various swim-strokes would have todetail the number of swimmers tested, the nature of the tests conducted, theexperience of the swimmers, the weather conditions at the time of the tests, andany other factors that contributed to the overall experiment. The goal of the procedures section is to allow the reader to duplicate the experiment if such were desired to confirm, or refute, your findings.Results Section. The third, and perhaps most important, section of the research report is the presentation of the results obtained from the investigation. The basic rule inthis sectionis to give all data relevant to the researchquestioninitially asked. Although, of course, one's natural tendency might be to suppressany findings which do not in some way support one's hypothesis, such dishonesty is antithetical to good research reporting in any field. If the experiments undertaken fail to prove anything, if the data was inadequate or contrary to expectations, the report should be honestly writtenand as complete as possible,just as it would be if the hypothesis were totally proven by the research.Discussion Section . The final required section of a research report is a discussion of the results obtained and a statement of any conclusions which may be drawnfromthose results. Of primary interestinbusiness andtechnical researchreports is the validity of the results as the bases for company decisions: Will ourplanned construction project meet federal environmental guidelines and beapproved for building? Will this new program attract skilled personnel to our werethey validly obtained, arethey completeor limited, arethey applicableover awiderangeof circumstances? Thediscussion section should also point out what discussion section of theresearch report must evaluatetheresearch results fully:Thus, the company? Will this new oil recovery technique be financially feasible?questions remain unansweredandperhaps suggest directions for further research.STYLE OF RESEARCH REPORTSResearch reports are considered formal professional communication. As such, thereis li t leemphasis ona lively style,although,of course,thereis noobjectiontowriting that is pleasing and interesting. The primary goals of professional communication are accuracy, clarity, and completeness. The rough draft of any researchreport shouldbe editedtoensure that all data is correctly presented,thatall equipmentis listed,thatall results areproperly detailed.As anaidtothereader,headings indicating at least the major sections of the report should be used, and all data should be presented under the proper headings. In addition to their function of suggesting to the reader the contents of each section, headings enhance the formal appearance and professional quality of the report, increase to some degree the writer's credibility by reflecting a logical and methodical approach to the reporting process, and eliminate the need for wordy transitional devices between sections.Researchdata should be presented ina way that places proper emphasis onmajor aspects of the project.For different readers different aspects will take on different degrees of importance, and some consideration should be given to structuringresearchreports differently for different audiences.Management,forexample,will be most concerned withthe results of a researchproject,and thusthe results section should be emphasized, probably by presenting it immediately after the problemsection and before the procedures section.Other researcherswould be most interested in the procedures section, and this should be highlighted in writing up research projects for publication in professional journals or for presentation at professional conferences. For non-technical readers and federal agencies, the implications of the results might be the most important consideration, and emphasis should be placed on the discussion of the report for this readership.For additional clarity and emphasis, major results should be presented in a visual format - tables, charts, graphs, diagrams - as well as in a verbal one.Beyond checking the report for clarity and accuracy in the presentation of technical data,the author of a researchreport shouldreview for basic grammaticaland mechanical accuracy. Short sentences are preferable to long in the presentation of complex information. Listings should be used to break up long passages of prose and to emphasize information.The research writer should try to use the simplest possible language without sacrificing the professional quality of the report. Although specialized terms can be used, pretentious jargon should be avoided.A finishedre115searchreportshouldbe a readable anduseful documentprepared with the reader in mind.CONCLUSIONAlthough we struggle with research reports in high school, dread them in college, and are often burdened by them in our professional lives, learning to live comfortably withthemis a relatively easy task.A positive attitude(i.e.,one thatsees the oral or written presentation of research results as of equal importance to the data-gatheringprocess);anorderly approachwhichincludes prewriting(i.e.,before any actual researchis done,the researcher shouldtry togetdownonpaperas much about the subject under investigation as possible) and a formal research reportstructure as the framework for the investigation;anda reasonable approachto the actual writingprocess includingeditingfor accuracy and clarity,will helpone to produce effective research reports efficiently.。
英文科技论文写作技巧大全
英文科技论文写作技巧大全英文科技论文的基本格式•Title•Author(s)•Affiliation(s) and address(es) •Abstract•Keywords•Introduction •Experimental •Results and discussion •Conclusion (Summary;Concluding remarks) •Appendix (Abbreviation)•Acknowledgement •References2.基本要求（1）Title长短适中，概括性强，重点突出，一目了然。
（2）Author(s)姓氏和名字要容易弄清楚，以免发生以名代姓。
（3）Affiliation(s) and address(es)准确清楚，使读者能按所列信息顺利地与作者联系。
（4）Abstract不宜太详尽，也不宜太简短，应将论文的研究体系、主要方法、重要发现、主要结论等，简明扼要地加以概括。
不要将结论与提要重复使用。
（5）Introduction说明本研究的目的意义。
归纳与本研究密切相关的前人研究结果及有关文献，指出本研究与前人研究的不同之处。
说明本论文要解决的问题及方法、手段等。
不宜将本论文的结果在“绪论”中叙述。
（6）Experimental叙述主要的实验过程、方法、仪器设备、试剂来源及规格等。
不宜将实验结果在“实验部分”中叙述。
（7）Results and discussion是论文的核心部分，要求：–数据及图表的内容及含义交代清楚，有条理；–对数据及现象的归纳、演绎、解释、立论要有逻辑性、自洽性。
–语句要准确、流畅、多样化，不宜重复使用相同的句型和词汇。
（8）Conclusion (Summary, Concluding remarks)简明扼要地归纳出本论文的新发现、新观点、新理论等。
不宜将“结果及讨论”部分的语句直接抄录作为结论。
（9）References要按所投杂志规定的格式准确书写。
英语科技论文写作——标题写作规则
2.Medicina and Noto VLBI Radiotelescopes: gravitational deformations evaluated with
terrestrial laser scanning
（Medicina和Noto的VLBI射电望远镜:地基激光扫描评估重力变形）
From: W W
3.A survey on object detection in optical remote sensing images
（光学遥感图像目标检测研究综述）
From: Z LFra bibliotek4.Backend and Frontend Strategies for Deployment of WebGIS Services
（Hillbert瞬时频率估计的改进方法）
尽量使用术语表达有关概念
慎重使用缩略语
• 可能有多个解释的缩略语，必须在括号里注明全称 • 全称较长的，已得到科技界公认的缩写可直接使用
如GPS(Global Positioning System), GIS(Geographic Information System),
（全球离散格网系统索引方法的分类与转换）
From: Z J
2.Gravity Deformation Measurements of NASA’s Deep Space Network 70-Meter Reflector
Antennas
（美国宇航局70米深空网络反射面天线重力变形测量）
From: W W
From: W W
3.ImageNet Classification with Deep Convolutional Neural Networks
英语科技类作文范文
英语科技类作文范文English:In the realm of technology, innovations have vastly improved our daily lives, changing the way we communicate, work, and interact with the world. The rapid advancements in artificial intelligence, virtual reality, and automation have led to more efficient and convenient ways of completing tasks. For instance, the rise of smart devices like smartphones and virtual assistants has made information accessible at our fingertips, enabling us to stay connected and informed. Moreover, technological breakthroughs in healthcare have revolutionized the medical field, from precision medicine to robotic surgeries, enhancing patient care and outcomes. In addition, the integration of technology in education has transformed traditional teaching methods, providing interactive learning experiences and personalized instruction for students. As we continue to push the boundaries of technology, the future holds endless possibilities for further innovation and progress.Translated content:在科技领域，创新大大改善了我们的日常生活，改变了我们与世界沟通、工作和互动的方式。
英语科技论文写作Unit 4
– Use your own words wherever possible. – Avoid including opinions, examples, details and explanations. Do not use such phrases as “as noted in …”, “as shown by …” or “for example, …”. – Eliminate references to tables, figures, or sources found in the references list of the original paper. – Write concise, straightforward English; count every word. – Your abstract must be completely independent of the paper.
– It is an effective practice in preparing your abstract. This is especially important for a descriptive (or
indicative) abstract.
“5 Steps” for Abstract Writing
Likely Mistakes/Common Errors
• Mixed Writing Style
– In this paper, we have given a reason that is why the competitive ability of the national firms is weak. Because the non-national firms can get very cheap labor, under the same technical and economical conditions and the same cost, a non-national firm can produce more output than a national firm does, so it can get much more profit. In this way, the competitive ability of the non-national firm is stronger than the national firms.
英文科技论文写作的一些要点
科技英语论文的写作要点总体原则（3C）：Correct (正确)，Clear (清楚)；Concise (简洁)。
1 论文题名1.1 基本要求(1) 准确(Accuracy)。
题名要准确地反映论文的内容。
作为论文的“标签”，题名既不能过于空泛和一般化，也不宜过于烦琐，使人得不出鲜明的印象。
如果题名中无吸引读者的信息，或写得不堪理解。
为确保题名的含义准确，应尽量避免使用非定量的、含义不明的词，如"rapid"，"new"等；并力求用词具有专指性，如"a vanadium-iron alloy"明显优于"a magnetic alloy"。
(2) 简洁(Brevity)。
题名需用词简短、明了，以最少的文字概括尽可能多的内容。
题名最好不超过10 ~ 12个单词，或100个英文字符（含空格和标点），如若能用一行文字表达，就尽量不要用2 行（超过2行有可能会削弱读者的印象）。
在内容层次很多的情况下，如果难以简短化，最好采用主、副题名相结合的方法，如：Importance of replication in microarray gene expression studies: statistical methods and evidence from repetitive CDNA hybridizations (Proc Natl Acad Sci USA, 2000, 97(18): 9834 ~ 9839). 其中的副题名起补充、阐明作用，可起到很好的效果。
(3) 清楚(Clarity)。
题名要清晰地反映文章的具体内容和特色, 明确表明研究工作的独到之处，力求简洁有效、重点突出。
为表达直接、清楚，以便引起读者的注意，应尽可能地将表达核心内容的主题词放在题名开头。
如The effectiveness of vaccination against in healthy, working adults (N Engl J Med，1995, 333: 889-893)中，如果作者用关键词vaccination作为题名的开头，读者可能会误认为这是一篇方法性文章：How to vaccinate this population? 相反，用effectiveness作为题名中第一个主题词，就直接指明了研究问题：Is vaccination in this population effective? 题名中应慎重使用缩略语。
- 1、下载文档前请自行甄别文档内容的完整性，平台不提供额外的编辑、内容补充、找答案等附加服务。
- 2、"仅部分预览"的文档,不可在线预览部分如存在完整性等问题,可反馈申请退款(可完整预览的文档不适用该条件!)。
- 3、如文档侵犯您的权益，请联系客服反馈,我们会尽快为您处理(人工客服工作时间：9:00-18:30)。
1科技论文：作者对科学领域中的问题进行研究、探讨、总结，
表述研究成果和发表科学技术问题见解，是在科学实验和科学研 究基础上对科学技术领域中的某些现象和问题进行科学的分析和 阐述，从而揭示这些现象和问题的本质及规律的科学技术文献。 凡是运用概念、判断、推理证明和反驳等逻辑思维手段来分析和阐 明科技研究中所取得的创造性成果或见解的文章均属科技论文。
（B）学位论文 （Dissertation[,disə‘teiʃən] ）：表
明作者从事科学研究取得创造性的结果或有了新的见解，并以此 为内容撰写成文，作为提出申请授予相应的学位时评审用的学术 论文。
学士、硕士、博士。在学术水平以及研究的深度和广度有不 同要求。 （ａ）学士论文：应能表明作者确已较好地掌握了本门学科的基 础理论、专门知识和基本技能，并具有从事科学研究工作和担负 专门技术工作的初步能力。
Winds between 15 and 30 mph, when accompanied by snow and temperatrue between 10°F and 30°F, often create unstable slabs in avalanche-starting zones.
2.2句子结构对文体具有影响，因而有一些要求：
一般：We plan to present a proposal covering all important aspects of the problem.
具体和专门的：On October 10 we shall present a proposal covering cost, materials, methodology, and personnel. 根据读者的水平： 一般：Moderate winds, when accompanied by new snow and nearly-thawing temperatrue, often create avalanche['æ vəlɑ:ntʃ] condition. 具体和专门的：
注意：过于浓缩不利于理解
例如：Preventing catalyst['kæ təlist] selectivity deterioration[di,tiəriə'reiʃən] is difficult.
It is difficult to prevent the selectivity of the catalyst from deteriorating.
（ｂ）硕士论文：应能表明作者确已在本门学科上掌握了坚实的 基础理论和系统的专门知识，并对所研究课题有新的见解，有从 事科学研究工作和独立担负专门技术工作的能力。
（ｃ）博士论文：应能表明作者确已在本门学科上掌握了坚实宽 广的基础理论和系统深入的专门知识，并具有独立从事科学研究 工作的能力，在科学与专门技术上做出了创造性的成果。
英语科技论文写作
第一单元
一科技写作的基础知识
1 科技写作：
指人们在科学研究或技术性工作中所用的一种写作方式
2 科技写作的目的：
报道调查和研究的成果、新发现和新发明，总结交流经验，普及 科学知识，提出新的计划等。
3 英语科技论文写作与一般文章写作的区别：
1. 学好英文科技写作的基础知识
2. 找和自己所作课题相近的原文文章，特别是英美科技人员的文 章阅读、学习和模仿：主要学习和模仿他们的表达方法 3. 根据自己要写的内容，练习写作，最终写出自己的文章
（ｃ）学术性：学术性是科技论文的本质特征。同一般议论文相 同的是都由论点、论据和论证构成，但它分析的是带有学术价值 的问题，要有一定的理论高度，要引述各种事实和道理去论证自 己的新见解。
（ｄ）理论性：科技论文要将实验、观测所得到的结果从理论高 度上进行分析，将感性认识上升到理性认识，找到带有规律性的 东西，得出科学结论。因此，论文中所论述的发现和发明不但有 实用价值，而且有理论价值。
例如：Test plots using various species give an average range of life of 19 to 25 years, with a probable average of 22 years.
Tests of various species, each performed on a separate plot, indicate that the range of life is 19 to 25 years and that 22 years is the probable average.
论文写作的基本要求：据以上特点１论文必须有创新性内容２论 据要充分可靠３论证要合乎逻辑４要充分了解已有成果和正确评 价自己的成果５文章力求简短，多用图表说明问题。
２科技报告：是作者根据自己的责任向某些人或组织提供的
书面报告，因此报告必须是作者的一种责任。
分类：情报类和可行性报告
１）情报类报告（Information report）
实验型论文和实验报告的区别：形式上有相同之处，但有实质性 区别。（1）实验型论文的内容是作者通过实验研究所得到的有学 术价值的创造性成果。实验报告一般只是对实验研究工作的如实 记载，可以不要求具有明确的结论，可以单纯重复前人的工作。 （2）实验型论文以阐述作者的科学见解为目的，实验报告以如实 记载实验过程与结果为目的。
（4）插入大量的图(figures)、表(tables)、照片(photographs) 、 和例证(illustrations)
（5）大量的专门化术语，如果对初学者和非专家要仔细加以定 义和说明 （6）遵照一定的格式：内容的安排，标题和图表的安排，摘要 的写法及打字的规格 （7）数字、缩写词、公式、方程式及符号要按照一定的格式写
２）科技论文的特点：应突显其科学性、创造性 学术性和理论性等特点。
（ａ）科学性：科技论文的科学性表现在三方面，即内容的科学 性即真实性，文章表述的科学性即准确明白，文章结构的科学性 即严密的逻辑性。科学性是科技论文的生命。
（ｂ）创造性：创造性（创新性）是科学研究的生命。判断研究 成果是否有创造性必须广泛占有资料，了解国内外已有成就和水 平。
要求：学术论文应提供新的科技信息，其内容应有所发现、有所 发明、有所创造、有所前进，而不是简单的重复、模仿，甚至抄 袭前人的工作。
学术论文分类：实验型、观测型、理论型和管理型
(a)实验型：以实验本身为研究对象，或以实验或以实验作为主要 研究手段，得出科研成果后写出的学术论文。研究报告(Research report)、专论(Article)和研究专论(Research article)多属这一类
二 科技写作的特点：
1内容方面：
（1）写科技方面的事务，基本不涉及人物
（2）内容可深可浅但必须有科技内涵（sci-technical content)， 对象可能是专家或普通大众
（3）以特定的读者或听众为写作目标（aimed at a specific audience)，但内容必须适合读者的水平和需要
（2）避免使用非必要的技术语言
例如：reducing the mean diameter[dai'æ mitə] of the spray spectrum（减少喷出物的平均直径），不如改为：making the spray finer（使喷出物更细些）
（3）使用具体的专门的语言：有效传达信息，减少模糊不清和 错误理解
1）科技论文的分类：学术论文和学位论文
（A）学术论文（Academic thesis): 对某学术课题在实
验性、理论性或观测性上取得新的科学研究成果或创新见解的科 学记录；或是某种已知原理应用于实际中取得新进展的科学总结， 用以提供学术会议上宣读、或讨论；或在学术刊物上发表；或作 其他用途的书面文件。
2文体即文章的风格：
（1）关注的不是作者说什么，重者创造形成自己特有的 风格，而是在写作质量上努力做好：清晰性(clearness)、直接性、 (directness)简明性(conciseness)和可读性(readability)。 此外，要 求：语言简练(simplicity)、准确(precision)、专门(specific)、具体 (concrete)及可懂(understandable)。
1）避免写过长的句子，应该有长、有短、也有适中的，避免千 篇一律
2）结构要简单和直接：句子更清晰更可读
例如：The next step consisted of looking for methods by which the losses that occurred in the bearings might be eliminated. The next step consisted of looking for methods of eliminating the losses in the bearings.（简单） It must be expected that there will be complaints from people who live in the neighborhood. Complaints from people who live in the neighborhood must be expected.（直接） 3）句子结构影响准确性：关键是正确理解词义
（3）用理性处理问题
2.1达到有效文体应注意的事项：
（1）避免使用僵硬的虚夸语言 例如：increase the visibility of the incandescent[,inkæ n'desənt] gases（增加发光气体的可见性）可改为：make the flame easier to see（使火焰易于看到） has a deleterious[,deli'tiəriəs] effect upon（有有害的效应）可改 为: harms（有害），或injures（伤害），或damages（损害）