英国文学论文 远大前程
狄更斯《远大前程》主题思想评析
狄更斯《远大前程》主题思想评析
《远大前程》是英国作家狄更斯的一部代表作。
该作品描述了在社会不平等的
压迫下，坚强的勤劳与善良改变命运的力量。
这部作品告诉我们，只有不断努力，坚持不懈，才能改变自身的命运，实现自我真正的梦想。
社会不公平的压迫一直是《远大前程》的主题之一。
陈氏家庭所面临的种族歧
视和宗教歧视，代表了很多英国社会问题，这些事实也表明，如果某一方社会分离，该社会的发展将受到极大的影响。
另一主题是勤劳的重要性。
朱利安·卡尔维特面临荒诞的社会，他一生不懈努力，持之以恒，为自己搏取尊严和尊重，最终成为一个地位显赫的男子汉。
他曾经说过，“当你工作时，你要做完。
”他的精神代表了一种坚持不懈的精神，它是一种普遍的道德准则，同时也贯穿在小说中，可以为人们示范学习。
善良也是本书另一重要主题。
朱利安·卡尔维特用他真诚的善意去拯救抛弃他
的左彩芥，而左彩芥的变化也给他带来了他想要的精神收获，这也证明了善良的力量无穷大，令人感动。
总之，《远大前程》通过狄更斯的宝贵思想，表达了不断的努力，坚持不懈，
善良的力量才能改变自身的命运和实现自我真正的梦想，这也给了学前教育行业一种深刻关怀，正确引导孩子，让他们从娱乐中获受高尚的道德素养和文化积淀，这样才能行至远大的前程。
论文 远大前程
0.IntroductionCharles Dickens is the greatest representative of English critical realism. Dickens‟s literature career may be roughly divided into 3 periods. Great Expectations is among the last period. The last period of Dickens‟s literature career began with the publication of Bleak House in 1852-1853. His novels of this period are much darker in content than their predecessors (Liu 295). In most of his novels, we can tell his own unhappy experience, which is reflected in the low class miserable life and is carefully describe and recorded. Great Expectations is also regarded as an autographical novel.The period from the late 18th century to the early 19th century is a crucial era called Victorian Period. Chronologically, the Victorian period roughly coincides with the reign of Queen Victoria who ruled over England from 1837 to 1901 (Sun 193). Many people use such terms as reform, tansformation, improvement and progress to mark the 19th century different from other ages. In Wendell Stacy Johnson‟s words, it was, of course, a time of rapid change; they were the generations in between the older, stable world of social institutions hardly changed since the late Middle Age and what we think of as the modern world (Stacy 123).In Great Expectations, the author depicted a very real and vivid picture of this age.As a genius realistic writer in English literature, Charles Dickens published the novel named Great Expectations, which earned him reputation for his revealment of the critical realism. The novel is Dickens‟ most complicated one with the major theme that money actually obscures the expression of love. The novel reflected the prevailing social outlook and it also builds up many impressive images successfully. It shows humanity and humor of the author (Zhu 9). As one of the author‟s most prominent works, it was published in 1861, which is regarded as a quite mature novel.He always describes people‟s characters which change with the development of environment (Luo 12). It describes his changing of characters and return to his benevolent, kind, and simple nature. The novel reflects the growth of Pip. These changes in his nature are influenced by the people surrounding Pip.Charles Dickens explores the changing nature of goodness and evil in this novel.The conversion of his nature shows the development of a small person Pip‟s nature, which infers that all the things Pip wants in the flashy world is of no value. Most importantly, being a gentleman with knowledge, depth and good manners counts.This paper analyses P ip‟ character and makes comprehensive and further discussion on the factors influencing his nature.0.The process of Pip’s changing character in the course of hisgrowthIn Great Expectations, we can easily see Pip‟s changing of nature during the course of growth and finally Pip finds his way back to true self. It is obvious that the conversion of his nature proves that the true, the good and the beautiful prevail.0.1Simplicity and innocence in ChildhoodIn Great expectations, when Pip was young, he was an unsophisticated, innocent, kind, sensitive and timid kid who thirsted for knowledge. He did not have a normal family. He was an orphan without parents, who was not taken care of by his bad-tempered sister in a small town.Pip‟s sister treated him cruelly. She had various ways to punish Pip with a variety of unreasonable rules. All of these led to physical and spiritual pain. Actually, she did not give him any care, in addition to abuse. Consequently, Pip got more sensitive and timid.Joe, his brother-in-law, was a kind-hearted, diligent, sincere man. He had never mistreated Pip, but help Pip from Mrs. Joe‟s abusing. Actually, he is a friend of Pip. As he told Pip that “I wish there wasn‟t tickler for you; I wish I could take it all on myself; but this is the up-and-down-and-straight on it, Pip, and I hope you‟ll overlook shortcomings” (Dickens 43).Pip was deeply moved and he dreamed to be a blacksmith just like Joe. Joewas a tutor, who taught him a lot, and an instructor, who set an example for Pip. Therefore, he often went to the graveyard to memorialize his parents. When he met Magwitch, the prisoner, even though Pip was threatened, he provided Magwitch with food .Pip showed his kindness and compassion.Even thought born in this poor family and never having a chance to get a formal education, Pip longed for knowledge. In this novel, we can infer that Pip is a smart child with enormous curiosity. He was curious about the things around him. When he went to the graveyard, looking at the tombstone, he imagined what his parents looked like. As for Pip, his sister pays no attention to his education. He learnt things with the help of his friend, Biddy, who is a kind-hearted and girl1.2Ambition and self-abasement after his meeting EstellaPip‟s life changed totally and dramatically as long as he met Miss Havisham and Estella. He became self-abased and ambitious.He was asked to Satis House. When he walked into Miss Havisham‟s house, Pip was deeply impressed and surprised. He was totally lost in another world, in which he saw brilliant decorations. Most importantly, he met Estella, a beautiful but extremely arrogant young lady. Pip loved her at the first sight.Betrayed and cheated by husband, Miss Havisham began to hate all the men. Therefore, she adopted Estella as a tool to take revenge all the men. Unfortunately, Pip is one of them. What Estella had done to Pip hurts his feelings. She mocked at his coarse hands, boots, the way he talked and so on. After his experience in the luxurious house and his meeting Estella, Pip had a new understanding of his ordinary background and low social status. He was desperate to be a gentleman who matched with Estella and as he expressed: “The beautiful young lady at Miss Havisham‟s and she‟s more beautiful than anybody ever was, and I admired her dreadfully, and I want to be a gentleman on her account ”(Dickens 56).Apparently, Pip began to realize that he is merely a poor boy without anything.Gradually, he hates what he had now. He said,“when we went to supper, the place and the meal would have a more homely look than ever, and I would feel more ashamed of home than ever, in my own ungracious breast.”“I should never like Joe‟s trade. I had liked it once, but once was not now.” Obviously, Pip changed his goal. He wanted to be a gentleman of upper class rather than a blacksmith like Joe. To some extent, Miss Havisham and Estella motivated Pip. His ambitious great expectation showed up.Pip is stuck in a dilemma. On one hand, he knew that he can not match with Estella. On the other hand, he had a strong affection for the young lady, who had been mocking at and torturing him spiritually.At the same time, he became a regular guest to the house in his childhood. He has nothing to do even though he is dying for Estella.1.3 Snobbery and arrogance after sponsored by the mysterious manThen, he spent more years as an apprentice to Joe, so he can make a living as a blacksmith. But his life orbit changed .To his surprise and shock, he got informed by the lawyer of that he was to inherit a property from an unknown mysterious person and he had a chance to be educated as a gentleman. We can get a hint from Pip about his leaving for London .Even though he was a little bit gloomy about his departure, actually he was excited and looked forward to the coming life. He asked Biddy to help Joe because he began to felt ashamed of Joe, the blacksmith. Finally, Pip insisted on going to the coach alone because he did not want to be disgraced by Joe and Biddy.An idea occurred in his mind that it must be Havisham who sponsored him to go to London to get a better education and made him match to Estella. Meanwhile, Miss Havisham pretended to be his supporter when Pip came to her to thank her for financial aids. Her evil plan led Pip into her trap.It turned out that he became peacockish, ungraceful realistic and unpractical,after he went to London. He began to learn how to become a gentleman by wearing fancy clothes, meeting people from upper class, learn dancing with lady and so on. Since he was financially supported by the sponsor, he is lavish of his money. Consequently, he often made ends meet every month. His life in London made him flashy, selfish, and showy. Later, he found out that Estella was pursued by many men and she enjoyed their affection. He felt unfair but still had a crush on her. Due to His obsession with Estella and belief that Miss Havisham wanted him to marry Estella and chose him as her successor, he would rather visit Miss Havisham than Joe. To fit in the new environment, he made new friends. He came to form a class conception, unaware of it himself. One day, Joe wrote to tell Pip that he was going to pay a visit to him. However, he felt ashamed, embarrassed and angry at Joe‟s ill manners. He would rather pay Joe to keep Joe away. And then he decorated his house in a deluxe way on purpose and wanted Joe to know that he was completely different from the old Pip. Pip put Joe in dilemma when Joe could not find a proper place to hang his hat. How satirical it is .Pip changed dramatically. It is Joe who had been his hero and friend. Now he completely turned himself into a snob, who abandoned his past. He built these norms to divide people into several classes. He actually caught into a contradictory trouble which he once hated.1.4Maturity and Pip’s self-awareness after the mysterious man’s turning upWhen pip figured it out that his real benefactor was the prisoner he once helped when he is young, his world collapsed.Firstly, he was sad because the person who had given him aids was not Miss Havisham, who had been cheating him on purpose.Secondly, he was more shocked and scared than so graceful to the prisoner. Pip assisted by his friend Herbert tried to send him away. More or less, he helped Magwitch with kindness.Unfortunately, they failed and Magwitch was arrested and his property was confiscated. Pip was still graceful to Magwitch, so he managed to requite Magwitch by visiting him in prison. He got nothing just like before. Later he found that Biddy had been married with Joe after his sister‟s passing away. Even though it is a little hard to accept, he still congratulated them. It seemed destined that all the bad things occurred. Suddenly, he seemed to go to pieces. What is worse is that he got sick. Pip recovered soon owing to Joe‟s help. Joe‟s love to him finally brought him back to the old Pip. Pip‟returning to nature is a happy ending. Eventually, he left for India to work. Several years later, he returned, there had been a great change. It is fate that Pip met Estella, who had a miserable marriage and was treated badly by her husband. They talked and walked away quietly. We can infer that they got together and married later.At last, Pip figured it out that he should not change himself and he became unsophisticated, kind-hearted, honesty, benevolent and mature. Money and social status can not be compared with true love between family members, friends and soul mate.1.Main causes of Pip’s transition of charactersDuring the growth of Pip, there are several persons who have a deep and enormous influence on his transition of character. In the following passage, I will discuss their life experience and how they change Pip.1.1Love from Joe GargeryJoe was good natured, easygoing, foolish man. We can tell from the whole story that Joe plays an important role in several aspects, not only in the formation of Pip‟s character, but also in expressing how to become a true gentleman. Pip‟s life is painstaking, but fortunately, he had the faithful friendship with Joe and Biddy. Joe andBiddy encouraged Pip to go back to nature and live in the state of nature.Joe was the first victim of Pip‟s honor of being a gentleman. He remained faithful to Pip after Pip‟s encounter of the good luck.First, for Pip, Joe protected him from the abusing and mistreating of his sister （Du 6）.When Joe accepted Joe‟s sister as his wife, he told her to bring her poor little kid together. Definitely, Joe was a man of great sympathy. He was always there for aiding and comforting Pip in his own way. Pip‟s sister was bad-tempered and always treated him badly. It was Joe who took care of Pip and treated him as a friend and even a son. Joe provided a peaceful shelter for Pip and kept the family which was full of violence. Even though Joe was a blacksmith without advanced education, he protected his family in his own way. With an ill-tempered and unreasonable wife, he chose to keep silent and stood all the sufferings. Most remarkable, Joe showed his respect to each member of his family and treats them with love and patience, including Joe‟s sister. His conception of family was left with Pip, which impressed him deeply. It was certainly Joe who made Pip a kind-hearted and innocent kid.Apart from a protector and friend, Joe set a moral example for Pip. Even though he was nobody, he taught Pip with noble character and simple ways he behaved. He showed the meaning of what a gentleman should behave except appearance. For example, when a stranger intended to buy him a cup of wine, he did not want to covet little advantages and insisted on paying for the bills; when Pip left for London to get a better life, he sincerely congratulated Pip on his chance to get better education, rather than envied him. He was satisfied with his present life as a blacksmith. Meanwhile, Pip tried hard to learn how to be a gentleman in London in his own way. But that was about banquet, cocktail, servant and how to spend money, which was not the true meaning of a gentleman. After Pip came to London to have the cultivation for the gentleman, he began to look down upon the low class, even his best friend: Joe. As shown in the Great Expectations:“One Monday morning I received a letter from Biddy in which sheinformed me of Joe‟s intention to visit me at Barnard‟s in the nextmorning. I did not look forward with pleasure to this visit, and if I couldhave kept him away by paying money […] but I had the sharpestsensitiveness to his being seen by Drummel, whom I held in contemptbecause he was idle, stupid and haughty”. (Dickens 114)It is quite ironic that Pip embarrassed Joe when Joe came to visit Pip. Pip became quite ashamed of Joe‟s manner and picky. However, Joe did not blame him for his treatment and is not angry with his coldness. He tried his best to understand Pip.At the end of the story, when Pip got sick, as his best friend, Joe did not mind Pip‟s previous behavior and took good care of him. After Pip‟s recovery and silent departure, Joe did not want to bother Pip. He asked for nothing and cared more about Pip‟s life.Joe‟s kindness and love finally brought the old Pip back. Pip began to introspect into his own minds. He came to recognize his mistakes and felt ashamed and guilty.We can treat Joe with many virtues as a symbol. Obviously, he symbolizes all the goodness Pip lacks and finally gains. He is a teacher more than a friend. During Pip‟s growth, Joe plays a balancing role. When Pip gets lost in his great expectations, Joe is still there and supports him. In a word, it is Joe who makes Pip return to his nature.2.2Biddy’s help and companyBiddy was an important character in Pip‟s transition of character. She was a clever, sweet-tempered and kindhearted girl of high intelligence. Biddy was always the one he could think of when he was to make any decision. They had built solid friendship in Pip‟s childhood.More precisely, Biddy was Pip‟s first conductor, guiding him to the new world of knowledge. Biddy was a teacher more than a friend. Pip‟s rough sister could not give him chances to satisfy his curiosity for knowledge. When Pip attended a night class, he found out that it was not a school, where there were not textbooks and teachers.“During this period I attended an evening school kept by Mr.Wopsle‟sgreat-aunt. Her method of education was peculiar, for she usually wentto sleep from six to seven every evening, leaving her pupils to improvethemselves as best they could by seeing her do it .Mr.Wopsle‟sgreat-aunt, besides keeping this Education Institution, kept in the sameroom a little general shop”(Dickens 33).Pip is longing for knowledge is an important and obvious factor of his mental change. Pip begins to look forward to unexpected life in the future. From several chapters of this novel, we can know that Pip is a smart boy.As for Pip, his sister paid no attention for his education. He came to know alphabets with the help of his friend, Biddy. He was active to gain knowledge due to his being a knowledge-thirsty boy. He was glad to ask Biddy how to manage to learn everything. Regardless of its inconvenience, Pip was glad to copy it at home and taught himself.Most importantly, Biddy helped Pip when Pip had a tough time, especially after Pip met Estella. When Pip told Biddy that he had been in love with a girl who mocked at her, Biddy questioned his intention to be a gentleman and told him to leave her alone. Although Pip did not accept her advice, Biddy was still tolerant and saw him off. At the end of the story, when Pip experienced all the sufferings and Biddy had been married with Joe, which shocked Pip and made a mess of his life, Biddy was still there for him.Dickens tried to create the character of Biddy as a role of mother to Pip. She was also the one who help Pip remain innocent and kind nature. Besides, Dickens made her Joe‟s wife on purpose due to his intention to indicate the meaning of people‟ influences. Afterwards, Biddy named her baby after Pip. Biddy exercised an invisible, formative influence on Pip‟s character. It is Biddy who inspired Pip greatly in the positive way while Estella in the negative way.2.3The obsession with EstellaEstella was also a poor girl raised by Miss Havisham and used as a tool to take revenge on men. She was a lofty, arrogant girl who was brought up like that. Pip was influenced by Estella and had her arrogance, pride, prejudice and indifference. She motivated Pip to strive to realize his great expectation and be a member of upper class. As Pip describe:“I love her simply because I found her irresistible. Once for all, I knew tomy sorrow, often and often, if not always, that I loved her against reason,against promise, against peace, against hope, against happiness, againstall discouragement that could be. Once for all; I love her nonethelessbecause I knew it, and it had no more influence in restraining me, than ifI had devoutly believed her to be human perfection” (Dickens 229).His obsession with Estella is easily seen from above. That he wanted to marry Estella was definitely a part of his great expectations.Growing in the small countryside and influenced by persons like Joe and Biddy, Pip was growing up in a natural and simple way. Therefore, Pip was a shy, sincere and kindhearted kid before his first visit to Miss Havisham and Estella. Pip loved Estella at the first sight. However, Estella contempted her and mocked at his coarse hands,heavy boots, and moreover the way he spoke. Estella was the one who made Pip determined to elbow his way to the upper class and pursue his great expectations. Pip described in Great Expectations:“The beautiful young lady at Miss Havisham‟s, and she‟s more beautifulthan anybody ever was, and I admired her dreadfully, and I want to be agentleman on her account […]. When we went in to supper, the place andthe meal would have a more homely look than ever, and I would feelmore ashamed of home than ever, in my own ungracious breast […].Ishould never like Joe‟s trade. I had liked it once, but once was not now”(Dickens 79).Apparently, Estella had turned Pip in to a more ambitious man who wanted to shut his past out. As time went by, Pip gradually lost his previous virtues and got into the gentlemen‟s habits such as apathy and ingratitude. Pip regarded himself as a gentleman superior to common persons. He was completely eager to cut himself from the old Pip and even from his old companies. Pip mainly influenced by Estella ,who once was an innocent and simple boy, far away from nature, was polluted to be a sophisticated man of dramatic vanity.Estella used to satisfy with her life which Miss Havisham gave her. However, she gradually got bored and tied of this kind of dumb life. What made her determined to marry the rough guy was actually that she wanted to get rid of Miss Havisham.Estella is not only influenced Pip but also got touched and moved by Pip. At the end of the story, when Pip visited Miss Havisham‟s mansion, he encountered Estella and persuaded her to leave the past behind and get out of the house with him.Her confession also marked the maturity of Pip, and returning back to good nature, because Pip had forgiven and accepted her.2.4Miss Havisham’s misleadingMiss Havisham was a crazy, mad, vengeful and wealthy old woman, who lived in a shabby and rotting house and wore a dirty and old wedding dress, which she was never willing to take off forever. Anyway, she is a poor character.Miss Havisham‟s miserable life was totally about revenge due to a disobliging man called Compeyson, who abandoned her on their wedding day. Since then, Miss Havisham became kind of insane and abnormal. Consequently, she turned all the clocks in her house at 8:40, the moment when she was informed of her fiancé…s cheating and betrayal (Qin 74). After all the terrible experiences, she fostered Estella and brought her up as a tool to revenge on men (Guo 72). She was even cruel to his relatives .We are confused why Miss Havisham does this to Pip and Estella, because they have nothing to do with Miss Havisham‟s misery.Miss Havisham was unaware of that her vengeful action was harmful to both Pip and Estella. She made Estella an arrogant and snobbish lady without sympathy, sentiment and softness, who enjoyed men‟s pursuit. This twisted and abnormal bring-up was incorrect as a result that Estella‟s personality was totally distorted. She was extremely satisfied with the incorrect consequence that Estella…s attracting and tormenting men, which indirectly led to the transition of Pip‟s character. In a word,What Miss Havisham was desperate for is that Estella repeating her tragedy.Having realized that Pip had a crush on Estella, she came up with a filthy idea that she encouraged Pip to meet Estella. What was worse was that she gave Pip the expectations to marry Estella, but also pretended to be Pip‟s mysterious sponsor after Pip paid a visit to her before his departure to London. She indulged Pip‟s vanity to pursue the illusory dreams deliberately. She made Pip come to get confused between reality and dream and expand his ambition.Moreover, when Pip was in London .she often asked Pip to visit her regularly. She provided chances for Pip to stay with Estella alone. To say it in a different way, Miss Havisham straightly put Pip to be a vanity man for wealth and social status,which ended up with Pip‟s lost in his great expectations. Finally, she made Estella marry a rich man, which completely broke Pip‟s heart. When Pip knew that Miss Havisham was not the mysterious sponsor, he began his self-examination. At last, Miss Havisham regretted about things she had done to both Pip and Estella. When she caught fire, Pip was full of contradictions. He was not sure whether he should save her or not. Finally, Pip‟s kindness and conscience won and he managed to save her. Death made Miss Havisham released and Pip more mature.Miss Havisham‟s quest for revenge lasted until her death.Generally speaking, Miss Havisham is the one who should be responsible for Pip‟s misery. She made Pip turn into a ambitious and arrogant man. But it is also Miss Havisham who makes Pip mature and find himself. It seems destined that Miss Havisham ends up with her death in a fire by accident after Pip‟s last visit.2.5The kindness, gratitude and generosity of MagwitchMagwitch was a kindhearted and grateful criminal who escaped from prison, and who Pip once stole food to help. When he was arrested, he still remembered saving Pip from the accusation of stealing food. Few years later, he helped Pip to have a better and further education in London anonymously. Pip was grateful to his benefactor at first, but later when he figured it out whom the real mysterious man was, he was worried and afraid.Magwitch was like Pip‟s second father, who actually had done exceedingly more than his real parents. Later, he risked his life and came back to see Pip. In return, he was disappointed by Pip, who believed that his future was slim and totally destroyed by the fact that the mysterious man turned out to be a convict, rather than Miss Havisham, a woman in the upper class. Every time Magwitch managed to hold Pip‟s hand, Pip would like to release them as quickly as he can. What made Pip more disgusted was the way Mawitch behaved for example the way he ate.After having been with Magwitch for a few days, Pip came to understand thelove of Magwitch. Magwitch‟s love to him finally woke his conscience and kindness up in his deep heart. Although Pip finally failed to help Magwitch run away, he regained his kindness.2.ConclusionPip‟s conversions of character and final return back to nature give us a lot to contemplate. First, environment especially people, played an important part in the formation of character in both the active and positive ways. The objective external factors including people that surround us contribute more to the transition of character sometimes instead of the genetic inheritance. Second, people have to learn how to make a choice. Whether you need to change yourself to pursue what you want is a question. Third, the good, the true and the beautiful prevail, which are reflected from those figures with less education and money. Social status and money are finally bubbles which will burst sooner or later. Joe and Biddy knows that. But, for Pip, it takes him some time to understand this lesson.In Great Expectations, Charles Dickens tells us the importance of human nature by the conversion of Pip‟s character. Pip is a kind-hearted and innocent kid. Gradually, he became arrogant, selfish, snobbish and indifferent influenced mainly by Estella and Miss Havisham. Pip came to get lost and confused in his dream and reality with his unrealistic great expectations. Through the whole story, Pip finds his own identity during the process that he struggles to be a gentleman. With the help of Joe, Magwitch and Biddy, Pip corrects his false values. In this thesis, we can easily know that Pip‟s complex character is the result of the influence of people.The author also conveys the message that we have to make a choice in face with external troubles, and one‟s own conscience should be the standard of judgment. The outside parts such as appearance, social status and so on is superficial. The peace of inner heart remains significant.Works citedDickens, Charles. Great Expectations. Wordsworth Editions Ltd, 1992.Liu Bingshan. A Short History of English Literature. Henan Renmin Press. 2007. Stacy, J. W. Living in Sin: The Victorian Sexual Revolution. Chicago: Nelson-Hall, 1979.Sun Huaxiang. Highlights of British Literature. China Social Sciences Press. 2010. Zuo Jinmei. A New Survey of English Literature. China Ocean University Press, 2011. 杜珏. 浅析远大前程中乔对皮普的三重角色以及对小说主题的影响. 青年文学家, 2011, (3): 12-14..郭荣. 论远大前程中的女性人物对皮普性格发展的影响. 哈尔滨学院学院, 2009（5）: 72.罗经国. 狄更斯评论集. 上海: 上海译文出版社, 1981秦燕. 浅析远大前程中哈维夏姆和马格维奇悲剧命运背后的社会心理. 琼州学院报, 2009，（2）: 74.朱红. 狄更斯小说欣赏. 太原: 陕西人民出版社, 1985..。
远大前程梗概六百字作文
远大前程梗概六百字作文英文回答：Great Expectations is a novel written by Charles Dickens. It tells the story of Pip, a young orphan who dreams of becoming a gentleman and rising above his humble beginnings. Throughout the novel, Pip encounters various characters who shape his journey and influence his ambitions.One of the major themes in Great Expectations is the pursuit of wealth and social status. Pip is initially motivated by the desire to escape his poverty and become a gentleman. He believes that money and social standing will bring him happiness and fulfillment. This theme is reflected in the character of Miss Havisham, who is obsessed with wealth and uses it to manipulate others.Another theme in the novel is the importance of identity and self-discovery. As Pip progresses in hisjourney, he begins to question his own values and priorities. He realizes that true happiness comes from within and not from external factors such as wealth or social status. This theme is exemplified through the character of Joe, who remains humble and content despite his modest circumstances.Additionally, Great Expectations explores the concept of guilt and redemption. Pip carries a burden of guilt throughout the novel, particularly in his treatment of Joe and his involvement with the criminal, Magwitch. However, he eventually learns the power of forgiveness and finds redemption in his actions. This theme is illustrated through the character of Magwitch, who transforms from a hardened criminal to a compassionate individual.Overall, Great Expectations is a novel that delves into the complexities of human ambition, identity, and morality. It teaches us the importance of self-reflection and the pursuit of true happiness. Through its vivid characters and engaging plot, the novel continues to resonate with readers today.中文回答：《远大前程》是查尔斯·狄更斯所写的一部小说。
关于远大前程的论文
关于远大前程的论文引言“远大前程”一词源自英国文学家查尔斯·狄更斯的小说《远大前程》（Great Expectations），意为对未来的崇高期望和追求。
对于每个人来说，远大前程都是一个吸引人的概念，代表着个人和社会的发展和进步。
本论文将探讨远大前程的重要性，并讨论如何实现一个远大前程。
远大前程的意义远大前程是每个人都需要追求的目标，它代表了个人在职业、教育和个人成长方面的预期和期许。
拥有一个远大前程可以激励人们不断努力和奋斗，为实现自己的梦想而努力。
远大前程还代表着社会整体的发展和进步，一个国家或社会的远大前程意味着经济繁荣、科技进步和公民福祉的提升。
远大前程的实现实现一个远大前程需要一系列的努力和策略。
以下是一些实现远大前程的关键要素：1. 目标设定首先，为了实现一个远大前程，我们需要设定明确的目标。
明确的目标可以帮助我们有条不紊地迈向我们的期望。
目标应该是具体的、可衡量的和可实现的，并且应该与我们的价值观和兴趣相一致。
2. 持续学习和成长实现一个远大前程需要不断的学习和成长。
通过学习新知识、发展新技能和经验积累，我们可以不断改进自己，并为实现远大前程奠定坚实的基础。
3. 持久的努力和毅力实现一个远大前程的过程中，我们会遇到挫折和困难。
然而，持久的努力和坚持不懈的毅力是成功的关键。
面对困难时，我们应该保持积极的态度，并寻找解决问题的方法。
4. 寻找合作伙伴和支持系统寻找合作伙伴和支持系统可以帮助我们在实现远大前程的过程中获得支持和鼓励。
合作伙伴可以分享和交流经验和知识，支持系统可以为我们提供支持和指导。
5. 灵活适应和调整实现一个远大前程需要我们能够灵活适应和调整。
随着时间的推移，我们的目标和计划可能会发生变化，我们需要能够灵活地调整我们的策略和计划，以适应新的情况和挑战。
结论远大前程是每个人都渴望实现的梦想，它代表着个人和社会的发展和进步。
通过设定明确的目标、持续学习和成长、持久的努力和毅力、寻找合作伙伴和支持系统以及灵活适应和调整，我们可以逐步实现我们的远大前程。
英语专业论文 小说《远大前程》的体裁分析
中国网络大学CHINESE NETWORK UNIVERSITY本科毕业设计(论文)小说《远大前程》的体裁分析院系名称：专业：学生姓名：学号：*********指导老师：中国网络大学教务处制2018年03月01日摘要关于个人成长和教育的传统文学体裁被称为成长小说，该小说体裁起源于18世纪德国，并流行于欧美各国。
许多文学大师创作了许多不朽之作。
其中英国十九世纪著名作家查尔斯·狄更斯的《远大前程》就是一部成长小说的经典之作。
关于狄更斯的小说《远大前程》的研究可谓汗牛充栋，也不乏有从成长小说角度进行研究的文献，但其中缺少从小说主要元素的角度进行系统研究的文章。
本文将依据文学原理中的小说三大主要元素，即主题、人物和情节对《远大前程》进行详细分析，论证作品符合成长小说的定义及其特点，是典型的成长小说。
本论文由四部分组成，第一部分是引言，主要介绍作者查尔斯·狄更斯及其作品《远大前程》；第二部分主要介绍成长小说理论、小说的三大要素：主题、人物和情节；第三部分从小说的主题、人物和情节等三要素分析《远大前程》中的主题类型、人物设定和情节模式，阐述小说的成长小说属性，论证《远大前程》是一部典型的成长小说。
第四部分是结论，总结论文探讨的主旨。
关键词：《远大前程》；成长小说；体裁分析；文学元素AbstractThe initiation story（also known as Bildungsroman）is a novel of personal development or of education. It originated from Germany in the latter half of the 18th century and has since become one of the major narrative genres in European and Anglo-American literature. Some classics of this type published across the global, one of them is Charles Dickens’ Great Expectations. Dickens’ novel Great Expectations presents the growth and development of Pip, the protagonist of the novel.Many researches on Great Expectations as an initiation story have been done. But no researches have included all the three main elements of theme, character and plot in the novel. With the three elements from the Elements of Literature by Zhang Jian, this paper is to have a genre analysis of Dickens’ Great Expectations from three aspects---the initiation theme, the character design and the plot pattern, thus proving that Great Expectations is a typical Initiation story.This paper consists of four parts. The first part is about an introduction to Charles Dickens and his novel Great Expectations, researches done and the research needed to be done. The second part is an introduction to the initiation story, its definition, its origin, its development and its characteristics. The third part is an analysis of Great Expectations as a typical initiation story which involves the initiation theme, the character design, and the plot pattern. The last part concludes with a reiteration of the main points discussed in this paper.Key Words: Great Expectations; Initiation story; genre analysis; literary elementsContents摘要 (II)Abstract ........................................................................................................................................ I II 1. Introduction . (1)1.1 Charles Dickens and His Works (1)1.2 Introduction of Great Expectations (1)1.3 The Current Research of Great Expectations and the Significance of this Paper (2)2. The Initiation Story---a Specific Literature Genre (3)2.1 Its Definition (3)2.2 Its Origin and Development (3)2.3 The Characteristics of the Initiation Story (4)3. The Analysis of Great Expectations as a Typical Initiation Story (5)3.1 The Initiation Theme in Great Expectations (5)3.1.1 The Initiation in the Protagonist’s Life Changes (5)3.1.2 The Initiation in the Protagonist’s Characteristic Changes (7)3.2 The Character Design (8)3.2.1 The Main Character Design (9)3.2.2 The Minor Character Design (10)3.3 The Plot Pattern (11)3.3.1 The Similarity of Plots in Pip’s Boyhood (11)3.3.2 The Turning Point of the Initiation (11)3.3.3 The Maturation and Self-discovery of the Protagonists (12)4. Conclusion (12)Bibliography (13)Acknowledgments.......................................................................................... 错误!未定义书签。
《远大前程》研究综述
《远大前程》研究综述内容摘要：《远大前程》是狄更斯的代表作之一，但一直以来并未得到应有的关注，已有的研究大多是针对其主题思想、人物刻画和叙事特点进行论述，少有创新。
本文试图系统地归纳和总结前人的研究成果，包括研究历史及评价，研究内容，存在的不足和前景展望等，从而方便以后对《远大前程》进行更深入的研究。
关键字：狄更斯《远大前程》文本批评查尔斯·狄更斯（Charles Dickens，1812--1870）是英国十九世纪伟大的批判现实主义作家，一生创作了大量作品，广泛描写了19世纪英国维多利亚时代的社会生活，揭露了资产阶级金钱世界的种种罪恶，他的创作代表了英国19世纪批判现实主义潮流的最高成就。
《远大前程》（又名《孤星血泪》）是狄更斯创作晚期的一部长篇小说，也是其代表作之一。
故事讲述了一个叫匹普的乡下孤儿，在姐姐的辱骂和姐夫的关怀下长大，一直想成为像姐夫乔一样的铁匠，但在去过富有的郝薇香小姐家里，看到了美丽的艾斯黛拉之后，便希望自己飞黄腾达，以配得上艾斯黛拉。
恰好他曾经救过的一位逃犯在国外发了财，寄钱给他，努力想把他培养为上等人，帮他实现了梦想。
匹普以为资助他的是郝薇香小姐，自己前程远大，将和艾斯黛拉结婚，逐渐疏远了一直关心他的乔和毕蒂。
可就在匹普满怀憧憬之时，他偶然发现，艾斯黛拉不过是郝薇香小姐拿来报复男人的工具，对他毫无感情可言，此时逃犯也从国外回来，钱财被当局没收，他的前程随即烟消云散。
此时的匹普并无伤感，反而变得清醒，最终靠自己的努力作出了一份事业，并与寡居的艾斯黛拉结合。
一、国外研究简述《远大前程》问世不久，就引起了许多学者的关注。
从十九世纪到今天，西方对这部作品的研究一直没有中断，或臧或否，褒贬不一。
赞赏者认为《远大前程》可以进入狄更斯最有影响力的小说之列，它保留了狄更斯往常小说的一贯风格（人物形象阴沉暗淡，故事场景违背常态等），但是它的人物刻画更加传神，情节结构十分严谨，值得称道。
《远大前程》中的贫困与阶级固化
远大前程中的贫困与阶级固化1. 引言《远大前程》是查尔斯·狄更斯创作的一部伟大的小说，描绘了维多利亚时代英格兰社会的各个阶层之间的关系。
在这部小说中，贫困和阶级固化是两个重要主题。
贫穷和贫富不均是那个时代社会面临的现实问题，而阶级固化则使得人们很难从出生时的社会地位上升。
2. 贫困和社会底层生活《远大前程》通过描述许多贫苦人家的生活情况来展示当时社会底层人群所面临的艰辛生活。
例如，乔治·鲍力先生一家就以极度贫穷、低下而知名。
他们住在拥挤肮脏、没有基本设施的公寓里，靠着微薄收入勉强维持生计。
这些图景向读者展示了当时工人阶级经历的艰辛和无望。
3. 财富差距和阶级固化《远大前程》还揭示了当时社会中的严重贫富差距，以及阶级固化导致的社会不公平。
小说中有许多富有和有势力的人物，如哈脊密斯·法斯汀、奥维西亚·吉普以及导师朱利叶斯·斯派德等。
这些角色展示了他们所享受到的优待和特权，并强调了他们与底层人群之间不可逾越的鸿沟。
4. 主人公身份与机遇小说主人公菲利普·皮尔要通过自己的努力挣脱贫穷，但他发现自己陷入阶级固化的局限中。
菲利普出生在一个贵族家庭，却因为母亲婚外情而被社会边缘化。
尽管他天赋异禀、勤奋努力，在工作和学习上都取得优异成绩，但由于家世背景问题，仍然难以改变自己的处境。
5. 反思与启示《远大前程》通过展示贫困和阶级固化，引发了读者对当代社会问题的深思。
虽然该小说背景设定在19世纪英格兰，但其中揭示的社会不公和固化阶级问题在当代社会仍然存在。
它提醒我们要认识到财富不均和机会差距对社会平等造成的影响，并激励人们为实现更公平正义而努力奋斗。
6. 总结《远大前程》中的贫困与阶级固化是一个扣人心弦、引起读者共鸣的主题。
通过描绘底层人群生活和主人公的经历，该小说呈现了一个真实而残酷的社会环境。
同时，这也是对当代社会中贫富差距和阶级隔离问题的深刻反思。
我们有责任以此为警示，共同努力为构建一个更加平等与公正的社会而奋斗。
远大前程(Great Expectations)
The Second Expectation
The Second Expectation
The Second Expectation
As he was gradually getting familiar with the physical and cultural norms of his new status,he also formed the class conception that went with those norms. Therefore, when Joe came to visit Pip, he felt embarrassed and angry at Joe's illmanners,despite his love for Joe and their relationship.
The Last Expectation
Hence, Pip got poor again. Worse still, he got sick severely.Thanks to Joe's care, Pip recovered quickly. Eventually,Pip left for India to work for his friend Herbet's company.When he returned to his hometown years later,everything got changed. At Miss Havisham's deserted mansion,Pip happened to meet Estella. They talked and walked away quietly.
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Charles Dickens is one of the greatest critical realists in English literature history. Oliver Twist is his masterpiece. It is Dickens’ favorite novel. Oliver Twist is a very moving story, it is the first novel that readers are led to a very sad world, and Oliver is such a role who has so many characters brave, kindness, innocence and so on. They are all showed from his attitudes towards the peoples and things around him. No matter whom they are, Oliver always expresses his kindness to them, no matter what the things are, difficult or good, he also showed brave. That’s the reason that he gets a good and happy life finally.
Pip’s Kindness
Pip’s inner value, innocence The theme of crime, guilt, and innocence is explored throughout the novel largely through the characters of the convicts and the criminal lawyer Jaggers. From the handcuffs Joe mends at the smithy to the gallows at the prison in London, the imagery of crime and criminal justice pervades the book, becoming an important symbol of Pip’s inner struggle to reconcile his own inner moral conscience with the institutional justice system. In general, just as social class becomes a superficial standard of value that Pip must learn to look beyond in finding a better way to live his life, the external trappings of the criminal justice system (police, courts, jails, etc.) become a superficial standard of morality that Pip must learn to look beyond to trust his inner conscience.
2.2 His Kindness to Companion Oliver regarded of their position was good or bad, he was always thinking about his friend whose name was Dick in the slum study. As he was detained by Mr. Brown, I thought: if we are him, we will fell so gratified flexibly, but Oliver didn’t like that, he always thought that if he could had a look at little Dick, who was willing to endure hunger beaten; the small Dick probably just cried at that moment, after that, he still wanted to go to help him. This properly showed his kindness. He was so good, because he couldn’t forget his companion even though he was only in a better place than before. Undoubted that from what did Oliver just said, it can be seen that Oliver was various to his friend, That’s Oliver, that’s his Kindness to his friend.
Oliver Twist was Dickens’ second novel, which marked the beginning of Dickens’ literary life. It concentrates on the hard years of an orphan, Oliver Twist, who was against the criminal world of London. It is the first novel that readers are led to a very sad world. The hero of this novel was Oliver Twist, an orphan, while reading the tragic experiences of the little Oliver; he was thrown into a world full of poverty and crime. He suffered big pain, such as hunger, thirst, beating; I was shocked by his sufferings. I felt sorry for the poor boy, but at the same time I detested the evil Fagin and the brutal Bill. To my relief, as was written in all the best stories, the goodness eventually conquered evil and Oliver lived a happy life at the end.
While the most important theme in Great Expectations is that no external standard of value can replace the judgments of one’s own conscience. Characters such as Joe and Biddy know this instinctively; for Pip, it is a long and hard lesson, the learning of which makes up much of the book. When we think of the boys, their characters will give a deep impression on us .and they can be the positive sprit for us.
Oliver’s Kindness
பைடு நூலகம்
2.1 His Kindness to the Poor In the life of his working in the coffin shop, he expressed sympathy to the poor who were more misfortune than him. For example,” A man and an old woman stood near the body, Oliver was afraid to kook at them.” why did Oliver don’t want to see them? That’s because he was too kind to have the heart to the poor. The society was full of selfishness and crimes, people in that time were mostly poor. The people’s relationship were desolated, this relationship can be seen in adults abundantly. However as a child who was only ten years old, he was kindhearted to the poor, he wasn’t influenced by that world. That’s valuable.
A Character Analysis of the Heroes of Oliver Twist and Great Expectations
外国语学院 英语二班 40904046 牟海迪
Oliver Twist and Great Expectations are famous books of Charles Dickens, who is a great critic of reality. Both stories mainly describe the miserable lot of heroes, Oliver Twist and Pip. They both met with various peoples, some of them treat them bad or involve them into crime. However, some persons always help them and treat them well. During that time, they show many kinds of characters. Among this, the most especial ones are kindness and being grateful.