上海市杨浦区2017届高三下学期4月模拟质量调研英语试卷(含答案)
杨浦区2016学年第二学期高三模拟质量调研英语学科试卷II .Grammar and VocabularySection AI was standing in the checkout line behind a woman who looked to be in __21__ 60s. When it was her turn to pay, the cashier greeted her by name and asked her how she was doing.The woman looked down, ___22___（shake）her head and said:“Not so good.”My husband just lost his job and my son is up to his old tricks again. The truth is, I don’t know how I’m going to get through the holidays.”Then she gave the cashier food stamps.My heart ached. I wanted to help but didn’t know how.（23）______I offer to pay for her groceries or ask for her husband’s resume?As I walked into the parking lot, I saw the women ___（24）（return）her shopping cart. I remembered something in my purse（25）________I thought could help her. It wasn’t a handful of cash or an offer of a job for her husband, but maybe it would make her life better.My heart pounded as I approached the woman.“Excuse me,”I said, my voice trembling a bit.“I couldn’t help overhearing what you said to the cashier. It sounds like you’re going through a really hard time right now. I’m so sorry. I’d like to give you something.”I handed her the small card from my purse.When the woman read the card’s only two words, she began to cry. And through her tears, she said：“You have no idea（26）_______ this means to me.”I was a little startled by her reply.（27）________（not do）anything like this before, I didn’t know what kind of reaction I might receive. All left for me (28)_______（say）was：“Oh. Would it be OK to give you a hug?”（29）________we embraced, I walked back to my car --and began to cry, too.The words on the card?“You Matter.”A few weeks earlier, a colleague gave me a similar card（30）____ encouragement for a project I was working on. When I read the card, I felt a warm glow spread inside of me. Deeply touched, I came home and ordered my own box of You Matter card and started sharing them.A.technologyB. contemporaryC. stretchedD. hiddenE. recognizedF. discoveryG. updatedH. extensiveI. countlessJ. estimatedK. definitionbe adding one more to that list.According to a recent paper published in the Geological Society of American Journal by a group of researchers,“Zealandia”is a new continent that’s ___31___ beneath the ocean.Zealandia is ___32___ to be five million sq km. Most of this massive area is covered by water, but itshighest mountains already have their own name：New Zealand.The small country is the only part of Zealandia that isn’t underwater, but the paper’s authors want the huge landmass to be ___33___ worldwide as its own continent.“The scientific value of classifying Zealandia as a continent is much more than just an extra name on a list,”the researchers wrote in their paper.Scientists discovered Zealandia all the way back in 1995, then started ___34___ research on the area using underwater and satellite mapping ___35___. After completing their work, they were finally able to write a report suggesting that Zealandia be named a continent.But who decides on what is a continent and what isn’t? There is, in fact, no official organiz ation that does. Some countries’ schools teach that there are six or even five continents. This changes depending on where in the world school is.Due to their __36__ as a “continuous expanse of land”,some classify Europe and Asia as the same continent -- known as Eurasia. Schools in Russia and parts of Eastern Europe teach this.And to make things even more confusing, France and Greece, as well as other countries, classify North America and South America as simply America.This argument over how land is defined has even ___37___ into outer space. In 2006, the International Astronomical Union（IAU）decided that Pluto was no longer a planet, 76 years after its ___38___ in 1930. Experts argued that it no longer met the requirements needed to be called a planet alongside the eight others in our solar system. It was therefore renamed a “dwarf planet（矮行星）”，meaning that ___39___ books, models and museum exhibits all over the world had to be ___40___.But will the world take the same notice of Zealandia? The best way to tell is to keep an eye on our textbooks.Ⅲ.Reading ComprehensionSection AGood news for awkward teenagers around the world. As time goes by, you could ___41___ up like a completely different person.This comes from the longest running personality study ever ___42__ by scientist. According to researchers from the University of Edinburgh in the UK, our personality changes so much from youth to old age that most people’s personalities in older age are barely ___43___ compared to their younger selves.The researchers analyzed results from a study in 1947, which gathered 1,208 teenagers in Scotland aged 14 and asked their teachers to ___44___ their personalities based on six traits（特征）.Now, more than six decades later, the University of Edinburgh team has managed to contact 635 of the ___45___ students, and 174 agreed to have their personalities tested once more.At an average age of 76.7 years old, the group were asked to ___46___ themselves on the same six personality traits, then pick a close friend or family member to do the same.By ___47___ the then-and-now test results, the researchers found that there is hardly any relationship between traits people had as teenagers and those in their older years.It was “as if the second tests had been given to ___48___ people,”the study’s researchers wrote in their report, which was published in journal Psychology and Aging.The results were a surprise because research in the past found personality ___49___ in people tested from childhood to middle-age, and from middle-age to older age.As the team explained, our personality appears stable over short intervals -- ___50___ so throughout adulthood. ___51___, the longer the interval between two tests of personality, the ___52___ the relationship between the two tends to be.It’s clear that more studies are needed to find out what’s going on here. But it could be the first ___53___ that it’s not just our cells that are being ___54___ throughout life – the way we think, feel and behave might no be as ___55___ as we once thought.41. A. hold B. wake C. end D. cheer42. A. carried out B. applied to C. participated in D. made up43. A. incredible B. accessible C. changeable D. recognizable44. A. assemble B. assess C. assume D. access45. A. alternative B. individual C. original D. separate46. A. score B. rate C. comment D. remark47. A. comparing B. reviewing C. presenting D. observing48. A. young B. similar C. amateur D. different49. A. combination B. stability C. transformation D. flexibility50. A. increasingly B. strangely C. subsequently D. obviously51. A. Therefore B. Moreover C. However D. Otherwise52. A. stronger B. closer C. further D. weaker53. A. option B. sign C. symptom D. cause54. A. replaced B. exposed C. divided D. cultivated55. A. stuck in mud B. buried in sand C. lost in thought D. set in stoneSection B（A）One way people are responding to food safety concerns is by growing their own food. However, not everyone lives on property with enough space for a private plot. One solution is community gardens, which have become popular worldwide, numbering 18,000 in North America alone. In addition to providing low-cost, delicious food, these public spaces offer cities a range of other benefits.Community gardens are located in a town or city and tended by local residents. Often, the land is on a vacant lot owned by the city. The site is divided into manageable plots, which may be tended by individuals or by the garden’s members collectively. Since the land is usually publicly owned, the cost for gardeners to lease it is minimal. In fact, New York City, which is home to more than 750 community gardens tended by more than 20,000 members, charges people just $1 a year to lease a plot. Other costs involve soil, tools, seeds, fencing , and so on. However, because they’re shared by m any people, individual gardeners pay very little.A community garden can quickly pay off, in terms of delicious fruits and vegetables, in addition to beautiful flowers. Excess produce can be sold for a profit at farmers markets. But a garden’s benefit don’t stop there. They also beautify cities, foster strong relationships among residents, and lower an area’s crime rate. Award-winning spaces like London’s Culpeper Community Garden even attract tourists. Beautiful and affordable, community gardens are often described as oases in crowded cities.56. Community gardens are designed for those who ___.A. are concerned about food safetyB. live in a house with a private plotC. can’t afford to buy organic foodD. don’t have their own property57. New York City _____.A. is owned by 20,000 individual gardenersB. charges residents a lot to lease tools and fencingC. contains more than 750 community gardensD. is tended by professional gardeners and local residents58. What’s the benefit of community gardens?A. People can enjoy safe and delicious vegetables and animal meat.B. Residents are more familiar and related with each other.C. The neighborhood is becoming safer but of lower taste.D. People can make some profits from the visiting tourists.59. The underlined word“oases”is closest in meaning to ____.A. cultural and art centersB. popular platforms for exchangesC. peaceful and safe landsD. commercial and prosperous places（B）African SafariEssential information you need to know before booking your African Safari in Southern Africa – These tips will enhance the experience that you haveThings to Consider Before Booking an African Safari1)Book in AdvanceAfrican Safaris are now hugely popular and good safari camps often get booked out more than a year in advance, especially during the high season from July through to October. Show more…2)Choosing which game parkDifferent parks have different topography and weather patterns – this greatly affects animal movements at different times of the year. If you want to target certain species of animals, then some parks are better than others for certain species. Show more…3）Choosing which lodge or safari campA typical safari camp has between 10 and 20 beds, it is an intimate safari experience and very personalized. However, there are also hotels in some places, either inside or just outside a national park, which can sleep anything up to 300 people. Show more…4）GuidingThe quality, experience and knowledge of the game at any Safari camp is almost the most important factor to consider. Good guides can transform your experience from ordinary to exceptional. Show more…5）What’s the Best Time of Year to go on SafariUnderstandably as the seasons change so does the safari experience. It is highly advisable to find out the best time of year for the safari area that you are intending to visit. Prices will change dramatically betweenthe high and the low season, so good deals are to be had in the low season but it is important to know the difference, as your experience will be vastly different. Show more…6）The PriceGoing on safari is not cheap whichever way you do it , but the price range can be enormous. Unfortunately, safaris in most cases are a case of “you pay for what you get”,Show more…7）Fly-in safari or notUsing small charter planes is sometimes an absolute necessity for camps in remote areas, where road transfers are just not practical or viable. These flights can increase the overall cost of the safari substantially but generally they are woth it and allow you the flexibility to visit a variety of safari camps in different locations. Show more…8）Use an AgentAs you can see from all the information and options detailed above, there is great deal to understand and unless you go on safari several times a year it is impossible to know all this stuff. Show more…CONTACT US NOW TO HELP PLAN YOUR SAFARIWe are qualified travel agents who know this area intimately!Click on the below buttons for some fantastic safari ideas60. Which is a determining factor in choosing a Safari camp?A. Means of transport.B. Accommodation.C. Weather patterns.D. Game guides.61. John is planning to have an African Safari in August 2018. He should book it in ______.A. July 2018B. January 2018C. July 2017D. October 201762. Which of the following is FALSE about African Safari?A. You can have a good price but same experience if you travel in low season.B. If you visit different camps in remote areas, flights may be unavoidable.C. The more money you pay, the better experience you’ll get.D. Not all the parks have the same species of animals.（C）A busy brain can mean a hungry body. We often seek food after focused mental activity, like preparing for an exam. Researchers think that heavy bouts of thinking drain energy from the brain, whose capacity to store fuel is very limited.So the brain, sensing that it may soon require more calories（卡路里）to keep going, apparently stimulates bodily hunger, and even though there has been little in the way of physical movement bodily hunger, and even though there has been little in the way of physical movement or calorie consumption, we eat. This process may partly account for the weight gain so commonly seen in college students.Scientists at the University of Alabama at Birmingham and another institution recently experimented with exercise to counter such immoderately post - - study food consumption.Gary Hunter, an exercise physiologist at U.A.B., oversaw the study. Hunter notes that tough activity both increases the amount of blood sugar and lactate（乳酸盐）—circulating in the blood and increasesblood flow to the head. Because the brain uses sugar and lactate as fuel, researchers wondered if the increased flow of fuel-rich blood during exercise could feed an exhausted brain and reduce the urge to overeat.Thirty - - eight healthy college students were invited to U.A.B.’s exercise lab to rep ort what their favorite pizza was. At a later date, the volunteers returned and spent 20 minutes dealing with selections from college and graduate - - school entrance exams. Next, half the students sat quietly for 15 minutes, before being given pizza. The rest of the volunteers spent those 15 minutes doing intervals on a treadmill: two minutes of hard running followed by about one minute of walking, repeated five times. Hunter says, that should stimulate the release of sugar and lactate into the bloodstream. These students were then allowed to gorge on pizza, too. But by and large, they did not overeat. In fact, the non-exercisers, however, consumed about 100 calories more.The study has limitations, of course. We only looked at lunch. Hunter says；the researchers do not know if the runners consumed extra calories at dinner. They also cannot tell whether other types of exercise would have the same effect as running, although Hunter says they suspect that if an activity causes someone to break into a sweat, it should also increase blood sugar and lactate, feeding the brain and weakening hunger’s call.63. According to the passage, ______ may cause many college students to overeat and gain weight.A. a lot of energy-consuming mental activitiesB. numerous physical movements or calorie burningC. failure to resist the temptation of delicious foodD. bodily hunger caused by physical growth64. The underlined word“counter”is closest in meaning to _____.A. stimulateB. maximizeC. balanceD. prevent65. What can be inferred from the passage?A. Running is more beneficial than walking.B. Sweating in exercise can make people hungrier.C. The amount of blood sugar and lactate can affect people’s appetite.D. When the brain feels exhausted, people tend to do exercise for relaxation.66. Which of the following statements is FALSE?A. Mental activities can make people feel hungry.B. Physical exercise can make people refreshed and stay hungry.C. Sugar and lactate can help energize and rest ore people’s brain.D. It’s uncertain what types of exercise can effectively feed the brain.Section CDirections : Complete the following passage by using the sentences given below . each sentence can be used only once. Note that there are two more sentences than you need.A. When something comes from within you ,you always try your best to analyze it in a scientific way .B. Psychologists call this private speech ----language that is spoken loud but directed at yourselfC. So words to the self , spoken silently or loud , are so much more than just chatterD. We keep the private speech we use as children inside ------but we never truly put away the out=loud version .E. According to he well-known saying , talking to yourself is the first sign of madness.F. Self-talk is efficient because when we are vocal about our thoughts , it makes a larger impact on our brain.Self-talk helps us allTalking to yourself may seem a little shameful . If you’ve ever been overheard criticizing yourself for a foolish mistake or practicing a speech , you’ll know the social problems it can cause.________67__________But there’s no need for embarrassment . Talking to ourselves , whether out loud or silently in our heads, is valuable . Far from being a sign of insanity , self-talk allows us to plan what we are going to do , manage our activities and control our emotions.For example , take a trip to any preschool and watch a small girl playing with her toys . You are very likely to hear her talking to herself : offering herself directions and talking about her problems. ________________68_______________We do a lot of it when we are young.As children ,according to the Russian Psychologist Lev Vygotsky , we use private speech to control our actions in the same way that we use public speech to control the behavior of others. As we grow older , we keep this system inside.Psychological experiments have shown that this so-called inner speech can improve our performance in tasks like telling what other people are thinking . Our words give us an interesting view of our actions . One recent study suggested that self-talk is most effective when we talk to ourselves in the second person : as “you” rather than “I”_____________69___________________If you want proof , turn to a sports channel . You’re sure to see an athlete shouting at himself or herself .Talking to ourselves seems to be a very good way of solving problems and working through ideas. Hearing different points of view means our thoughts can end up in different place , just like a regular dialogue , and might turn out to be one of the keys to human creativity.Both kinds of self-talk -----silent and out loud ----seem to bring many different benefits to our thinking ._____________70_______-Summary WritingDirections ; Read the following passage . Summarize in more than 60 words the main idea of the passage and how it is illustrated . Use your own words as far as possible.For thousands of years , people have sailed across the oceans to trade , explore and transport goods . However , not every ship arrives at its port of destination . Weather ,war , navigation mistakes and bad luck have caused many ships to sink to the bottom of the ocean. These shipwrecks , which are estimated to number more than three million , have long fascinated us . In addition to being historically important , they sometimes contain great riches.Historical research is a key motivator for shipwreck hunters . Ships carrying documents and artifact can teach us about ancient civilizations and important events . For instance , in 1997 the Pandora , which sank in 791, was discovered off the coast of Australia . The findings from the ship helped us understand the events surrounding the famous mutiny (暴动) on another ship ----- the Bounty . Another important discovery off the US coast in 1996 is widely believed to be the Queen Ann’s Revenge , the flagship of the private Blackbeard.Profit is another motive for shipwreck exploration ,as companies use advanced sonar , robots and retrieval equipment to find treasure ships . One such firm is Odyssey Marine Exploration . The company has found hundreds of ships , including , in 2007 , a Spanish sailing ship containing 500,000 silver coins. The ship , which sank 200 years ago in the Atlantic Ocean , carried a treasure estimated to be worth $500 million . Soon after the discovery , a long legal battle over ownership rights took place between the company and the Spanish government . Cases like these are part of an ongoing debate about protecting historically important ships from treasure hunters.TranslationDirections ; Translate the following sentences into English ,using the words given in the brackets.1，新颁布的禁烟令得到了广大市民的支持。
上海市杨浦区2017-2018学年度第一学期高三英语模拟质量调研 2017. 12
杨浦区2017-2018学年度第一学期高三模拟质量调研2017. 12满分140分。
考试时间120分钟。
第I卷（共100分）II. Grammar and VocabularySection ADirections: After reading the passage below, fill in the blanks to make the passages coherent and grammatically correct. For the blanks with a given word, fill in each blank with the proper form of the given word; for the other blanks, use one word that best fits each blank.It’s interesting when you think about how Japan is a nation (21) ______ appreciates the virtues of silence and good manners, and yet when it comes to eating noodles, Japanese people can be (22) ______ (loud) in the world.According to lifestyle website grapee.jp, slurping (发出"哧溜"声) when eating noodles (23) ______ (encourage) in Japanese culture. It’s believed that taking air into your mouth (24) ______ enhance the flavor of the noodles, and that it helps cool down the noodles. It’s also considered to be a way to show appreciation for the dish. Sometimes, just making the noise alone seems to make the noodles more enjoyable.It wasn’t until a new expression –“noodle harassment（骚扰）”-- came out last year on social media (25) ______ Japanese people started to realize that the slurping noise is making some foreign visitors uncomfortable.(26) ______ a response, Japanese instant noodle maker Nissin introduced a so-called noise-canceling fork last month. The fork, which looks like an electric toothbrush, is connected wirelessly to a smart phone. When the person using the fork starts to slurp, the fork sends a signal to the perso n’s phone, (27) ______ (make) it play a sound to mask the slurping noise.But is it really necessary? Dining traditions do vary. (28) ______ is considered to be proper table manners in one country is likely to be seen as rude in another. In India, people eat with their hands (29) ______ they think in this way they build a connection with the food. However, people who are used to eating with forks might find it uncomfortable to get their hands (30) ______ (cover) in oil and bits of food. But this eating method is part of Indian's culture, just like Japan's slurping is part of its own.“So, if your are eating noodles, whether that’s ramen, uudon, or soba, please slurp,” wrote reporter Brian Ashcraft on blog Kotaku. “If anyone gets annoyed while you are doing that, pay them no mind because they're missing the point entirely.”Section BDirections: Fill in each blank with a proper word chosen from the box. Each word can only be used once. Note that theresealing up critical wounds in the skin or the organs, without the need for staples or sutures（钉合或缝合）.It’s called MeTro. It was developed by researchers from both Harvard Medical School and the University of Sydney, led by Nasim Annabi, an assistant professor of chemical __31__. The glue is made from a modified（改良的）human protein that responds to UV light, allowing the application and drying of the gel-like substance in just a minute.According to the international team of researchers behind the glue, it could quite literally be a lifesaver, sealing up wounds in 60 seconds without stopping the natural __32__ and relaxing of the organ or the skin it’s applied to. Wounds __33__ with MeTro can heal up in half the time compared with stitches or staples, the researchers claim, and if surgery is required then MeTro can simplify that __34__ too. It's also one of several ways researchers are exploring to engineer our body's own natural substances to help repair it when needed.The __35__ applications are powerful – from treating serious __36__ wounds at emergency sites such as following car accidents and in war zones, as well as improving hospital surgeries.MeTro is simple to apply, can be easily s tored, and works closely with natural __37__ to heal a wound. What’s more, it degrades without leaving any kind of poisonous leftovers in the body.For now the trials are __38__ to animal models. But human trials are in the works, and the results to date are incredibly __39__. If the MeTro can be further developed into a __40__ product, it could become an essential part of a first responder’s toolkit.III. Reading ComprehensionSection ACompetition is good for businesses. In the world of navigation（导航）systems, however, competition is also a necessity --- it may not be wise to rely on foreign systems for positioning and tracking services. Now, ___41___ remarkable accuracy and reliability, China’s BeiDou system has made its presence felt.The BeiDou project was set up in 1994. The first BeiDou satellite was not launched until 2000. Now, ___42___, there are already more than 20 BeiDou satellites in orbit (轨道) . They form a ___43___ network that provides positioning, navigation and timing services for China and several other Asian countries.This “home-grown" system is now ___44___ a major upgrade. Earlier this month, two BeiDou-3 satellites, the first of China’s most powerful ___45___of navigation satellites, were launched into space. The launch marks the b eginning of the global ___46___ of the BeiDou navigation system. Over the next three years, China plans to send up 30 more BeiDou-3 satellites; The expanded navigation system will ___47___ create a network that is able to support military and civilian applications around the world.Scientists involved in the project said the new system would give civilian users an accuracy of 2.5 meters to five meters, overtaking that of the ___48___ positioning technologies. BeiDou’s chief designer said the new satellites would be able to __49___ which lane a car is using on a motorway and __50___ the swing of a building in high winds. It will also be able to guide fire trucks to the nearest water hydrant (消防栓).The Chinese military, meanwhile, will be able to use coded signals for millimeter（毫米）___51___ .China is only the third country in the world to develop a navigation system on its own, after the United States (GPS) and Russia (GLONASS). Developing BeiDou is a necessity. The system __52___ national security by ending a reliance on foreign systems. Moreover, it enhances China’s international reputation for technological ___53___.For most of us, the benefits of the new satellite system will be felt in a couple of years when more phones are ___54___ with BeiDou chips (芯片). Many smartphones today still use GPS and GLONASS. That’ll soon change with the development of BeiDou. One product manager ___55___ most smartphones to be able to receive BeiDou signals. He says: “In three years’ time, people may still say ‘I’m using GPS’, but in fact, their phone is tune in to BeiDou. ”41. A. dominating B. boasting C. shifting D. inputting42. A. however B. afterwards C. moreover D. therefore43. A. continental B. local C. domestic D. regional44. A. enduring B. encountering C. undergoing D. processing45. A. generation B. information C. examination D. revolution46. A. extension B. expansion C. interaction D. invasion47. A. objectively B. eventually C. sufficiently D. essentially48. A. existing B. progressing C. upcoming D. everlasting49. A. explore B. investigate C. spot D. remind50. A. detect B. prevent C. protect D. adjust51. A. privacy B. accuracy C. fluency D. currency52. A. convinces B. insures C. highlights D. strengthens53. A. innovation B. consumption C. emission D. exhibition54. A. decorated B. furnished C. equipped D. connected55. A. respects B. instructs C. inspects D. expectsSection B(A)A Swedish power plant is taking reuse and recycle to the next level by burning unusable clothing instead of coal, Bloomberg reports.Retail giant Hennes & Mauritz, more commonly known as H&M, is helping the utility transition away from coal through its moldy (发霉的) or otherwise unsalable clothing.The multi-fuel power and heating station in Västerås, central Sweden, is planning to be completely fossil-fuel free by 2020. It’s the largest station of its kind and Sweden claims it’s one of Europe’s cleanest. To kick its coal habit, the station is turning instead to other burnable materials including recycled wood, rubbish and yes, clothes.“Our goal is to use only renewable and recycled fuels,” Jens Neren, head of fuel supplies at the utilit y company which owns and operates the Västerås plant, told Bloomberg.Johanna Dahl, head of communications for H&M in Sweden, told Bloomberg that the company allows only the burning of clothes which are no longer safe to use.“It is our legal obligation t o make sure that clothes that contain mold or do not meet the requirements of our strict restriction on chemicals are destroyed,” she said.The Västerås plant has burned around 15 tons of old H&M clothes so far this year, compared with about 400,000 tons of rubbish, Neren told Bloomberg.Sweden has one of the world’s greener energy generating systems, and has invested in bioenergy, solar power and electric buses. In 2015, the Scandinavian country announced an ambitious aim to become one of the first nations in the world to end its dependence on fossil fuels. According to the Swedish government, the country has already heavily reduced its dependence on oil, which accounted for 75% of the energy supply in 1970, and now makes up a 20% share.56. Which of the following can serve as fuel in the Västerås plant?A. Fashionable coats in H&M chain store.B. Old TV sets deserted as rubbish.C. Wooden furniture in second-hand shop.D. H&M clothes unsuitable for sale.57. The underlined word in the last paragraph “generating” is closest in meaning to ______.A. eliminatingB. adjustingC. producingD. circulating58.What can we learn from the passage?A. The Swedish government discourages the development of bioenergy.B. Clothes only take up a small proportion of the burning material.C. Sweden’s fossil-fuel free plan is almost accomplished by now.D. Sweden has an ambition to be the cleanest country in the world.59. What is the main idea of the passage?A. A Swedish power plant is burning unusable H&M clothes for fuel.B. The Swedish government aims high and is taking effective action.C. H&M is looking for a new way to strengthen its position in fashion.D. Coal and oil are no longer regarded as the primary fuels in Sweden.(B)RAINFOREST ADVENTURE TIPS(1) Find out about the trail and surroundings, be sure that you have enough time to complete the entire route before darkness falls. Do not stray off the path to chase after animals.(2) Use good judgment regarding the fitness level required for the trek（徒步跋涉）, and know your physical limits.(3) Always inform the park officials or let someone know of your plans and destination for the day, especially if going alone.(4) Take plenty of water and pack a few easy to eat snacks to keep energy level up. Unless trekking with a local guide, it is not advisable to eat jungle fruit or drink from any water source.(5) Be as quiet as possible to avoid scaring any wildlife. Getting an early start during the dawn provides the best chance to sight animals seeking food and the warmth of the early morning sun.(6) Wear thin, loose, preferably cotton clothing to remain comfortable.(7). Cover arms and legs with long trousers and long-sleeved shirts to ward off mosquitoes and to provide protectionagainst thorny plants.(8) Be prepared for sudden rain showers by carrying a poncho that wraps over both body and your carrying pack to keep everything dry.(9) Choose footwear with proper ankle support and good traction.(10) A wide brimmed that helps to shade a trekker from the heat of the tropical60. Before an adventure, a trekker should ______.A. tell the park officials his destination and time scheduleB. pack up some jungle fruit juice and pre-cooked mealsC. consult a local guide about the most adventurous routeD. have his fitness level assessed at the tourist center61. Which of the following is NOT suitable for a rainforest trekking?A. Long-sleeved cotton shirts.B. Tight sports shorts.C. Hiking boots.D. A wide brimmed hat.62. If a trekker starts out at dawn, he may ______.A. escape being caught in the rainB. sight scared wildlifeC. enjoy the heat of the tropical sunD. see animals seeking food(C)The largest genetic study of mosquitoes has found their ability to resist insecticides is evolving rapidly and spreading across Africa, putting millions of people at higher risk of contracting malaria（疟疾）.British scientists who led the work said mosquitoes' growing resistance to control tools such as insecticide-treated bed nets and insecticide spraying, which have helped cut malaria cases since 2000, now threatens “to disturb malaria control” in Africa.“Our study highlights the severe challenges facing public efforts to control mosquitoes and to manage and limit insecticide resistance,” said Martin Donnelly of the Liverpool School of Tropical Medicine, who worked on the study with a team from Britain’s Wellcome Trust Sanger Institute.Latest World Health Organization (WHO) data show that 216 million people were infected last year with the malaria parasite (寄生虫), which is transmitted by blood-sucking Anopheles mosquitoes.The disease killed 445,000 people in 2016, and the majority of them were children in sub-Saharan Africa.To understand how mosquitoes are evolving, the researchers sequenced the DNA of 765 wild Anopheles mosquitoes taken from 15 locations across eight African countries. Their work, published in the journal Nature on Wednesday, created the largest data resource on natural genetic variation for any species of insect.Analyzing the data, the scientists found that the Anopheles gambiae mosquitoes（冈比亚疟蚊）were extremely genetically diverse （多样化的） compared with most other animal species. This high genetic diversity enables rapid evolution, they said, and helps to explain how mosquitoes develop insecticide resistance so quickly.The data also showed the rapid evolution of insecticide resistance appeared to be due to many previously unknown genetic variants（变体）within certain genes. The scientists said these genetic variants for insecticide resistance were not only emerging independently in different parts of Africa, but were also being spread across the continent by mosquito migration.Michael Chew, an expert at Britain’s Wel lcome Trust global health charity which helped fund the research, said the finds underlined the importance of pushing scientific research ahead to control malaria.Global efforts to control malaria through effective vaccine, insecticides and the best drug combinations require urgent, united action by scientists, drug companies, governments and the WHO.63. Which of the following is scientists’ headache?A. The number of mosquitoes in Africa is growing rapidly.B. Some genetic variants of mosquitoes are still unknown.C. The existing insecticides aren’t as effective as they used to be.D. Millions of African people have resistance to medicines for malaria.64. Malaria cases can be cut by ______.A. threatening drug companiesB. spraying insecticidesC. limiting blood donationD. transmitting data65. What CANNOT be concluded from the passage?A. Children are more likely to be bit by mosquitoes.B. Many previously unknown variants are found in the study.C. The mosquito migration contributes to the spread of variants.D. Anopheles mosquitoes have great genetic diversity.66. Which is FALSE about the genetic study of mosquitoes?A. It created the largest data on natural genetic variation for any insect species.B. It found the possible causes for the rapid evolution of insecticide resistance.C. It discovered where the genetic variants emerged and how they were spread.D. It highlighted the public efforts and appealed to limit the use of insecticides.Section CDirections: Read the following passage. Fill in each blank with a proper sentence given in the box. Each sentence can be used only once. Note that there are two more sentences than you need.Imagine you're standing in line to buy an afterschool snack at a store. You step up to the counter and the cashier scans your food. Next, you have to pay. But instead of scanning a QR code with your smartphone, you just hold out your hand so the cashier can scan your fingerprint. Or, a camera scans your face, your eyes or even your ear.__________67__________ As technology companies move away from traditional password, biometric（生物识别）security, which includes fingerprint, face and voice ID, is becoming increasingly popular.In 2013, Apple introduced the iPhone 5s, one of the first smartphones with a fingerprint scanner. Since then, using one’s fingerprint to unlock a phone and make mobile payments has become commonplace, bringing convenience to our lives. And since last year, Samsung has featured eye-scanning technology in its top smartphones, while Apple’s new iPhone X can even scan a user’s face.__________68__________ “Biometrics, ideally, are good,” John Michener, a biometric expert, told tech website Inverse. “In practice, not so much.”When introducing the new iP hone’s Face ID feature at Apple’s Keynote Event in September, Phil Schiller, Apple’s senior vice president, said, “__________69__________”But it’s already been done. In a video posted on community website Reddit on Nov 3, two brothers showed how they wer e each able to unlock the same iPhone X using their own face, Quartz reported. And they aren’t even twins.“We may expect too much from biometrics,” Anil Jain, a computer science professor at Michigan State University, told CBS news. “No security systems are perfect.”Earlier this year, Jain found a way to trick biometric security. Using a printed copy of a thumbprint, she was able to unlock a dead person's smartphone for police.“It’s good to see biometrics being used more,” Jain told CBS News, “becaus e it adds another factor for security. __________70__________”IV. Summary WritingDirections: Read the following passage. Summarize the main idea and the main point(s) of the passage in no more than 60 words. Use your own words as far as possible.It’s a common sight to see food delivery workers riding electric bikes through big cities in China. Most of them seem to be in a hurry, as they run red lights to deliver their meals in time. However, such reckless（鲁莽的）behavior often causes serious problems.In the first half of this year, food delivery drivers had 76 traffic accidents in Shanghai alone, according to the Shanghai Public Security Bureau. This means that on average, there is a food delivery worker that gets hurt or even dies on the road in Shanghai every 2.5 days.Other cities also share similar problems. In Nanjing, three people died and 2,473 were injured in road accidents related to food delivery workers in the same period, according to the Ministry of Public Security.The rise of reckless behavior among food delivery workers is closely related to the growing demand for their service, reported People’s Daily. About 150 million people in China use food delivery services, according to China Radio International (CRI). Such a big market has led to a large demand for food delivery workers, with some companies offering high salaries to attract new workers.However, food delivery workers are often under high pressure from their employers. They face company fines of 20 yuan for delivering food late and upwards of 200 yuan for receiving complaints, reported CRI. Moreover, the more orders they take, the more commission（佣金）they can earn, leading to some workers checking their mobile phones for new orders while they're riding their bikes.While most c ompanies have measures requiring delivery workers to follow traffic rules, “there remains a problem of whether these requirements and rules for delivery workers are truly entering their ears, brains and hearts,” Wang Liang, deputy head of the Traffic Police Security Bureau, told news website The Paper.To solve the problem, some cities have taken action. Shanghai has asked companies to train their workers on traffic rules and safety. Now in Shenzhen, if a delivery worker gets caught breaking traffic rules more than twice, he or she will be banned from driving food delivery vehicles for a whole year.第II卷（共40分）I. Translation71. 这个比赛旨在鼓励年轻人继承中国文化的传统。
2017届高三英语第二次(4月)质量调研试题
2017届高三英语第二次（4月）质量调研试题(时间120分钟，满分140分)I. Listening ComprehensionSection A听力（略）II. Grammar and VocabularySection ADirections: After reading the passage below, fill in the blanks t o make the passage coherent and grammatically correct. For the blanks with a given word, fill in each blank with the proper form of the given word; for the other blanks, use one word tha t best fits each blank.Whether in the workplace or the football field , effective team work can produce amazing results , However , _____21______ _(work) successfully as a team is not as easy as it may seem. Effective teamwork certainly does not just happen automatica lly , it takes a great deal of hard work and compromise . There are a number of factors ____22___must be in place to make a good team.Effective leadership is one of the most important factors of go od teamwork . The team’s leader should possess the skills __ __23____(create) a positive working environment and motivat e and inspire the team members to talk a positive approach to work and be committed. An effective team leader will promot e a high level of spirit and make them feel ____24_____（value）Communication is a vital factor of all interpersonal relationship and especially that of a team . Team members must be able t o express their feelings , share ideas and see each other’s opi nions.Conflicts will arise ____25____well a team functions together . The best way to deal with conflicts is to have some organized methods of handling conflicts. Team members should be able to voice their concerns ____26_____fear of offending others. I nstead of avoiding conflict issues , a practical approach that _ ___27____(settle) them quickly is much better . It is often advi sed that the team leader sit with the conflicting parties and hel p work out their differences without taking sides and try to rem ain objective if possible .The team leader ___28____set a good example to create goo d teamwork . In order to keep team members positive and mo tivated , the team leader ____29_____needs to show these qualities . The team turns to the leader for support and guidance . So any negative words or behaviors on the leader’s part can be disastrous.Regardless of ___30_____type of work you are in , knowing h ow to effectively work on and with a team is going to be extre mely important to your success and that of your team.Section BDirections: Fill in each blank with a proper word chosen from t he box. Each word can be used only once. Note that there is one word more than you need.A. approachB. shapeC. previouslyD. evidentE. secretF. dateG. hardly H.remains I. irrelevant J. potential K. par ticularlySwedish Archaeologists Make New Discoveries Archaeologists have begun exploring an unknown ancient city at a village called Vlochos , five hours north of Athens . The Archaeological ____31______are scattered on and around the Strongiloveni hill on the great Thessaliam plains and can be tr aced to several historical periods.“What used to be considered remains of some _____32____se ttlement can now be upgraded to remains of a city higher sign ificance than _____33______thought,” says Robin Ronnland , PhD student in Classical Archaeology and Ancient History at t he university of Gotheoburg and leader of the firework.“We came across the site which has never been explored bef ore in connection with another project last year and retailed th e great __34_____right away .”Working together with the Swedish Institute at Athens and the local archaeological service in Karditsa , the Vlochos Archac ological Project (VLAP) was started with an aim to explore the remains . The project’s research team completed the first fiel d season during two weeks in September 2016.Ronnlund says that the hill is hiding many ____35_____. R emains of towers , walls and city gates can be found on the m ountaintop and slopes , but __36_____anything is visible on th e ground below . The ambition is to avoid digging and instead use ____37____such as ground—penetrating radar. This will enable the team to leave the site i n the same ____38____as it was in when they arrived. The su ccess of this method is _____39____from the results of the firs t field season.“ We found a town square and a street network that indicatethat we are dealing with quite a large city . The area inside th e city wall measured over 40 hectares . We also found ancien t pottery and coins that can help to ___40____the city . Our old est finds are from around 500 BC, but the city seems to have f lourished mainly from the fourth to the third century BC before it was abandoned for some reason , maybe in connection wit h the Roman conquest of the area.Ronnlund believes that the Swedish-Greek project can provide important clues as to what happen ed during this violent period in Greek history.III. Reading ComprehensionSection ADirections: For each blank in the following passage there are f our words or phrases marked A, B, C and D. Fill in each blank with the word or phrase that best fits the context.Why College is Not HomeThe college years are supposed to be a time for important gro wth in autonomy (自主性) and the development of adult identity . However , now the y are becoming an ___41____period of adolescence , during which many of today’s students are not shouldered with adult _____42____.In the past two decades , continued connections with and ___ 43____on family , thanks to cell phones , email and social me dia , have increased significantly . Some parents go so far as to help with coursework . Instead of promoting the idea of coll ege as a passage from the shelter of the family to autonomy , universities have ____44_____to the idea that they should pro vide the same environment as that of the home.To prepare for increased autonomy and responsibility , coll ege need to be a time of ___45____and experimentation . This process involves “trying on” new ways of thinking about ones elf both intellectually and personally ._____46_____we should provide “safe spaces” within colleges , we must also make it s afe to express opinions and challenge majority views.____47_ ____ growth and flexibility are fostered by strict debate and qu estioning .Learning to deal with the ___48____world is equally importa nt . Because a college community （群体） differs from the family , many students will struggle to fin d a sense of ____49___. If students rely on administrations to___50_____their social behavior and thinking pattern ,they are not facing the challenge of finding an identity ,within a larger and complex community .______51___,the tendency for universities to monitor and _ _52_____student behavior runs up against another characteris tic of young adults: the response to being controlled by their el ders . If acceptable social behavior is too strictly defined (规定)， the insensitive or aggressive behavior that administrator s are seeking to minimize many actually be _____53___. It is not surprising that young people are likely to burst out , partic ularly when there are reasons to do so .Our generation once joined hands and stood from at times o f national emergence . What is lacking today is the _____54__ __between desire for autonomy and their understanding of an unsafe world. Therefore , there is the desire for their home to be replacement homes and not places to experience growth . But Every college discussion about community values ,social climates and behavior should include ___55__of the developm ent importance of students autonomy and self-regulation.41. A. expanded B. educational C. expectedD. extended42. A. responsibilities B. abilities C. knowledge D. experience43. A. concentration B. dependence C. influence D. d ecision44. A. give up B. give away C. give in D. give out45. A. instruction B. exploration C. reflection D. prep aration46. A. When B. While C. Since D. If47. A. Intellectual B. Spiritual C. Logical D. Psycho logical48. A. adult B. virtual C. real D. social49. A. satisfaction B. duty C. belonging D. curiosit y50. A. understand B. train C. protect D. regulate51. A. Therefore B. Moreover C. Thus D. Howeve r52. A. change B. criticize C. shape D. motivate53. A. encouraged B. challenged C. agreed D. reali zed54. A. difference B. tension C. balance D. conflict55. A. observation B. recognition C. determination D. ju dgmentSection BDirections:Read the following three passages. Each passage is followed by several questions or unfinished statements. For each of th em there are four choices marked A. B, C and D. Choose the one that fits best according to the information given in the pas sage you have just read.(A)The Right Thing“ Hi , Mrs , Grady ,” said Mark when their neighbor opened he r door. “ Would you like us to shovel your sidewalk and drivew ay ?” Shoveling was Jamie’s idea , a way to earn enough mon ey for the new Ocean Kingdom video game that came out the next day .Mrs .Grady was happy , “ That would be wonderful , boys . I think the job is getting to be too much for me .“It will cost 10 dollars ,” Jamie said .” If that’s OK “, Mark ad ded .‘ Oh dear , “ Mrs. Grady said disappointedly , “ I haven’t be en able to get to the bank . I can offer homemade cookies ,but I realize that’s not what you had in mind .”Mark was going to say that Mrs . Grady could pay them a nother time , but Jamie cut him off .“We’ll come back later .” Mrs. Grady doesn’t look like the person who’d come to his rescue last summer when Mr. Dunn’s collie , Goldie had just wanted to play , but Mark didn’t feel comfortable around big d ogs . He wanted to call for help , but his tongue seemed locke d behind his teeth. Then Mrs . Grady ‘s front door had flown o pen . She must have seen him from across the street. ‘ Hold o n , Mark . I’m coming !”“Goldie”she’d called . As soon as Gol die had turned her head , Mrs . Grady had slipped between M ark and the dog . She wasn’t much taller than Mark , but she’d stood firm as a rock in front of him. ‘ Goldie , go home!” Then she’d swept her broom to hurry the dog along .”Get!” Goldie had obeyed.When Mark showed thanks to Mrs.Grady , Mrs. Grady laug hed .” It was nothing . Good neighbors watch out for each oth er , don’t they ? “And now Mrs. Grady needed Mark as much as he’d needed her last summer. He smiled and waved at Mrs. Grady , then his shovel deep into the snow.“Hey!” Jamie shouted . “What are you doing ?” Mark couldn’t explain about Goldie and watching out for neighbors .” I like Mrs. Grady’s cookies ,” he said .56. Why did Jamie and Mark plan to clear the snow for Mrs . Grany at first?A. To help the ladyB. To earn pocket moneyC. To do volunteer workD. To visit New Kingdom57. Mrs . Grady couldn’t pay them most probably because __ ______.A. she didn’t have enough cashB. she couldn’t find the ba nkC. she thought it was worthlessD. she couldn’t afford it58. According to the story, which of the following word can n ot be used to describe Mrs.Grady ?A. PositiveB. HelpfulC. BraveD. Hopeful59. Which of the following proverb can best summarize the st ory ?A. A penny saved is a penny earnedB. Kindness is repaid with kindnessC. A clear conscienceD. Actions speak louder than wor kBThis is What a Real Sliver Dollar Looks LikeIf you trust in the yen , the euro , and the dollar --------stop readingBecause this is a story about the sliver coin , EVERYDODY w ants .You read the headlines. You know that troubled economic tim es have put global currency on a rollercoaster(过山车) ride. But millions have found a smarter way to build longte rm value with highgrade collectable silver. And right now, thos e people are lining up to secure some of the last 2012 U．S. Mint Silver Eagles, America's Newest Silver Eagle Dollars. To day, you can graduate to the front of that line. Buy now and y ou can own these brilliant uncirculated Silver Dollars for only$38.95!You Can't Afford to LoseWhy are we releasing(发行) this silver dollar for such a remarkable price? Because we want to introduce you to what hundreds of thousands of smart collectors and satisfied customers have known since 1984—New York Mint is the place to find the world's finest highgrade coins. That's why we're offering you this Brilliant Uncirculated 2012 U．S.Silver Eagle for as little as $37.45(plus s/h)．Timing is EverythingOur advice? Keep this to yourself. Because the more peo ple who know about this offer, the worse it is for you. Demand for Silver Eagles in 2011 broke records. Experts predict that 2012 Silver Eagles may break them all over again. Due to rapi d changes in the price of silver, prices may be higher or lower and are subject to(受……影响) change without notice. Supplies are limited. Call immediat ely to add these Silver Eagles to your holdings before it's too l ate.Offer Limited to 40 per household2012 American Silver Eagle CoinYour cost 14 Coins $38.95 each＋s/h59 Coins $38.45 each＋s/h1019 Coins $37.95 each＋s/h2040 Coins $37.45 each＋s/hNote：$10 s/h(shipping and handling) for each purchaseFor fastest service, call tollfree 24 hours a day 188********Offer Code(代码) ASE17704Please mention this code when you call.New York Mint14101 Southcross Drive W．， Dept.ASE17704 Burnsville, Minnesota 5533760. Suppose you want to purchase seven 2017 U.S . Mint Sliv er Engles by post , you should pay at least _________.A. $ 273.55B. $263.55C. $275.65D. $266.5561. The 2017 Sliver Eagle is worth purchasing mainly because _________A. the price of the coin is favorableB. the coin is of lasting high qualityC. the coin is popular among collectorsD. it can be circulate d as a currency62. If you are not willing to pay for the service , you can purch ase the silver coin by _________.A. shopping on www.New York Mint .comB. dialing the nu mber 1-888-201-7143C. writing to the enterpriseD. lining up in front of the stores in personC"Today, technical innovations dominate our everyday life in m any areas. New technologies, however, always are associate d with risks -- and these are also seen by laymen," says Christoph Böhmer t, first author of the recently published study and researcher of the Science Communication Group of KIT's Institute for Germ an Studies. "It is crucial to enable adequate communication b etween science and society, which does not only consider sci entific findings, but also concerns of the population." The stud y clearly showed that communication of risks may be complic ated sometimes. Information on efficient precautions was foun d to lead to an increased risk perception by the recipients of t he information.In their study, the researchers analyzed communication about a technology that has become indispensable in our life -- mobile communications and the electromagnetic fields （电磁场）on which it is based. All over the world, radiation protection au thorities, such as the German Federal Office for Radiation Pro tection, communicate the current state of research into risks o f electromagnetic fields as follows: Investigations made and al l findings obtained so far do not allow any conclusions to be d rawn with respect to mobile communications being a risk for h uman health. But, the experts continue, there still are knowled ge gaps as regards long-term impacts. Then, measures are recommended to reduce e xposure of the individual to electromagnetic fields.It had been known from previous studies already that informat ion on precautions may increase worries. It had been suspect ed that people conclude from the recommendation of precauti ons that there really is a risk. This effect was not confirmed by the recent study. The scientists rather attributed the increase d worries to a lack of knowledge about the propagation(传播) of electromagnetic fields.Within the framework of the study, the recommended precauti ons were submitted to 1717 Australians, together with one ofsix information brochures providing scientific background infor mation. When test persons were given not only the recommen dations, but also explained why observation of these tips stro ngly reduces their exposure to electromagnetic fields, worries increased. For example, scientists explained to the test perso ns that telephone conversations with a headset largely reduce exposure. When a mobile phone is located ten centimeters in stead of just one centimeter away from the ear, the electric po wer absorbed by the ear is about one hundredth of the initial v alue. Hence, the own mobile phone usually causes an exposu re that by far exceeds that of mobile communications stations that are generally referred to as "cellphone towers." While the scientists wanted to explain the effectiveness of precautions, t est persons mainly considered this information to be an indica tion of their mobile phone -- not the transmission towers -- being dangerous. As a result, they perceived increased risk potentials for telephone conversations with their mobile phone s."The study reveals that messages on precautions and informa tion are a double-edged sword in terms of subjective risk perception. Their use should be far better understood," Boehmert says.63. Which of the following statements is TRUE according to the passage ?A. Adequate information on efficient precautions can relieve t he concerns of the publicB. Mobile communications definitely do harm to people’s heal th in the long run.C. Information about technologies and their risks may have u ndesired side effects.D. Observation of the precautions can help reduce the conce rns of the public66. According to the passage ,we can conclude that the best way to relieve the inappriate worries is to __________.A. enable the users to know better of science and technology .B. produce new electric products with a lower radiation valueC. provide the public with less information on effective precaut ionD. inform the public about the potential risks with more patien ce65. The word “precaution” ( first appears in paragraph 1) in bold letters has the closets meaning to _______-A. introductionB. intentionC. recommendationD. prevetion66. Which of the following might be the best title of the passa ge ?A. Science and Technology : A Double –edged SwordB. Technical Innovation : Worries and InformationC. Science and Technology: Security Tips for UsersD. Technical Innovations : Effectiveness of Precautions . Section CDirections: Read the following passage. Fill in each blank with a proper sentence given in the box. Each sentence can be us ed only once. Note that there are two more sentences than yo u need.To Please Your Friends, Tell Them What They Already Knew The research emeraged out of some real-life observations shared by Gilbert and co-authors Gus Cooney and Timothy D. Wilson：“Conversation is the most common of all human social activiti es, and doing it well requires that we know what our conversa tion partners most want to hear.___67___”says psychological scientist Daniel T, Gilbert of Harvard University.“When our friends try to tell us about movies we’ve never see n or albums we’ve never heard, we usually find ourselves bor ed, confused, and underwhelmed. ___68___. And yet, as soon as it’s our turn to speak, we do exactlly the same thing to our friends – with exactly the same consequences. We wanted to understand why this happens.”Gilbert explains. The research ers decided to do this by conducting a series of experiments. In their first experiment, the researchers assigned participants to groups of three, with one person acting as the speaker and the other two acting as listeners. Speakers watched a video a nd then tried do describe it to the listeners. Some of the listen ers had seen the video the speakere was describing, and oth ers had not.___69___. When the speakers were done speaking, the listen ers rated them on these aspects. The results showed that spe akers’ predictions were exactly backwards. Speakers expecte d listeners to respond more positively to their stories when the listeners had not seen the video they were describing ___70_ __. Although speakers expected listeners to enjoy hearing about a novel experience more than a familiar one, it was actuall y the other way around.A second study showed that when asked to predict their own r eactions before hearing the story, listeners made the same mi stake that speakers did.Ⅳ. Summary WritingDirections：Read the following passage. Summarize the main idea and th e main point(s) of the passage in no more than 60 words. Use your own words as far as possible.Moving My CurfewFor some time now , I have had an 8:00 p.m. curfew ---the time by which I have to be at home , even on weekends. When I was younger , I didn’t really complain . But now I have reached an age when this curfew is no longer suitable . For s everal reasons , it is clearly time to move my curfew to 10:00 p.m. on weekends.First of all , I ’m soon going to be an adult , like all teenagers , I need practice handling the greater freedom that goes along with being an adult . When teenagers don’t get practice han dling freedom , they often make many serious mistakes. For e xample , some teenagers go away to college and suddenly th ey don’t know how to handle it , and they get into trouble . I be lieve it is better to increase freedom gradually . That may the t eenager learners how to handle freedom responsibly . I believ e I could handle a later curfew without making serious mistak es in judgment.A later curfew is also important to me because I’m an active s tudent . As you know , I am often on the committee in charge of running extra-curricular activities .Because of my present curfew , I have to f inish school activities over an hour before they are over. Othe rs students must take over for me when I leave . A 10:00 curf ew would allow me to stay until the end of school functions an d give me enough time to get home without rushing .Finally , I am a teenager who can be trusted to handle a 10:00 p.m curfew . I know that many teenagers cannot handle muc h responsibility . However , I am clearly not that kind of teena ger. I have proven myself to be a very responsible person . Fo r example , I have never been in serious trouble , either at sch ool or in the company . I also hold a part-time job and still manage to maintain a “B” average in school .In other words , I am a person who uses my time wisely , me ets responsibilities an stays out of trouble .V. TranslationDirections: Translate the following sentences into English, usi ng the words given in the brackets.72. 现如今人们越来越关注自己的生活品质。
2017届上海市杨浦区高三英语二模试卷(含听力文本和答案)
杨浦区2016学年第二学期高三模拟质量调研英语学科试卷2017.4I. Listening ComprehensionSection ADirections: In Section A, you will hear ten short conversations between two speakers. At the end of each conversation, a question will be asked about what was said. The conversations and the questions will be spoken only once. After you hear a conversation and the question about it, read the four possible answers on your paper, and decide which one is the best answer to the question you have heard.1. A. 1:00 p.m. B. 2:03 p.m.C. 2:30 p.m.D. 2:45p.m.2. A. Jon Smith isn't in right now.B. The man dialed the wrong number.C. John Smith can't answer the phone right now.D. The woman is busy working and can't find John Smith.3. A. Delivering newspaper. B. Picking fruit. C. Baby-sitting. D. Posting advertisements4. A. At home. B. At a hair-dresser.C. In the office.D. In a library.5. A. Cook and baker. B. Waitress and diner.C. Tailor and customer.D. Boss and secretary.6. A. The man forgot saying something about the exam.B. The man said something that annoyed Jess.C. The man didn't care about the exam.D. The man kept talking in the exam.7. A. The boys are badly spoiled.B. The man gives them too much money.C. They should learn to manage money.D. She wants to save money for the boys.8. A. Delighted. B. Excited.C. Puzzled.D. Disappointed.9. A. Rebecca doesn't work hard enough.B. Rebecca never falls asleep in class.C. Rebecca has a Japanese cultural background.D. R ebecca's parents urge her to have more sleep.10. A. Cindy is satisfied with her new hair style.B. C indy is suffering from a serious hair loss.C. Cindy found her new image unbelievably nice.D. C indy's hairstylist didn't understand her requirement.Section BDirections: In Section B, you will hear several longer conversation(s) and short passage (s), and you will be asked several questions on each of the conversation(s) and the passage(s). The conversation(s) and passage(s) will be read twice, but the questions will be spoken only once. When you hear a question, read the four possible answers on your paper and decide which one would be the best answer to the question you have heard.Questions 11 through 13 are based on the following passage.11. A. In Sichuan province in 2013.B. In Washington, DC in 2000.C. In Washington, DC in 2013.D. In Sichuan province in 2000.12. A. She was seriously ill.B. Her parents missed her too much.C. She was not accustomed to the food there.D. P andas bom outside China must come back before 4.13. A. Many US people saw her off at the airport.B. It took her 6 hours to come back home by plane.C. She was accompanied by a diplomat and a doctor.D. A variety of food was prepared on the plane by Chinese zoo.Questions 14 through 16 are based on the following passage.14. A. They speak too carefully.B. They don't like foreigners.C. They use jokes and slang.D. They are poor at communication.15. A. You are as beautiful as a queen. B. No problems.C. You are serious about small matters.D. Don't play dramas.16. A. Imitate their pronunciation.B. Point out their lack of patience.C. Learn to speak internationally.D. Ask them to speak slowly and clearly.Questions 17 through 20 are based on the following conversation.17. A. A cell phone that had just been released.B. A cell phone whose price had just dropped.C. A cell phone that many reviews recommended.D. A cell phone that the woman thought had some problems.18. A. He was afraid the product he wanted would be sold out soon.B. He thought that the new technology was worth the full price.C. He predicted that prices of well-designed products would go up.D. He knew products from this company seldom offered a discount.19. A. She picked one model and bought it without hesitation.B. She was always the first one to try out latest models.C. She often consulted product reviews before purchase.D. She compared prices and bought the more expensive one.20. A. Most companies overstate the functions of their products.B. Different people have different values and principles.C. The man admitted that he bought the cell phone too hastily.D. The woman was more experienced in buying expensive products.II .Grammar and V ocabularySection AI was standing in the checkout line behind a woman who looked to be in __21__ 60s. When it was her turn to pay, the cashier greeted her by name and asked her how she was doing.The woman looked down, ___22___（shake）her head and said:“Not so good.”My husband just lost his job and my son is up to his old tricks again. The truth is, I don’t know how I’m going to get through the holidays.”Then she gave the cashier food stamps.My heart ached. I wanted to help but didn’t know how.（23）______I offer to pay for her groceries or ask for her husband’s resume?As I walked into the parking lot, I saw the women ___（24）（return）her shopping cart. I remembered something in my purse（25）________I thought could help her. It wasn’t a handful of cash or an offer of a job for her husband, but maybe it would make her life better.My heart pounded as I approached the woman.“Excuse me,”I said, my voice trembling a bit.“I couldn’t help overhearing what you said to the cashier. It sounds like you’re going through a really hard time right now. I’m so sorry. I’d like to give you something.”I handed her the small card from my purse.When the woman read the card’s only two words, she began to cry. And through her tears, she said：“You have no idea（26）_______ this means to me.”I was a little startled by her reply.（27）________（not do）anything like this before, I didn’t know what kind of reaction I might receive. All left for me (28)_______（say）was：“Oh. Would it be OK to give you a hug?”（29）________we embraced, I walked back to my car --and began to cry, too.The words on the card?“You Matter.”A few weeks earlier, a colleague gave me a similar card（30）____ encouragement for a project I was working on. When I read the card, I felt a warm glow spread inside of me. Deeply touched, I came home and ordered my own box of You Matter card and started sharing them.Section BA.technologyB. contemporaryC. stretchedD. hiddenE.recognizedF. discoveryG. updatedH. extensiveI. countlessJ. estimatedK. definitionkids may be adding one more to that list.According to a recent paper published in the Geological Society of American Journal by a group of researchers,“Zealandia” is a new continent that’s ___31___ beneath the ocean.Zealandia is ___32___ to be five million sq km. Most of this massive area is covered by water, but its highest mountains already have their own name：New Zealand.The small country is the only part of Zealandia that isn’t underwater, but the paper’s authors want the huge landmass to be ___33___ worldwide as its own continent.“The scientific value of classifying Zealandia as a continent is much more than just an extraname on a list,”the researchers wrote in their paper.Scientists discovered Zealandia all the way back in 1995, then started ___34___ research on the area using underwater and satellite mapping ___35___. After completing their work, they were finally able to write a report suggesting that Zealandia be named a continent.But who decides on what is a continent and what isn’t? There is, in fact, no official organization that does. Some countries’ schools teach that there are six or even five continents. This changes depending on where in the world school is.Due to their __36__ as a “continuous expanse of land”,some classify Europe and Asia as the same continent -- known as Eurasia. Schools in Russia and parts of Eastern Europe teach this.And to make things even more confusing, France and Greece, as well as other countries, classify North America and South America as simply America.This argument over how land is defined has even ___37___ into outer space. In 2006, the International Astronomical Union（IAU）decided that Pluto was no longer a planet, 76 years after its ___38___ in 1930. Experts argued that it no longer met the requirements needed to be called a planet alongside the eight others in our solar system. It was therefore renamed a “dwarf planet（矮行星）”，meaning that ___39___ books, models and museum exhibits all over the world had to be ___40___.But will the world take the same notice of Zealandia? The best way to tell is to keep an eye on our textbooks.Ⅲ.Reading ComprehensionSection AGood news for awkward teenagers around the world. As time goes by, you could ___41___ up like a completely different person.This comes from the longest running personality study ever ___42__ by scientist. According to researchers from the University of Edinburgh in the UK, our personality changes so much from youth to old age that most people’s personalities in older age are barely ___43___ compared to their younger selves.The researchers analyzed results from a study in 1947, which gathered 1,208 teenagers in Scotland aged 14 and asked their teachers to ___44___ their personalities based on six traits（特征）.Now, more than six decades later, the University of Edinburgh team has managed to contact 635 of the ___45___ students, and 174 agreed to have their personalities tested once more.At an average age of 76.7 years old, the group were asked to ___46___ themselves on the same six personality traits, then pick a close friend or family member to do the same.By ___47___ the then-and-now test results, the researchers found that there is hardly any relationship between traits people had as teenagers and those in their older years.It was “as if the second tests had been given to ___48___ people,”the study’s researchers wrote in their report, which was published in journal Psychology and Aging.The results were a surprise because research in the past found personality ___49___ in people tested from childhood to middle-age, and from middle-age to older age.As the team explained, our personality appears stable over short intervals -- ___50___ so throughout adulthood. ___51___, the longer the interval between two tests of personality, the ___52___ the relationship between the two tends to be.It’s clear that more studies are needed to find out what’s going on here. Bu t it could be the first___53___ that it’s not just our cells that are being ___54___ throughout life – the way we think, feel and behave might no be as ___55___ as we once thought.41. A. hold B. wake C. end D. cheer42. A. carried out B. applied to C. participated in D. made up43. A. incredible B. accessible C. changeable D. recognizable44. A. assemble B. assess C. assume D. access45. A. alternative B. individual C. original D. separate46. A. score B. rate C. comment D. remark47. A. comparing B. reviewing C. presenting D. observing48. A. young B. similar C. amateur D. different49. A. combination B. stability C. transformation D. flexibility50. A. increasingly B. strangely C. subsequently D. obviously51. A. Therefore B. Moreover C. However D. Otherwise52. A. stronger B. closer C. further D. weaker53. A. option B. sign C. symptom D. cause54. A. replaced B. exposed C. divided D. cultivated55. A. stuck in mud B. buried in sand C. lost in thought D. set in stoneSection B（A）One way people are responding to food safety concerns is by growing their own food. However, not everyone lives on property with enough space for a private plot. One solution is community gardens, which have become popular worldwide, numbering 18,000 in North America alone. In addition to providing low-cost, delicious food, these public spaces offer cities a range of other benefits.Community gardens are located in a town or city and tended by local residents. Often, the land is on a vacant lot owned by the city. The site is divided into manageable plots, which may be tended by individuals or by the garden’s members collectively. Since the land is usually publicly owned, the cost for gardeners to lease it is minimal. In fact, New York City, which is home to more than 750 community gardens tended by more than 20,000 members, charges people just $1 a year to lease a plot. Other costs involve soil, tools, seeds, fencing , and so on. However, beca use they’re shared by many people, individual gardeners pay very little.A community garden can quickly pay off, in terms of delicious fruits and vegetables, in addition to beautiful flowers. Excess produce can be sold for a profit at farmers markets.B ut a garden’s benefit don’t stop there. They also beautify cities, foster strong relationships among residents, and lower an area’s crime rate. Award-winning spaces like London’s Culpeper Community Garden even attract tourists. Beautiful and affordable, community gardens are often described as oases in crowded cities.56. Community gardens are designed for those who ___.A. are concerned about food safetyB. live in a house with a private plotC. can’t afford to buy organic foodD. don’t have t heir own property57. New York City _____.A. is owned by 20,000 individual gardenersB. charges residents a lot to lease tools and fencingC. contains more than 750 community gardensD. is tended by professional gardeners and local residents58. What’s the benefit of community gardens?A. People can enjoy safe and delicious vegetables and animal meat.B. Residents are more familiar and related with each other.C. The neighborhood is becoming safer but of lower taste.D. People can make some profits from the visiting tourists.59. The underlined word“oases”is closest in meaning to ____.A. cultural and art centersB. popular platforms for exchangesC. peaceful and safe landsD. commercial and prosperous places（B）African SafariEssential information you need to know before booking your African Safari in Southern Africa –These tips will enhance the experience that you haveThings to Consider Before Booking an African Safari1)Book in AdvanceAfrican Safaris are now hugely popular and good safari camps often get booked out more than a year in advance, especially during the high season from July through to October. Show more…2)Choosing which game parkDifferent parks have different topography and weather patterns –this greatly affects animal movements at different times of the year. If you want to target certain species of animals, then some parks are better than others for certain species. Show more…3）Choosing which lodge or safari campA typical safari camp has between 10 and 20 beds, it is an intimate safari experience and very personalized. However, there are also hotels in some places, either inside or just outside a national park, which can sleep anything up to 300 people. Show more…4）GuidingThe quality, experience and knowledge of the game at any Safari camp is almost the most important factor to consider. Good guides can transform your experience from ordinary to exceptional. Show more…5）What’s the Best Time of Year to go on SafariUnderstandably as the seasons change so does the safari experience. It is highly advisable to find out the best time of year for the safari area that you are intending to visit. Prices will change dramatically between the high and the low season, so good deals are to be had in the low season but it is important to know the difference, as your experience will be vastly different. Show more…6）The PriceGoing on safari is not cheap whichever way you do it , but the price range can be enormous. Unfortunately, safaris in most cases are a case of “you pay for what you get”,Show more…7）Fly-in safari or notUsing small charter planes is sometimes an absolute necessity for camps in remote areas, whereroad transfers are just not practical or viable. These flights can increase the overall cost of the safari substantially but generally they are woth it and allow you the flexibility to visit a variety of safari camps in different locations. Show more…8）Use an AgentAs you can see from all the information and options detailed above, there is great deal to understand and unless you go on safari several times a year it is impossible to know all this stuff. Show more…CONTACT US NOW TO HELP PLAN YOUR SAFARIWe are qualified travel agents who know this area intimately!Click on the below buttons for some fantastic safari ideas60. Which is a determining factor in choosing a Safari camp?A. Means of transport.B. Accommodation.C. Weather patterns.D. Game guides.61. John is planning to have an African Safari in August 2018. He should book it in ______.A. July 2018B. January 2018C. July 2017D. October 201762. Which of the following is FALSE about African Safari?A. You can have a good price but same experience if you travel in low season.B. If you visit different camps in remote areas, flights may be unavoidable.C. The more money you pay, the better experience you’ll get.D. Not all the parks have the same species of animals.（C）A busy brain can mean a hungry body. We often seek food after focused mental activity, like preparing for an exam. Researchers think that heavy bouts of thinking drain energy from the brain, whose capacity to store fuel is very limited.So the brain, sensing that it may soon require more calories（卡路里）to keep going, apparently stimulates bodily hunger, and even though there has been little in the way of physical movement bodily hunger, and even though there has been little in the way of physical movement or calorie consumption, we eat. This process may partly account for the weight gain so commonly seen in college students.Scientists at the University of Alabama at Birmingham and another institution recently experimented with exercise to counter such immoderately post - - study food consumption.Gary Hunter, an exercise physiologist at U.A.B., oversaw the study. Hunter notes that tough activity both increases the amount of blood sugar and lactate（乳酸盐）—circulating in the blood and increases blood flow to the head. Because the brain uses sugar and lactate as fuel, researchers wondered if the increased flow of fuel-rich blood during exercise could feed an exhausted brain and reduce the urge to overeat.Thirty - - eight healthy college students were invited to U.A.B.’s exercise lab to report what their favorite pizza was. At a later date, the volunteers returned and spent 20 minutes dealing with selections from college and graduate - - school entrance exams. Next, half the students sat quietly for 15 minutes, before being given pizza. The rest of the volunteers spent those 15 minutes doing intervals on a treadmill: two minutes of hard running followed by about one minute of walking, repeated five times. Hunter says, that should stimulate the release of sugar and lactate into thebloodstream. These students were then allowed to gorge on pizza, too. But by and large, they did not overeat. In fact, the non-exercisers, however, consumed about 100 calories more.The study has limitations, of course. We only looked at lunch. Hunter says；the researchers do not know if the runners consumed extra calories at dinner. They also cannot tell whether other types of exercise would have the same effect as running, although Hunter says they suspect that if an activity causes someone to break into a sweat, it should also increase blood sugar and lactate, feeding the brain and weakening hunger’s call.63. According to the passage, ______ may cause many college students to overeat and gain weight.A. a lot of energy-consuming mental activitiesB. numerous physical movements or calorie burningC. failure to resist the temptation of delicious foodD. bodily hunger caused by physical growth64. The underlined word“counter”is closest in meaning to _____.A. stimulateB. maximizeC. balanceD. prevent65. What can be inferred from the passage?A. Running is more beneficial than walking.B. Sweating in exercise can make people hungrier.C. The amount of blood sugar and lactate can affect people’s appetite.D. When the brain feels exhausted, people tend to do exercise for relaxation.66. Which of the following statements is FALSE?A. Mental activities can make people feel hungry.B. Physical exercise can make people refreshed and stay hungry.C. Sugar and lactate can help energize and restore people’s brain.D. It’s uncertain what types of exercise can effectively feed the brain.Section CDirections : Complete the following passage by using the sentences given below . each sentence can be used only once. Note that there are two more sentences than you need.A. When something comes from within you ,you always try your best to analyze it in a scientific way .B. Psychologists call this private speech ----language that is spoken loud but directed at yourselfC. So words to the self , spoken silently or loud , are so much more than just chatterD. We keep the private speech we use as children inside ------but we never truly put away the out=loud version .E. According to he well-known saying , talking to yourself is the first sign of madness.F. Self-talk is efficient because when we are vocal about our thoughts , it makes a larger impact on our brain.Self-talk helps us allTalking to yourself may seem a little shameful . If you’ve ever been overheard criticizing yourself for a foolish mistake or practicing a speech , you’ll know the social problems it can cause.________67__________But there’s no need for embarrassment . Talking to ourselves , whether out loud or silently in our heads, is valuable . Far from being a sign of insanity , self-talk allows us to plan what we are going to do , manage our activities and control our emotions.For example , take a trip to any preschool and watch a small girl playing with her toys . You are very likely to hear her talking to herself : offering herself directions and talking about her problems. ________________68_______________We do a lot of it when we are young.As children ,according to the Russian Psychologist Lev Vygotsky , we use private speech to control our actions in the same way that we use public speech to control the behavior of others. As we grow older , we keep this system inside.Psychological experiments have shown that this so-called inner speech can improve our performance in tasks like telling what other people are thinking . Our words give us an interesting view of our actions . One recent study suggested that self-talk is most effective when we talk to ourselves in the second person : as “you” rather than “I”_____________69___________________If you want proof , turn to a sports channel . You’re sure to see an athlete shouting at himself or herself .Talking to ourselves seems to be a very good way of solving problems and working through ideas. Hearing different points of view means our thoughts can end up in different place , just like a regular dialogue , and might turn out to be one of the keys to human creativity.Both kinds of self-talk -----silent and out loud ----seem to bring many different benefits to our thinking ._____________70_______-Summary WritingDirections ; Read the following passage . Summarize in more than 60 words the main idea of the passage and how it is illustrated . Use your own words as far as possible.For thousands of years , people have sailed across the oceans to trade , explore and transport goods . However , not every ship arrives at its port of destination . Weather ,war , navigation mistakes and bad luck have caused many ships to sink to the bottom of the ocean. These shipwrecks , which are estimated to number more than three million , have long fascinated us . In addition to being historically important , they sometimes contain great riches.Historical research is a key motivator for shipwreck hunters . Ships carrying documents and artifact can teach us about ancient civilizations and important events . For instance , in 1997 the Pandora , which sank in 791, was discovered off the coast of Australia . The findings from the ship helped us understand the events surrounding the famous mutiny (暴动) on another ship ----- the Bounty . Another im portant discovery off the US coast in 1996 is widely believed to be the Queen Ann’s Revenge , the flagship of the private Blackbeard.Profit is another motive for shipwreck exploration ,as companies use advanced sonar , robots and retrieval equipment to find treasure ships . One such firm is Odyssey Marine Exploration . The company has found hundreds of ships , including , in 2007 , a Spanish sailing ship containing500,000 silver coins. The ship , which sank 200 years ago in the Atlantic Ocean , carried a treasure estimated to be worth $500 million . Soon after the discovery , a long legal battle over ownership rights took place between the company and the Spanish government . Cases like these are part of an ongoing debate about protecting historically important ships from treasure hunters. TranslationDirections ; Translate the following sentences into English ,using the words given in the brackets. 1，新颁布的禁烟令得到了广大市民的支持。
2017年杨浦二模试卷(校对标准答案版)
杨浦区2016学年度第二学期高三模拟质量调研英语学科试卷2017.4本试卷分为第I卷(第1-13页)和第II卷（第14页）两部分。
全卷共14页。
满分140分。
考试时间120分钟。
1.答第I卷前，考试务必将条形码粘贴在答题纸的指定区域内。
2.第I卷（1-20小题，31-70小题）由机器阅卷，答案必须全部涂写在答题卡上。
考生应将代表正确答案的小方格用铅笔涂黑。
注意试题题号和答题卡编号一一对应，不能错位。
答案需要更改时，必须将原选项用橡皮擦去，重新选择。
答案写在试卷上一律不给分。
第I卷中的第21-30小题，IV. Summary writing部分和第II卷的试题，其答案用钢笔或水笔写在答题纸的规定区域内，如用铅笔答题，或写在试卷上则无效。
第I卷（共100分）I．Listening ComprehensionSection ADirections:In Section A, you will hear ten short conversions between two speakers. At the end of each conversion, a question will be asked about what was said. The conversations and the questions will be spoken only once. After you hear a conversation and the question about it, read the four possible answers on your paper, and decide which one is the best answer to the question you have heard.1. A.1:00p.m. B.2:03p.m.C.2:30p.m.D.2:45p.m2．A .Jon Smith isn’t in right now.B .The man dialed the wrong number.C. John Smith can’t answer the phone right now.D. The woman is busy working and can’t find John Smith.3. A. Delivering newspaper. B .Picking Fruit.C. Baby-sitting.D. Posting advertisements.4. A. At home. B. At a hair-dresser.C. In the office.D. In a library.5. A. Cook and baker. B. Waitress and diner.C. Tailor and customer.D. Boss and secretary.6 .A. The man forgot saying something about the exam.B. The man said something that annoyed Jess.C. The man didn’t care about the exam.D. The man kept talking in the exam.7. A. The boys are badly spoiled.B. The man gives them too much money.C. They should learn to manage money.D. She wants to save money for the boys.8. A. Delighted. B. Excited.C. Puzzled.D. Disappointed.9. A. Rebecca doesn’t work hard enough.B. Rebecca never falls asleep in class.C. Rebecca has a Japanese cultural background.D. Rebecca’s parents urge her to have more sleep.10. A. Cindy is satisfied with her new hair style.B. Cindy is suffering from a serious hair loss.C. Cindy found her new image unbelievably nice.D. Cindy’s hairstylist didn’t understand her requirement.Section BDirections：In Section B, you will hear several longer conversion(s) and short passage(s), and you will be asked several questions on each of the conversation (s) and the passage(s).The conversation(s) and passage(s) will be read twice, but the questions will be spoken only twice. When you hear a question, read the four possible answers on your paper and decide which one would be the best answer to the question you have heard.Questions11 through 13 are based on the following passage.11. A. In Sichuan province in 2013.B .In Washington, DC in 2000.C. In Washington, DC in 2013.D. In Sichuan province in 2000.12. A. She was seriously ill.B. her parents missed her too much.C. She was not accustomed to the food there.D. Pandas born outside China must come back before 4.13. A. Many US people saw her off at the airplane.B. It took her 6hours to come back home by plane.C. She was accompanied by a diplomat and doctor.D. A variety of food was prepared on the plane by Chinese zoo.Question 14 though 16 are based on the following passage.14. A. They speak too carefully.B. They don’t like foreigners.C. .They use jokes and slangD. They are poor at communication.15. A. You are as beautiful as a queen. B. No problems.C. You are serious about small matters.D. Don’t play drams.16. A. Imitate their pronunciation.B. Point out their lake of patience.C. Learn to speak internationally.D. Ask them to speak slowly and clearly.Question 17 through 20 are based on the following conversation.17. A. A cell phone that had just been released.B. A cell phone whose price had just dropped.C. cell phone that the woman thought had some problems.D. A cell phone that the woman thought had some problems.18. A. He was afraid the product he wanted would be sold out soon.B. He thought that the new technology was worth the full price.C. He predicted that the prices of well-designed products would go up.D. He knew products from this company seldom offered a discount.19. A. She picked one model and bought it without hesitation.B. She was always the first one to try out latest models.C.She often consulted product reviews before purchase.D. She compared prices and bought the more expensive one.20A. Most companies overstate the function of their products.B. Different people have different values and principles.C. The man admitted that he bought the cell phone too hastily.D. The woman was more experienced in buying expensive products.II Grammar and vocabularySection ADirections:After reading the passage, fill in the blanks to make the passages coherent and grammatically correct. For the blanks with a given word, fill in each blank with the proper form of the given word; for the other blanks, use one word that best fits each blank.I was standing in the checkout line behind a woman who looked to be in (21) ______60s. When it was her turn to pay, the cashier greeted her by name and asked her how she was doing.The woman looked down,(22) ______(shake) her head and said:“Not so good. My husband just lost job and my son is up to his old tricks again. The truth is, I don’t know how I’m going to get through the holidays.”Then she gave the cashier food stamps.My heat ached. I wanted to help but didn’t know how. (23)____ I offer to pay for her groceries or ask for her husband’s resume?As i walked into the parking lot, I saw the woman (24)_______ (return) her shopping cart. I remembered something in my purse (25)______ I thought could help her. It wasn’t a handful ofcash or an offer of a job for her husband, but maybe it would make her life better.My heart pounded as I approached the woman.“Excuse me,” I said, my voice trembling a bit. “I couldn’t help overhearing what you said to the cashier. It sounds like you’re going through a really hard time right now. I’m so sorry. I’d like to give you something.”I handed her the small card from my purse.When the woman read the card’s only two words, she began to cry. And through her tears, she said: “You have no idea (26) ____ this means to me.”I was a little startled by her reply. (27)_____ (not do) anything like this before, I didn’t know what kind of reaction I might receive. All left for me (28)______(say) was: “ Oh, Would it be OK to give you a hug?”(29)______ we embraced, I walked back to my car -- and began to cry, too.The words on the card?“You Matter.”A few weeks earlier, a colleague gave me a similar card (30) ___encouragement for a project I was working on. When I read the card, I felt a warm glow spread inside of me. Deeply touched, I came home and ordered my own box of You Matter card and started sharing them. Section BDirections: Fill in each blank with a proper word chosen from the box. Each word can only be used once. Note that there is one word more than you need.Most of us learn at primary school that there are seven continents, but the next generation of kids may be adding one more to that list.According to a recent paper published in the geological society of American journal by a group of researchers, “Zealandia’’is a new continent that’s 31 beneath the ocean.Zealandia is 32 to be five million sq km. Most of this massive area is covered by water, but its highest mountains already have their own name: New Zealand.The small country is the only part of new Zealandia that isn't under water, but the paper’s authors want the huge landmass to be 33 worldwide as its own continent.‘The scientific value of classifying Zealandia as a continent is much more than just an extra name on a list,’ the researchers wrote in their paper.Scientists discovered Zealandia all the way back in 1995, then started 34 research on the area using underwater and satellite mapping 35 . After completing their work, they were finally able to write a report suggesting that Zealandia be named a continent.But who decided on what is a continent and what isn't? There is ,in fact, no official organization that does some countries teach that there are six or even five continents. This changes depending on where in the world the school is.Due to their 36 as a continuous expanse of land, some classify Europe and Asia as the same continent-known as Eurasia. Schools in Russia and parts of Eastern Europe teach this.And to making things even more confusing, France and Greece, as well as some other countries, classify North America and South American as simply America.This argument over how land is defined has even 37 into outer space. In 2006, the International Astronomical Union (IAU) decided that Pluto was no longer a planet ,met the requirements needed to be called a planet ,76 years after its 38 in 1930, experts argued that it no longer met the requirements needed to called a planet alongside the eight others in our solar system. It was therefore renamed a “dwarf planet(矮行星)”,meaning that 39 books, models and museum exhibits all over world had to be 40 .But will be the world take the same notice of new Zealandia? The best way to tell is to keep an eye on our textbooks.III .Reading ComprehensionSection ADirections:For each blank in the following passage there are four words or phrases marked a b and c fill in each blanks with the word or phrase that best fits the context.Good news for awkward teenagers around the world. As time goes by, you could 41 up like a completely different person.This comes from the longest running personality study ever 42 by scientists. According to41. A. hold B. wake C. end D. cheer42. A. carried out B. applied to C. participated in D. made up43. A. incredible B. accessible C. changeable D. recognizable44. A. assemble B. assess C. assume D. access45. A. alternative B. individual C. original D. separate46. A. score B. rate C. comment D. remark47.A. comparing B. reviewing C. presenting D. observing48. A. young B. similar C. amateur D. differentbination B. stability C. transformation D. flexibility50.A. increasingly B. strangely C. subsequently D. obviously51.A. Therefore B. Moreover C. However D. Otherwise52.A. stronger B. closer C. further D. weaker53.A. option B. sign C. symptom D. cause54.A. replaced B. exposed C. divided D. cultivated55.A. stuck in mud B. buried in sand C. lost in thought D.set in stoneS ection BDirections:Read the following three passages. Each passage is followed by several questions or unfinished statements. For each of them there are four choices marked A, B, C, and D. Choose the one that fits best according to the information given in the passage you have just read.(A)One way people are responding to food safety concerns is by going their own food. However, not everyone live on property with enough space for a private plot. One solution is community gardens, which have become popular worldwide, numbering 1,000 in North America alone. In addition to providing low-cost, delicious food, these public spaces offer cities a range of other benefits.Community gardens are located in a town or city and tended by local residents. Often, the land is on a vacant lot owned by the city. The site is divided into manageable plots, which may be tended by individuals or by the garden’s members collectively. Since the land is usually publicly owned, the cost for gardeners to lease it is minimal. In fact, New York City, which is home to more than 750 community gardens tended by more than 20,000 members, charges people just $1 a year to lease a plot. Other costs involve soil, tools, seeds, fencing, and so on. However, because they’ve shared by many people, individual gardeners pay very littleA community garden can quickly pay off, in terms of delicious fruits vegetables, in addition be beautiful flowers. Excess produce can be sold for a profit at farmers markets. But a garden’sbenefits don’t stop there. They also beautify cities, foster strong relationships among residents, and lower an area’s crime rate. Award-winning spaces like London’s Culpeper Community Garden even attract tourists. Beautiful and affordable, community gardens are often described as oases in crowded cities.56. Community gardens are designed for those whoA. are concerned about food safetyB. live in a house with a private plotC. can’t afford to buy organic foodD. don’t have their own property57. New York CityA. is owned by 20,000 individual gardensB. charges residents a lot to lease tools and fencingC. contains more than 750 community gardensD. is tended by professional gardeners and local residents58. What’s the benefit of community gardens?A. People can enjoy safe and delicious vegetables and animal meat.B. Residents are more familiar and related with each other.C. The neighborhood is becoming safer but of lower taste.D. People can make some Profits from the visiting tourists.59. The understood word “oases” is closest in meaning toA. cultural and art centers B, popular platforms for exchangesC. peaceful and safe landsD. commercial and prosperous places（B）African SafariEssential information you need to know before booking your African Safari in Southern Africa-These tips will enhance The experience that you have Things to Consider Before Booking an African Safari1)Book in AdvanceAfrican Safaris are now hugely popular and good safari camps often get booked out more than a year in advance, especially during the high season from July through to October. Show more... 2）Choosing which game parkDifferent parks have different topography and weather patterns -this greatly affects animal movements at different times of the year. If you want to target certain species of animals, then some parks are better than others for certain species. Show more...3)Choosing which lodge or safari campA typical safari camp has between 10 and 20 beds, it is an intimate safari experience and very personalised. However, there are also hotels in some places, either inside or just outside a national park, which can sleep anything up to 300people. Show more...4)GuidingThe quality, experience and knowledge of the game guides at any Safari camp is almost the most important factor to consider. Good guides can transform your experience from ordinary to exceptional. Show more...5)What’s the Best Time of Year to go on SafariUnderstandably as the seasons change so does the safari experience. It is highly advisable to find out the best time of year for the safari area that you are intending to visit Prices will change dramatically between the high and the low season, so good deals are to be had in the low season but it is important to know the difference, as your experience will be vastly different. Show more...6)The PricesGoing on Safari is not cheap whichever way you do it, but the price range can be enormous. Unfortunately, safaris in most cases a case of “you pay for what you get”. Show more...7)Fly-in safari or notUsing small charter planes is sometimes an absolute necessity for camps in remote areas, where road transfers are just not practical or viable. These flights can increase the overall cost of the safari substantially but generally they are worth it and allow you the flexibility to visit a variety of safari camps in different locations. Show more...8)Use an AgentAs you can see from all the information and options detailed above, there is great deal tounderstand and unless you go on safari several times a year it is impossible to know all this stuff. Show more...CONTACT US NOW TO HELP YOU PLAN YOUR SAFARIWe are qualified travel agents who know this area intimately!Click on the below buttons for some fantastic safari ideas60.Which is a determining factor in choosing a Safari camp?A.Means of transport.B.Accommodation.C. Weather patterns.D. Game guides61.John is planning to have an African Safari in August 2018. He should book it in ____.A.July 2018B.January 2018C.July 2017D.October 201762.Which of the following is FALSE about African Safari?A.You can have a good price but same experience if you travel in low season.B.If you visit different camps in remote areas, flights may be unavoidable.C.The more money you pay, the better experience you’ll get.D.Not all the parks have the same species of animals.(C)A busy brain can mean a hungry body. We often seek food after focused mental activity, like preparing for an exam. Researchers think that heavy bouts of thinking drain energy from the brain. Whose capacity to store fuel is very limited.So the brain, sensing that it may soon require more calories to keep going, apparently stimulates bodily hunger, and even though there has been little in the way of physical movement or caloric expenditure, we eat. This process may partly account for the weight gain so commonly seen in college students.Scientists at the University of Alabama at Birmingham and another institution recently experimented with exercise to counter such post-study food binges.Gary Hunter, an exercise physiologist at U.A.B., oversaw the study, which was published this month in the journal Medicine & Science in Sports & Exercise. Hunter notes that strenuous activity both increases the amount of blood sugar and lactate(乳酸盐) — a byproduct of intense muscle contractions（收缩）— circulating in the blood and augments blood flow to the head. Because the brain uses sugar and lactate as fuel, researchers wondered if the increased flow of fuel-rich blood during exercise could feed an exhausted brain and reduce the urge to overeat.Thirty--eight healthy college students were invited to U.A.B.’s exercise lab to report what their favorite pizza was. At a later date, the volunteers returned and spent 20 minutes tackling selections from college and graduate--school entrance exams. Next, half the students sat quietly for 15 minutes, before being given pizza. The rest of the volunteers spent those 15 minutes doing intervals on a treadmill: two minutes of hard running followed by about one minute of walking, repeated five times. Hunter says, that should prompt the release of sugar and lactate into the bloodstream. These students were then allowed to gorge on pizza, too. But by and large, they did not overeat. In fact, the researchers calculated that the exercisers consumed about 25 fewer calories than they did during their baseline session. The non-exercisers, however, consumed about 100 calories more.The study has limitations, of course. We only looked at lunch, Hunter says; the researchers do not know if the runners consumed extra calories at dinner. They also cannot tell whether other types of exercise would have the same effect as running although Hunter says they suspect that if an activity causes someone to break into a sweat, it should also increase blood sugar and lactate, feeding the brain and weakening hunger’s call.63.According to the passage, ____may cause many college students to overeat and gain weight.A.A lot of energy-consuming mental activitiesB.Numerous physical movements or calorie burningC.Failure to resist the temptation of delicious foodD.Bodily hunger caused by physical growth64.The underlined word “counter” is closest in meaning to ___.A.StimulateB.MaximizeC.BalanceD.Prevent65.What can be inferred from the passage?A.Running is more beneficial than walking.B.Sweating in exercise can make people hungrierC.The amount of blood sugar and lactate can affect people’s appetite.D.When the brain feels exhausted, people tend to do exercise for relaxation.66.Which of the following statements is FALSE?A.Mental activities can make people feel hungry.B.Physical exercise can make people refreshed and stay hungry.C.Sugar and lactate can help energize and restore people’s brain.D.It’s uncertain what types of exercise can effectively feed the brain.Section CDirections: Read the following passage. Fill in each blank with a proper sentence given in the box. Each sentence can be used only once. Note that there are two more sentences than you need.Self-talk helps us allTalking to yourself may seem a little shameful. If you’ve ever been overheard criticizing yourself for a foolish mistake or practicing a speech, you’ll know the social problems it can cause.67But there’s no need for embarrassment. Talking to ourselves, whether out loud or silently in our head, is -valuable. Far from being a sign of insanity, self-talk allows us to plan what we are going to do, manage our activities and control our emotions.For example, take a trip to any preschool and watch a small girl playing with her toys. Your are very likely to hear her talking to herself: offering herself directions and talking about her problems.68 We do a lot of it when we are young.As according to the Russian Psychologist Lev Vygotsky, we use private speech to control our actions in the same way that we use public speech to control the behavior of others. As we grow older, we keep this system inside.Psychological experiments have shown that this so-called inner speech can improve our performance in tasks like telling what other people are thinking. Our words give us an interesting view of our actions. One recent study suggested that self-talk is most effective when we talk to ourselves in the second person: as “you” rather than “I”.69 if you want proof, turn on sports channel. You’re sure to see an athlete shouting at himself or herself.Talking to ourselves seems to be a very good way of solving problem and working through ideas. Hearing different points of view means our thoughts can end up in different places, just like a regular dialogue, and might turn out to be one of the keys to human creativity.Both kinds of self-talk – silent and out loud – seem to bring many different benefits to our thinking. 70 .IV. Summery WritingDirections: Read the following passage. Summarize the main idea and the main point(s) of the passage in no more than 60 words. Use your own words as far as possible.For thousands of years, people have across the oceans to trade, explore, and transport goods. However ,not every ship arrives at its port of destination. Weather, war, navigation mistakes, and bad luck have caused many ships to sink to the bottom of the ocean. These shipwrecks, which are estimated to number more than three million, have long fascinated us. In addition to being historically important, they sometimes contain great riches.Historical research is a key motivator for shipwreck hunters. Ships carrying documents and artifacts can teach us about ancient civilizations and important events. For instance, in 1977 the Pandora, which sank in 791, was discovered off the coast of Australia. The findings from the ship helped us understand the events surrounding the famous mutiny(暴动) on another ship—the Bounty. Another important discovery of the US coast is 1996 is widely believed to be the Queen Ann’s Revenge, the flagship of the private Blackbeard.Profit is another motive for shipwreck exploration, as companies use advanced sonar, robots, and retrieval equipment to find treasure ships. One such firm is Odyssey Marine Exploration. The company has found hundreds of ships, including, in 2007, Spanish sailing ship containing 500,000 silver coins. The ship, which sank 200 years ago in the Atlantic Ocean, Carried a treasure estimated to be worth $500 million. Soon after the discovery, a long legal battle over ownership rights tool place between the company and the Spanish government. Cases like these are part of an ongoing debates about protecting historically important ships from treasure hunters.________ ________ ________ ________ ________ ________ ________ ________ ________ ________ ________ ________ ________ ________ ________ ________ ________ ________ ________ ________ ________ ________ ________ ________ ________ ________ ________ ________ ________ ________ ________ ________ ________ ________ ________ ________ ________ ________ ________ ________ ________ ________ ________ ________ ________ ________ ________ ________ ________ ________ ________ ________ ________ ________ ________ ________ ________ ________ ________ ________60第II卷（共46分）I TranslationDirections: Translation the following sentences into English, using the words given in the brackets.1.新颁布的禁烟令得到了广大市民的支持。
上海市杨浦区高三英语4月质量调研(二模)试题
上海市杨浦区2017届高三英语4月质量调研（二模）试题II .Grammar and VocabularySection AI was standing in the checkout line behind a woman who looked to be in __21__ 60s. When it was her turn to pay, the cashier greeted her by name and asked her how she was doing. The woman looked down, ___22___（shake）her head and said:“Not so good.”My husband just lost his job and my son is up to his old tricks again. The truth is, I don’t know how I’m going to get through the holidays.”Then she gave the cashier food stamps.My heart ached. I wanted to help but didn’t know how.（23）______I offer to pay for her groceries or ask for her husband’s resume?As I walked into the parking lot, I saw the women ___（24）（return）her shopping cart.I remembered something in my purse（25）________I thought could help her. It wasn’t a handful of cash or an offer of a job for her husband, but maybe it would make her life better. My heart pounded as I approached the woman.“Excuse me,”I said, my voice trembling a bit.“I couldn’t h elp overhearing what you said to the cashier. It sounds like you’re going through a really hard time right now. I’m so sorry. I’d like to give you something.”I handed her the small card from my purse.When the woman read the card’s only two words, s he began to cry. And through her tears, she said：“You have no idea（26）_______ this means to me.”I was a little startled by her reply.（27）________（not do）anything like this before, I didn’t know w hat kind of reaction I might receive. All left for me (28)_______（say）was：“Oh. Would it be OK to give you a hug?”（29）________we embraced, I walked back to my car --and began to cry, too.The words on the card?“You Matter.”A few weeks earlier, a colleague gave me a similar card（30）____ encouragement for a project I was working on. When I read the card, I felt a warm glow spread inside of me. Deeply touched, I came home and ordered my own box of You Matter card and started sharing them.Most of us learn at primary school that there are seven continents, but the next generation of kids may be adding one more to that list.According to a recent paper published in the Geological Society of American Journal by a group of researchers,“Zealandia”is a new continent that’s ___31___ beneath the ocean. Zealandia is ___32___ to be five million sq km. Most of this massive area is covered by water, but its highest mountains already have their own name：New Zealand.The small country is the only part of Zealandia that isn’t underwater, but the paper’s authors want the huge landmass to be ___33___ worldwide as its own continent.“The scientific value of classifying Zealandia as a continent is much more than just an extra name on a list,”the researchers wrote in their paper.Scientists discovered Zealandia all the way back in 1995, then started ___34___ research on the area using underwater and satellite mapping ___35___. After completing their work, they were finally able to write a report suggesting that Zealandia be named a continent.But who decides on what is a continent and what isn’t? There is, in fact, no official organization that does. Some countries’ schools teach that there are six or even five continents. This changes depending on where in the world school is.Due to their __36__ as a “continuous expanse of land”,some classify Europe and Asia as the same continent -- known as Eurasia. Schools in Russia and parts of Eastern Europe teach this.And to make things even more confusing, France and Greece, as well as other countries, classify North America and South America as simply America.This argument over how land is defined has even ___37___ into outer space. In 2006, the International Astronomical Union（IAU）decided that Pluto was no longer a planet, 76 years after its ___38___ in 1930. Experts argued that it no longer met the requirements needed to be called a planet alongside the eight others in our solar system. It was therefore renamed a “dwarf planet（矮行星）”，meaning that ___39___ books, models and museum exhibits all over the world had to be ___40___.But will the world take the same notice of Zealandia? The best way to tell is to keep an eye on our textbooks.Ⅲ.Reading ComprehensionSection AGood news for awkward teenagers around the world. As time goes by, you could ___41___ up like a completely different person.This comes from the longest running personality study ever ___42__ by scientist. According to researchers from the University of Edinburgh in the UK, our personality changes so much from youth to old age that most people’s personalities in older age are barely ___43___ compared to their younger selves.The researchers analyzed results from a study in 1947, which gathered 1,208 teenagers in Scotland aged 14 and asked their teachers to ___44___ their personalities based on six traits（特征） .Now, more than six decades later, the University of Edinburgh team has managed to contact 635 of the ___45___ students, and 174 agreed to have their personalities tested once more. At an average age of 76.7 years old, the group were asked to ___46___ themselves on the same six personality traits, then pick a close friend or family member to do the same. By ___47___ the then-and-now test results, the researchers found that there is hardly any relationship between traits people had as teenagers and those in their older years. It was “as if the second tests had been given to ___48___ people,”the study’s researchers wrote in their report, which was published in journal Psychology and Aging. The results were a surprise because research in the past found personality ___49___ inpeople tested from childhood to middle-age, and from middle-age to older age.As the team explained, our personality appears stable over short intervals -- ___50___ so throughout adulthood. ___51___, the longer the interval between two tests of personality, the ___52___ the relationship between the two tends to be.It’s clear that more studies are needed to find out what’s going on here. But it could be the first ___53___ that it’s not just our cells that are being ___54___ throughout life – the way we think, feel and behave might no be as ___55___ as we once thought.41. A. hold B. wake C. end D. cheer42. A. carried out B. applied to C. participated in D. made up43. A. incredible B. accessible C. changeable D. recognizable44. A. assemble B. assess C. assume D. access45. A. alternative B. individual C. original D. separate46. A. score B. rate C. comment D. remark47. A. comparing B. reviewing C. presenting D. observing48. A. young B. similar C. amateur D. different49. A. combination B. stability C. transformation D. flexibility50. A. increasingly B. strangel y C. subsequently D. obviously51. A. Therefore B. Moreover C. However D. Otherwise52. A. stronger B. closer C. further D. weaker53. A. option B. sign C. symptom D. cause54. A. replaced B. exposed C. divided D. cultivated55. A. stuck in mud B. buried in sand C. lost in thought D. set in stoneSection B（A）One way people are responding to food safety concerns is by growing their own food. However, not everyone lives on property with enough space for a private plot. One solution is community gardens, which have become popular worldwide, numbering 18,000 in North America alone. In addition to providing low-cost, delicious food, these public spaces offer cities a range of other benefits.Community gardens are located in a town or city and tended by local residents. Often, the land is on a vacant lot owned by the city. The site is divided into manageable plots, which may be tended by individuals or by the garden’s members collectively. Since the land is usually publicly owned, the cost for gardeners to lease it is minimal. In fact, New York City, which is home to more than 750 community gardens tended by more than 20,000 members, charges people just $1 a year to lease a plot. Other costs involve soil, tools, seeds, fencing , and so on. However, because they’re shared by many people, individual gardeners pay very little.A community garden can quickly pay off, in terms of delicious fruits and vegetables, in addition to beautiful flowers. Excess produce can be sold for a profit at farmers markets. But a garden’s benefit don’t stop there. They also beautify cities, foster strong relationships among residents, and lower an area’s crime rate. Award-winning spaces like London’s Culpeper Community Garden even attract tourists. Beautiful and affordable, community gardens are often described as oases in crowded cities.56. Community gardens are designed for those who ___.A. are concerned about food safetyB. live in a house with a private plotC. can’t afford to buy organic foodD. don’t have their own property57. New York City _____.A. is owned by 20,000 individual gardenersB. charges residents a lot to lease tools and fencingC. contains more than 750 community gardensD. is tended by professional gardeners and local residents58. What’s the benefit of community gardens?A. People can enjoy safe and delicious vegetables and animal meat.B. Residents are more familiar and related with each other.C. The neighborhood is becoming safer but of lower taste.D. People can make some profits from the visiting tourists.59. The underlined word“oases”is closest in meaning to ____.A. cultural and art centersB. popular platforms for exchangesC. peaceful and safe landsD. commercial and prosperous places（B）African SafariEssential information you need to know before booking your African Safari in Southern Africa – These tips will enhance the experience that you haveThings to Consider Before Booking an African Safari1)Book in AdvanceAfrican Safaris are now hugely popular and good safari camps often get booked out m ore than a year in advance, especially during the high season from July through to October. Show more…2)Choosing which game parkDifferent parks have different topography and weather patterns – this greatly affects animal movements at different times of the year. If you want to target certain species of animals, then some parks are better than others for certain species. Show more…3）Choosing which lodge or safari campA typical safari camp has between 10 and 20 beds, it is an intimate safari experience and very personalized. However, there are also hotels in some places, either inside or just outside a national park, which can sleep anything up to 300 people. Show more…4）GuidingThe quality, experience and knowledge of the game at any Safari camp is almost the most important factor to consider. Good guides can transform your experience from ordinary to exceptional. Show more…5）What’s the Best Time of Year to go on SafariUnderstandably as the seasons change so does the safari experience. It is highly advisable to find out the best time of year for the safari area that you are intending to visit. Prices will change dramatically between the high and the low season, so good deals are to be had in the low season but it is important to know the difference, as your experience will be vastly different. Show more…6）The PriceGoing on safari is not cheap whichever way you do it , but the price range can be enormous. Unfortunately, safaris in most cases are a case of “you pay for what you get”,Show more…7）Fly-in safari or notUsing small charter planes is sometimes an absolute necessity for camps in remote areas, where road transfers are just not practical or viable. These flights can increase the overall cost of the safari substantially but generally they are woth it and allow you the flexibility to visit a variety of safari camps in different locations. Show m ore…8）Use an AgentAs you can see from all the information and options detailed above, there is great deal to understand and unless you go on safari several times a year it is impossible to know all this stuff. Show more…CONTACT US NOW TO HELP PLAN YOUR SAFARIWe are qualified travel agents who know this area intimately!Click on the below buttons for some fantastic safari ideas60. Which is a determining factor in choosing a Safari camp?A. Means of transport.B. Accommodation.C. Weather patterns.D. Game guides.61. John is planning to have an African Safari in August 2018. He should book it in ______.A. July 2018B. January 2018C. July 2017D. October 201762. Which of the following is FALSE about African Safari?A. You can have a good price but same experience if you travel in low season.B. If you visit different camps in remote areas, flights may be unavoidable.C. The more money you pay, the better experience you’ll get.D. Not all the parks have the same speci es of animals.（C）A busy brain can mean a hungry body. We often seek food after focused mental activity, like preparing for an exam. Researchers think that heavy bouts of thinking drain energy from the brain, whose capacity to store fuel is very limited.So the brain, sensing that it may soon require more calories（卡路里）to keep going, apparently stimulates bodily hunger, and even though there has been little in the way of physical movement bodily hunger, and even though there has been little in the way of physical movement or calorie consumption, we eat. This process may partly account for the weight gain so commonly seen in college students.Scientists at the University of Alabama at Birmingham and another institution recentlyexperimented with exercise to counter such immoderately post - - study food consumption. Gary Hunter, an exercise physiologist at U.A.B., oversaw the study. Hunter notes that tough activity both increases the amount of blood sugar and lactate（乳酸盐）—circulating in the blood and increases blood flow to the head. Because the brain uses sugar and lactate as fuel, researchers wondered if the increased flow of fuel-rich blood during exercise could feed an exhausted brain and reduce the urge to overeat.Thirty - - eight healthy college students were invited to U.A.B.’s exercise lab to report what their favorite pizza was. At a later date, the volunteers returned and spent 20 minutes dealing with selections from college and graduate - - school entrance exams. Next, half the students sat quietly for 15 minutes, before being given pizza. The rest of the volunteers spent those 15 minutes doing intervals on a treadmill: two mi nutes of hard running followed by about one minute of walking, repeated five times. Hunter says, that should stimulate the release of sugar and lactate into the bloodstream. These students were then allowed to gorge on pizza, too. But by and large, they did not overeat. In fact, the non-exercisers, however, consumed about 100 calories more.The study has limitations, of course. We only looked at lunch. Hunter says；the researchers do not know if the runners consumed extra calories at dinner. They also cannot tell whether other types of exercise would have the same effect as running, although Hunter says they suspect that if an activity causes someone to break into a sweat, it should also increase blood sugar and lactate, feeding the brain and weakening hunger’s call.63. According to the passage, ______ may cause many college students to overeat and gain weight.A. a lot of energy-consuming mental activitiesB. numerous physical movements or calorie burningC. failure to resist the temptation of deli cious foodD. bodily hunger caused by physical growth64. The underlined word“coun ter”is closest in meaning to _____.A. stimulateB. maximizeC. balanceD. prevent65. What can be inferred from the passage?A. Running is more beneficial than walking.B. Sweating in exercise can make people hungrier.C. The amount of blood su gar and lactate can affect people’s appetite.D. When the brain feels exhausted, people tend to do exercise for relaxation.66. Which of the following statements is FALSE?A. Mental activities can make people feel hungry.B. Physical exercise can make people refreshed and stay hungry.C. Sugar and lactate can help energize and restore people’s brain.D. It’s uncertain what types of exercise can effectively feed the brain.Section CDirections : Complete the following passage by using the sentences given below . eachsentence can be used only once. Note that there are two more sentences than you need.A. When something comes from within you ,you always try your best to analyze it in a scientific way .B. Psychologists call this private speech ----language that is spoken loud but directed at yourselfC. So words to the self , spoken silently or loud , are so much more than just chatterD. We keep the private speech we use as children inside ------but we never truly put away the out=loud version .E. According to he well-known saying , talking to yourself is the first sign of madness.F. Self-talk is efficient because when we are vocal about our thoughts , it makes a larger impact on our brain.Self-talk helps us allTalking to yourself may seem a little shameful . If you’ve ever been overheard criticizing yourself for a foolish mistake or practicing a speech , you’ll know the social problems it can cause.________67__________But there’s no need for embarrassment . Talking to ourselves , whether ou t loud or silently in our heads, is valuable . Far from being a sign of insanity , self-talk allows us to plan what we are going to do , manage our activities and control our emotions.For example , take a trip to any preschool and watch a small girl playing with her toys . You are very likely to hear her talking to herself : offering herself directions and talking about her problems. ________________68_______________We do a lot of it when we are young.As children ,according to the Russian Psychologist Lev Vygotsky , we use private speech to control our actions in the same way that we use public speech to control the behavior of others. As we grow older , we keep this system inside.Psychological experiments have shown that this so-called inner speech can improve our performance in tasks like telling what other people are thinking . Our words give us an interesting view of our actions . One recent study suggested that self-talk is most effective when we talk to ourselves in the second person : as “you”rather than “I”_____________69___________________If you want proof , turn to a sports channel . You’re sure to see an athlete shouting at himself or herself .Talking to ourselves seems to be a very good way of solving problems and working through ideas. Hearing different points of view means our thoughts can end up in different place , just like a regular dialogue , and might turn out to be one of the keys to human creativity. Both kinds of self-talk -----silent and out loud ----seem to bring many different benefits to our thinking ._____________70_______-Summary WritingDirections ; Read the following passage . Summarize in more than 60 words the main idea of the passage and how it is illustrated . Use your own words as far as possible.For thousands of years , people have sailed across the oceans to trade , explore and transport goods . However , not every ship arrives at its port of destination . Weather ,war , navigation mistakes and bad luck have caused many ships to sink to the bottom of the ocean. These shipwrecks , which are estimated to number more than three million , have long fascinated us . In addition to being historically important , they sometimes contain great riches.Historical research is a key motivator for shipwreck hunters . Ships carrying documents and artifact can teach us about ancient civilizations and important events . For instance , in 1997 the Pandora , which sank in 791, was discovered off the coast of Australia . The findings from the ship helped us understand the events surrounding the famous mutiny (暴动) on another ship ----- the Bounty . Another important discovery off the US coast in 1996 is widely believed to be the Queen Ann’s Revenge , the flagship of the private Blackbeard. Profit is another motive for shipwreck exploration ,as companies use advanced sonar , robots and retrieval equipment to find treasure ships . One such firm is Odyssey Marine Exploration . The company has found hundreds of ships , including , in 2007 , a Spanish sailing ship containing 500,000 silver coins. The ship , which sank 200 years ago in the Atlantic Ocean , carried a treasure estimated to be worth $500 million . Soon after the discovery , a long legal battle over ownership rights took place between the company and the Spanish government . Cases like these are part of an ongoing debate about protecting historically important ships from treasure hunters.TranslationDirections ; Translate the following sentences into English ,using the words given in the brackets.1，新颁布的禁烟令得到了广大市民的支持。
2017届上海市长宁、嘉定区高三下学期4月二模考试英语试题及答案
2017届上海市长宁、嘉定区高三下学期4月二模考试英语试题及答案高三英语教学质量检测试卷第I 卷（共103分）I. Listening ComprehensionSection ADirections: In Section A, you will hear ten short conversations between two speakers. At the end of each conversation, a question will be asked about what was said. The conversations and the questions will be spoken only once. After you hear a conversation and the question about it, read the four possible answers on your paper, and decide which one is the best answer to the question you have heard.1. A. At a paint store.B. At a grocery store.C. At a drugstore.D. At a video game store.2. A. ￡40. B. ￡60. C. ￡120.D. ￡180.3. A. He left the door open.B. He broke the vase.C. He took the vase off the table.D. He turned out to beinnocent.4. A. Judge and lawyer. B. Policeman and driver.C. Cleaner and walker.D. Teacher and student.5. A. She ’s got a full time job at the university.B. She was surprised to get afull scholarship. C. Everything went just as had been expected. D. Brighton University is nother ideal school.6. A. The man has a serious sleep problem.B. Neither of them hasfinished the paper. C. They both had a hard time doing the paper. D. The woman thought the papereasy to do.7. A. Help the woman find the building.B. Follow the woman to theexhibit. C. Assist the woman to read the map. D. Show the woman where to geta new map.8. A. Mrs. Brown was unhappy this morning.B. Mrs. Brown is a patient teacher.C. Susan must be poor at her studies.D. Susan might have been scolded by Mrs. Brown.9. A. She is going to try a new highway to the cinema.B. She wants to go early to avoid a traffic jam.C. She has no idea how to get to the cinema.D. She wants to leave the cinema before the movie is over.10. A. She loves going to work on foot.B. The firm she works in is notfar away. C. She has to save money for her journey. D. It takes her too much timeto go to work.Section BDirections: In Section B, you will hear two short passages, and you will be asked three questions on each of the passage. The passages will be read twice, but the questions will be spoken onlyonce. When you hear a question, read the four possible answers on your paper and decide which one would be the best answer to the question you have heard.Questions 11 through 13 are based on the following passage.11. A. It is an important occasion of American culturalactivities.B. They can have drinks and snacks while watching the game.C. Some companies offer viewers expensive sample products.D. The result of the game may be beyond people ’sexpectation.12. A. Exciting professional performances.B. Fancy advertisements ofproducts. C. Pleasant atmosphere on the spot. D. Warm company of theirfamily.13. A. Expensive and impressive TV commercials.B. Various ways of entertaining audience during intervals.C. An introduction to a popular ball game in America.D. Different sports people love to play in America.Questions 14 through 16 are based on the following passage.。
上海市杨浦区2017届高考4月模拟质量调研英语试题(含答案)
杨浦区2016学年第二学期高三模拟质量调研英语学科试卷2017.4II .Grammar and VocabularySection AI was standing in the checkout line behind a woman who looked to be in __21__ 60s. When it was her turn to pay, the cashier greeted her by name and asked her how she was doing.The woman looked down, ___22___（shake）her head and said:“Not so good.”My husband just lost his job and my son is up to his old tricks again. The truth is, I don’t know how I’m going to get through the holidays.”Then she gave the cashier food stamps.My heart ached. I wanted to help but didn’t know how.（23）______I offer to pay for her groceries or ask for her husband’s resume?As I walked into the parking lot, I saw the women ___（24）（return）her shopping cart. I remembered something in my purse（25）________I thought could help her. It wasn’t a handful of cash or an offer of a job for her husband, but maybe it would make her life better.My heart pounded as I approached the woman.“Excuse me,”I said, my voice trembling a bit.“I couldn’t help overhearing what you said to the cashier. It sounds like you’re going through a really hard time right now. I’m so sorry. I’d like to give you something.”I handed her the small card from my purse.When the woman read the card’s only two words, she began to cry. And through her tears, she said：“You have no idea（26）_______ this means to me.”I was a little startled by her reply.（27）________（not do）anything like this before, I didn’t know what kind of reaction I might receive. All left for me (28)_______（say）was：“Oh. Would it be OK to give you a hug?”（29）________we embraced, I walked back to my car --and began to cry, too.The words on the card?“You Matter.”A few weeks earlier, a colleague gave me a similar card（30）____ encouragement for a project I was working on. When I read the card, I felt a warm glow spread inside of me. Deeply touched, I came home and ordered my own box of You Matter card and started sharing them.Section BA.technologyB. contemporaryC. stretchedD. hiddenE. recognizedF. discoveryG. updatedH. extensiveI. countlessJ. estimatedK. definitionMost of us learn at primary school that there are seven continents, but the next generation of kids may be adding one more to that list.According to a recent paper published in the Geological Society of American Journal by a group of researchers,“Zealandia”is a new continent that’s ___31___ beneath the ocean.Zealandia is ___32___ to be five million sq km. Most of this massive area is covered by water, but its highest mountains already have their own name：New Zealand.The small country is the only part of Zealandia that isn’t underwater, but the paper’s authors want the huge landmass to be ___33___ worldwide as its own continent.“The scientific value of classifying Zealandia as a continent is much more than just an extra name on a list,”the researchers wrote in their paper.Scientists discovered Zealandia all the way back in 1995, then started ___34___ research on the area using underwater and satellite mapping ___35___. After completing their work, they were finally able to write a reportsuggesting that Zealandia be named a continent.But who decides on what is a continent and what isn’t? There is, in fact, no official organization that does. Some countries’ schools teach that there are six or even five continents. This changes depending on where in the world school is.Due to their __36__ as a “continuous expanse of land”,some classify Europe and Asia as the same continent -- known as Eurasia. Schools in Russia and parts of Eastern Europe teach this.And to make things even more confusing, France and Greece, as well as other countries, classify North America and South America as simply America.This argument over how land is defined has even ___37___ into outer space. In 2006, the International Astronomical Union（IAU）decided that Pluto was no longer a planet, 76 years after its ___38___ in 1930. Experts argued that it no longer met the requirements needed to be called a planet alongside the eight others in our solar system. It was therefore renamed a “dwarf planet（矮行星）”，meaning that ___39___ books, models and museum exhibits all over the world had to be ___40___.But will the world take the same notice of Zealandia? The best way to tell is to keep an eye on our textbooks.Ⅲ.Reading ComprehensionSection AGood news for awkward teenagers around the world. As time goes by, you could ___41___ up like a completely different person.This comes from the longest running personality study ever ___42__ by scientist. According to researchers from the Univ ersity of Edinburgh in the UK, our personality changes so much from youth to old age that most people’s personalities in older age are barely ___43___ compared to their younger selves.The researchers analyzed results from a study in 1947, which gathered 1,208 teenagers in Scotland aged 14 and asked their teachers to ___44___ their personalities based on six traits（特征）.Now, more than six decades later, the University of Edinburgh team has managed to contact 635 of the ___45___ students, and 174 agreed to have their personalities tested once more.At an average age of 76.7 years old, the group were asked to ___46___ themselves on the same six personality traits, then pick a close friend or family member to do the same.By ___47___ the then-and-now test results, the researchers found that there is hardly any relationship between traits people had as teenagers and those in their older years.It was “as if the second tests had been given to ___48___ people,”the study’s researchers wrote in their report, which was published in journal Psychology and Aging.The results were a surprise because research in the past found personality ___49___ in people tested from childhood to middle-age, and from middle-age to older age.As the team explained, our personality appears stable over short intervals -- ___50___ so throughout adulthood. ___51___, the longer the interval between two tests of personality, the ___52___ the relationship between the two tends to be.It’s clear that more studies are needed to find out what’s going on here. But it could be the first ___53___ that it’s not just our cells that are being ___54___ throughout life –the way we think, feel and behave might no be as ___55___ as we once thought.41. A. hold B. wake C. end D. cheer42. A. carried out B. applied to C. participated in D. made up43. A. incredible B. accessible C. changeable D. recognizable44. A. assemble B. assess C. assume D. access45. A. alternative B. individual C. original D. separate46. A. score B. rate C. comment D. remark47. A. comparing B. reviewing C. presenting D. observing48. A. young B. similar C. amateur D. different49. A. combination B. stability C. transformation D. flexibility50. A. increasingly B. strangely C. subsequently D. obviously51. A. Therefore B. Moreover C. However D. Otherwise52. A. stronger B. closer C. further D. weaker53. A. option B. sign C. symptom D. cause54. A. replaced B. exposed C. divided D. cultivated55. A. stuck in mud B. buried in sand C. lost in thought D. set in stoneSection B（A）One way people are responding to food safety concerns is by growing their own food. However, not everyone lives on property with enough space for a private plot. One solution is community gardens, which have become popular worldwide, numbering 18,000 in North America alone. In addition to providing low-cost, delicious food, these public spaces offer cities a range of other benefits.Community gardens are located in a town or city and tended by local residents. Often, the land is on a vacant lot owned by the city. The site is divided into manageable plots, which may be tended by individuals or by the garden’s members collectively. Since the land is usually publicly owned, the cost for gardeners to lease it is minimal. In fact, New York City, which is home to more than 750 community gardens tended by more than 20,000 members, charges people just $1 a year to lease a plot. Other costs involve soil, tools, seeds, fencing , and so on. However, because they’re shared by many people, individual gardeners pay very little.A community garden can quickly pay off, in terms of delicious fruits and vegetables, in addition to beautiful flowers. Excess produce can be s old for a profit at farmers markets. But a garden’s benefit don’t stop there. They also beautify cities, foster strong relationships among residents, and lower an area’s crime rate. Award-winning spaces like London’s Culpeper Community Garden even attract tourists. Beautiful and affordable, community gardens are often described as oases in crowded cities.56. Community gardens are designed for those who ___.A. are concerned about food safetyB. live in a house with a private plotC. can’t afford to buy organic foodD. don’t have their own property57. New York City _____.A. is owned by 20,000 individual gardenersB. charges residents a lot to lease tools and fencingC. contains more than 750 community gardensD. is tended by professional gardeners and local residents58. What’s the benefit of community gardens?A. People can enjoy safe and delicious vegetables and animal meat.B. Residents are more familiar and related with each other.C. The neighborhood is becoming safer but of lower taste.D. People can make some profits from the visiting tourists.59. The underlined word“oases”is closest in meaning to ____.A. cultural and art centersB. popular platforms for exchangesC. peaceful and safe landsD. commercial and prosperous places（B）African SafariEssential information you need to know before booking your African Safari in Southern Africa –These tips will enhance the experience that you haveThings to Consider Before Booking an African Safari1)Book in AdvanceAfrican Safaris are now hugely popular and good safari camps often get booked out more than a year in advance, especially during the high season from July through to October. Show more…2)Choosing which game parkDifferent parks have different topography and weather patterns – this greatly affects animal movements at different times of the year. If you want to target certain species of animals, then some parks are better than others for certain species. Show more…3）Choosing which lodge or safari campA typical safari camp has between 10 and 20 beds, it is an intimate safari experience and very personalized. However, there are also hotels in some places, either inside or just outside a national park, which can sleep anything up to 300 people. Show more…4）GuidingThe quality, experience and knowledge of the game at any Safari camp is almost the most important factor to consider. Good guides can transform your experience from ordinary to exceptional. Show more…5）What’s the Best Time of Year to go on SafariUnderstandably as the seasons change so does the safari experience. It is highly advisable to find out the best time of year for the safari area that you are intending to visit. Prices will change dramatically between the high and the low season, so good deals are to be had in the low season but it is important to know the difference, as your experience will be vastly different. Show more…6）The PriceGoing on safari is not cheap whichever way you do it , but the price range can be enormous. Unfortunately, safaris in most cases are a case of “you pay for what you get”,Show more…7）Fly-in safari or notUsing small charter planes is sometimes an absolute necessity for camps in remote areas, where road transfers are just not practical or viable. These flights can increase the overall cost of the safari substantially but generally they are woth it and allow you the flexibility to visit a variety of safari camps in different locations. Show more…8）Use an AgentAs you can see from all the information and options detailed above, there is great deal to understand and unless you go on safari several times a year it is impossible to know all this stuff. Show more…CONTACT US NOW TO HELP PLAN YOUR SAFARIWe are qualified travel agents who know this area intimately!Click on the below buttons for some fantastic safari ideas60. Which is a determining factor in choosing a Safari camp?A. Means of transport.B. Accommodation.C. Weather patterns.D. Game guides.61. John is planning to have an African Safari in August 2018. He should book it in ______.A. July 2018B. January 2018C. July 2017D. October 201762. Which of the following is FALSE about African Safari?A. You can have a good price but same experience if you travel in low season.B. If you visit different camps in remote areas, flights may be unavoidable.C. The more money you pay, the better experience you’ll get.D. Not all the parks have the same species of animals.（C）A busy brain can mean a hungry body. We often seek food after focused mental activity, like preparing for an exam. Researchers think that heavy bouts of thinking drain energy from the brain, whose capacity to store fuel is very limited.So the brain, sensing that it may soon require more calories（卡路里）to keep going, apparently stimulates bodily hunger, and even though there has been little in the way of physical movement bodily hunger, and even though there has been little in the way of physical movement or calorie consumption, we eat. This process may partly account for the weight gain so commonly seen in college students.Scientists at the University of Alabama at Birmingham and another institution recently experimented with exercise to counter such immoderately post - - study food consumption.Gary Hunter, an exercise physiologist at U.A.B., oversaw the study. Hunter notes that tough activity both increases the amount of blood sugar and lactate（乳酸盐）—circulating in the blood and increases blood flow to the head. Because the brain uses sugar and lactate as fuel, researchers wondered if the increased flow of fuel-rich blood during exercise could feed an exhausted brain and reduce the urge to overeat.Thirty - - eight healthy college students were invited to U.A.B.’s exercise lab to report what their favorite pizza was. At a later date, the volunteers returned and spent 20 minutes dealing with selections from college and graduate - - school entrance exams. Next, half the students sat quietly for 15 minutes, before being given pizza. The rest of the volunteers spent those 15 minutes doing intervals on a treadmill: two minutes of hard running followed by about one minute of walking, repeated five times. Hunter says, that should stimulate the release of sugar and lactate into the bloodstream. These students were then allowed to gorge on pizza, too. But by and large, they did not overeat. In fact, the non-exercisers, however, consumed about 100 calories more.The study has limitations, of course. We only looked at lunch. Hunter says；the researchers do not know if the runners consumed extra calories at dinner. They also cannot tell whether other types of exercise would have the same effect as running, although Hunter says they suspect that if an activity causes someone to break into a sweat, it should also increase blood sugar and lactate, feeding the brain and weakening hunger’s call.63. According to the passage, ______ may cause many college students to overeat and gain weight.A. a lot of energy-consuming mental activitiesB. numerous physical movements or calorie burningC. failure to resist the temptation of delicious foodD. bodily hunger caused by physical growth64. The underlined word“counter”is closest in meaning to _____.A. stimulateB. maximizeC. balanceD. prevent65. What can be inferred from the passage?A. Running is more beneficial than walking.B. Sweating in exercise can make people hungrier.C. The amount of blood sugar and lactate can affect people’s appetite.D. When the brain feels exhausted, people tend to do exercise for relaxation.66. Which of the following statements is FALSE?A. Mental activities can make people feel hungry.B. Physical exercise can make people refreshed and stay hungry.C. Sugar and lactate can help energize and restore people’s brain.D. It’s uncertain what types of exercise can effectively feed the brain.Section CDirections : Complete the following passage by using the sentences given below . each sentence can be used only once. Note that there are two more sentences than you need.A. When something comes from within you ,you always try your best to analyze it in a scientific way .B. Psychologists call this private speech ----language that is spoken loud but directed at yourselfC. So words to the self , spoken silently or loud , are so much more than just chatterD. We keep the private speech we use as children inside ------but we never truly put away the out=loud version .E. According to he well-known saying , talking to yourself is the first sign of madness.F. Self-talk is efficient because when we are vocal about our thoughts , it makes a larger impact on our brain.Self-talk helps us allTalking to yourself may seem a little shameful . If you’ve ever been overheard criticizing yourself for a foolish mistake or practicing a speech , you’ll know the social problems it can cause.________67__________But there’s no need for embarrassment . Talking to ourselves , whether out loud or silently in our heads, is valuable . Far from being a sign of insanity , self-talk allows us to plan what we are going to do , manage our activities and control our emotions.For example , take a trip to any preschool and watch a small girl playing with her toys . You are very likely to hear her talking to herself : offering herself directions and talking about her problems. ________________68_______________We do a lot of it when we are young.As children ,according to the Russian Psychologist Lev Vygotsky , we use private speech to control our actions in the same way that we use public speech to control the behavior of others. As we grow older , we keep this system inside.Psychological experiments have shown that this so-called inner speech can improve our performance in tasks like telling what other people are thinking . Our words give us an interesting view of our actions . One recent study suggested that self-talk is most effective when we talk to ourselves in the second person : as “you”rather than “I”_____________69___________________If you want proof , turn to a sports channel . You’re sure to see an athlete shouting at himself or herself .Talking to ourselves seems to be a very good way of solving problems and working through ideas. Hearing different points of view means our thoughts can end up in different place , just like a regular dialogue , and might turn out to be one of the keys to human creativity.Both kinds of self-talk -----silent and out loud ----seem to bring many different benefits to ourthinking ._____________70_______-Summary WritingDirections ; Read the following passage . Summarize in more than 60 words the main idea of the passage and how it is illustrated . Use your own words as far as possible.For thousands of years , people have sailed across the oceans to trade , explore and transport goods . However , not every ship arrives at its port of destination . Weather ,war , navigation mistakes and bad luck have caused many ships to sink to the bottom of the ocean. These shipwrecks , which are estimated to number more than three million , have long fascinated us . In addition to being historically important , they sometimes contain great riches.Historical research is a key motivator for shipwreck hunters . Ships carrying documents and artifact can teach us about ancient civilizations and important events . For instance , in 1997 the Pandora , which sank in 791, was discovered off the coast of Australia . The findings from the ship helped us understand the events surrounding the famous mutiny (暴动) on another ship ----- the Bounty . Another important discovery off the US coast in 1996 is widely believed to be the Queen Ann’s Revenge , the flagship of the private Blackbeard.Profit is another motive for shipwreck exploration ,as companies use advanced sonar , robots and retrieval equipment to find treasure ships . One such firm is Odyssey Marine Exploration . The company has found hundreds of ships , including , in 2007 , a Spanish sailing ship containing 500,000 silver coins. The ship , which sank 200 years ago in the Atlantic Ocean , carried a treasure estimated to be worth $500 million . Soon after the discovery , a long legal battle over ownership rights took place between the company and the Spanish government . Cases like these are part of an ongoing debate about protecting historically important ships from treasure hunters.TranslationDirections ; Translate the following sentences into English ,using the words given in the brackets.1，新颁布的禁烟令得到了广大市民的支持。
2017届高三英语4月教学质量检测试卷(附答案)
2017届高三英语4月教学质量检测试卷（附答案）英语试题第一部分听力（共两节，满分30分）第一节（共5小题；每小题1.5分，满分7.5分）听下面5段对话。
每段对话后有一个小题，从题中所给的A、B、C三个选项中选出最佳选项，并标在试卷的相应位置。
听完每段对话后，你都有10秒钟的时间来回答有关小题和阅读下一小题。
每段对话仅读一遍。
1. What does the woman ask the man to do? A. Go to a film with her. B. Go to a company.C. Buy a map. 2. Where does the conversation most probably take place? A. In a shop. B. In an office. C. In a flat. 3. What does the woman want to buy? A. A car. B. Some equipment. C. A bar.4. What will the woman most probably write with? A. A pencil.B. A ball-pen.C. A pen. 5. What do you know about the reporter?A. He is old.B. He is generous.C. He is successful. 第二节（共15小题；每小题1.5分，满分22.5分）听下面5段对话或独白。
每段对话或独白后有几个小题，从题中所给的A、B、C三个选项中选出最佳选项，并标在试卷的相应位置。
听每段对话或独白前，你将有时间阅读各个小题，每小题5秒钟；听完后，各小题将给出5秒钟的作答时间。
每段对话或独白读两遍。
听第6段材料，回答第6、7题。
6. How does Martin feel? A. Tired. B. Excited. C. Happy.7. Why is Martin so busy? A. Because his boss doesn’t help him.B. Because he has to do everything by himself.C. Because he likes to run an office. 听第7段材料，回答第8、9题。
2017届杨浦高三英语二模
杨浦区2016学年第二学期高三模拟质量调研英语学科试卷2017.4II .Grammar and VocabularySection AI was standing in the checkout line behind a woman who looked to be in __21__ 60s. When it was her turn to pay, the cashier greeted her by name and asked her how she was doing.The woman looked down, ___22___（shake）her head and said:“Not so good.”My husband just lost his job and my son is up to his old tricks again. The truth is, I don’t know how I’m going to get through the holidays.‖Then she gave the cashier food stamps.My heart ached. I wanted to help but didn’t know how.（23）______I offer to pay for her groceries or ask for her husband’s resume?As I walked into the parking lot, I saw the women ___（24）（return）her shopping cart. I remembered something in my purse（25）________I thought could help her. It wasn’t a handful of cash or an offer of a job for her husband, but maybe it would make her life better.My heart pounded as I approached the woman.“Excuse me,”I said, my voice trembling a bit.“I couldn’t help overhearing what you said to the cashier. It sounds like you’re going through a really hard time right now. I’m so sorry. I’d like to give you something.”I handed her the small card from my purse.When the woman read the card’s only two words, she began to cry. And through her tears, she said：“You have no idea（26）_______ this means to me.”I was a little startled by her reply.（27）________（not do）anything like this before, I didn’t know what kind of reaction I might receive. All left for me (28)_______（say）was：“Oh. Would it be OK to give you a hug?”（29）________we embraced, I walked back to my car --and began to cry, too.The words on the card?“You Matter.”A few weeks earlier, a colleague gave me a similar card（30）____ encouragement for a project I was working on. When I read the card, I felt a warm glow spread inside of me. Deeply touched, I came home and ordered my own box of You Matter card and started sharing them.of kids may be adding one more to that list.According to a recent paper published in the Geological Society of American Journal by a group of researchers,“Zealandia”is a new continent that’s ___31___ beneath the ocean.Zealandia is ___32___ to be five million sq km. Most of this massive area is covered by water, but its highest mountains already have their own name：New Zealand.The small country is the only part of Zealandia that isn’t underwater, but the paper’s authors want the huge landmass to be ___33___ worldwide as its own continent.“The scientific value of classifying Zealandia as a continent is much more than just an extra name on a list,”the researchers wrote in their paper.Scientists discovered Zealandia all the way back in 1995, then started ___34___ research on the area using underwater and satellite mapping ___35___. After completing their work, they were finally able to write a reportsuggesting that Zealandia be named a continent.But who decides on what is a continent and what isn’t? There is, in fact, no offic ial organization that does. Some countries’ schools teach that there are six or even five continents. This changes depending on where in the world school is.Due to their __36__ as a “continuous expanse of land”,some classify Europe and Asia as the same continent -- known as Eurasia. Schools in Russia and parts of Eastern Europe teach this.And to make things even more confusing, France and Greece, as well as other countries, classify North America and South America as simply America.This argument over how land is defined has even ___37___ into outer space. In 2006, the International Astronomical Union（IAU）decided that Pluto was no longer a planet, 76 years after its ___38___ in 1930. Experts argued that it no longer met the requirements needed to be called a planet alongside the eight others in our solar system. It was therefore renamed a “dwarf planet（矮行星）”，meaning that ___39___ books, models and museum exhibits all over the world had to be ___40___.But will the world take the same notice of Zealandia? The best way to tell is to keep an eye on our textbooks.Ⅲ.Reading ComprehensionSection AGood news for awkward teenagers around the world. As time goes by, you could ___41___ up like a completely different person.This comes from the longest running personality study ever ___42__ by scientist. According to researchers from the University of Edinburgh in the UK, our personality changes so much from youth to old age that most people’s personalities in older age are barely ___43___ compared to their yo unger selves.The researchers analyzed results from a study in 1947, which gathered 1,208 teenagers in Scotland aged 14 and asked their teachers to ___44___ their personalities based on six traits（特征）.Now, more than six decades later, the University of Edinburgh team has managed to contact 635 of the ___45___ students, and 174 agreed to have their personalities tested once more.At an average age of 76.7 years old, the group were asked to ___46___ themselves on the same six personality traits, then pick a close friend or family member to do the same.By ___47___ the then-and-now test results, the researchers found that there is hardly any relationship between traits people had as teenagers and those in their older years.It was “as if the second tests had been given to ___48___ people,”the study’s researchers wrote in their report, which was published in journal Psychology and Aging.The results were a surprise because research in the past found personality ___49___ in people tested from childhood to middle-age, and from middle-age to older age.As the team explained, our personality appears stable over short intervals -- ___50___ so throughout adulthood. ___51___, the longer the interval between two tests of personality, the ___52___ the relationship between the two tends to be.It’s clear that more studies are needed to find out what’s going on here. But it could be the first ___53___ that it’s not just our cells that are being ___54___ throughout life – the way we think, feel and behave might no be as ___55___ as we once thought.41. A. hold B. wake C. end D. cheer42. A. carried out B. applied to C. participated in D. made up43. A. incredible B. accessible C. changeable D. recognizable44. A. assemble B. assess C. assume D. access45. A. alternative B. individual C. original D. separate46. A. score B. rate C. comment D. remark47. A. comparing B. reviewing C. presenting D. observing48. A. young B. similar C. amateur D. different49. A. combination B. stability C. transformation D. flexibility50. A. increasingly B. strangely C. subsequently D. obviously51. A. Therefore B. Moreover C. However D. Otherwise52. A. stronger B. closer C. further D. weaker53. A. option B. sign C. symptom D. cause54. A. replaced B. exposed C. divided D. cultivated55. A. stuck in mud B. buried in sand C. lost in thought D. set in stoneSection B（A）One way people are responding to food safety concerns is by growing their own food. However, not everyone lives on property with enough space for a private plot. One solution is community gardens, which have become popular worldwide, numbering 18,000 in North America alone. In addition to providing low-cost, delicious food, these public spaces offer cities a range of other benefits.Community gardens are located in a town or city and tended by local residents. Often, the land is on a vacant lot owned by the city. The site is divided into manageable plots, which may be tended by individuals or by the garden’s members collectively. Since the land is usually publicly owned, the cost for gardeners to lease it is minimal. In fact, New York City, which is home to more than 750 community gardens tended by more than 20,000 members, charges people just $1 a year to lease a plot. Other costs involve soil, tools, seeds, fencing , and so on. However, because they’re shared by many people, individual gardeners pay very little.A community garden can quickly pay off, in terms of delicious fruits and vegetables, in addition to beautiful flowers. Excess produce can be sold for a profit at farmers markets. But a garden’s benefit don’t stop there. They also beautify cities, foster strong relationships among residents, and lower an area’s c rime rate. Award-winning spaces like London’s Culpeper Community Garden even attract tourists. Beautiful and affordable, community gardens are often described as oases in crowded cities.56. Community gardens are designed for those who ___.A. are concerned about food safetyB. live in a house with a private plotC. can’t afford to buy organic foodD. don’t have their own property57. New York City _____.A. is owned by 20,000 individual gardenersB. charges residents a lot to lease tools and fencingC. contains more than 750 community gardensD. is tended by professional gardeners and local residents58. What’s the benefit of community gardens?A. People can enjoy safe and delicious vegetables and animal meat.B. Residents are more familiar and related with each other.C. The neighborhood is becoming safer but of lower taste.D. People can make some profits from the visiting tourists.59. The underlined word“oases”is closest in meaning to ____.A. cultural and art centersB. popular platforms for exchangesC. peaceful and safe landsD. commercial and prosperous places（B）African SafariEssential information you need to know before booking your African Safari in Southern Africa – These tips will enhance the experience that you haveThings to Consider Before Booking an African Safari1)Book in AdvanceAfrican Safaris are now hugely popular and good safari camps often get booked out more than a year in advance, especially during the high season from July through to October. Show more…2)Choosing which game parkDifferent parks have different topography and weather patterns –this greatly affects animal movements at different times of the year. If you want to target certain species of animals, then some parks are better than others for certain species. Show more…3）Choosing which lodge or safari campA typical safari camp has between 10 and 20 beds, it is an intimate safari experience and very personalized. However, there are also hotels in some places, either inside or just outside a national park, which can sleep anything up to 300 people. Show more…4）GuidingThe quality, experience and knowledge of the game at any Safari camp is almost the most important factor to consider. Good guides can transform your experience from ordinary to exceptional. Show more…5）What’s the Best Time of Year to go on SafariUnderstandably as the seasons change so does the safari experience. It is highly advisable to find out the best time of year for the safari area that you are intending to visit. Prices will change dramatically between the high and the low season, so good deals are to be had in the low season but it is important to know the difference, as your experience will be vastly different. Show more…6）The PriceGoing on safari is not cheap whichever way you do it , but the price range can be enormous. Unfortunately, safaris in most cases are a case of “you pay for what you get”,Show more…7）Fly-in safari or notUsing small charter planes is sometimes an absolute necessity for camps in remote areas, where road transfers are just not practical or viable. These flights can increase the overall cost of the safari substantially but generally they are woth it and allow you the flexibility to visit a variety of safari camps in different locations. Show more…8）Use an AgentAs you can see from all the information and options detailed above, there is great deal to understand and unless you go on safari several times a year it is impossible to know all this stuff. Show more…CONTACT US NOW TO HELP PLAN YOUR SAFARIWe are qualified travel agents who know this area intimately!Click on the below buttons for some fantastic safari ideas60. Which is a determining factor in choosing a Safari camp?A. Means of transport.B. Accommodation.C. Weather patterns.D. Game guides.61. John is planning to have an African Safari in August 2018. He should book it in ______.A. July 2018B. January 2018C. July 2017D. October 201762. Which of the following is FALSE about African Safari?A. You can have a good price but same experience if you travel in low season.B. If you visit different camps in remote areas, flights may be unavoidable.C. The more money you pay, the better experience you’ll get.D. Not all the parks have the same species of animals.（C）A busy brain can mean a hungry body. We often seek food after focused mental activity, like preparing for an exam. Researchers think that heavy bouts of thinking drain energy from the brain, whose capacity to store fuel is very limited.So the brain, sensing that it may soon require more calories（卡路里）to keep going, apparently stimulates bodily hunger, and even though there has been little in the way of physical movement bodily hunger, and even though there has been little in the way of physical movement or calorie consumption, we eat. This process may partly account for the weight gain so commonly seen in college students.Scientists at the University of Alabama at Birmingham and another institution recently experimented with exercise to counter such immoderately post - - study food consumption.Gary Hunter, an exercise physiologist at U.A.B., oversaw the study. Hunter notes that tough activity both increases the amount of blood sugar and lactate（乳酸盐）—circulating in the blood and increases blood flow to the head. Because the brain uses sugar and lactate as fuel, researchers wondered if the increased flow of fuel-rich blood during exercise could feed an exhausted brain and reduce the urge to overeat.Thirty - - eight healthy college students were invited to U.A.B.’s exercise lab to report what their favorite pizza was. At a later date, the volunteers returned and spent 20 minutes dealing with selections from college and graduate - - school entrance exams. Next, half the students sat quietly for 15 minutes, before being given pizza. The rest of the volunteers spent those 15 minutes doing intervals on a treadmill: two minutes of hard running followed by about one minute of walking, repeated five times. Hunter says, that should stimulate the release of sugar and lactate into the bloodstream. These students were then allowed to gorge on pizza, too. But by and large, they did not overeat. In fact, the non-exercisers, however, consumed about 100 calories more.The study has limitations, of course. We only looked at lunch. Hunter says；the researchers do not know if the runners consumed extra calories at dinner. They also cannot tell whether other types of exercise would have the same effect as running, although Hunter says they suspect that if an activity causes someone to break into a sweat, it should also increase blood sugar and lactate, feeding the brain and weakening hunger’s call.63. According to the passage, ______ may cause many college students to overeat and gain weight.A. a lot of energy-consuming mental activitiesB. numerous physical movements or calorie burningC. failure to resist the temptation of delicious foodD. bodily hunger caused by physical growth64. The underlined word“counter”is closest in meaning to _____.A. stimulateB. maximizeC. balanceD. prevent65. What can be inferred from the passage?A. Running is more beneficial than walking.B. Sweating in exercise can make people hungrier.C. The a mount of blood sugar and lactate can affect people’s appetite.D. When the brain feels exhausted, people tend to do exercise for relaxation.66. Which of the following statements is FALSE?A. Mental activities can make people feel hungry.B. Physical exercise can make people refreshed and stay hungry.C. Sugar and lactate can help energize and restore people’s brain.D. It’s uncertain what types of exercise can effectively feed the brain.Section CDirections : Complete the following passage by using the sentences given below . each sentence can be used only once. Note that there are two more sentences than you need.A. When something comes from within you ,you always try your best to analyze it in a scientific way .B. Psychologists call this private speech ----language that is spoken loud but directed at yourselfC. So words to the self , spoken silently or loud , are so much more than just chatterD. We keep the private speech we use as children inside ------but we never truly put away the out=loud version .E. According to he well-known saying , talking to yourself is the first sign of madness.F. Self-talk is efficient because when we are vocal about our thoughts , it makes a larger impact on our brain.Self-talk helps us allTalking to yourself may seem a little shameful . If you’ve ever been overheard criticizing yourself for a foolish mistake or practicing a speech , you’ll know the social problems it can cause.________67__________But there’s no need for embarrassment . Talking to ourselves , whether out loud or silently in our heads, is valuable . Far from being a sign of insanity , self-talk allows us to plan what we are going to do , manage our activities and control our emotions.For example , take a trip to any preschool and watch a small girl playing with her toys . You are very likely to hear her talking to herself : offering herself directions and talking about her problems. ________________68_______________We do a lot of it when we are young.As children ,according to the Russian Psychologist Lev Vygotsky , we use private speech to control our actions in the same way that we use public speech to control the behavior of others. As we grow older , we keep this system inside.Psychological experiments have shown that this so-called inner speech can improve our performance in tasks like telling what other people are thinking . Our words give us an interesting view of our actions . One recent study suggested that self-talk is most effective when we talk to ourselves in the second person : as ―you‖ rather than ―I‖_____________69___________________If you want proof , turn to a sports channel . You’re sure to see an athlete shouting at himself or herself .Talking to ourselves seems to be a very good way of solving problems and working through ideas. Hearing different points of view means our thoughts can end up in different place , just like a regular dialogue , and mightturn out to be one of the keys to human creativity.Both kinds of self-talk -----silent and out loud ----seem to bring many different benefits to our thinking ._____________70_______-Summary WritingDirections ; Read the following passage . Summarize in more than 60 words the main idea of the passage and how it is illustrated . Use your own words as far as possible.For thousands of years , people have sailed across the oceans to trade , explore and transport goods . However , not every ship arrives at its port of destination . Weather ,war , navigation mistakes and bad luck have caused many ships to sink to the bottom of the ocean. These shipwrecks , which are estimated to number more than three million , have long fascinated us . In addition to being historically important , they sometimes contain great riches. Historical research is a key motivator for shipwreck hunters . Ships carrying documents and artifact can teach us about ancient civilizations and important events . For instance , in 1997 the Pandora , which sank in 791, was discovered off the coast of Australia . The findings from the ship helped us understand the events surrounding the famous mutiny (暴动) on another ship ----- the Bounty . Another important discovery off the US coast in 1996 is widely believed to be the Queen Ann’s Revenge , the flagship of the private Blackbeard.Profit is another motive for shipwreck exploration ,as companies use advanced sonar , robots and retrieval equipment to find treasure ships . One such firm is Odyssey Marine Exploration . The company has found hundreds of ships , including , in 2007 , a Spanish sailing ship containing 500,000 silver coins. The ship , which sank 200 years ago in the Atlantic Ocean , carried a treasure estimated to be worth $500 million . Soon after the discovery , a long legal battle over ownership rights took place between the company and the Spanish government . Cases like these are part of an ongoing debate about protecting historically important ships from treasure hunters.TranslationDirections ; Translate the following sentences into English ,using the words given in the brackets.1，新颁布的禁烟令得到了广大市民的支持。
上海市14校2017届联考高三英语试卷
2017届上海十四校高三教学调研英语试卷(试卷满分140分，考试时间120分钟)I. Listening ComprehensionSection ADirections: In Section A, you will hear ten short conversations between two speakers. At the end of each conversation, a question will be asked about what was said. The conversations and the questions will be spoken only once. After you hear a conversation and the question about it, read the four possible answers on your paper, and decide which one is the best answer to the question you have heard.1. A. Excited. B. Dissatisfied. C. Bored. D. Exhausted.2. A. 7:00. B. 7:10. C. 9:00. D. 9:10.3. A. A cook. B. A shop assistant. C. A saleswoman. D. A waitress.4. A. At a gas station. B. In a work shop. C. At an art gallery. D. In a department store.5. A. He hasn‟t had a chance to meet Kathy yet. B. Kathy had already told him the news.C. He didn‟t know that Kathy was being moved.D. His new office will be located in New York.6. A. The woman wants to go to Toronto. B. The man wants to go to Vancouver.C. There are no flights to Toronto.D. There are two direct flights to Toronto.7. A. She should do more careful work. B. She is not concerned about George‟s remarks.C. George does not care about her.D. George shouldn‟t have said much about her.8. A. She can‟t af ford that much for a trip.B. She is fortunate to have made a lot of money.C. She doesn‟t think 15,000 dollars is enough for the trip.D. She considers 15,000 dollars only a small sum of money.9. A. Playing tennis. B. Writing a term paper. C. Gathering materials. D. Holding a meeting.10. A. The man was seriously injured in the car accident.B. The man had poor imagination because of the car accident.C. The man wasn‟t wearing the seat belt when the accident happened.D. The man‟s daughter advis ed him to wear the seat belt before he left home.Section BDirections: In Section B, you will hear two short passages and one conversation. You will beasked three questions on each of the passages and four questions for the conversation. The passages and conversation will be read twice, but the questions will be spoken only once. When you hear a question, read the four possible answers on your paper and decide which one would be the best answer to the question you have heard.Questions 11 through 13 are based on the following passage.11. A. Future researchers. B. College students.C. Company employees.D. Successful artists.12. A. To teach the listeners how to work hard. B. To enable the listeners to get better salaries.C. To prepare the listeners to get better jobs.D. To encourage the listeners to seize opportunities.13. A. Kindness. B. Diligence. C. Willingness. D. Interest.Questions 14 through 16 are based on the following passage.14. A. The benefits of walking. B. The importance of keeping fit.C. The way of forming a habit.D. The possibility of excising regularly.15. A. Because it needs much thinking. B. Because people can improve their memory.C. Because it is suitable for everyone.D. Because people needn‟t concentrate on i t.16. A. It is the easiest way to lose weight. B. It can be made part of people‟s life.C. It can make people‟s hearts stronger.D. It prevents people suffering from cancers.Questions 17 through 20 are based on the following conversation.17. A. He has just been back from South America. B. He has been burnt for a few hours.C. He has been surfing the Internet for long.D. He has been doing school work all night.18. A. To look for something interesting for pleasure. B. To meet new friends in the net chatroom.C. To release pressure from heavy work.D. To look for information for his project.19. A. Quite a few sites are just old event calendars. B. It‟s a waste of time to surf the Internet.C. A lot of information can be found.D. A lot of friends can be made on the Internet.20. A. People spend much time talking about other interests.B. It takes long to find things because of many useless sites.C. It is hard to start chatting with others in the chatroom.D. It‟s hardly the best source o f information available.II. Grammar and VocabularySection ADirections: After reading the passage below, fill in the blanks to make the passage coherent and grammatically correct. For the blanks with a given word, fill in each blank with the proper form ofthe given word; for the other blanks, use one word that best fits each blank.From classics to moviesHe can recite Shakespeare‟s Hamlet from memory. His favorite ancient myth is The Odyssey. Tom Hiddleston, 32, could have been a popular professor teaching English Literature at (21) __________ university, but the well-educated British man chose to do something that he loves even more: acting.He‟s well-known around the world as the villain Loki from the Hollywood films Thor (2011), The Avengers (2012) and now Thor: The Dark World, which will come out in China on Nov 8. Hiddleston‟s role as Thor‟s evil brother has led his fans —“Hiddlestoners” —(22) __________ (refer) to him as “the most charming villain” in cinema.(23) __________ his charm, Hiddleston had a tough time (24) __________ (persuade) his scientist father that acting was a worthwhile job. As a student at Eton, a private school for upper-class kids in England, Hiddleston performed in a lot of school plays. At 18, he appeared on stage at the Edinburgh International Festival. “It was the first time that people I knew and loved and respected came up to me after the show and said: …You could really do this (25) __________ you wanted to‟,” Hiddleston told the Daily Mail.He said that as a teenager he didn‟t have much self-esteem, but acting gave him confidence. “It was when they started saying I could do it (26) __________ I really committed to it as a possibility,” he continued. However, his father did not approve, believing his polite and bright son should be using his brains for (27) __________ else. “You‟ve been educated, so why do you want to spend your life pretending to be someone else when you could be your own man?” the father told the son.So, instead of going to drama school, Hiddleston went to Cambridge, (28) __________ he studied classics. There, he continued to appear in student plays and even landed some roles on TV and in local theaters. He managed to balance his acting and his studies so well that he (29) __________ (graduate) with a first-class degree.But Hiddleston‟s international breakthrough came when he auditioned for the 2011 film Thor. He was desperate to play the title superhero, but the director decided that he was (30) __________ (suitable) for the part of the villain, Loki.In the end, his dark and powerful performance won over his father. It also earned him some important fans in the film industry: Steven Spielberg and Woody Allen. The two world-famous directors asked him to star in their award-winning films War Horse (2011) and Midnight in Paris (2011), respectively.Section BDirections: Fill in each blank with a proper word chosen from the box. Each word can be usedGender equality has powerful potential to improve the economy, security and the overall well-being of a population.“If the world closed the gender gap in workforce 31 , global [Gross Domestic Product] would increase by 28 trillion dollars by 2025... That‟s about a quarter of the world‟s current GDP, and almost half of the world‟s current debt,” said U.S. Ambassador-at-Large fo r Global Women‟sIssues Catherine Russell in a recent speech. She also noted that “studies have found that countries with less gender inequality are more secure, and peace 32 last longer when women are at the negotiating table.”Nonetheless, no country in the world can 33 that it has achieved full gender equality.“Around the world, women are vastly 34 in politics and the workforce, particularly in leadership positions and other high-paying jobs,” said Ambassador Russell. At the same time, women make up t he majority of the poor. “I‟ve heard people say that poverty has a 35 face, and that makes sense when you consider that women control just one-fifth of global wealth,” said Ambassador Russell.World leaders are beginning to recognize that everyone benefits from 36 gender equality, she said. This is why gender equality is part of U.S. foreign policy. A key part of U.S. efforts focus on educating and empowering girls. In the past 18 months, the United States 37 its global strategy to empower adolescent girls, as well as Let Girls Learn, which is a Presidential initiative that focuses on educating girls.We are also working with numerous countries to remove 38 that keep women from inheriting or owning property, entering the formal job market or accessing banking services.“Gender equality sometimes looks like an impossible task —a 39 without an end,” said Ambassador Russell. “But...we can make progress, and that progress is worth making. Little by little, discussion by discussion, step by step, we can improve the lives of women and girls, men and boys all around the world. And in doing so, we can reach our 40goals of peace, prosperity, and security.”III. Reading ComprehensionSection ADirections: For each blank in the following passage there are four words or phrases marked A, B, C and D. Fill in each blank with the word or phrase that best fits the context.“Achievement Gap” Closing Slightly for Young Students in U.S.Within many education systems, wealthier students often test better than poorer ones, which, to education experts, is often called the “achievement gap.”Sean Reardon is a professor of poverty and 41 in education at Stanford. He studied children and how they prepare for kindergarten classes. He also looked at how their preparation has changed since the 1990s. He found 42 that from 1998 to 2010 the achievement gap closed a little.One way to reduce the gap is to offer pre-kindergarten 43 to very young children.Education experts and some politicians have long 44 for pre-kindergarten classes for all young children. In fact, it has been a 45 heard on the political campaign trail —universal pre-kindergarten classes for all 3- and 4-year-olds.Such classes are already being offered in some areas around the United States, including the U.S. capital, Washington, D.C. 46 , education reformers may want to look to Washington as a role model.Vincent Gray, former mayor of the District of Columbia, wrote the legislation for universal pre-K when he was chairman of the D.C. Council. His 47 gave parents of all children in Washington the choice to begin school at either age 3 or 4. The pre-K programs are not a 48 in the city. Parents can still choose what is best for their family. But many parents are choosing education.However, there are theories that say a child does not need schooling at the age of 3 and 4. If we are looking at test results, Finland 49 the United States and most other countries inmathematics, reading and science. Yet Finnish children do not start school until age 7.Perhaps there is not a one-size-fits-all answer. Perhaps different children need school at different times. Generally, wealthier parents have more 50 resources to help their children. Educated parents —wealthy or not —may know how to use the resources that are available to them. For example, they may take their children to free events at a public library or recreation center. Washington, D.C. also has many museums with free 51 .Perhaps children who grow up with these types of activities don‟t need to start attending school at age 3. However, children who are growing up in what Vincent Gray calls socio-economically 52 situations may not have access to such activities. For some families, he says, starting school at age 3 can be a game changer.Pre-kindergarten classes do more than 53 the child. They also bring parents and caregivers into the schools. This point of contact, explains Gray, is a valuable time to educate families.A federal study found that, 54 , parent involvement increased with such contacts. But it increased even more among 55 parents. It shows schools offer a place where conversations with these parents can happen.41. A. efficiency B. inequality C. convenience D. independence42. A. critically B. terribly C. firmly D. surprisingly43. A. projects B. actions C. programs D. materials44. A. desired B. pushed C. demanded D. promoted45. A. promise B. potential C. possibility D. proportion46. A. In fact B. For example C. As a result D. On the contrary47. A. figure B. measure C. feature D. portrait48. A. freedom B. option C. requirement D. need49. A. beats B. wins C. conquers D. overcomes50. A. economical B. political C. natural D. financial51. A. permission B. admission C. expression D. impression52. A. rich B. secure C. challenging D. dangerous53. A. support B. entertain C. excite D. educate54. A. generally B. especially C. definitely D. rarely55. A. well-paid B. highly-cultivated C. well-educated D. low-incomeSection BDirections: Read the following three passages. Each passage is followed by several questions or unfinished statements. For each of them there are four choices marked A, B, C and D. Choose the one that fits best according to the information given in the passage you have just read.(A)Science not always so seriousDid you know that if you attach a weighted stick to the back of a chicken, it walks like a dinosaur?No, you did not know (or care to know) such things, but now you do! Thanks to th is year‟s winners of the Ig Nobel Prizes! Now in its 25th year, the Ig Nobel is the goofy younger cousin of the honored Nobel Prize. It applauds achievements in the fields of medicine, biology, physics, economics, literature, etc. Every September at Harvard University, awards are presented in 10 categories that change year to year, depending on —according to the organization —what makes the judges “laugh, then think”.The ceremony officially begins when audience members launch paper airplanes at anassigned human target on the stage, then speakers only have 60 seconds to present their research. In previous years, the one-minute rule was imposed by a young girl —nicknamed Miss Sweetie Poo —who would go up to the platform and repeat the words: “Please stop, I‟m bored,” in a sharp tone until the speaker left the stage.Fortunately for candidates though, the Ig Informal Lectures are held afterwards on Saturday to give presenters more time to explain the crazy things they‟re working on.The research can seem more like the brainchildren of teenage boys than of respectable adults. JustinSchmidt won the physiology Ig for creating the “Sting Pain Index,” which rates the pain people feel after getting stung (蛰) by insects. Smith pressed bees against 25 different parts of his body until they stung him. Five stings a day for 38 days, Smith concluded that the most painful sting locations were the nostril (鼻孔) and the upper lip. Ouch.As silly as they sound, not all of the Ig awards lack scientific applicability. A group of scientists from 12 different countries won in the medicine category for accurately diagnosing patients with appendicitis (阑尾炎) based on an unusual measurement: speed bumps (减速带). They found that patients are more likely to have appendicitis if they report pain during bumpy car rides.All these weird experiments have just one thing in common. They‟re improbable. It can be tempting to assume that “improbable” implies more than that —implies bad or good, worthless or valuable, trivial or important. Something improbable can be any of those, or none of them, or all of them, in dif ferent ways. And what you don‟t expect can be a powerful force for not only entertaining science, but also for the boundary-pushing science we call innovation.56. The underlined word “goofy” in Paragraph 2 probably means __________.A. timidB. funnyC. gloriousD. warm-hearted57. According to the passage, what can we know about the awarding ceremony of Ig Nobel?A. It is held at a fixed place.B. Candidates should know how to fold paper planes.C. Miss Sweetie Poo is one of the hostesses.D. Ig Informal Lecture gives presenters 60 seconds to finish their speeches.58. The example in Paragraph 6 is used to illustrate that Ig Nobel __________.A. celebrates the diligent work of researchersB. offers another opportunity to those who miss the Nobel PrizesC. serves as a platform for the creative and practical achievementsD. amuses the audience59. Among the four candidates below, who is most likely to win an Ig Nobel?A. A chemist who invents a chemical method to partially un-boil an egg.B. A novelist who criticizes social injustice severely.C. A physicist who studies the origin of the universe.D. An economist who achieves a breakthrough in the study of international trade.(B)All aboard: try these outHere are new card games popular in the Western geek circle that offer much brain work. Give them a try if you fancy testing your limits.MysteriumIn this game, the players are to solve a murder mystery in order Array to put rest the soul of a wrongly-accused man who dies in prison.Mysterium allows one player to be the ghost itself, who offershints to other players in the way of “dream cards”. The dream cardswill then lead players to the cards with details about the murderweapon, location and suspects. Figuring out the connections betweenthese elements will help them find the murderer.Playing the ghost can be fun, as Tony Mastrangeli, a game reviewer, puts it, “For me, some of the most fun comes from playingthe ghost role. I like steering the ship and handing out cards.”CodenamesCodenames starts players out with cards. Each card bears aword on the front and a secret identity on the reverse. Players are Array divided into two teams, red team and blue team. Each team has a leader, or “spymaster”, who owns a map of each hidden identity. It‟sthen their job to give out clues so the team members can find theirown spies.Spymasters can only indicate the word on the card following astrict format: a single word followed by a number. For example, ifthe cards bearing “cactus (仙人掌)”and “heat” both belong to thered team, the clue can be “desert, two”. The red team members willthen start discussing the clues and try to find the two cards that relateto “desert”.Pandemic: LegacyIn this game, you and your friends play a team of doctors and Array scientists, who can help to prevent four deadly diseases from wipingout humanity. This is a cooperative game, which means you and your teammates either live together or die together.By drawing an instruction card, teammates will be able to move,treat diseases or build a research station. If they draw one of the five “epidemic” (流行病) cards, the city will suffer a disease outbreak. If handled wrong, outbreaks might lead to a chain reaction and causethings to crash down.Pandemic: Legacy requires you to look at the bigger picturebefore making any decisions. Finding the balance between treatingdiseases and seeking more permanent cures is a constant challenge.60. Playing the ghost in Mysterium offers you a lot of fun because __________.A. you can bring the poor man back to lifeB. you can solve the murder mystery by yourselfC. you can dominate the whole gameD. you can select your partners61. In Codenames, what clue may the Spymaster give for the cards bearing “agency”, “climate” and “fountain”?A. “architecture, 3”B. “tourism, 3”C. “location, 3”D. “geology, 3”62. Which of the following is NOT true about Pandemic: Legacy?A. It‟s a role-play game.B. Its players need to beat one another.C. It provides fun and mental challenge.D. It calls for carefulness and comprehensive thinking to win the challenge.(C)The MacArthur Foundation late last month announced its latest crop of “genius grants”, and once again you thought maybe, just maybe, this was your year.And why not? These days, we‟re all geniuses. We might be “marketing geniuses” or “cooking geniuses” or “TV geniuses”. We have so weakened “genius” that it‟s fast joining the company of “natural” and “mindful” (留心), words left inactive through overuse and misuse.Admittedly, the word is tough to nail down. Sometimes we assume genius equivalent to raw intelligence. But many of humanity‟s greatest breakthroughs were achieved by those with only modest IQs.Sometimes we think of the genius as someone extremely knowledgeable, but that definition also falls short. During Albert Einstein‟s time, other scientists knew more physics than Einstein did, but history doesn‟t remember them. That‟s because they didn‟t make use of that knowledge the way Einstein did. They weren‟t able to, as he put it, “regard old questions from a new angle”.The genius is not a know-it-all but a see-it-all, someone who, working with the material available to all of us, is able to make surprising and useful connections. True genius involves not merely an extra advance, but a conceptual leap. As philosopher Arthur Schopenhauer put it: Talent hits the target no one else can hit; genius hits the target no one else can see.We‟ve lost sight of this truth, and too often grant the title of geniu s on talented people hitting visible targets. A good example is the much-boasted announcement earlier this year that scientists had, for the first time, recorded the sound of two black holes bumping, a billion light-years away. It was a remarkable discovery, no doubt, but it did not represent a dramatic shift in how we understand the universe. It merely confirmed Einstein‟s general theory of relativity.As Plato observed, “What is honored in a country is cultivated there.” What do we honor? Digital technology, and the convenience it represents, so naturally we get a Steve Jobs or a Mark Zuckerberg as our “geniuses”, which, in point of fact, they aren‟t.The iPhone and Facebook are wonderful inventions. In many ways, they make our lives a bit easier, a bit more convenient. If anything, though, a true genius makes our lives more difficult, more unsettled. William Shakespeare‟s words provide more anxiety than relief, and the world felt a bit more secure before Charles Darwin came along. Zuckerberg and Jobs may have changed our world, but they haven‟t yet changedour worldview.We need to recover genius, and a good place to start is by putting the brakes on Genius Flooding.63. The key factor that sets geniuses and talents apart is that __________.A. geniuses have a larger range of knowledgeB. geniuses have access to far more resourcesC. geniuses can see visible targetsD. geniuses approach things differently64. The reasons why people naturally regard Steve Jobs & Mark Zuckerberg as geniuses include all the following EXCEPT that __________.A. their achievements bring people convenienceB. they have extraordinary intelligenceC. they are native to the country where digital technology is highly valuedD. they satisfy people‟s needs in the age of high technology65. What can we infer from the passage?A. We should stop the improper use of “natural” and “mindful”.B. The first recording of two black holes bumping each other is a genius breakthrough.C. Charles Darwin is hardly a genius.D. More geniuses remain to be found in our life.66. What is the best title for the passage?A. Get a new word, genius.B. Learn from a new model, genius.C. Join in a new group, genius.D. Make a new friend, genius.Section CDirections: Read the following passage. Fill in each blank with a proper sentence given in the box.If the sight of your fellow passengers relaxing in premium economy has you filled with envy, you‟re not alone. It seems like every airline is providing a few rows of seats that offer just that much more legroom and space. But is it worth the price? Here are five fictions about premium economy class.1. Premium economy is pretty much the same on every airline.“__________ (67)”, says Zach Honig, editor-in-chief of the The Points Guy. Benefits can include anywhere from 5 to 7 inches of extra legroom, a slightly wider seat and slightly more seat recline (向后倚靠). Other conveniences can include adjustable head rests, leg rests on some carriers, larger personal TV screens, power ports and a better level of food. But frankly, nothing is standardized.2. You get a meal and free drinks with a premium economy seat.Not on most domestic flights that offer a semblance (表象) of international service. __________(68). But when it comes to meals, you‟ll get a few more bags of free peanuts than they offer in coach and the opportunity to purchase pre-packed in-flight meals before economy-class passengers do.3. There are others benefits, like free Wi-Fi.You might find furrier pillows and larger blankets, but add-ons like in-flight Wi-Fi usually come along with an ad ditional charge. “__________ (69)”, says DiScala of Johnny Jet, who adds, “Some do, so always ask. I made the mistake of buying Wi-Fi on my SAS flight in June. I later learned that premium passengers get it for free.”4. You get a lot more space.A “lot more space” is very relative. Don‟t expect a huge seat, just one that‟s somewhat larger than those in economy on the same aircraft. Honig says that “You can expect to find roughly as much space as you‟ll get in the domestic first-class cabin on a U.S. airl ine, or in JetBlue‟s …EvenMore Space‟ section. It‟s definitely more than you‟ll have in coach.”5. __________ (70)“Just as with business class, it‟s worth checking the price of premium economy,” says Leff of . “The addition may not b e very high. Last weekend, I wrote about premium economy on Virgin Atlantic being cheaper than coach. But it may also be much more expensive. Airfares vary dramatically, and that‟s as true for premium economy as it is for coach.” IV. Summary WritingDirections: Read the following passage. Summarize the main idea and the main point(s) of the passage in no more than 60 words. Use your own words as far as possible.A Father’s Influence Makes for Better GradesAdolescents from low-income families in particular are more likely than their middle-class peers to underachieve and to drop out of school. Studies have shown that a positive attitude towards school work and the support and encouragement from their parents can help at-risk youngsters to overcome the economic barriers and lack of resources they face. Most of the evidence about the effects of parental involvement comes from research on mothers. Little is known, however, about how adolescents experience their fathers‟ warmth and the beliefs and behaviors that are most affected by it.This new study is part of a larger one focusing on low-income families conducted in four middle schools in the southwestern United States. Data were analyzed from questionnaires completed by 183 sixth-graders about how optimistic and motivated they were about their schoolwork, and how they experienced their fathers. The questionnaires were completed primarily by respondents of Mexican American, African American and European American descent. Their maths and language arts grades were also obtained.Their findings show how fathers can support their teenagers in ways that result in greater optimism, self-efficacy, and, ultimately, higher achievement at school.These positive effects extend to both sons and daughters, while in different ways. Experiencing their father‟s warmth first influences daughters‟ sense of optimism, and then spills over into their feeling more determined and certain about their academic abilities. This in turn leads to better math grades. There is a more dire ct link between their fathers‟ involvement and teenage boys‟ belief in their ability to succeed on the academic front. This heightened self-confidence increased their success in English language arts classes.Suizzo suggests that counselors and educators should encourage fathers to communicate warmth and acceptance to their children, because of the positive influence these emotions have on their well-being.。