19世纪中期俄国批判现实主义作家
列夫托尔斯泰作品好段摘抄
列夫托尔斯泰作品好段摘抄导语：列夫·尼古拉耶维奇·托尔斯泰（1828年9月9日－1910年11月20日）19世纪中期俄国批判现实主义作家、思想家，哲学家。
代表作有《战争与和平》、《安娜·卡列尼娜》、《复活》等。
人并不是因为美丽才可爱，而是因为可爱才美丽。
——托尔斯泰《安娜·卡列尼娜》我们都在等待，等待着别的人来拯救我们自己。
——列夫·托尔斯泰《安娜·卡列尼娜》幸福的家庭有同样的幸福，而不幸的家庭则各有各的不幸。
——托尔斯泰《安娜·卡列尼娜》人都是为希望而活，因为有了希望，人才有生活的勇气。
——列夫·托尔斯泰《安娜·卡列尼娜》风中之烛在风中摇曳，微弱的亮光照亮四周，最终在黑暗之中黯然消逝。
——列夫·托尔斯泰《安娜·卡列尼娜》水满则溢，说盈则亏”，这个世界从来只有更美，而没有最美。
而最靠近完美的一刻，就是最容易走向相反的时刻。
——列夫·托尔斯泰《安娜·卡列尼娜》幸福的家庭都是相似的；不幸的家庭各有各的不幸。
——列夫·托尔斯泰《安娜·卡列尼娜》幸福的人都是一样的，不幸的人各有各的不幸。
——列夫·托尔斯泰《安娜卡列尼娜》由此可知，上帝是一个禁欲主义者。
他不允许别人干他不喜欢的事，因此他又是一个独裁主义者。
——列夫·托尔斯泰《安娜·卡列尼娜》弗龙斯基是一个身体强壮的黑发男子，不十分高，生着一副和蔼、漂亮而又异常沉静和果决的面孔。
他的整个容貌和风姿，从他的剪短的黑发和新剃的下颚一直到他的宽舒的、崭新的军服，都是又朴素又雅致的……当他走近她的时候，他的美丽的眼睛放射出特别温柔的光辉，脸上微微露出幸福的、谦逊而又得意的微笑（列文这样觉得），小心而恭顺地向她鞠躬，把他的不大而宽的手伸给她。
——托尔斯泰《安娜·卡列尼娜》人生的一切变化，一切魅力，一切美都是由光明和阴影构成的。
屠格涅夫的主要作品有哪些
屠格涅夫的主要作品有哪些屠格涅夫是19世纪俄国批判现实主义作家、诗人和剧作家，被称为“现实主义艺术大师”。
以下是店铺精心整理的屠格涅夫的主要作品，希望能帮到你了解。
屠格涅夫的主要作品屠格涅夫的作品有很多，大部分都是描写俄国农奴悲惨生活的。
在屠格涅夫的作品中，能够十分清晰地看出屠格涅夫对于农奴们的深切同情以及对于农奴制的批判。
屠格涅夫的代表作品有：《前夜》、《猎人笔记》、《父与子》等等。
屠格涅夫的作品大部分都是长篇小说，同样也有一些诗歌以及剧作遗世。
屠格涅夫的长篇小说《前夜》是十分著名的，在世界上都有着十分高的知名度。
在小说《前夜》中，不仅仅是描绘了一场异常激烈的战争的场面，而且也书写了一段曲折哀婉的爱情故事。
小说中的主人公叶琳娜是一位有着崇高理想的人，为了自己的爱情，敢于向封建保守的父母抗争，而最后面对自己丈夫之死，也能够顽强地站起来继续前行着。
屠格涅夫的小说也是多种多样的，在不同的小说题材中，往往也有着不同的特色和内涵。
屠格涅夫经典的小说《父与子》，则是在另一个角度上面极大地反映出了两个政党之间的激烈较量，同时也是一场关乎陈旧与新生命运的抗争，可以说这部小说有着十分鲜明的矛盾争端，在很多的情节中都有体现。
屠格涅夫的作品一直都是人们眼中的瑰宝，既是源于其作品中的深刻思想内涵，也是由于屠格涅夫的作品中有着十分精湛的艺术表现手法。
与此同时，屠格涅夫也是一位较为高产的作家，并且在很多种题材上面都有着十分高的成就。
屠格涅夫的文学特点屠格涅夫，近代历史上享誉国际的文学家。
他的一生是短暂的，只有六十五年，他出生于1818年，死于1883年，中晚年的时候经历了著名的农奴制改革。
他的作品主要描写社会实情，批判和讽刺农奴制的弊端，代表作有长篇小说《木木》、《烟》和《处女地》等。
那么屠格涅夫的文学特点是什么呢?屠格涅夫的文学特点要在他作品的字句中寻找，他的作品非常多，涉及诗歌、小说、戏剧，但不论是哪种文学作品，无一不有他独具一格的特点。
俄国19世纪批判现实主义作家、诗人和剧作家伊凡·谢尔盖耶维奇·屠格涅夫
俄国19世纪批判现实主义作家、诗⼈和剧作家伊凡·谢尔盖耶维奇·屠格涅夫俄国19世纪批判现实主义作家、诗⼈和剧作家伊凡·谢尔盖耶维奇·屠格涅夫作家、诗⼈和剧作家伊凡·谢尔盖耶维奇·屠格涅夫（1818-1883）伊凡·谢尔盖耶维奇·屠格涅夫（俄⽂名：Иван·Сергеевич·Тургенев）（1818-1883），是19世纪俄国有世界声誉的“现实主义艺术⼤师”和“现实主义作家”。
俄国19世纪批判现实主义作家、诗⼈和剧作家，早期写诗（《帕拉莎》《地主》等）。
1847～1852年发表《猎⼈笔记》，揭露农奴主的残忍，农奴的悲惨⽣活，因此被放逐。
在监禁中写成中篇⼩说《⽊⽊》，对农奴制表⽰抗议。
以后⼜发表长篇⼩说《罗亭》（1856年）、《贵族之家》（1859年），中篇⼩说《阿霞》《多余⼈的⽇记》等，描写贵族地主出⾝的知识分⼦好发议论⽽缺少⽃争精神的性格。
在长篇⼩说《前夜》（1860年）中，塑造出保加利亚⾰命者英沙罗夫的形象。
后来发表长篇⼩说《⽗与⼦》，刻画贵族⾃由主义者同平民知识分⼦之间的思想冲突。
后期长篇⼩说《烟》（1867年）和《处⼥地》（1877年），否定贵族反动派和贵族⾃由主义者，批评不彻底的民粹派，但流露悲观情绪。
此外还写有剧本《村居⼀⽉》和散⽂诗《傻⽠》等。
他多以写作中篇和长篇⼩说为主要。
1818年11⽉9⽇屠格涅夫⽣于俄国奥廖尔省奥廖尔⼀个旧式富裕家庭，⽗亲是⼀个骑兵团团长。
1833年进莫斯科⼤学⽂学系，⼀年后转⼊彼得堡⼤学哲学系语⽂专业，毕业后到德国柏林⼤学攻读哲学、历史和希腊与拉丁⽂。
屠格涅夫进⼊莫斯科⼤学学习Su3673【1968.10.20】“俄国作家屠格涅夫诞⽣150周年”1全《屠格涅夫肖像》⼀年，随后转⼊圣彼得堡⼤学学习经典著作，俄国⽂学和哲学。
1838年前往柏林⼤学学习⿊格尔哲学。
列夫托尔斯泰哲理名言
列夫托尔斯泰哲理名言列夫·尼古拉耶维奇·托尔斯泰是19世纪中期俄国批判现实主义作家、思想家，哲学家。
整理了关于列夫托尔斯泰的哲理名言，欢迎阅读！1、只要人们没有发现生命的游戏是愚蠢的，他就会期待它，人们一旦能够认识它的愚蠢，便会自杀，这是我将要做的。
2、如同飞蛾扑向野火，注定这场爱情要将她毁灭。
3、人都是为希望而活，因为有了希望，人才有生活的勇气。
4、人类被赋予了一种工作，那就是精神的成长。
5、爱情的力量使她几度冲破世俗的藩篱，去寻求属于自己的幸福，但自私感和罪恶感立即来到她的身边，使她的内心充满了矛盾和痛楚。
6、幸福的人生是相似的，不幸的人生却各有各的不同。
7、没有钱是悲哀的事，但是金钱过剩则更加悲哀。
8、幸福存在于生活之中，而生活存在于劳动之中。
9、人生不是一种享乐，而是一桩十分沉重的工作。
10、他的谈吐总是平易近人的，这种单纯既掩饰了他对某些事物的无知，也表现了他的良好的风度和宽容。
11、那时候他认为精神上的人才是真正的我;现在则认为强壮而精力充沛、我才是他自己。
12、决心即力量，信心即成功。
13、如果一个姑娘想嫁富翁，那就不是爱情，财产是最无足轻重的东西，只有经得起别离的痛苦才是真正的爱情。
14、艺术不是技艺，它是艺术家体验了的感情的传达。
15、我深信，再也没有比人的外表对于人的发展会有这样惊人的影响。
16、不应是为了自己的需要，而应是为了真理而活着。
17、行善必须努力，然而，掏恶更须努力。
列夫托尔斯泰的名言18、幸福的人都是一样的，不幸的人各有各的不幸。
19、由此可知，上帝是一个禁欲主义者。
他不允许别人干他不喜欢的事，因此他又是一个独裁主义者。
20、他身上发生的这一系列可怕的变化，原因仅仅是他不再相信自己，转而去相信别人。
至于他不再相信自己，而去相信别人的原因，那是因为如果相信自己，生活就会变得过于困难：相信自己，意味着处理各种问题都不能考虑追求轻松快乐的ròu tǐ的自我，而且几乎总是同他作对;相信别人，意味着无需处理任何问题，所有的问题都已经得到解决，解决问题的原则总是不考虑精神的自我，而只考虑ròu tǐ的自我。
列夫托尔斯泰英文简介
列夫托尔斯泰英文简介列夫托尔斯泰，19世纪中期俄国批判现实主义作家、思想家，哲学家。
代表作有《战争与和平》、《安娜·卡列尼娜》、《复活》等。
下面是店铺给大家整理的列夫托尔斯泰英文简介，供大家参阅!列夫托尔斯简介Leo Nicholas YevićTolstoy (ЛевНиколаевичТолстой, September 9, 1828 - November 20, 1910) In the mid-19th century, Russia criticized realist writers, thinkers, philosophers. Representative works are "war and peace", "Anna Karenina", "resurrection" and so on.Tolstoy was born in the aristocratic family, in 1840 into the Kazan University, 1847 returned to his hometown in his territory for the reform of serfdom attempt. 1851 ~ 1854 in the Caucasian army in service and began writing. 1854 ~ 1855 to participate in the Crimean War. November 1515 to Petersburg into the literary world. In 1857 Tolstoy went abroad to see the contradictions of capitalist society, but could not find a way to destroy social evil, had to call people in accordance with the "eternal religious truth" life. 1860 ~ 1861, to study the European education, Tolstoy once again go abroad, meet Hertzen, listen to Dickens speech, meet Proudhon. 1863 ~ 1869 Tolstoy created a long historical novel "War and Peace". 1873 ~ 1877 he changed 12 times to complete its second landmark masterpiece "Anna Karenina". In the late 1970s, Tolstoy's world view changed dramatically and was written as "confession" (1879-1882). (1891), the novel "The Devil" (1911), "The Death of Ivan Ilyich" 1886), "The Klein Sonata" (1886), "The Dark Power" (1886), "The Fruit of Education" (1891), "Haze Murat" (1886 ~ 1904); short story "after the dance" (1903), especially the 1889 ~ 1899 creation of the novel "resurrection" is his long-termthinking, art exploration to sum up. T olstoy tried to live a simple civilian life in his later years, and ran from home in October 1910. He died at a small station on August 7 at the age of 82.列夫托尔斯人物经历Early experienceTolstoy origin aristocrat, 1 year old and half maternal, 10-year-old father died, he was raised by the relatives of the family. In 1845 admitted to Kazan University Oriental language department, studying in Turkey, Arabic, mid-term exam failed, the second year to the law department. He does not concentrate on his studies, but also has a strong interest in philosophy, especially philosophy of morality, loves Rousseau's doctrine and its man, and reads literature extensively. In April 1847 the school was set up for the children of the peasants. November in the name of the administrative office in the province of Tula, the following year in December was promoted to fourteen civilian. In 1851 Tolstoy and his brother went to the Caucasian soldier. In 1852 he participated in a battle, the performance of brave, and published the novel "childhood".In 1853 Tolstoy read Turgenev's "hunter notes", very admired. In 1854 Tolstoy was transferred to the Danube front, and participated in the Crimean war in the Sevastopol city siege war, written as "juvenile", "youth" and "Sevastopol story set."In November 1855 Tolstoy left the army back to St. Petersburg, re-enter the entertainment circle, alcoholism gambling. The extreme personality led him to a 17-year break with Turgenev.Early creationTolstoy began writing in the Caucasus, in the "modern" magazine on the "Sevastopol story" and other novels. InNovember 1855 he came to Petersburg and was welcomed by Turgenev and Niek Lausov and others, and met Gonzalov, Fett, Ostrovsky, Druidin, Kov, Bautenge and other writers and critics. Tolstoy tends to Drew Rinin and others, but that any art can not be divorced from social life. In 1859, he broke with the "modern" magazine. At the end of 1856, the lieutenant was retired. The following year to France, Switzerland, Italy and Germany travel.In 1856 he drafted the plan, ready to lease the landlord and other methods to liberate the farmers, and in their own manor trial. 1860 due to the death of the long brother Nicholas, more deep pessimism. Between 1859 and 1862, almost half of the school was created, and more than 20 schools were run for the peasant children in the suburbs of Aznaya Poliana and the nearby villages. They studied the educational system in Russia and Western Europe. In 1860-1861, they also went to Germany, France, Italy, the United Kingdom and Belgium and other countries to study schools. And then founded the "Yasneria Poliana" and other educational journals. When he went out in July 1862, he was searched by the gendarmerie for two consecutive days. Soon he closed the school.In 1862 Tolstoy married the 17-year-old Sofia Andreiyevna Tolstoya (СофьяАндреевна Толстая), and Sonia was the daughter of the Czar's physician, who had 13 children before and after. His relationship with his wife is still controversial, it can be confirmed that most of the time they live well, his wife to help him manage the manor, which makes Tolstoy can be used for the full time of literary works of carved, Here, Tolstoy left mankind for "war and peace", "Anna Karenina" and other handed down for. Each of his works has to be modified many times, and his wife has also carried out the work of transcribing and preserving themanuscript.After the wedding, the revolutionary situation gradually into a low tide, he gradually overcome the ideological crisis. He is divorced from social, living in the estate, the purchase of industry, living a frugal, quiet, harmonious and happy life. From 1863 he was written in six years as a masterpiece "war and peace". In 1866 he attended the military court to defend the soldier Sibinin. Hebron was slap in the face of an indecisive officer's abuse, and although it was run by Tolstoy, Hebron was finally shot. This incident made him begin to form a view against the court and the death penalty.Change of mindSeptember 1869 due to the way through the Arzanas, late at night in the hotel suddenly felt a never had sadness and terror. This is the so-called "Alzanas horror". In the autumn of 1868 to the summer of 1869, he was interested in Schopenhauer's philosophy and was affected. From the early 1970s, he began a new ideological crisis and a new period of exploration. He studied various philosophical and religious books and could not find the answer. These thoughts and emotions in the creation of the "Anna Karenina" in a clear reflection. He visits the priests, the bishops, the monks and the monks, and acquiesns the peasant, the independent believer, He finally denied the official church, accepted the patriarchal peasant faith.Finally, under the influence of the new revolutionary situation and the famine of the whole nation in the 1970s and 1980s, the class was rejected, and the transformation of the world outlook, which began in the 1960s, was completed and transferred to the position of the patriarchal peasants. In the "Confessions" (1879 ~ 1880) and other papers, he extensively expounded the process oftheir ideological transformation. However, he opposed the violent revolution, to promote Christian love and self-cultivation, from the religion, ethics to find a solution to social contradictions. Torres is rich in originality. From then on Tolstoy to abandon their own and the surrounding aristocratic life, from time to time to engage in physical labor, their own land, sewing shoes, farmers for the house, exclusion of luxury, vegetarian vegetarian. He also changed the view of literature and art, denounced his past works of art, including "war and peace" and other masterpiece as "master-style game", and the focus shifted to the thesis and political theory to directly promote their own society, philosophy, religion Point of view, exposing the sovereign bourgeois society of all kinds of evil. At that time writing the script, short stories and folk tales, the same for this purpose. He also engaged in a wide range of social activities: in 1881 the daughter of the family moved to Moscow, he visited the slums, to participate in the 1882 Moscow census, in-depth understanding of the city's lower life; in 1881 he went to Alexander III, asked to forgive the throne of Alexander II revolutionaries The 1891 wrote to the editorial office of the Russian News and the New Era, declaring that the copyright of the works he wrote after 1881 was abandoned; in 1891-1893 and 1898, the victims of the relief of Liangzan and Tula provinces were organized He also tried to uphold the murder of the Morocho and Duhobauers by the official churches, and in 1898 decided to revive the "resurrection" of all royalties to the Duhuo Bauer moved to Canada.From the mid-1990s onwards, Tolstoy has enhanced the critical attitude towards social reality, and has often been skeptical about his propaganda of fraternity and anti-evil thoughts. This is reflected in the works of "Haze - Murat". Thetsarist government had long attempted to imprison or exile with his "famine" article, but was deterred by his reputation and public opinion. At this point because of "resurrection" published, accused him against God, do not believe in the world, in 1901 to the Russian Orthodox Church in the name of the Holy Spirit to remove his teachings. This decision caused the protests of the world, Tolstoy was at ease. In the same year he wrote "to the tsar and his assistants" by the tsarist government crackdown on the student movement; the following year sent a letter to Nicolas II calling for the freedom of the people and the abolition of the private ownership of the land. In 1904, he was opposed to the Russo-Japanese War. He sympathized with the revolutionaries and welcomed the coming of the revolution, but did not understand and avoid the 1905 revolution. And after the failure of the revolution, he opposed the tsarist government to kill the revolution, write "I can not be silent" article.Old ageTolstoy in the world view after the transformation, in 1882 and 1884 years have never wanted to run away from home. This intention is reflected in his creation in the 1980s and 1990s. In the last few years of his life, he realized that the awakening of the peasantry, because of their distance from their emotions and can not help but pessimistic disappointment; on their own landlord manor lifestyle is not consistent with the belief and feel uneasy. The dispute between his believers, Tolstoyism and his wife, made him so deep.Before Tolstoy left home, his break with his wife was well known. One night, the couple had trouble. After that, Tolstoy's wife had knelt down and pleaded with Tolstoy for her to read the poems and essays she had created herself for her early years tofind the sweetness of herself, but Tolstoy was dead. Finally, he left secretly from Yasneria Poliana on October 28, 1910. In the way of suffering from pneumonia, November 7 (Gregorian calendar on November 20) died at the Astapalo station. In accordance with his last words, the body buried in the forest of Azayana Poliana. There is no tombstone and cross on the grave.列夫托尔斯创作特点Theme of the workTolstoy in the novel on the human nature of a lot of thinking, from these thinking can be seen in the real world of Tolstoy's spiritual world, Tolstoy's thinking of human nature by the Russian history and reality inspired by the time On the one hand, the traditional Russian is the patriarchal society, the Orthodox determines the way people thought and feelings, Tolstoy is also affected by the Orthodox, regardless of his attitude is accepted or retained; the other hand, the European The spirit of the Enlightenment also deeply influenced Russia, which largely shook the foundation of the Russian tradition, and the influence of the Enlightenment on Tolstoy was remarkable, which made Tolstoy suspicion of the basic doctrines of the Orthodox Church , He does not think about believing as a general believer. However, Tolstoy did not completely move towards the European individualistic enlightenment position, so his thinking about human nature is often free between the two, sometimes like a believer, sometimes like a humanist.Tolstoy's works have utopian ideas, mainly for the anti-Hangzhou violence and enslavement, against the land private system, against the advocacy of capitalist material and "evolution", requires the pursuit of legitimate life obligations and reasonable laws of life, return to health Of the farming life,through all the labor and moral practice to establish a brotherhood, equality, harmony, fraternity belongs to the whole human world "heaven".Artistic characteristicsTolstoy created epic novels. The fact of history combines the imagination of art, unrestrained brushwork and delicate description; in the huge group of images show a personal face, epic solemnly interspersed with lyrical monologue, change thousands of wonders. He is good at harnessing the structure of the multi-clue, a multitude of things, convergence seamless; but also break through the novel "closed" form, magnificent, like life without beginning or end.Tolstoy's artistic charm, not only to reproduce the macro world, but also to describe the microscopic world. In the world literature in an unprecedented grasp of the dialectical development of the mind, meticulous description of the psychological changes in the outside world under the influence of the process; and deep subconscious, it is expressed in the relationship between mutual understanding and harmony. Tolstoy's artistic power is real, it is manifested in character shaping. Truthfully depicting the multifacetedness, abundance and complexity of the inner heart, not only to write a prominent state or predominant state of mind. Not conceal the shortcomings of the characters, do not choke the eyes of the people exposed the flash of light. Not exaggerated, not exaggerated, not idealized or comic, always with the real objective of the description, to show its true colors, which in the ordinary see great, or on the contrary, in the ordinary phenomenon shows its terrible. Depict the development and change of character, natural muddy and not reveal the traces ofax.Tolstoy's style is characterized by simplicity. And strive to the most full and most true reflection of the real life or expression of their own ideas, therefore, although the art of demanding, but not simply to win the skills, not the pursuit of formal exquisite, do not avoid the lengthy compound sentence, The greatest expressive force.In his later years, in the psychological analysis to make concise, do not write the whole process of experience, only to write the psychological process of the various stages of the main link; sometimes take the play method, through action and dialogue to show. Do not write the order of the development process, and write a sudden change caused by a sudden accident. In the structure, in order to show the awakening of characters, often using flashback method; in order to focus, the novel is no longer with more clues, and gradually expand the way with a single clue. In the language, then strive to simple and concise and easy to understand, close to folk tales.。
列夫托尔斯泰的作品列夫托尔斯泰三大巨著
列夫托尔斯泰的作品列夫托尔斯泰三大巨著列夫·尼古拉耶维奇·托尔斯泰（Лев Николаевич Толстой，1828年9月9日－1910年11月20日）19世纪中期俄国批判现实主义作家、文学家、思想家，哲学家。
世袭伯爵，曾参加克里米亚战争。
下面是分享的列夫托尔斯泰三大巨著。
供大家参考！列夫托尔斯泰三大巨著列夫.托尔斯泰(1828-1910)，全名列夫.尼古拉耶维奇.托尔斯泰，十九世纪后半期俄国最伟大的作家，也是世界文学巨人之一。
托尔斯泰的世界观是充满矛盾的，他一方面对腐朽的沙皇专制制度充满憎恶和鄙视，以极大的勇气去谴责和揭露，另一方面又用唯心史观去解释历史和社会，企图通过道德和宗教的感化来调和阶级矛盾。
托尔斯泰的一生，是苦苦探求俄国出路的一生，代表作《战争与和平》、《安娜?卡列尼娜》、《复活》是托尔斯泰的三大巨著，深刻揭露了俄国错综复杂的社会矛盾和急剧变化的历史状况，无情地揭露了贵族社会争权夺利的内幕，强烈的戏剧冲突，产生了巨大的道义谴责力量，是俄国文学史上的不朽之作。
《战争与和平》《战争与和平》是俄国作家列夫·尼古拉耶维奇·托尔斯泰的代表作品。
文本以极其简洁的文字，卓越的、令人惊叹的心理分析，生动、鲜活地描绘了俄罗斯文学史上最令人激动的一组人物形象。
整部作品构思宏伟、气势奔腾，有力地展示出了俄罗斯历史上最壮丽的一页——1812年卫国战争，展示出了战争前后俄罗斯波澜壮阔的社会生活画卷。
作者将“战争”与“和平”的两种生活、两条线索交叉描写，构成一部百科全书式的壮阔史诗。
《安娜·卡列尼娜》《安娜·卡列尼娜》是俄国著名作家列夫·托尔斯泰的代表作品，在19世纪的世界文坛堪称首屈一指的优秀作品。
本书通过女主人公安娜的追求爱情悲剧，和列文在农村面临危机而进行的改革与探索这两条线索，描绘了俄国从莫斯科到外省乡村广阔而丰富多彩的图景，先后描写了150多个人物，是一部社会百科全书式的作品。
列夫 托尔斯泰
• 轮到他们走到米勒太太面前的时候，小列夫告诉 她他是谁，又和她提起了有关玻璃球的往事。米 勒太太拉着我的手来到棺材旁边，说："那三个离 开的年轻人就是当年我跟你说起过的三个男孩。 他们刚才告诉我自己是多么感激吉米和他们做的' 交换'。现在，因为吉米已经不能再改变主意不要 不喜欢的玻璃球了---他们就来'还债'了。" "我们从来没有发过财，"她接着说，"但现在，吉 米可以自豪地说他是这个社区里最富有的人。"然 后她轻轻抬起丈夫的右手。我吃惊地发现手里握 着三颗精致的闪着亮光的红色玻璃球！
• 晚年是托尔斯泰对现实社会关系地各种观 点起了极大地变化，他憎恶贵族，同情劳 动人民，而妻子和儿女们却竭力要他保持 贵族地特权。他与妻女地感情破裂了。 1910年10月28日，他带了很少地衣物离家 出走了 。（见优化）
表现了他憎恶贵族，同情劳动人民且十分执着。
不仅爱好写作，而且爱好运动！
•
一天，当列夫先生帮别人把土豆装到袋子里的时候，他注意到一个小男孩正贪婪地盯 着一篮新摘下来的豌豆。男孩身体瘦削，穿着打补丁但很干净的衣服。他付了土豆的 钱，但也被新鲜的豌豆吸引，因为他非常喜欢奶油豌豆加土豆的滋味。在那人考虑是 否买豆子时，听到了列夫先生和男孩的谈话。 "你好，列夫，今天过得怎么样？" "很好，米勒先生，谢谢。这些豌豆看起来真棒。" "确实很好，列夫，你妈妈好吗？" "还好，比过去精神多了。" "你不想带回点豆子吗？"
"不了，先生，我没有钱。"
"嗯，那你有什么东西做交换吗？" "只有一颗赢来的玻璃球。" "是吗？让我看看。" "给你，它很漂亮。" "嗯，只是我想要一颗红色的玻璃球，而不是蓝色的。你有红色的吗？" "好像没有……不过，下次很可能会赢一个。"
列夫托尔斯泰主要内容概括
列夫托尔斯泰主要内容概括
列夫·托尔斯泰是19世纪中期俄国批判现实主义作家、政治思想家、哲学家，代表作有《战争与和平》《安娜·卡列尼娜》《复活》等。
他的独特的外貌特征和深邃的精神世界被奥地利作家茨威格描绘得淋漓尽致。
在《列夫·托尔斯泰》这篇文章中，茨威格用他力透纸背而又妙趣横生的文笔为我们描绘出一幅世界级大文豪托尔斯泰的“肖像画”，揭示出托尔斯泰深邃而卓越的精神世界。
全文在结构上由两个部分组成。
第一部分（第1～5段）刻画托尔斯泰的外貌特征。
第1段主要写托尔斯泰的须发的特点；第2段描写托尔斯泰的面部轮廓、结构；第3段进一步刻画托尔斯泰的面部特征，重点描写其面容表情；第4段写托尔斯泰长相平平，是俄国普通大众的一员。
第二部分（第6～9段）描写托尔斯泰那非同寻常的眼睛。
在19世纪下半叶的俄国，阶级矛盾空前尖锐，人民生活困苦不堪。
许多进步作家被陷害、监禁或流放。
而列夫·托尔斯泰却用他犀利的笔锋解剖和批判了那个病态的社会。
总的来说，《列夫·托尔斯泰》这篇文章不仅为我们展现了这位伟大作家的形象，同时也反映了19世纪俄国社会的现实和矛盾。
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19世纪中期俄国批判现实主义作家、文学家、思想家，哲学家。
世袭伯爵，曾参加克里米亚战争。
返回雅斯纳·亚波利亚纳的农庄后致力于农民教育。
1862年结婚后，创作了俄罗斯文学史上的巨著《战争与和平》（1859～1869）、《安娜·卡列尼娜》（1875～1877）。
1879年经历了一次信仰危机后信奉和平主义，主张以勿抗恶的方式对社会进行改革。
并否定自己以前的作品。
因执着于自己的信念使家庭关系恶化，死于出奔途中。
其作品多达45卷。
名著还有长篇小说《复活》（1899）、戏剧《黑暗的势力》（1886）和若干短篇小说和评论[1]。
他的文学传统不仅通过高尔基而为苏联作家所批判地继承和发展，在世界文学中也有其巨大影响。
在文学创作和社会活动中，他提出了“托尔斯泰主义”，对很多政治运动有着深刻影响。
《穷人》是俄国著名作家列夫·托尔斯泰的作品。
当时，俄国劳动人民处于沙皇的黑暗统治之下，生活极度贫困，但是他们心地善良、情操高尚。
课文记叙了渔夫和她的妻子桑娜关心、同情邻居西蒙，在西蒙死后毅然收养了她的两个孩子的故事，反映了穷人纯朴善良的同情心和乐于助人的高尚品质。
作者通过桑娜一家的生活反映了那一时期穷苦人民的苦难生活和他们美好的心灵。
体现出在那样的困境中，桑娜一家崇高的心怀。