2011精英英语——非谓语动词
高中英语语法知识汇总:非谓语动词

高中英语语法知识汇总:非谓语动词非谓语动词就是在句子中不能单独作谓语的动词,这样的动词没有人称和数的变化。
它包括动词的不定式、V-ing和V-ed三种形式。
非谓语动词具有双重性质,它既有动词性质,又有非动词性质。
具有名词、形容词、副词的特征,因此在句中除了不能作谓语外,可以作主语、宾语、表语、宾语补足语和主语补足语、定语、状语。
非谓语动词不能作谓语,因此不能借助于助动词或情态动词否定,但是它可以借助于not或never来实现对他的否定。
非谓语动词不能作谓语,因此在语法上不能有主语,但由于它们表示的是动作,在意思上是可以有主语的,这个主语可称为逻辑主语(the Logical Subject)。
逻辑主语与非谓语动词之间的主谓关系是我们选用非谓语动词的主动式还是被动式的依据,如果逻辑主语是动作的执行者,选用主动形式;如果是动作的承受者,则选用被动形式。
一、动词不定式动词不定式(infinitive)是动词的一种非限定形式,即非谓语动词形式,它有两种形式:一种是“to + 动词原形”构成(to- infinitive);另一种是不带to 的不定式,即动词原形(bare- infinitive)。
所有行为动词都有不定式形式,其否定式是在不定式前加not。
动词不定式(或不定式短语)没有人称和数的变化,在句子中不能作谓语。
(一)动词不定式的时态和语态动词不定式有一般式、进行式、完成式、完成进行式四种时态变化形式,一般式和完成式有被动语态变化形式。
1、不定式的时态意义不定式的时态是以句中谓语动词的时间为依据的(1)一般式表示的动作或状态通常发生在谓语动词之后或同时发生。
They made plans to live in Paris. 他们计划住在巴黎。
(to live 发生在 made plans之后)(2)进行式表示其动作正在进行,与谓语动词发生的动作同时进行。
He pretended to be listening to me carefully. 他假装认真地听我讲。
非谓语动词讲解(超全超实用)

非谓语动词讲解非谓语动词: a.动词不定式 b. v-ing c. 过去分词概述:1.谓语动词:在句子中担任谓语的动词2.非谓语动词:是动词的特殊形式,在句中可以作除谓语外的所有成分非谓语动词使用条件一个句子当中,已经存在一个主句(谓语动词),又没有连词的情况下, 还有别的动词出现时。
She got off the bus, leaving her handbag on her seat.She got off the bus, but left her handbag on her seat.动词不定式一.动词不定式的时态和被动形式动词不定式是非谓语动词的一种,由不定式符号(to)加动词原形构成。
不定式的形式有五种:1.一般式to do I like to read English.2.进行式to be doing He seemed to be reading something at that time.3.完成式to have done He seemed to have cleaned the room.4.被动式to be done The work is to be done soon.5.完成被动式to have been doneThe boy is said to have been sent to hospital yesterday.疑问词+动词不定式What, who, which, where, when, how, why等疑问词构成不定式短语,这种短语在句子中可作主语、宾语和表语等成分。
二. 动词不定式的用法I.作主语(1)不定式做主语时,可以直接放在谓语动词之前。
To see is to believe.Not to get there in time is your fault.(2)注:常用it做形式主语,将to do位于之后,使句子保持平衡。
句型1:It + 谓语+(+sb.)+时间/金钱+ to doIt takes us an hour _to__ get there by bus.It costs you only $ 100 a month to cook at home.It seemed impossible to save money.句型2:I t’s + n. (+ for sb) + to doIt’s our duty _to_ help the poor.It is a great enjoyment _to_ spend our holiday in the countryside..It is a great honor for us to be present at your birthday party.句型3:It is + adj (+ for sb)to do sth(是形容事物的性质的)It is + adj (+ of sb)to do sth(是形容人的品质的)It is easy for me to finish this work before ten.It is very kind of you to give me some help.It's impolite of you to speak to the teacher like that.疑问词+不定式作主语When to start remains undecided.1.It is easy to get there by bus or taxi.2. It takes about 3 hours to see all the birds.3. It is also impolite to speak with your mouth full when you are eating.4. It’s our duty to take good care of the old.5. How long did it take you to finish the work?6. It is stupid of you to write down everything the teacher says.7. When to start has not been decided.8. It seemed selfish of him not to give them anything.9. It’s necessary for you to lock the car when you do not use it.10. It is useful for our health to do morning exercises.II.作宾语接不定式做宾语I want to know this matter.I don’t expect to meet you here(1)常见动词有:like, demand, expect, promise, begin, determine, refuse, fail, manage, learn, seem, forget, want, prepare, pretend, plan, wish等They want to get_( get ) on the bus, didn’t they?He said he wished __to be ( be ) a professor.(2)it作形式宾语I find/feel to work with him interesting .I find/feel it interesting to work with him.Subject+ find/think/feel/make/ consider… it+adj/n + to do sth.1.We thought _it__ better __to_ start early.2.Do you consider _it__ better not _to_ go?3. I feel _it_ my duty _to_ change all that.4.We think it __ important _ to _ obey the law.5.I know _ it _ impossible _ to _ finish so much homework in a day.(3)疑问词+不定式作宾语常常放在这些动词的后面作宾语:tell, advise, show, teach, find out, decide, discuss, learn, explain…He taught us how to use the tool.No one could tell me where to get the book.The dictionary didn’t tell the Frenchman how to pronounce the word.(4) 作介词but, except, besides的宾语。
【高考】英语非谓语动词讲解ppt课件

不定式(to do)
非
过去分词(-ed) -ed 分词
谓 分词
语
现在分词(-ing) - ing 分词
动名词(-ing)
非谓语动词的语法功能
名称
不定 式
动名 词
现在 分词
过去 分词
主语 √ √
语法 宾语 宾语补足语
√
√
√
√
√
功能 表语 √ √
语法功能 —作定语
不定式、动名词和分词都可以作定语,主要区别在于它们的时态意义和语态意义。
(1)不定式作定语与其他短语作定语一样,一般都放在被修饰的词之后,通常表示一 个将来的动作。不定式作定语时,不定式与被修饰词之间存在的关系复杂,有的是主 谓关系, 有的是动宾关系。 [主谓关系] (1) We must find a person to do the work. (2) There is no one to take care of her. (3) In my family, my mother is always the first one to get up. [动宾关系] 如果不定式与被修饰的词在逻辑上存在动宾关系,不定式里的动词是及物动词的,后 面不要再加宾语,因为前面的被修饰词是它的宾语;是不及物动词的,要加上适当的 介词或副词让它变成及物动词,只有这样,它才能带上前面的宾语。 (1) He has a lot of books to read. (2) I would like a magazine to look at. (3) Do you have anything else to say? (5) She has nothing to worry about.
高中英语语法讲解【非谓语动词】

高中英语语法讲解【非谓语动词】【专题要点】非谓语动词和独立主格结构主要用法如下:1.动名词和动词不定式作主语、宾语;2.只跟动名词作宾语的动词或动词短语;3.只跟动词不定式作宾语的常见动词;4.既可以跟动名词又可以跟动词不定式作宾语,且意义不同的动词或短语;5.不定式、现在分词、过去分词作宾语补足语的区别;6.不定式、现在分词、过去分词作定语时的区别;7.不定式、现在分词、过去分词作状语时的区别;8.动名词的复合结构在句中作状语;9.there be 结构的两种非谓语形式;10.独立主格结构在句中作状语;11.with复合结构在句中作状语或定语。
【教法指引】非谓语动词包括不定式、v-ing形式和过去分词,是高中英语学习的难点,也是高考考查的重点。
高中英语非谓语动词是一个重要考点,教师在引导学生复习备考中要注意重点突出、训练得当,尤其是对以下要点的复习:1.不定式、现在分词与过去分词的用法区别;2.非谓语动词的主动式与被动式;3.非谓语动词完成式的用法;4.非谓语动词用作伴随状语;5.非谓语动词用作目的状语;6.非谓语动词用作结果状语;7.非谓语动词用作宾语补足语;8.非谓语动词的逻辑主语问题;9.非谓语动词用作主语的问题;10.“(be+)过去分词+介词”结构;11.动名词的复合结构和there be结构的非谓语动词形式。
对于独立主格结构的复习,教师必须要讲清它的构成方式和在句子中的作用以及与with复合结构和分词之间的辨析的关系。
【知识网络】非谓语动词主要包括不定式、动名词和现在分词。
为了区分这三种不同的非谓语动词的用法和含义,我们将分别从三种非谓语动词在句子中做主语、宾语、宾语补足语、定语、状语、表语以及一些特殊结构句型等角度来区分其用法和细微含义。
1.不定式和动名词作主语的区别(1)动名词作主语通常表示抽象动作;而不定式作主语表示具体动作。
Smoking is prohibited(禁止)here.这里禁止抽烟。
非谓语动词用法精讲ppt

耍。)
02
状语
分词可以作为状语修饰整个句子,表示动作发生的方式、时间或条件。
例如:Walking in the park, she saw a beautiful butterfly.(她在公
园里散步时看到了一只美丽的蝴蝶。)
03
补足语
分词可以作为补足语补充说明句子的内容,通常放在句末。例如:I
found the missing keys in the drawer.(我在抽屉里找到了丢失的钥
不定式和动名词之间可以相互 转换,根据语境和表达的需要 选择合适的非谓语动词。
现在分词和过去分词之间也可 以相互转换,根据语境和表达 的需要选择合适的非谓语动词 。
在某些情况下,非谓语动词之 间可以相互替换,以使句子更 加简洁明了。
THANK YOU
动词不定式的功能
动词不定式可以作为句子中的主语、宾语或表语,表示将来时间的行为或状态。 动词不定式可以作为修饰语,修饰名词或代词,表示该名词或代词的性质或特征。
动词不定式可以作为状语,表示行为的方式、条件、目的或结果等。
03
动名词
动名词的定义
总结词
动名词是一种非谓语动词形式,表示动作或行为的名词化。
非谓语动词用法精讲
汇报人:可编辑 2023-12-23
• 非谓语动词概述 • 动词不定式 • 动名词 • 分词 • 非谓语动词的用法比较
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非谓语动词概述
非谓语动词的定义
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非谓语动词是指在句子中不作谓 语的动词,包括动词不定式、动 名词和分词(现在分词和过去分 词)等。
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非谓语动词不受主语的人称和数 的限制,可以表达复杂的概念和 情感,是英语语法中非常重要的 部分。
非谓语动词详细讲解课件(1)

miss 逃过
imagine 设想 cannot help 情不自禁
② 既可用动词-ing形式作宾语,也可用不定式作宾语 这类动词虽然既能用-ing形式作宾语,也能用不定式
作宾语,但用法并不相同,主要有以下几种情况:
☆有些动词,如attempt, continue, hate, intend, like, love, prefer等,后面接动词-ing形式或不定式区 别不是很大。
• 动名词相当于名词充当主语、表语、定语、 宾语。
• 分词相当于形容词、副词。作表语、定语、 宾语补足语、状语形成分
• 3.语态:必须搞清逻辑主 语与非谓语动词的关系,从 而来确定非谓语动词态的语 态。
A 动词-ing形式的一般式
1 动词-ing形式的一般式可用来泛指一个动作, 没有特别的时间意义。
避免说:I am starting learning Russian. 我开始学俄语。
☆有些动词或词组后可带动名词或不定式作宾语, 但意义上有所不同。
come to do★表示一个渐渐发展的过程 I hope we shall be friends and come to
understand one another.我希望我们会成为朋 友并互相了解
动词-ing形式既可作及物动词的宾语,也可作介 词的宾语。
1 能用动词-ing形式作宾语的及物动词可分两类, 一类是只能用动词-ing形式作宾语,另一类是既可 用动词-ing形式作宾语,也可用不定式作宾语。
①只能用-ing形式作宾语的动词(这类动词只能用ing形式作宾语,不能用不定式作宾语。)
Fancy meeting you here! 想不到在这儿见到你了!
• 11.The law forbids ______( sell )liquor to children.
非谓语动词知识点总结
非谓语动词知识点总结非谓语动词是英语语法中的一个重要知识点,它可以用来修饰主语或宾语,增强句子的表达力和信息量。
在本文中,我将详细介绍非谓语动词的用法和一些常见的形式。
希望通过本文的阅读,读者能够更好地理解和运用非谓语动词,提高自己的英语写作水平。
一、非谓语动词的定义和分类非谓语动词是指在句子中充当动词的成分,但不具备谓语的功能。
它不受主语的人称和数的限制,也不受时态的影响。
根据其形式和功能的不同,非谓语动词可以分为动名词、不定式和分词三种形式。
1. 动名词(Gerund)动名词是动词加上-ing形式构成的名词,常用作主语、宾语、表语、宾补等。
例如:- Smoking is harmful to health.(吸烟对健康有害)- I enjoy swimming in the sea.(我喜欢在海里游泳)- His hobby is playing basketball.(他的爱好是打篮球)2. 不定式(Infinitive)不定式是动词的原形加上to构成的形式,常用作动词、形容词或名词的补语。
例如:- He wants to buy a new car.(他想买一辆新车)- I have a lot of work to do.(我有很多工作要做)- The book is too heavy to carry.(这本书太重,无法携带)3. 分词(Participle)分词是动词的-ing形式(现在分词)或-ed、-en等形式(过去分词)构成的形容词,常用作定语、状语或补语。
例如:- The running water is very clear.(流动的水非常清澈)- The broken vase has been repaired.(打破的花瓶已经修好了)- We were surprised by the exciting news.(令人兴奋的消息让我们感到惊讶)二、非谓语动词的用法非谓语动词在句子中具有独立的语法功能,可以用来修饰名词、代词、动词、形容词和副词等,以及构成复合句的各种从句。
英语-非谓语动词-用法-讲解-知识点总结-完整版-最全-归纳-专项精选全文完整版
精选全文完整版非谓语动词定义不做句子的谓语,而是充当其他语法功能的动词叫做非谓语动词。
分为三种:不定式(Infinitive),分词(Participles),动名词(Gerund)。
一、非谓语动词和谓语动词的区别谓语动词的作用明确而单一,非谓语动词的作用丰富:1.非谓语动词作名词词性(不定式和动名词)Your duty is to look after the children. 你的工作是照看好孩子。
Complaining is no use. 抱怨是没有用的。
2. 非谓语动词做形容词词性(分词、不定式和动名词)The vase is broken. 那个花瓶破了。
He is a nice person to work with. 他是一个很好共事的人。
We found the story amusing. 我们发现这个故事很有意思。
3. 非谓语动词做副词词性(不定式和分词)They are working hard to win still greater victory. 他们在努力工作争取更大的胜利。
The sick man came in, supported by two nurses.二、非谓语动词的用法A 不定式(to do)在非谓语动词中,不定式的用法最广泛。
它在句中可作主语、宾语、表语、定语、状语和主语补足语或宾语补足语。
也就是说,不定式可以充当除谓语以外的所有成分。
1. 做主语To say something is one thing, to do it is another. 说是一码事,干是另一码事。
* 注:形式主语it,当不定式做主语时,特别是当主语较长而谓语较短时,常用“it”作形式主语,而把真正的主语放在谓语的后面。
此种用法在日常英语中尤为常见。
It is not fair to blame them for the accident. 把这次事故归咎于他们是不公平的。
高中英语非谓语动词用法详解和练习含详解
非谓语动词非谓语动词(一)——动词不定式动词不定式、分词(此刻分词,过去分词)和动名词统称为非谓语动词。
现代英语将此刻分词和动名词合为一大类叫作 v + ing 形式。
这些动词的形式不可以在句中独自作谓语用,因此没有语法主语。
但能够有逻辑主语。
因为没有语法主语,也就不受人称和数的限制,因为不是谓语,也就没有时态和语态,但这些词还能表示动作和状态,所以仍有表示与其余动词相对时间关系的形式。
因为与其余词有逻辑上的主谓关系,所以也有表示主、被动的形式,同时也有自己的宾语和状语,一同组成非谓语动词的短语(动词不定式短语,分词短语,动名词短语)。
动词不定式、过去分词及 v-ing 形式在句中均不可以作谓语用,所以叫做非谓语动词。
(一)动词不定式:动词不定式由“to+动词原形”组成,如: to study, to play ,动词不定式固然不可以作谓语动词用,但仍留着动词的特点,它能够带有所需要的宾语或状语而组成动词不定式短语,如:to study hard,to play table tennis 。
1、动词不定式的形式变化:动词不定式有以下时态和语态的形式变化。
不定式一般式达成式进行式达成进行式主动to build to have built to be building to have been building被动to be build to have been build2、动词不定式的基本用法:动词不定式能起名词、形容词和副词的作用,可在句中作主语、表语、宾语补足语、定语和状语用,如:(1)作主语: To help each other is good. (动词不定式作主语时,一般可用 it 作形式主语,而将作主语的动词不定式置于句末,如: It is good to help each other.(2)作表语: My job is to drive them to the power station every day.动词不定式在系动词be以后作表语,与表示未来时的 be +动词不定式构造有所差别,如: Our plan is to set up another middle school for the peasantschildren. 我们的计划是给农民子弟再建立一所中学。
(完整word版)非谓语动词讲解
非谓语动词【知识要点】定义:在英语中,不作句子谓语,而具有除谓语外其他语法功能的动词,叫做非谓语动词。
分类:非谓语动词有动词不定式(the Infinitive);动名词(the Gerund);现在分词(the Present Participle);过去分词(the Past Participle)。
无论它们在句中作什么成分,他们都保持着自己本身的属性特点。
动词不定式:表将来、具体某一次,常在句中可以作: 主语,宾语,定语,状语,补语,表语;动名词:具有名词功能,常在句中可以作:主语,宾语,表语;作定语时表功能;现在分词:表主动和正在进行, 常在句中可以作: 定语,状语,表语,宾补;过去分词:表被动和已完成,常在句中可以作: 定语,状语,补语。
一、动词不定式不定式由“to+动词原形”构成,其否定形式是“not to+动词原形”。
不定式可以带宾语或状语构成不定式短语,没有人称和数的变化,但有时态和语态的变化。
不定式可作主语、宾语、状语、表语、定语和补语,但不能单独作谓语。
2. 不定式的句法功能1)作主语:To finish the work in ten minutes is very hard.在十分钟内完成这项工作很难。
动词不定式短语作主语时,常用it作形式主语,例如上面一句可用如下形式:It is very hard to finish the work in ten minutes.2)作表语:Her job is to clean the hall.她的工作就是打扫大厅。
3)作宾语:V.+ to do sth.常与不定式作宾语连用的动词有:want, hope, wish, offer, fail, plan, learn, pretend, refuse, manage, help, agree, promise, prefer,afford,ask,decide,expect,intend,等。
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非谓语动词一、谓语动词与非谓语动词谓语动词→在句子中作谓语的动词。
如:1. Young people often hike and they enjoy hiking very much.2. Rose, who is an attractive girl, works in a factory and now she is working a new machine.非谓语动词→在句子里不能做谓语的动词。
二、非谓语动词是什么样子呢?它以三种形式出现:1. to do2. -ving3. –ved三、非谓语动词是动词吗?能充当其他成分吗?1.是动词→所以有时态、语态的区别如:1> He tried to work out the problem.2> I am sorry to have kept you waiting.3> The tower being repaired was put up in theTang Dynasty.四、n,adj,adv→n(主、表、宾)、adj(定)、adv(状)To see is to believe.Saying is easier than doing.He loathed getting up early in the morning.He is a promising young man.Seeing a car coming, they stepped aside.考点透析to-do(do)1.作主语或表语To hesitate means failure.To think of you makes me old.To know oneself is difficult.To err is human.To talk to her is to talk to a wall.To love is to be loved.To see her is to love her.To live is to do sth worthwhile.Peter was to perish in a car crash and to leave a wife and 6 children.真正主语to-do被置于句末,用It放在句首充当形式主语。
To spend your vacation at the seaside is quite pleasure.It requires patience to be a good nurse.It takes Susan 2 hours to dress herself up each day.It was thoughtful __ her to come to see me when I was ill.It was nasty __ Jim to behave like that.It is important __ us to understand the point.It is foolish ___ her to buy the picture.N→a pity, a pleasure, one’s duty, an honor, a shame, a crime, etc.It is a pity to go without her.It is a glorious death to die for the people.-ving 作真正的主语,it 为形式主语.结构为:It is + n/adj + doing sthN→no good, no use, no point, no sense, no harm, a waste of time etc.It is no use crying over spilt milk.It is no good objecting.It is good playing Chinese chess after supper.To-do 与–ving(n)作主语和表语时的区别Sending an e-mail is quite common today. ()To send an e-mail is my task this afternoon. ()My job is teaching English. ()My today’s job is to teach you how to learn English well. () (安徽省09’真题5)___ China Today is a good way of improving our English. A.Having read B.Have read C.Reading D.Read2.作宾语常用to-do作宾语的词有afford,attempt, continue, dare, decide, decline, endeavor, hesitate, hope, intend, prepare, pretend, tend, venture, want, volunteer 等。
I can’t afford to live in a detached house.Peter failed to pass the final exam.用it作形式宾语,真正宾语to-do常用该结构的动词有:find, feel, believe, make, consider 等.I found it interesting to play snooker.Do you consider it better not to go?There is no choice but to wait and see.He did nothing but play PC games every day.考点三:英语中,有的动词或词组后面必须+doing形式,不能接to-do. 如: avoid, admit, advocate, enjoy, feel like, escape, risk, have difficulty/trouble/problem (in) doing,can’t help doing sth等The girl avoid giving her any personal info.Do you feel like going to the movie?We had difficulty in carrying out the plan.(安徽省09’专升本第三题)I had considerable difficulty ________ her to go out for a drink with me.A.to persuade B.to have persuaded C.persuade D.persuadingto 是不定式?还是介词?be/get used/accustomed to doing, be opposed to, devote oneself to, get down to, look forward to, object to, stick to, take to等.I am looking forward to seeing you again.My uncle took to smoking years ago.3. 作宾补结构为:v + sb + to do 常见的动词有: advise, ask, compel, direct, enable, expect, force, tell, want, urge, persuade等。
Tell the kids not to play on the street.He likes his wife to dress well.感官动词+ sb + do/doingWe must have someone repair the computer.She smell sth burning and saw smoke rising.If she catches me reading her diary, she’ll be furious.I saw him swim in the river yesterday.I saw him swimming in the river yesterday.4.作定语to-do作定语需要后置。
如:sth to eat water to drinkThere is no need to wake him up.Did you have a proper reason to say so?She was the only person to get a scholarship.to-do和它前面的修饰词是动宾关系,不定式是vi, 或是工作对象、工具等,这时不定式后需要相应的介词。
如:He is looking for a room to live __.Please give me a knife to cut __ .She bought a bookshelf to put her books __. He has a kid to take care__.She can find no one to make friends __.He lent me a book to kill time __.5. 作状语(1) 表目的. 如:We eat to live.To save the child, he laid down his life.Hurry up so as not to be late for the class.--- Why was the official meeting called?--- ___ new officers.A. SelectB. SelectingC. To selectD. For selecting(2) 表结果(learn, find,see, hear etc.)He survived the crash only to die in the desert.He studied hard only to fail.They parted never to see each other.-ving(adj) / -ved (★★★★★)一.区别;过去分词表被动。
;过去分词表完成。
a touching / moving storya touched / moved audiencethe rising sun a charming girlthe risen sun a charmed girlthe changing world developing countries the changed world developed countries二.功能1. 作表语The music is pleasing to the ear.He became discouraged.He got promoted.The news was disappointing.2.作宾补She smelt sth burn.He’s happy to see her old mother take good care of at home.I want this watch repair at once.3.作定语(1) 单个分词作定语前置。