高考英语专题复习《阅读理解专题——猜测词义》PPT课件
Can you guess the right meanings?
superman (超人) nonnatural (非自然的) homeless (无家可归的) rebuild (重建) microwave (微波) mispronounce (发错音) nonsmoker (非烟民) eastwards (向东)
对考纲外生词的猜测
Many United Nations employees are polyglots: Mr. Jim, for example, speaks five languages fluently. “polyglot” most probably means 通晓数种语言的人 “_______________.”
解析高考真题
Lions are opportunists. They prefer to eat without having to do too much work. … If another animal has made a kill, they will drive it off and take the kill for themselves. By describing lions as “opportunist” in the paragraph, the author means to say that lions____. A. are cruel animals B. are clever animals C. C like to take advantage of other animals D. like to take every chance to eat
小
结
根据自身的直接或间接的经验，或运用自 己已有的常识将生词推测出来。 因此平时 多了解英美国家的风俗习惯，宗教信仰， 社会生活等，可以帮助加深对文章的理解， 遇到生词，猜测词义的能力自然就提高了。
6. 根据生词所在的上下文猜测词义
例题： Tom can’t find his sneakers. A. money B. bowls C. shoes Tom can’t find his white sneakers． Tom can’t play tennis now because he can’t find his white sneakers.
2.同义词 圆胖的
灌溉
一致同意的
◎ Mother was tall, fat and middle-aged. My aunt was an old woman, almost as plump as mother, and much shorter.
◎ In some countries where there is very little rain, the farmers have to irrigate, or water, their fields.
A) pleasures
C) dangers
B) conveniences
D) equipment
5. Children are always boasting. They say things like “My Dad’s car is bigger than your Dad’s,” “My Mom is smarter than yours.” and “My family has more money than yours.” The word “boasting” means _____.
◎ On the farm they mainly raise poultry, such as chickens, ducks and geese, for their eggs and meat.
小
结
常用such as, like， for example, for instance等引出例 子，可根据例子隶属的类别归纳 出总称词即词义 。
高三复习之阅读理解 专项
Class 5 Senior 3
If you come across new
words when reading,
What will you do
?
•Look them up in the dictionary
•Ignore them and continue reading
1. He is a resolute man. Once he made up his mind to do something, he won’t give it up halfway. A. weak B. firm C. kind D. clever
小试身手
2. Mrs. Smith is loquacious while her husband is the silent type. A. 活泼的 B. 好动的 C. 多嘴多舌的 D. 可爱的
•Guess the meaning
---------高三英语阅读指导
猜测词义 读懂文章
猜测词义： 单词的猜测能力是阅读理解
能力的主要组成部分，历年高考都把这一 项作为考生应该掌握的一项阅读技能列入 试题，考查对文中关键词语（实词、短语、 指代关系等）的理解。而且，所考查的词 或短语的意义往往不停留在字面上。但事 实上，阅读材料中的每个词与它前后的词 语或句子甚至段落有着互相制约的关系。 我们可以利用语境（各种已知信息）推测、 判断某些生词的词义。
1. The word “…” refers to / probably means / could best be replaced by ___. 2.The word “…” is most likely to mean ______. 3. What do you think the expression “…” stands for? 4. The underlined word “…” means __. 5. The word “…” is closest in meaning to …
小
结
所谓“词不离句，句不离章“讲的就是对 于词语或句子的正确理解依赖于一定的情 景。所以在猜测生词词义或句意时， 一 定要认真读懂与生词密切相关的前后句子， 对词或句子进行合情合理的推测，排除肤 浅的表义，选择蕴含在其中的深意。
Inquiry-based Activities (I)
探究活动 (1)
A. 骄傲 B. 吹牛 C. 顽皮 D. 幼稚
Passage 2
I had always traveled to Malaysia by plane or car, so this was the first time I was on a train. I did not particularly relish the long train journey and had brought along a dozen magazines to read and reread. I looked about the train. There was not one familiar face. I sighed and sat down to read my Economics.
对考纲内熟词新义的猜测
I had first known she was wrong, that her anxiety had clouded her judgment. (04全国卷) “cloud” means “_____________________.” 使模糊，混淆，搅浑
词义猜测题常用的提问方式有：
小
结
由and或or， like ,as …as, the same as等连接的两个词构成同义 关系； 表转折关系的词常有如but, while, however, instead of , rather than , unlike, yet, otherwise, though ，in contrast, on the contrary等。
语境法 Context clues
构词法 Word 猜测词意 formation
中学英语中常见的前缀和后缀有：
Word Formation 构词法：
)
super- ( 超) mini- ( 极小的, 微小的 极微小的 micro-（ ） re- （ 再，反复 ） mis-（误，恶） im-（不 ） un-（ 不，非 ） in-（ 不，非 ） non-（ 不，非） -able（ 能…的 ） -less（ 不，无 ） -wards ( 向 )
语 境 猜 测 词 义
1. 定义描述
2. 同义反义
3. 因果关系
4. 举例归纳
5. 生活常识
6. 上下文推测
1、定义描述e is a zoologist, an expert who does research on animals. ◎The herdsman, who looks after sheep, earns about 650 yuan a year. 小结：通常由定语从句或同位语引出词的具 体含义
3. In many countries there are two financial extremes, from penury to great wealth. A. 便士 B. 温饱 C. 非常贫困 D. 虚弱
4. Although the hazards of the trip were many -- for example, the unbearable heat, the lack of water, the possibility of getting lost, the presence of wild animals and poisonous snakes ---- Collins nevertheless decided that she must go.
合集下载
高考英语阅读词义猜测 PPT
Unlike the United States where many different nationalities make up the population, Japan’s population is quite homogeneous、
a.(of the same nationalities)
imbalance ____ overestimate ____ irregular ____ pain-killer ____ approval ____
不平衡 n、 高估 vt、 不规律得 adj、 止痛片 n、 批准,同意 n、
<3>、转 化 法 Conversion
把一种词性用作另一种词性而词形不变得方法叫 做转化法。
2、The underlined word… in Para… can best be replaced by ___、
Which of the following can replace the underlined word…in Para…?
Which of the following words is closest in meaning to the underlined word in Para…?
Tom is considered an autocratic administrator because he makes decisions without seeking the opinions of others、
a、 独断专行得
(2016课标全国卷ⅢC篇)
…There are also varieties developed to suit specific
insulting to your host to spread salt on your food, which means that you find the meal terrible、 …
a.(of the same nationalities)
imbalance ____ overestimate ____ irregular ____ pain-killer ____ approval ____
不平衡 n、 高估 vt、 不规律得 adj、 止痛片 n、 批准,同意 n、
<3>、转 化 法 Conversion
把一种词性用作另一种词性而词形不变得方法叫 做转化法。
2、The underlined word… in Para… can best be replaced by ___、
Which of the following can replace the underlined word…in Para…?
Which of the following words is closest in meaning to the underlined word in Para…?
Tom is considered an autocratic administrator because he makes decisions without seeking the opinions of others、
a、 独断专行得
(2016课标全国卷ⅢC篇)
…There are also varieties developed to suit specific
insulting to your host to spread salt on your food, which means that you find the meal terrible、 …
高三英语复习：阅读理解之词义猜测题型解题技巧课件
A. weak B. firm C. kind D. clever
3. Mr. Brown is now working at Princeton University far away from home. For this reason he has to rent a
room near the office where he works.
5. Example 例举法：利用文中的举例提示 词。常见的举例的提示词有for instance, for example, such as等 。
Today young couples often spend lots of
their money on appliances, for instance,
5. The old woman has a strange habit to
keep over 100 cats in her house. Her
neighbor all call her an eccentric lady.
A. 爱猫的动物保护主义者
6. In many countries there are two financial
寻定义
找关系
三
读例子
锁两句
字
同近反
经
文逻辑
构词法
断词义
1. Definition 定义法： 一般通过定义 解释 概念、 定语（从句）或同位语（从句）来确定词义。
It will be very hard but very brittle — that is , it will break easily.
extremes, from penury to great wealth.
3. Mr. Brown is now working at Princeton University far away from home. For this reason he has to rent a
room near the office where he works.
5. Example 例举法：利用文中的举例提示 词。常见的举例的提示词有for instance, for example, such as等 。
Today young couples often spend lots of
their money on appliances, for instance,
5. The old woman has a strange habit to
keep over 100 cats in her house. Her
neighbor all call her an eccentric lady.
A. 爱猫的动物保护主义者
6. In many countries there are two financial
寻定义
找关系
三
读例子
锁两句
字
同近反
经
文逻辑
构词法
断词义
1. Definition 定义法： 一般通过定义 解释 概念、 定语（从句）或同位语（从句）来确定词义。
It will be very hard but very brittle — that is , it will break easily.
extremes, from penury to great wealth.
2023届高考英语二轮复习：关于阅读理解中的“猜测词义”题型 课件(共19张PPT)
说题
关于阅读理解中的“猜测词义”题型
Contents
PART 01
说题意
PART 02
说学情
PART 03
说方法
PART 04
说延伸
PART 05
说反思
PART 01 说题意
输说入题相意关的标题
该题型考察学生读懂书、报、杂志中关 于一般话题的简短文章以及公告、说明、广 告等，并能从中获取相关信息，根据上下文 推断生词的词义的能力。
所考单词的意义通常超出大纲范围—— 超纲词意含义推断、熟词生义或是在特定语 境中的意思。
输说入题相意关的标题
2012课 标·全国Ι
2
考查猜测词义的题量在近五年中相对稳定， 属于常考题目，是对学生多方面综合能力的检测， 而且近年来有难度增大的趋势，不仅要求学生在 复杂句式中通过上下文综合分析才能得出答案， 而且试题中还增加了对短语及句意的猜测。
What does the underlined word “Sedate” probably mean? B or D?
A. Wild the romantic
B. Slow and peaceful
C. Hungry and thirsty
D. Active and excited
PART 03 说方法
PART 02 说学情
输说入学相情关的标题
这是一篇说明文，介绍了在非洲骑着马近距离观赏野生动物的奇妙之处。
In the evening, rides are usually at a more relaxed and unhurried pace, with golden light streaming across the grassy delta and the animals coming out to eat and drink. Sedate though they are, rides at this time of day are still very impressive. As the sun's rays pass through the dust kicked up by the horses, the romance of Africa comes to life.
关于阅读理解中的“猜测词义”题型
Contents
PART 01
说题意
PART 02
说学情
PART 03
说方法
PART 04
说延伸
PART 05
说反思
PART 01 说题意
输说入题相意关的标题
该题型考察学生读懂书、报、杂志中关 于一般话题的简短文章以及公告、说明、广 告等，并能从中获取相关信息，根据上下文 推断生词的词义的能力。
所考单词的意义通常超出大纲范围—— 超纲词意含义推断、熟词生义或是在特定语 境中的意思。
输说入题相意关的标题
2012课 标·全国Ι
2
考查猜测词义的题量在近五年中相对稳定， 属于常考题目，是对学生多方面综合能力的检测， 而且近年来有难度增大的趋势，不仅要求学生在 复杂句式中通过上下文综合分析才能得出答案， 而且试题中还增加了对短语及句意的猜测。
What does the underlined word “Sedate” probably mean? B or D?
A. Wild the romantic
B. Slow and peaceful
C. Hungry and thirsty
D. Active and excited
PART 03 说方法
PART 02 说学情
输说入学相情关的标题
这是一篇说明文，介绍了在非洲骑着马近距离观赏野生动物的奇妙之处。
In the evening, rides are usually at a more relaxed and unhurried pace, with golden light streaming across the grassy delta and the animals coming out to eat and drink. Sedate though they are, rides at this time of day are still very impressive. As the sun's rays pass through the dust kicked up by the horses, the romance of Africa comes to life.
高考英语专题复习《阅读理解专题——猜测词义》PPT课件
very little rain, the farmers have to irrigate, or water, their fields.
◎All the other members are of the
same opinion. They are unanimous.
反义词 污秽的
天生的
混乱
小
结
定义或释义关系常由定语从句或 be called，be known as, be defined as ， 等词汇或破折号来表示 ； 或由is, 或由 that is (to say), in other words， ， to put it another way引出 一些具体的解释性的短语放在生词后 做它的同位语，用逗号隔开， 做它的同位语，用逗号隔开，构成同 位关系。 位关系。
词义猜测题常用的提问方式有： 词义猜测题常用的提问方式有：
1. The word “…” refers to / probably means / could best be replaced by ___. 2.The word “…” is most likely to mean ______. 3. What do you think the expression “…” stands for? 4. The underlined word “…” means __. 5. The word “…” is closest in meaning to …
语 境 猜 测 词 义
1. 定义描述 2. 同义反义 3. 因果关系 4. 举例归纳 5. 生活常识 6. 上下文推测
1、定义描述 动物学家 、
牧羊人
语义学
zoologist, ◎His uncle is a zoologist an expert who does research on animals. herdsman, ◎The herdsman who looks after sheep, earns about 650 yuan a year. ◎ Semantics, the study of the meaning of words, is necessary if you are to speak and read intelligently.
高三英语总复习(网课学习)课件：高考阅读理解专项--猜测词义(共35张PPT)
◎His uncle is a zoologist, an expert who does research on animals.
◎The herdsman, who looks after sheep, earns about 650 yuan a year.
2020/7/13
12
语
境
法
1. 定义描述
2020/7/13
6
Approach introduction 方法介绍
• 方法一： Using word formation
（构词法）
2020/7/13
7
根据构词法：合成、派生（前缀、后缀）、转化等
1. With their shining brown eyes, wagging tails, and unconditional love, dogs can provide the nonjudgmental listeners needed for a beginning reader to gain confidence. (2003NMET)
2020/7/13
5
Question Form
1.The word “…” refers to/ means/could best be replaced by _________.
2.The underlined word/sentence means _________.
3.Find in the passage a word closest in meaning to the underlined word “…”.
2020/7/13
15
污秽的
Though Tom’s face has been washed quite clean, his neck still remains grubby.
◎The herdsman, who looks after sheep, earns about 650 yuan a year.
2020/7/13
12
语
境
法
1. 定义描述
2020/7/13
6
Approach introduction 方法介绍
• 方法一： Using word formation
（构词法）
2020/7/13
7
根据构词法：合成、派生（前缀、后缀）、转化等
1. With their shining brown eyes, wagging tails, and unconditional love, dogs can provide the nonjudgmental listeners needed for a beginning reader to gain confidence. (2003NMET)
2020/7/13
5
Question Form
1.The word “…” refers to/ means/could best be replaced by _________.
2.The underlined word/sentence means _________.
3.Find in the passage a word closest in meaning to the underlined word “…”.
2020/7/13
15
污秽的
Though Tom’s face has been washed quite clean, his neck still remains grubby.
【最新】高三高考英语复习_阅读猜测词义(PPT课件)
•A. baby rats B. animals
•C. old rats
D. grown-up rats
2022/3/23
•My mind was in a million different places. Thanks t o the strict training , Bell is now no longer nervous and a lot more confident. •A. she was absent-minded •B. she was nervous •C. she was excited •D. she was curious
2022/3/23
猜 测 词 义
2022/3/23
1. Definition 定义法 2. Contrast 对比法 3. Similarity 相似法 4. Cause and effect 因果法 5. Example 例举法 6. Word Formation 构词法 7. Context 上下文 8. Common Sense 普通常识
2022/3/23
If you come across
the new words when reading,
? What will you do
2022/3/23
How to guess the meaning of words?
生活 常识
上下文
对比 转折
定义
构词法
猜
同义词 反义词
因果 关系
同位 关系
1.Cleaning up waterways is an gigantic task .The job is so large, in fact, that the government may not be able to save some of the rivers and lakes which have been polluted.
阅读理解猜词义PPT课件
“修剪”
1．以因果关系为线索 cause and effect
第10页/共42页
解题技巧二： 以因果关系为线索猜测词义
cause and effect
第11页/共42页
Challenge yourself ! 1）Tom is considered an indefatigable leader because he always works day and night and never feels tired.
第22页/共42页
Skill 5
1.You can take any of the periodicals: Reader, English Salon ,Teaching in Schools, or English Learning.
“期刊” 以列举的事例examples为线索
第23页/共42页
解题技巧五：
根据 列举的事例来猜测词义
第24页/共42页
2.）Epochal events such as （wars and great scientific discoveries） often take place in this area.重大的，有历史意义的
第25页/共42页
Skill 6
adj. 不知疲倦的
第12页/共42页
Challenge yourself !
2.That museum is so immense that it will be impossible to see all the exhibits in one day.
adj. 大的
第13页/共42页
Skill 3 1. Bill ranked second in the semifinal of 1,500
1．以因果关系为线索 cause and effect
第10页/共42页
解题技巧二： 以因果关系为线索猜测词义
cause and effect
第11页/共42页
Challenge yourself ! 1）Tom is considered an indefatigable leader because he always works day and night and never feels tired.
第22页/共42页
Skill 5
1.You can take any of the periodicals: Reader, English Salon ,Teaching in Schools, or English Learning.
“期刊” 以列举的事例examples为线索
第23页/共42页
解题技巧五：
根据 列举的事例来猜测词义
第24页/共42页
2.）Epochal events such as （wars and great scientific discoveries） often take place in this area.重大的，有历史意义的
第25页/共42页
Skill 6
adj. 不知疲倦的
第12页/共42页
Challenge yourself !
2.That museum is so immense that it will be impossible to see all the exhibits in one day.
adj. 大的
第13页/共42页
Skill 3 1. Bill ranked second in the semifinal of 1,500
高考英语阅读专题： 解题技巧之猜测词义 课件
be easily swallowed down. They must be carefully cultivated.
【分析】unlike 一词说明上下文是_对__比___关系。
领导能力不是“swallowed down”，而是……
The underlined word “cultivated” roughly means _________ .
A. Encouraged B. Compared
✿ C. Examined D. Developed
Eg.My school cultivates many talents for society every year.
I cultivated my interest in music during childhood.
【感悟 三】
作者为了增强表达效果，会用有意义转折的 词，短语。如：unlike，although，but，yet， while，on the contrary，on the other hand， instead of，rather than等与上文形成鲜明的对 比。这时我们可以通过前后对比，语义转折推 出生词的含义。
C. to be wasted
D. to be recycled
Skill 2
【典例1 】2013全国新课标Ⅱ卷
The Exotic(异国的) Series-with Sichuan pepper, red bean, cheese and other flavors also does well and is fun to taste. And for chocolate snobs, who think that they have a better knowledge of chocolate than others, the Connoisseur Series uses cocoa beans from…
【分析】unlike 一词说明上下文是_对__比___关系。
领导能力不是“swallowed down”，而是……
The underlined word “cultivated” roughly means _________ .
A. Encouraged B. Compared
✿ C. Examined D. Developed
Eg.My school cultivates many talents for society every year.
I cultivated my interest in music during childhood.
【感悟 三】
作者为了增强表达效果，会用有意义转折的 词，短语。如：unlike，although，but，yet， while，on the contrary，on the other hand， instead of，rather than等与上文形成鲜明的对 比。这时我们可以通过前后对比，语义转折推 出生词的含义。
C. to be wasted
D. to be recycled
Skill 2
【典例1 】2013全国新课标Ⅱ卷
The Exotic(异国的) Series-with Sichuan pepper, red bean, cheese and other flavors also does well and is fun to taste. And for chocolate snobs, who think that they have a better knowledge of chocolate than others, the Connoisseur Series uses cocoa beans from…
2024届高考二轮阅读理解专题复习之词义猜测题课件(共30张PPT)
impossible
John usually wastes a lot of money on such useless things, his wife, however, is very thrifty.
According to the passage, “thrifty” means ___节__约___
exhibitions in one day.
（因果关系）
（转折关系）
4. I tried hard not to make serious mistakes, but I slipped up.
出差错，疏忽
2.语法关系 猜词义
猜一猜：
哑剧 （下定义）
1.Pantomime refers to a short play in which no words are spoken.
2.He was a prestidigitator who entertained the children by pulling rabbits
out of hats, swallowing fire, and other similar tricks.
变戏法的人 （从句）
3.You may borrow from the library any periodicals: News Weekly,
television.
模仿 （并列、近义关系）
2.Andrew is one of the most supercilious men I know. His brother, in
contrast, is quite humble and modes傲t. 慢的
（对比、反义关系）
极大地，巨大的
John usually wastes a lot of money on such useless things, his wife, however, is very thrifty.
According to the passage, “thrifty” means ___节__约___
exhibitions in one day.
（因果关系）
（转折关系）
4. I tried hard not to make serious mistakes, but I slipped up.
出差错，疏忽
2.语法关系 猜词义
猜一猜：
哑剧 （下定义）
1.Pantomime refers to a short play in which no words are spoken.
2.He was a prestidigitator who entertained the children by pulling rabbits
out of hats, swallowing fire, and other similar tricks.
变戏法的人 （从句）
3.You may borrow from the library any periodicals: News Weekly,
television.
模仿 （并列、近义关系）
2.Andrew is one of the most supercilious men I know. His brother, in
contrast, is quite humble and modes傲t. 慢的
（对比、反义关系）
极大地，巨大的
高考英语阅读复习专项：词义猜测 公开课课件
valorous
They are valorous.
They have a valorous manner.
Their valorous manner moved people.
Their valorous manner of working on the front line fearlessly moved people.
瘦高的人
Strategy 1
4. Of course, not only are today’s top Western designers being influenced by China—some of the best designers of contemporary fashion are themselves Chinese. “Vera Wang, Alexander Wang, Jason Wu are taking on Galliano, Albaz, Marc Jacobs—and beating them hands down in design and sales,” adds HillWhat do the underlined words “taking on” mean?A. learning from B. looking down on C. working with D. competing against
→courageous/brave
john
People visit john everyday.
→toilet
Tim drank too much water last night, so he went to visit john twice.
The more clues we find, the better guesses we will make