第1章 遗传因子的发现 单元测试5 (人教版必修2)
遗传因子的发现单元测试
一、单选题
1．人类多脂基因(T)对正常(t)是显性，白化基因(a)对正常(A)是隐性，两对基因位于二对
同尖染色体上。一个家庭中父亲多指，母亲正常，他们有一个白化病手指正常的孩子，
则下一个孩子只有一种病和有两种病的几率分别是 ( )
A、3/4、1/4
B、1/2、1/8
C、1/4、1/4
D、1/4、1/8
2．下列叙述正确的是( )
A．纯合子测交后代都是纯合子 B．纯合子自交后代是纯合子 C．杂合子自交后代都是杂合子 D．杂合子测交后代都是杂合子
3．要让杂合体植物的后代性状尽快的稳定，最好采用什么方法
A.杂交
B.自交
C.测交
D.无性繁殖
4．分离定律的实质是
A.F2性状分离比为3：1
B.测交后代的性状分离比为3：1
C.F2出现性状分离
D.成对的遗传因子在形成配子时发生性状分离，各自进入不同的配子中
5．某种鼠中，黄鼠基因A对灰鼠基因a为显性，短尾基因B对长尾基因b为显性，且基因A或b在纯合时使胚胎致死，这两对基因是独立遗传的。现有两只双杂合的黄色短尾鼠交配，理论上所生的子代表现型的比例为（）A．2：1 B．9：3：3：1 C．4：2：2：1 D．1：1：1：1 6．用纯种高茎豌豆（DD）与纯种矮茎豌豆（dd）杂交得到的F1，全为高茎豌豆（Dd）,种下F1让其自交得到F2，种下F2豌豆种子，发现F2豌豆植株有高茎和矮茎两种植株，且高茎：矮茎为3：1。实现F2中高：矮为3：1的条件是（）
①在F1形成配子时，等位基因分离，形成两种配子
②含不同基因的雌雄配子随机结合
③含不同基因组合的种子必须有适宜的生长发育条件
④只需要①项条件，而不需要②③两项条件
A．①③④ B.②③④ C.①②③ D.①②④
7．如图表示某个生物的精细胞，试根据细胞内基因(三对基因独立遗传)的类型，判断其精细胞至少来自几个精原细胞
A．2个B．3个C．4个D．5个
8．假定基因A是视网膜
．．．正常所必需的。现有基因型为AaBb ．．．正常所必需的，基因B是视神经
的双亲，从理论上分析，他们所生的后代视觉正常的可能性是
A．3/16B．4/16 C．7/16D．9/16
9．人的体细胞中有46条染色体，经减数分裂产生的配子中，全部来自母方染色体的配子所占的比例为 ( )
A、1/23
B、1/46
C、1/223
D、1/246
10．用纯种高茎豌豆与纯种矮茎豌豆作杂交实验时，必需
A．以高茎作母本，矮茎作父本 B．以矮茎作母本，高茎作父本
C．对母本去雄，授以父本花粉 D．对父本去雄，授以母本花粉
11．用豌豆做实验材料是孟德尔成功的关键，豌豆的下列特点不是其原因的是 A．严格的自花传粉植物 B．相对性状易于区分
C．亲本都是纯种 D．等位基因的数量少
12．有一植物只有在显性基因A和B同时存在时才开紫花。已知一株开紫花的植物自交，后代开紫花的植株180棵，开白花的植株142棵，那么在此自交过程中配子间的组合方式有多少种
A.2种
B.4种
C.8种
D.16种
13．一株黄色圆粒豌豆与一株黄色皱粒豌豆杂交，其子代黄圆占3/8，黄皱占3/8，绿圆占1/8，绿皱占1/8，则两亲本的基因型为
A. YyRR YYRr
B. YyRr YyRr
C. YYRR yyrr
D. YyRr Yyrr
14．在两对相对性状的遗传实验中，可能具有1:1:1:1比例关系的是
①杂种自交后代的性状分离比②杂种产生配子类别的比例③杂种测交后代的表现
型比例④杂种自交后代的基因型比例⑤杂种测交后代的基因型比例
A．①②④ B．②④⑤ C．①③⑤ D．②③⑤
15．人类的色盲和白化病是两种遗传病，有一家系中父亲患色盲病，母亲正常。他们有两个孩子，儿子同时患两种病，女儿正常。该女儿和一父亲是白化病患者的正常男子结婚，生同时患两种病儿子的概率是（）
A./19
B.1/12
C.1/24
D.1/48
16．番茄的红果(A)对黄果(a)是显性,圆果(B)对长果 (b)是显性,且自由组合，现用红色长果与黄色圆果 (番茄)杂交,从理论上分析,其后代的基因型不可出现的比例是( )
A.1∶0
B.1∶2∶1
C.1∶1
D.1∶1∶1∶1
17．用纯种高茎豌豆（DD）与纯种矮茎豌豆（dd）杂交，得到F1全为高茎，将F1自交得F2，发现F2中高茎：矮茎为3：1。实现F2中高茎：矮茎为3：1的条件是（）
A、F1形成配子时，遗传因子分离，形成两种配子
B、含有不同遗传因子的配子随机结合
C、含有不同遗传因子组合的种子必须有适宜的生长发育条件
D、只需A项条件，而不需B、C两项条件
18．在某动物的卵细胞核中，DNA的质量为A g，那么在有丝分裂前期时，其体细胞细胞核中DNA质量为
A．4A g B．8A g C．A g D．2A g
19．周期性偏头痛是由常染色体上的基因引起的遗传病，表现型正常的双亲生了一个患病的
女儿。若这对夫妇再生一个孩子，表现型正常的几率应是
A ．1/4
B ．3/4
C ．3/8
D ．1
20．下列各项，除哪项外都是孟德尔获得成功的原因（ ）
A.选用豌豆做实验材料
B.先研究一对相对性状，后研究多对相对性状
C.先研究基因的行为变化，后研究性状的分离现象
D.用统计学的方法对实验结果进行分析
二、填空题
21．鸭蛋蛋壳的颜色主要有青色和白色两种。金定鸭产青色蛋，康贝尔鸭产白色蛋。为研究蛋壳颜色的遗传规律，研究者利用这两个鸭群做了五组实验,结果如下表所示。
请回答问题：
(1)根据第1、2、3、4组的实验结果可判断鸭蛋蛋壳的_____色是显性性状。
(2)第3、4组的后代均表现出________现象,比例都接近_______。
(3)第5组实验结果显示后代产青色蛋的概率接近___,该杂交称为______,用于检验
________。
(4)第1、2组的少数后代产白色蛋,说明双亲中_________的鸭群中混有杂合子。
(5)运用________方法对上述遗传现象进行分析,可判断鸭蛋壳颜色的遗传符合孟德尔
的__________定律。
22．右图为某单基因遗传病的系谱图，致病基因 I
为A或a，请回答下列问题： 1 2
19、该病的致病基因在___________染色体上，是 II
__________性遗传病。
(2)I-2和II-3的基因型相同的概率是__________。
(3)II-2的基因型可能是_____________。 III
(4)III-2的基因型可能是_______________。 1 2
(5)III-2正常男女
病女孩的概率是___________。患病男女
23．具有两对相对性状的纯种个体杂交，在F 2出现的性状中：
（1）双显性性状的个体占总数的；
（2）能够稳定遗传的个体占总数的；
（3）与F1性状不同的个体占总数的；
（4）与亲本性状不同的个体占总数的。
24．图甲显示在人类产生配子时的细胞减数分裂结果。
(1)根据图甲写出两项细胞减数分裂的特征:
a)________ ___________________b)_______________________________________
(2)如图乙显示涉及一对同源染色体的不正常分裂情况：
①如何分辨配子A和配子B? .
②异常配子A、B产生的原因有可能是____________________________ __________。
③如果A卵子成功地与正常精子受精，可能得的遗传病是
__________________________。
④如果这种不正常分裂发生在性染色体上。；一个A卵子与一个正常精子受精形成的个
体染色体组成为、；一个B卵子与一个正常精子受精形成的个体染色体组成为、。
（3）如果这对同源染色体上存在两对控制相对性状的基因（AaBb），采用
方法检测这两对基因的遗传是否遵循独立遗传？
孟德尔定律单元测试答案解析
一、单选题
1．B
2．B
3．B
4．D
5．A
6．C
7．B
8．D
9．C
10．C
11．D
12．D
13．D
14．D
15．C
16．B
17．D
18．A
19．B
20．C
二、填空题
21．(1)青 (2)性状分离 3∶1 (3)1/2 测交F1相关的基因组成 (4)金定 (5)统计学基因分离
解析根据表中第1组和第2组的杂交结果分析,康贝尔鸭和金定鸭不论是正交还是反交,得到的后代所产蛋均是青色蛋多白色蛋少,第3组和第4组的后代均表现出性状分离现象,并且青色蛋与白色蛋的比例约为3∶1,由此可判断青色蛋为显性性状，白色蛋为隐性性状。第5组为第2组的F1♀与康贝尔鸭♂(隐性纯合子)杂交,得到后代青色蛋与白色蛋的比例约为1∶1,因此这种杂交应为测交,可用于检测第2组中F1的基因型。
第1组和第2组均为康贝尔鸭(隐性纯合子)和金定鸭杂交,根据少数后代产白色蛋可判断金定鸭中大多数为显性纯合子,少数为杂合子。将具体的数字转化成表现型比例,对遗传现象进行分析,运用的是统计学
的方法,根据表中数据判断,鸭蛋颜色的遗传符合孟德尔的基因分离定律。
22．（1）常隐（2）1（100%）（3）Aa （4）AA或Aa （5）1/12
23．（1）9/16 （2）1/4 (3)7/16 (4)3/8或5/8
24．(1)1个亲代细胞可产生4个子细胞；每个子细胞内染色体数目减半；同源染色体分开并分配到不同的子细胞
(2)①A配子中含有成对同源染色体，B配子中则不含该染色体②减数第一次分裂后
期同源染色体没有分开，进入同一个细胞中③21三体综合征(或先天性愚型)或含有三条同源染色体④XXX XXY XO YO （3）测交
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