英汉翻译理论与实践——重复法
英汉翻译技巧——重复译法
英汉翻译技巧——重复译法使用重复法的目的主要有三个：一是使意义明确，二是使译文生动活泼，三是加强语势。
一、使意义明确1.重复名词1) We should learn how to analyze and solve problems.2) It is our duty to rebuild and defend our homeland.3)A good play serves to educate and inspire the people.4)It was he who first repudiated and breached the understanding.5)All of these arrangements were a prelude to the ball, the hostess' ultimate prize.6)They slipped out into the open,avoiding the kitchen, a spacious separate building.2.重复动词1)People forget your face first, then your name.2)Then he spoke of the rise of charity and popular education, and in particular of the spread of wealth and work.3)They talked of things they longed for ─ of meat and of hot soup and of the richness of butter.4)He encouraged this bumptious young ma n to write of his own region──of its bleak poverty and of its women old before their time.3.重复代词1）The country has its romantic feeling.2）However you travel, it’ll take you at least two days.3）Whoever works hard will be respected.4）Choose whatever you like.5）Ignoring a problem does not solve it.6）When her eyes looked up, they were very large, odd, and attractive.二、使译文生动活泼1)grotesque2)careless3)in chaos4)street gossip5)rumors6) Talking and laughing, running and jumping, the children had a good time at sea-side.7) But at that time, she was the only woman there.8) His folks ate up everything he had.三、加强语势1) Would you please please please please please please please stop talking.2)Any my poor fool is hanged. No, no, no life.。
翻译重复法
重复关系代词替代的名词
修饰
An element is a substance that cannot be broken down into simpler substance by ordinary chemical means.
只要我们学习努力，而且学习得法，我们就能克服学 习中的困难。
重复共同的宾语
(1).People use natural science to understand and change natural. 人们利用自然科学去了解自然、改造自然。
People use natural science to understand (natural) and change natural.
(2).Teachers should try their best to develop the student's ability to analyze and solve problems. 教师应当尽力培养学生分析问题和解决问题的能力。
Teachers should try their best to develop the student's ability to analyze (problems) and solve problems.
重复人称代词替代的名词
If an atom contains three protons,itit must have three electrons to be electrically neutral. 如果一个原子含有三个质子，这个原子 必然有三个电 子，使之不带电荷。
英汉翻译理论和实践重复法
3)重复作先行词的名词或作同位语的名词:
英语中的同位语，在汉译有时也可重复先行词。
They asked for promises that be cashed in one week.
他们要求得到承诺，而这些承诺要在一周内兑现。
We have to analyze and solve problems.
我们要分析问题，解决问题。 Let’s discuss our studying and living
conditions. 咱们来讨论讨论学习条件和生活条件吧。
英汉翻译理论和实践重复法
It is our duty to rebuild and defend homeland.
英汉翻译理论和的方法和技巧:(5)
重复法 /重译法
(Repetition)
英汉翻译理论和实践重复法
重复法实际上也是一种增词法，只 不过增加的是上文刚刚出现过的词。
• Reading makes a full man; conference a ready man; and writing an exact man.
• 读书使人充实，讨论使人机智， 笔记使人准确。
• They lived there for many years. He in front of the mountain, she behind it.
• 他们住在那里已多年了。他住 山前，她住山后。
英汉翻译理论和实践重复法
The language varies with different genres of writing: a political essay differs from technical writing, a news report is not the same as a literary work, a written article is quite different from oral speech.
翻译技巧重复法
• 他们是白手起家的人，需要人员，需要枪支，需 要训练。
翻译技巧重复法
重复动词（2）
• We talked of ourselves, of our prospects, of the journey, of the weather, of each other – of everything but our host and hostess.
• 我们反对一切战争，特别是反对王朝战争。 • (n. → v.)
• 4. That day he was up before sunrise. • 那天他在日出以前就起来了。 • (adv. → v.)
翻译技巧重复法
小结
词类转译法
英汉两种语言的差别（静态 VS动态）要求我们在翻译的 时候适当运用词类转译法以 符合目的语的逻辑和特征。
• 我曾碰到过，不是氧气设备出故障，就 是引擎出故障，或两者都出故障（的问 题/情况）。
重复英语中作宾语的名词 (p73)
翻译技巧重复法
练习
• We have to analyze and solve problems. • 我们要分析问题，解决问题。
• They would be very reluctant to postpone or cancel the meeting.
• 我们谈到自己，谈到前途，谈到旅程，谈到天气， 谈到彼此的情况——谈到一切，只是不谈我们的 男女主人。
英语句子中动词后有前置词时，在第二次、第三次往往 只用前置词而省略动词，在译文中则要重复动词以代替
英语中重复的前置词(p76)
英汉翻译中的重复翻译法
析：原文中的that指代前文中的approach，在翻译成汉
语时被翻译成了“做法”。原文中的This concept指代
上文中提到的comparative advantage，This concept是
8
comparative advantage的上义词。
Case 6
He demanded total loyalty, not loyalty in the traditional sense, not positive loyalty, but total loyalty, not just to office or party, or concept, but loyalty first and foremost to Johnson.
译文：营销是一种无处不在的社会活动，它远远 超过牙膏、肥皂或者钢铁的销售活动。
析：该句的关系代词that所指代的就是前文中出 现的social activity，在将这类关系代词或者代词 翻译成汉语时，办法之一就是使用汉语里的代词 与之对应。
6
Case 4
Needs are the basic, often instinctive, human forces that motivate a person to do something.
7
Case 5
A more realistic approach toward international
specialization is that of comparative advantage. This
concept says that a nation has a comparative
译文：他要求的是绝对的忠诚，不是传统意义上的忠诚， 也不是一般的忠诚，而是绝对的忠诚，不只是对职务、 政党或观念的忠诚，而是首先对约翰逊的忠诚。
英译汉第8讲翻译技巧之重复法连淑能英译汉教程
Translation from English into Chinese is not as easy as that from English to French.
英译汉不如英译法容易。
A chemical change is one in which the structure of particles is changed and a new substance is formed.
尽管他有随机应变的本领，尽管他的主张反复无常， 但是他终生都是极端墨守成规的。
The solid friendship between our two countries took shape during our protracted struggles against colonialism, hegemonism, and outmoded relationships.
BB: 个个、件件、条条、篇篇、层层 ABB: 一块块、一滴滴、一朵朵 ABAB: 一次一次、一步一步、一颗一颗 AABB: 千千万万、三三两两
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rhetorical reduplication and repetition
动词重叠，表示动作的轻微、反复、完成、连 续、轻松、随便等
形容词重叠，表示程度的加重、加深、加强、 减轻或喜爱、厌恶等情绪
AA: 高高、厚厚、小小、长长、细细 A一/了A: 走一走、摇一摇、笑了笑、看了看 AABB: 干干净净、花花绿绿、歪歪斜斜 ABAB: 笔直笔直、通红通红、雪白雪白、崭新崭
新
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rhetorical reduplication and repetition
英汉翻译重复发转
英汉翻译重复发转汉语有个明显的特点，也是英语所少见的，就是同义词语的重复。
这种重复在汉语修辞上称为反复，为的是突出某个意思，强调某种感情，以加强读者的印象。
但是在许多情况下，并非出自修辞需要，而是语言本身所固有的。
在翻译中，有时为了忠实于原文，不得不重复某些词语，否则就不能忠实地表达原文意思。
这种反复使用某些词语的翻译方法就叫重复法。
一般说来，重复法有三个作用：一是为了明确，二是为了强调，三是为了生动。
1.名词的重复(1)重复作宾语的名词1)We should learn how to analyze and solve problems.我们应学会如何分析问题、解决问题。
2)A good play serves to educate and inspire the people.一出好戏足以教育人民、鼓舞人民。
3)I had experienced oxygen and/or engine trouble.我曾碰到过，不是氧气设备出故障，就是引擎出故障，或两者都出故障。
4)It is o1)Work while you work,play while you play.该工作时就工作，该玩时就玩。
2)It is impossible to live in society and be independent of society.生于社会，不能脱离社会。
3)Dead is the monarch,dead the servant who cringed beforehim,dead the city in which they dwelt.君主死了，在他面前卑躬屈膝、阿谀奉承的侍臣死了，他们居住的这个都城也死了。
ur duty to rebuild and defend our homeland.重建家园和保卫家园是我们的职责。
2)重复作表语的名词1)Every single woman Iever know is apuzzle to me,as,I have no doubt,she is to herself.我所认识的每一个女人对我来说都是一个谜，而且我毫不怀疑，她自己对她本人也是一个谜。
重复法
重复法
二、为了强调 重复关键性的词，给读者留下深刻的印象
Gentlemen may cry, peace, peace-but there is no peace.
先生们可以高呼和平，和平！但依然没有和平
What we meant, first and foremost,is to learn, to learn and to learn.
强国有强国的策略，小国也有小国的路线。
重复法
英语中强势关系代词或强势关系副词whoever, whenever,wherever等，翻译时尽量用重复法
Whoever studies hard will get high mark. 谁认真学习，谁就能得高分。
Wherever severe oppression existed, there would be revolution.
On Sunday afternoon,some reviewed their lessons, and others helped the cooks.
复习功课的复习功课，帮厨的帮厨。
重复法
英语原文没有重复，有时也可在内容上而不是形 式上重复的手段。
He was proficient both as a translator and writer. 他既精于翻译，又擅长写作。
He is talking about the nuclear-test issue, which is the focus of the public’s concern.
他正谈到核试验问题，这个问题也是大众 关注的焦点。
重复法
英语句子常用一个动词连接几个宾语或表 语，在译文中往往要重复这个动词。
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４)重复代词:
Each has his own strengths. 各人有各人的长处。 The climate in Jining is almost
再如:
the same as that of Linyi. 济宁的气候与临沂的气候基本相同。 Her father is a famous professor, but I can’t find any scholarly pretense in him.
例如：时间就是生命，时间就是速度，
时间就是力量。
因此，英译汉时要特别注意英语
这个习惯，了解到英语用不同的 词实际上表达的是同一个概念， 不妨用重复同一个词的办法来翻 译指代同一个referent的不同的词。 与此相反，汉译英时对于同一说 法的汉语原文，英译时不妨采用 不同的表达方式。这样既避免了 重复，使译文优美，同时也更符 合英语表达习惯。
3)重复作先行词的名词或作同位语的名词: 英语定语从句常用关系词引导，一方面代 表定语从句所修饰的那个先行词，一方面 在从句中担任一个成分。汉语中没有关系 词，往往需要重复这个作先行词的名词。 Thank you for your help, which enabled me to get out of difficulty.
It is our duty to rebuild and defend homeland. 重建家园，保卫家园，是我们的责任。 A good play serves to educate and inspire people. 一出好戏可以教育人民，鼓舞人民。 Common and recurrent diseases have among other things been investigated and studied. 对常见病和多发病特别进行了调查和研究。 The policies of opening to the outside world and at home 对外开放政策和对内开放政策
她父亲是一位有名望的教授，但我没有从
她父亲身上看到任何故作姿态的学者派头。
英语中强调关系代词或强调关系副词:
whoever, whenever,wherever等，汉译 时尽量用重复法。例如：
Whoever breaks the law should be punished. 谁犯法，谁就该受到惩罚。 Wherever severe oppression existed, there would be revolution. 哪里有残酷的压迫，哪里就有革命 Whenever you are free, please come and have a talk. 你什么时候有空，就什么时候来说说话。
“Some…others”的句式，可汉译成谓 语重复形式的“的”字结构，也可译 成“有的…有的”。例如：
Some were reading novels, others were chatting.
有的在看小说，有的在聊天。
Some have entered college and others have gone to the countryside. 上大学的上大学，下乡的下乡。（有的…有的） On Sundays, some review their lessons and others go window-shopping.
水可由能量来分解，所谓能量也就是电流。
４)重复代词:
英语为了避免重复,常使用代词来替代前面 出现的名词, 因此, 汉译时常把代词所替代 的名词加以重复，以达到明确的目的。例: He is your friend and mine, too. 他是你的朋友，也是我的朋友。 This is my viewpoint, but not theirs. 这是我的观点，不是他们的观点。 Happy families also have their own troubles. 幸福家庭也有幸福家庭的苦恼。
他们要求得到承诺，而这些承诺要在一周内兑现。
英语中的同位语，在汉译有时也可重复先行词。
Here
comes his girlfriend, a very pretty and sweet girl.
他女朋友来了。他女朋友可是个漂亮女孩。
Water
can be decomposed by energy, a current of electricity.
杰克很快学会了中国人的语言，适应了中国
不同的文体所用的语言也不一样。政论
性文章与科技文章不同，新闻报道和文 学作品不同，书面材料和口头报告不同。
The
language varies with different genres of writing: a political essay differs from technical writing, a news report is not the same as a literary work, a written article is quite different from oral speech.
复习功课的复习功课，逛街的逛街 。
5）为了精练，英语中常使用省略。为 了明确，英译汉时常常要把省去的内 容重译出来。例如：
我已提前完成了交给我的工作，他也
I have fulfilled my assigned work ahead of schedule, so has he.
提前完成了交给他的工作。 You can stand on your hands, so can I. 你会倒立，我也会倒立。
2)重复介词短语中所省略的名词:
为了精练，英语中常重复使用介词， 而将第二个、第三个介词前的名词省 略，翻译时应该将此名词重复。例: Ignorance is the mother of fear as well as of admiration. 无知是恐惧的根源，也是敬佩的根源。 The story of Shenzhen is a story of development, of reform. 深圳的故事是发展的故事，改革的故事。
她游历甚广，到过伦敦，到过巴黎，到过东
京，到过世界上许多大城市。
People forget your face first, then your name.
人们通常是先忘记别人的脸，然后忘记名字。
Is he a friend or an enemy? 他是个朋友呢，还是个敌人呢？
英语的句子中动词后有介词，在第二
• 读书使人充实，讨论使人机智， 笔记使人准确。
• They lived there for many years. He in front of the mountain, she behind it.
• 他们住在那里已多年了。他住 山前，她住山后。
The
language varies with different genres of writing: a political essay differs from technical writing, a news report is not the same as a literary work, a written article is quite different from oral speech.
性文章与科技文章不同，新闻报道和文 学作品不同，书面材料和口头报告不同。
不同的文体所用的语言也不一样。政论
英语为了避免文章单调乏味，一般情况
下避免重复的出现。语篇的衔接主要依 赖代词、同义词替换。而汉语则不怕重 复，重复并不会给人单调乏味的感觉。
相反，重复是汉语语篇衔接的一种主要手 段。如果使用得当， 重复反而念起来铿镪 有力，起反复强调的作用，增强了美的感 受。这正是汉语修辞的一种手法---排比。
Jesse
opened his eyes which were filled with tears. 杰西睁开眼睛，眼里满是泪水。
感谢你的帮助。正是你的帮助才使得我度过难关。
3)重复作先行词的名词或作同位语的名词:
They
asked for promises that be cashed in one week.
为了使译文明确具体，英语原文没有重
复，汉译有时采用一种在内容上而不是 形式上重复的手段。例：
He was proficient both as a translator and writer.
他既精于翻译，又擅长写作。
Jack quickly learned the language and customs of the Chinese.
次﹑第三次往往只用介词而省略动词， 在译文中往往要重复动词以代替英语 中重复的介词。例：
They talked about his hometown, about his family, about his work and about his future.
他们谈到他的家乡，谈到他的家庭，谈到
他的工作，还谈到他的前程。
使用原子武器显然违反国际法，特别违反
The use of atomic weapons is a clear violation of international law, especially of the Geneva Convention.
日内瓦协定。
• They forget the democratic centralism which subordinates the minority to the majority, the lower level to the higher level, the part to the whole, and the whole Party to the Central Committee. • 他们忘记了少数服从多数，下级 服从上级，局部服从全体，全党 服从中央的民主集中制。