英汉语言对比-练习题-2-reference answers
英汉语言对比-习题·+答案
英汉语言对比-习题·+答案预览说明:预览图片所展示的格式为文档的源格式展示,下载源文件没有水印,内容可编辑和复制英汉语言对比Synthetic vs. AnalyticⅠ. Answer QuestionsDirections: Answer the Questions in English briefly, with examples if necessary. 1.What are synthetic languages(综合语)? How are they characterized?According to Webster’s Ninth New Collegiate Dictionary, A synthetic language is “Characterized by frequent and systematic use of inflected forms to express grammatical relationship s”2.What are analytical languages（分析语）? How are they characterized?According to The Random House College Dictionary, An analytic language is “Characterized by a relatively frequent use of function words, auxiliary verbs and changes in words order to expr ess syntactic relations, rather than of inflected forms”.3.Why English language is more flexible in word order（语序）? Why is it not so inChinese?Because word order is more connected with the formal changes. If the form change is more flexible, the word order is more flexible. Chinese language is an analytic language, the word order cannot be change at random, in which the relationship between the words are closely related with word order and function words.4.What is the usual word order in English sentences? Whatare the nine types ofinversion in English sentences?The usual word order in English sentence is Subject-Verb-Object. The nine types of inversion in English sentences include: interrogative inversion, imperative inversion, exclamatory inversion, hypothetical inversion, balance inversion, link inversion, signpost inversion, negative inversion, metrical inversion.1. 5.What are the E—C differences in formal words（形式词）?English language is featured in its abundant function words, of which is article. Articles are frequent employed. To use an article or not, and to use a definite one or an indefinite one, makes great difference in expression of meaning. Auxiliary are more frequently used in Chinese. Chinese language contains auxiliary for tense, structural and mood. This last category is especially unique in the language for the richness for delineation of emotions, like the letters 呀、啦、哦、嘛、呢，and others.6.How many kinds of formal words （形式词）are there in English language?2.There are five types of formal words, that is:i.article, including a, an, and the;ii.preposition, like on, in, to, for, as, at, of, with, from, across, etc.;iii.auxiliary verb, like will, do, have;iv.coordinator, including and, but, or;subordinator, like unless, after, for, due to, etc.7.Why Chinese is called Tone Language（声调语言）?Chinese tone can be used for indicating the change of meaning and is not suitable for expressing the certainty, completeness, independence or finality.Ⅱ. Fill in the BlanksDirections: Fill in the blanks with the best answer you have found in the textbook.1.11.综合语的特征是经常性、系统性的运用曲折形式来表现语法关系为特征的语言，分析语的特征是分析语的特征是相对频繁地使用功能词，助词和改变词序来表达句法关系，而不用曲折形式来表达。
新英汉翻译教程 第三章.英汉语言对比答案
小节结束
16 返回章重点 退出
3. 1. 3 英语爱用静态词，汉语常用动态词
英语喜欢使用静态词汇，而汉语则 多使用动态词汇，英译汉时常常把原文 中表示动作意义的静态叙述转换成汉语 的动态叙述。
第 三 章 重 点
3. 2 英汉词汇表达对比
3.2.1 英语词汇含义多 3.2.2 英语词汇搭配多 3.2.3 英语词汇在句中的位置多
课堂互动2
3. 3 英汉句法结构对比
3.3.1 英汉句子结构的互换 A. 英语简单句可转换成汉语复合句 B. 英语并列句、复合句可转换成汉语简单句 3.3.2 英汉句子顺序的调整 A.调整时间顺序 B.调整空间顺序 课堂互动3 C.调整逻辑顺序
17 返回章重点 退出
例1：Inspiration is the number one cause of greatness. If information is power, then inspiration must be the power of our potential. The power that moves us from the systematic to the spontaneous. From ideas to results.
【译文】这时候，他从烤架上拿了些羊肉，庄重地送 到我们面前，我们各自取了一些，可是我们早已 没有了胃口，只不过做做样子，装吃罢了。
15 返回章重点 退出
例2：Harvard Business School opened in the early 20th century, and pioneered the casestudy method of teaching—making use of real-world scenarios, instead of relying on academic theory—a methodology that has remained the bases for many MBA programmes around the world today.
英汉语言对比练习
Chapter 1Ⅰ. Answer QuestionsDirections: Answer the Questions in English briefly, with examples if necessary.1. What are synthetic languages(综合语)? How are they characterized?2. What are analytical languages（分析语）? How are they characterized?3. How man formal changes are possible to English words? Is there any formal change（形态变化）in Chinese language?4. Why English language is more flexible is word order（语序）? Why is it not so in Chinese?5. What is the usual word order in English sentences? Which are the nine types of inversion in English sentences?6. What are the E—C differences in formal words（形式词）?7. How many kinds of formal words （形式词）are there in English language?8. How is English phonological system(语音系统) formed? How is Chinese one?9. Does Chinese phonological and characteristic system have any advantage in literary forms?10. Why Chinese is called Tone Language（声调语言）?Ⅱ. Fill in the BlanksDirections: Fill in the blanks with the best answer you have found in the textbook.11.综合语的特征是，分析语的特征是。
英汉互译英汉语言对比练习2
英语语言对比练习分析句子内部结构和关系，翻译时注意母语的迁移现象：1. 人到齐就开会。
2.不要人云亦云。
3. 帐单撕碎了。
4. 问题解决了。
5.你再说一个字，我马上走6. 你死了，我去当和尚。
7. 人在阵地在。
8. 人无远虑，必有近忧。
9. 病来如山倒，病去如抽丝。
10. 我来他已去。
11. 他人老心不老。
12. He wore dark glasses, and thick jersey, and stopped up his ears with cotton wool.13. Some Americans pop across the border simply to fuel up on flavorful Mexican food and beer.14. But his attack was always repulsed击退by a kick or blow from a stick.15. Kino hurrying towards to his house, felt a surge of exhilaration.分析观察汉语的句式并翻译：1. 他决定去拉车，/就拉车去了。
/赁了辆破车，/他先练练腿。
/第一天没拉着什么钱。
/第二天的生意不错，/可是躺了两天，/他的脚脖子肿得像两条瓠子似的，/再也抬不起来。
2. 原来这婆娘自从药死武大，/哪那里肯带孝，/每日只是浓妆艳抹，/和西门庆作一处取乐。
/听得武松叫声“武二归来了”，/慌忙去面盆里洗落了脂粉，/剥去了首饰钗环，/蓬松挽了个髻，/脱去了红裙绣袄，/旋穿上孝群孝衫，/便从楼上哽哽咽咽假哭下来。
//3. 武松沉吟了半晌，/便出门去，/径投县里来；/开了锁，/去房里换了一身素净衣服，/便叫士兵打了一条麻绦，/系在腰里；/身边藏了一把尖长柄短背厚刃薄的解腕刀，/取了些银两带在身边。
翻译时注意英汉两种语言之间修饰语的差异：•姑娘•北京姑娘•漂亮的北京姑娘•年轻漂亮的北京姑娘•身材苗条年轻漂亮的北京姑娘•两个身材苗条年轻漂亮的北京姑娘•正看着我们的两个身材苗条年轻漂亮的北京姑娘正面带笑容看着我们的两个身材苗条年轻漂亮的北京姑娘翻译下面句子，注意英汉两种语言形合与意合的差异：5.All was cleared up some time later when news came from a distant place that an earthquake was felt the very day the little copper ball fell.6.When I try to understand what it is that prevents so many Americans from being as happy as one might expect, it seems to me that there are two causes, of which one goes much deeper than the other.7. It has been a fine, golden autumn, a lovely farewell to those who would close their youth, and some of them their lives, before the leaves turned again in a peacetime fall.8. The many colors of a rainbow range from red on the outside to violet on the inside.9. He had a disconcerting habit of expressing contradictory ideas in rapid succession.10. Power can be transmitted over a great distance with practically negligible loss if it is carried by an electric current.11. The present onslaught猛攻/猛击of vehicles poses a serious threat to urban life and pedestrian peace of mind.12.He boasts that a slave is free the moment his feet touch British soil and he sells the children of the poor at six years of age to work under the lash in the factories for sixteen hours a day.13.They would have had to live the rest of their lives under the stigma耻辱/瑕疵that they had recklessly precipitated an action which wrecked the Summit Conference and conceivably could have launched a nuclear war.14. Could any spectacle, for instance, be more grimly可怕whimsical荒谬than that of gunners using science to shatter men’s bodies while, cl ose at hand, surgeons use it to restore them?15. There is nothing more disappointing to a hostess who has gone to a lot of trouble or expense than to have her guest so interested in talking politics or business with her husband that he fails to notice the flavor of the coffee, the lightness of the cake, or the attractiveness of the house, which may be her chief interest and pride.1.说是说了，没有结果。
英汉对比单元测试题及答案
英汉对比单元测试题及答案一、选择题（每题2分，共20分）1. 在英语中，“book”一词的意思是：A. 书B. 笔C. 桌子D. 椅子答案：A2. 英语中的“happy”和汉语中的“快乐”在意义上：A. 完全不同B. 部分相似C. 完全相同D. 部分相反答案：C3. 汉语中的“苹果”在英语中对应的词是：A. appleB. orangeC. bananaD. grape答案：A4. 英语中的“she”指的是：A. 他B. 她C. 它D. 他们答案：B5. 以下哪个词组在英语和汉语中意义相同？A. 看医生B. 看门狗C. 看电影D. 看风景答案：C二、填空题（每空1分，共10分）6. 英语中的“family”在汉语中通常翻译为_。
答案：家庭7. 汉语中的“学习”在英语中可以翻译为_。
答案：study 或 learn8. 英语中的“thank you”在汉语中通常翻译为_。
答案：谢谢9. 汉语中的“老师”在英语中对应的词是_。
答案：teacher10. 英语中的“good morning”在汉语中翻译为_。
答案：早上好三、翻译题（每题5分，共30分）11. 将下列英语句子翻译成汉语：- "What's your name?"答案：你叫什么名字？12. 将下列汉语句子翻译成英语：- 我喜欢吃苹果。
答案：I like eating apples.13. 将下列英语句子翻译成汉语：- "Where are you going?"答案：你要去哪里？14. 将下列汉语句子翻译成英语：- 她是一名医生。
答案：She is a doctor.四、简答题（每题5分，共20分）15. 英语和汉语在语法结构上有哪些主要差异？答案：英语和汉语在语法结构上的主要差异包括：英语使用主谓宾结构，而汉语则更倾向于主谓宾或主宾谓；英语中动词时态和语态的变化较为复杂，汉语则通过时间词和上下文来表达；英语中有明确的冠词使用规则，而汉语中则没有冠词。
英汉语言对比练习答案2
1．翻译下列句子，注意调整语序1）A reader’s perception of the loose, slangy, colloquial, shirt-sleeved quality of much modern prose will be sharpened if he has experienced the conscious elegance of eighteenth-century writers and the solemn lecture-hall pronouncements of the Victorians. （按照逻辑顺序译）【译文】如果一位读者读过18世纪作家的作品，体会到其刻意追求典雅的语言风格，又读过维多利亚女王时代的人在演讲大厅上所作的庄严的发言，他定能更深刻地理解很多现代散文作品那种结构松散、口语色彩浓、好用俚语、不拘形式的语言风格。
2）He felt a qualm in his stomach, and it was more in memory of his own loneliness than anticipation of hers.（按照信息中心译）【译文】他感到一阵心酸，与其说是预见了她的凄凉，倒不如说是想到了他自己的孤独。
3）Based on national realities and taking reasonable aspects of foreign economies, Chinese economists are working to establish socialist market economy, which ensures economic activities follow the requirements of the law of value and the changing relationship between supply and demand. （按照搭配需要译）【译文】在立足本国实际和借鉴海外经济合理成分的基础上，中国经济学者正致力于建立社会主义市场经济，要保证经济活动遵循价值规律的要求，适应供求关系的变化。
最新英汉语言对比-习题·+答案
英汉语言对比Synthetic vs. AnalyticⅠ. Answer QuestionsDirections: Answer the Questions in English briefly, with examples if necessary. 1.What are synthetic languages(综合语)? How are they characterized?According to Webster’s Ninth New Collegiate Dictionary, A synthetic language is “Characterized by frequent and systematic use of inflected forms to express grammatical relationships”2.What are analytical languages（分析语）? How are they characterized?According to The Random House College Dictionary, An analytic language is “Characterized by a relatively frequent use of function words, auxiliary verbs and changes in words order to express syntactic relations, rather than of inflected forms”.3.Why English language is more flexible in word order（语序）? Why is it not so inChinese?Because word order is more connected with the formal changes. If the form change is more flexible, the word order is more flexible. Chinese language is an analytic language, the word order cannot be change at random, in which the relationship between the words are closely related with word order and function words.4.What is the usual word order in English sentences? What are the nine types ofinversion in English sentences?The usual word order in English sentence is Subject-Verb-Object. The nine types of inversion in English sentences include: interrogative inversion, imperative inversion, exclamatory inversion, hypothetical inversion, balance inversion, link inversion, signpost inversion, negative inversion, metrical inversion.1. 5.What are the E—C differences in formal words（形式词）?English language is featured in its abundant function words, of which is article. Articles are frequent employed. To use an article or not, and to use a definite one or an indefinite one, makes great difference in expression of meaning. Auxiliary are more frequently used in Chinese. Chinese language contains auxiliary for tense, structural and mood. This last category is especially unique in the language for the richness for delineation of emotions, like the letters 呀、啦、哦、嘛、呢，and others.6.How many kinds of formal words （形式词）are there in English language?2.There are five types of formal words, that is:i.article, including a, an, and the;ii.preposition, like on, in, to, for, as, at, of, with, from, across, etc.;iii.auxiliary verb, like will, do, have;iv.coordinator, including and, but, or;subordinator, like unless, after, for, due to, etc.7.Why Chinese is called Tone Language（声调语言）?Chinese tone can be used for indicating the change of meaning and is not suitable for expressing the certainty, completeness, independence or finality.Ⅱ. Fill in the BlanksDirections: Fill in the blanks with the best answer you have found in the textbook.1.11.综合语的特征是经常性、系统性的运用曲折形式来表现语法关系为特征的语言，分析语的特征是分析语的特征是相对频繁地使用功能词，助词和改变词序来表达句法关系，而不用曲折形式来表达。
英汉语言对比练习
班级：姓名：学号：序号：
根据相关英汉语言对比知识回答下列问题：
1.英汉语动词在语法意义和造句作用方面有什么差异？此种差异对翻译和第二
语言习得有什么借鉴意义？
2.如何理解英语重形合、汉语重意合？英汉语此种特征对翻译有什么指导意
义？
3.什么是异化和归化？在语际转换过程中，异化原则和归化原则可用于解决那
些问题？
4.英汉语合成构词有什么区别？其各自的特点对于翻译实践有何意义？
5.英汉语语序有何差异？
6.为什么说英语是树状结构语言而汉语是竹状结构语言？此种差异对英汉互译有什么样
的启示？
7.如何理解英语是静态语言而汉语是动态语言？举例说明此种差异对翻译的指导意义。
8.什么是话题和评论？如何理解汉语多话题-评论型句式而英语多主语-谓语型句式？举例
说明。
9.英汉名词的语法功能之间的差异是什么？
10.为什么有些语言学家认为英语是综合-分析语？
11.试从英汉思维差异说明说明为什么英语多物称主语，而汉语多人称主语？
12.英汉定语的位置和词序有何差异？
13.“祈使句+陈述”能表示哪些意义？
14.什么情况下英语要使用被动句？
15.英汉社会差异有何差异？。
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Chapter 2
Ⅰ. Answer Questions
15This is because English language has rigid rules on sentence structure centered on subject-predicate；English sentences are developed from subject-predicate structures.
16The simplest English sentence consists of only a subject and a predicate, based on which many components are attached or derived. And the verb is the core, the number of nouns attachable to the verb is called the verb’s valence. As Chinese language focuses on internal theme instead of external representation, Chinese sentences can hardly be classified according to verb variation like English sentences are
17SV, SVP,SVO, SVOO,SVOC
18Declarative, interrogative, imperative and exclamative.
19A) to add modifiers; B) to extend the elements in the basic sentence
a) grammatical concord; b) notional concord; c）principle of proximity
20It can be verbs, nouns, or adjectives; it can be one verb or more than one verbs or nor verbs; it can be one word or word phrases.
Nouns and pronouns （包括代词）
verbs：吃饭好
words referring to time, location, conditions：只有下定决心才行preposition：由你负责此事
phrases：我疯了怎么可能？我就这样怎么了？
21Theme sentences; transitive sentence; relative sentences;
exclamative sentence; existential sentence; ownership sentence;
descriptive sentence; and explicative sentence
22In summary, Chinese sentences are characterized in three uncertainties—Uncertainty of subject; uncertainty of predicate;
uncertainty in the relation between subject and predicate.
23Chinese sentence variation is embodied by large number of ambiguous sentences and full sentence and minor sentences. For example: 他欠你的钱；是前天发的电报；房间干干净净。
24Jespersen points out, analysis means suppleness, and synthesis means regidity; in analytic language you have the power of kaleidoscopically arranging and rearranging the elements that in synthetic forms are in rigid connexion.
Ⅱ. Fill in the Blanks
25名词性短语和动词性短语
26.主语+谓语；主语+动词+表语；主语+动词+宾语；主语+动词+
直接宾语+间接宾语；主语+动词+宾语+宾语补足语
27陈述句变疑问句；肯定句变否定句；主动句变被动句
28增加修饰语；扩展基本句型的成分
29语法一致、意义一致、就近原则
Ⅲ.Translate between E/C Languages
30妻子突然回家，使他感到很吃惊。
31离开时请顺手关门。
32谁污染谁负责。
33暴风雨袭击了这个村庄。
34违法者应受到惩罚。
35This bicycle is cheap and fine and sells well in Middle East.
36Chinese people were proud of their country with vast territory and abundant resources and great population in the past.
37I am a green hand in teaching translation for the senior students. 38The young men will decide for themselves for their marriage.
39Mother are fully conscious the worries in her daughter.
40I am still in the dark for this matter.
41As for money, I will try to borrow.
42The aim of reform is to develop the productive force.
43She likes Chinese painting.
44He nodded, indicating he heard what you said, but show sign of agreement or not.
45We firmly believe that our product will be welcomed in the European market.
46It is a great honor for me to participate in such a party today.
47An young man who talks and looks like American entered the car.
48To bear hardship before you enjoy the comforts.。