翻译二级口译实务-卫生与健康(Public+Health)
翻译二级口译实务-卫生与健康(Public Health)(总分：200.00，做题时间：90分钟)一、{{B}}英译汉{{/B}}(总题数：4，分数：100.00)1.{{B}} Passage 1 {{/B}} Honorable Ministers， Your Excellencies， Ladies and Gentlemen, It is a great pleasure to welcome you to the first session of the Conference of the Parties to the WHO Framework Convention on Tobacco Control. One hundred and twenty one countries are now contracting parties to the Convention. Of these, 110 are here today, with full powers of participation. You represent nearly three quarters of the world's population. You represent nations at all levels of income and all stages of development. //In this powerful gathering, we have three of the five top tobacco-leaf exporting countries, and four of the five top cigarette-exporting countries. This group of countries represents 69% of the world's cigarette consumption. It might seem astonishing that this group is also preparing to put into action the roadmap for countries to control tobacco. But this group has already changed history. // When the process began there was some skepticism over its success. The skeptics were wrong. You are driving change forward. To name some examples: India has introduced comprehensive tobacco advertising bans. Australia, Brazil, Canada, Singapore and Thailand have introduced highly visible graphic warnings on cigarette packets. The European Union is on its way to doing the same. In Ireland, Norway, and now in Spain, smoking has been banned in indoor public places. These, and other similar steps, will result in a major reduction in tobacco deaths. // New York State passed a smoking ban. It termed this act its "strongest public health policy ever". Ironically, now it's said that the only place you can smoke with impunity in New York City is the United Nations Building. Both Ann Veneman and I have said that this is wrong. // Smoking should be banned in all UN premises. Also, cigarette sales should be banned in all United Nations premises. After all, the people who are smoking in the UN building sometimes are the representatives of the same Member States who have signed up to the Framework Convention. But it can be hard to put agreements into practice. We will all face this. // Ladies and gentlemen, when we know that, in an Irish pub, a smoking ban can really work, then we know that anything is possible. Smoking is an advance contract. Those who smoke don't pay now, but will do so 30 to 40 years later, when their health fails. They pay with lung cancer, with obstructive airways disorders, with cardiovascular diseases. One in two smokers pays with their life. We have to help them stop smoking. We have to prevent them from starting. // This convention is something that we all committed to. Its provisions are bold. They are based on knowledge of what is effective. We will make it work. Thank you. // (Speech by LEE Jong-wook, former Director-general of WHO, at the Conference of the Parties in Geneva on February 6, 2006)（分数：25.00）__________________________________________________________________________________________ 正确答案：()解析：尊敬的各位部长，阁下，女士们，先生们：非常高兴欢迎各位参加世界卫生组织烟草控制框架公约缔约方会议第一次会议。
目前，已有121个国家成为本公约的缔约方其中，有110个国家今天在座，拥有充分的参与权利。
你们代表了世界上近四分之三的人口，代表了处于不同收入水平和发展阶段的各个国家。
//此次重大的聚会包括了世界前五名烟叶出口同中的三个和前五名卷烟出口国中的四个，这些国家占世界卷烟消费的60%。
令人感到惊讶的是这些国家也正准备将控制烟草的路线图付诸实施，而它们已经改变了历史。
// 在此进程发轫之初，一些人对取得成功表示了怀疑。
但这些持怀疑态度的人是不正确的。
正是你们在推动变革的发生。
这里试举几个例子：印度已经全面禁止烟草广告；澳大利亚、巴西、加拿大、新加坡和泰国规定在烟盒上印制醒目的警告标识；欧盟也正着手这样做；而在爱尔兰、挪威，以及西班牙，室内公共场所禁止吸烟、所有这些连同其他类似的措施，将大大减少烟草造成的死亡。
// 纽约州已立法禁止吸烟，并将该法称作“前所未有的最强硬的公共卫生政策”。
但具有讽刺意味的是，据说目前在纽约市唯一可以自由吸烟的场所是联合国大厦。
我和安娜都表示，这是荒唐的。
//所有联合国场所部应禁止吸烟，同时，所有联合国场所都应禁止出售烟草。
毕竟，在联合国大楼里吸烟的那些人，有的可能就是签署了框架公约的会员国代表。
不过，将协议付诸实施并非容易。
我们都将面临这一现实。
// 女士们，先生们，当我们得知，在爱尔兰酒吧禁烟确实能够付诸实施时，那么我们知道，任何事都是可能做到的。
吸烟是一项预支合同，吸烟者现在不必为此付出代价，但30至40年后，他们的健康出现问题时，就要为此付出代价，比如身患肺癌，阻塞性气管疾病和心血管病等。
每两名吸烟者中，就有一人为此付出生命的代价。
我们必须帮助他们戒烟，必须从一开始就阻止他们吸烟。
// 我们都对此公约做出了承诺，其中的条文很是大胆，那是基于我们了解什么措施最为有效。
我们将促使公约发挥效力。
谢谢！// (世界卫生组织前总干事李钟郁于2006年2月6日在日内瓦缔约方会议上的讲话)2.{{B}} Passage 2 {{/B}} Ladies and Gentlemen, Ten years ago, food safety was not on many people's mind in Europe. We all expected our food to be safe, not only because it generally was safe, but also because incidences of chemical or microbiological contamination werelocal in nature. So was the reporting about them. A conference like this one would not generate much interest beyond the people present. // What a contrast with the present. Today, food safety is one of the highest priority issues for consumers, producers and governments alike, all over Europe. // What has caused this change? The occurrence of BSE, of course, which brought with it the link to the terrible and fatal Variant Creutzfeldt-Jakob disease, created a widespread and deep-set unease about meat products. Yet, for a long time, continental Europeans left the worrying to the unfortunate British, safe in their conviction that the danger was contained by the Channel. // No longer. The consequences of BSE are felt across Europe and beyond. And the recent occurrence of foot-and-mouth disease spread alarm across Europe in a matter of days. even though it has no direct relation to human health. Through such and other incidents, European consumers have woken up to the reality that the trade in food and farm products is truly international—not least because countries of origin are clearly marked on supermarket produce. They are starting to discover the intricate network of international trade that underlies the food industry and brings products to supermarket shelves. // Still, based on evidence, it is clear that the main food safety problems are not the spectacular outbreaks which make their way into the media. In fact, the problem is a vast number of sporadic cases, many of which not only fail to reach the headlines; they don't even make it into our reporting system. // As I look at the vast area of food safety from the point of the World Health Organization, I see three major challenges to protect the health of the consumer: 1) We need to accept that the systems we use in Europe to ensure food safety are not as good as we have come to believe. To improve these systems and re-establish consumer confidence, we must reassess them all the way from the farm to the table; // 2) We need to ensure reasonable food safety standards that apply throughout the world and assist all countries to reach these standards. In the long run, it is in our own self interest to do so. Secondly, unless we do so, developing countries cannot participate in global trading systems: // 3) We must develop global standards for pre-market approval systems of genetically modified food to ensure that these new products not only are safe, but also beneficial for consumers and more efficient than existing products. // (Excerpts from the speech "Food Safety—a World-wide Challenge" by Dr. Gro Harlem Brundtland, former Director-general of World Health Organization, Uppsala, Sweden)（分数：25.00）__________________________________________________________________________________________ 正确答案：()解析：女士们，先生们： 10年前，食品安全还没有引起欧洲人的关注。
英语翻译二级笔译实务模拟试题及答案解析(2)
英语翻译二级笔译实务模拟试题及答案解析（2）(1/2)Section ⅠEnglish-Chinese TranslationTranslate the following two passages into Chinese.Part A Compulsory Translation第1题LONDON—Webster's Dictionary defines plague as "anything that afflicts or troubles; calamity; scourge." Further definitions include "any contagious epidemic disease that is deadly; esp., bubonic plague" and, from the Bible, "any of various calamities sent down as divine punishment." The verb form means "to vex; harass; trouble; torment."In Albert Camus' novel, The Plague, written soon after the Nazi occupation of France, the first sign of the epidemic is rats dying in numbers: "They came up from basements and cubby-holes, cellars and drains, in long swaying lines; they staggered in the light, collapsed and died, right next to people. At night, in corridors and side-streets, one could clearly hear the tiny squeaks as they expired. In the morning, on the outskirts of town, you would find them stretched out in the gutter with a little floret of blood on their pointed muzzles, some blown up and rotting, other stiff, with their whiskers still standing up."The rats are messengers, but—human nature being what it is—their message is not immediately heeded. Life must go on. There are errands to run, money to be made. The novel is set in Oran, an Algerian coastal town of commerce and lassitude, where the heat rises steadily to the point that the sea changes color, deep blue turning to a "sheen of silver or iron, making it painful to look at." Even when people start to die—their lymph nodes swollen, blackish patches spreading on their skin, vomiting bile, gasping for breath—the authorities' response is hesitant. The word "plague" is almost unsayable. In exasperation, the doctor-protagonist tells a hastily convened health commission: "I don't mind the form of words. Let's just say that we should not act as though half the town were not threatened with death, because then it would be."The sequence of emotions feels familiar. Denial is followed by faint anxiety, which is followed by concern, which is followed by fear, which is followed by panic. The phobia is stoked by the sudden realization that there are uncontrollable dark forces, lurking in the drains and the sewers, just beneath life's placid surface. The disease is a leveler, suddenly everyone is vulnerable, and the moral strength of each individual is tested. The plague is on everyone's minds, when it's not in their bodies. Questions multiply: What is the chain of transmission? How to isolate the victims?Plague and epidemics are a thing of the past, of course they are. Physical contact has been cut to a minimum in developed societies. Devices and their digital messages direct our lives. It is not necessary to look into someone's eyes let alone touch their skin in order to become, somehow, intimate. Food is hermetically sealed. Blood, secretions, saliva, pus, bodily fluids—these are things with which hospitals deal, not matters of daily concern.A virus contracted in West Africa, perhaps by a man hunting fruit bats in a tropical forest to feed his family, and cutting the bat open, cannot affect a nurse in Dallas, Texas, who has been wearing protective clothing as she tended a patient who died. Except that it does. "Pestilence is in fact very common," Camus observes, "but we find it hard to believe in a pestilence when it descends upon us."The scary thing is that the bat that carries the virus is not sick. It is simply capable of transmitting the virus in the right circumstances. In other words, the virus is always lurking even if invisible. Itis easily ignored until it is too late.Pestilence, of course, is a metaphor as well as a physical fact. It is not just blood oozing from gums and eyes, diarrhea and vomiting. A plague had descended on Europe as Camus wrote. The calamity and slaughter were spreading through the North Africa where he had passed his childhood. This virus hopping today from Africa to Europe to the United States has come in a time of beheadings and unease. People put the phenomena together as denial turns to anxiety and panic. They sense the stirring of uncontrollable forces. They want to be wrong but they are not sure they are.At the end of the novel, the doctor contemplates a relieved throng that has survived: "He knew that this happy crowd was unaware of something that one can read in books, which is that the plague bacillus never dies or vanishes entirely, that it can remain dormant for dozens of years in furniture or clothing, that it waits patiently in bedrooms, cellars, trunks, handkerchiefs and old papers, and that perhaps the day will come when, for the instruction or misfortune of mankind, the plague will rouse its rats and send them to die in some well-contented city."下一题(2/2)Section ⅠEnglish-Chinese TranslationTranslate the following two passages into Chinese.Part A Compulsory Translation第2题PARIS-When France won its second Nobel Prize in less than a week on Monday, this time for economics, Prime Minister Manuel Valls quickly took to Twitter, insisting with no shortage of pride that the accomplishment was a loud rebuke for those who say that France is a nation in decline."After Patrick Modiano, another Frenchman in the firmament: Congratulations to Jean Tirole!" Mr. Valls wrote. "What a way to thumb one's nose at French bashing! Proud of France."Some in the country were already giddy after Mr. Modiano, a beloved author, whose concise and moody novels are often set in France during the Nazi occupation, won the Nobel Prize for literature last week. The award helped to raise the global stature of Mr. Modiano, whose three books published in the United States—two novels and a children's book—before the Nobel had collectively sold fewer than 8,000 copies.Joining in the chorus, Le Monde suggested in an editorial that at a time of rampant French-bashing, Mr. Modiano's achievement was something of a vindication for a country where Nobel Prizes in literature flow more liberally than oil. Mr. Modiano was the 15th French writer, including Sartre and Camus, to win the award.Yet this being France, a country where dissatisfaction can be worn like an accessory, some intellectuals, economists and critics greeted the awards with little more than a shrug at a time when the economy has been faltering, Paris has lost influence to Berlin and Brussels, the far-right National Front has been surging, and Francois Hollande has become one of the most unpopular French presidents in recent history. Others sniffed haughtily that while France was great at culture, it remained economically and politically prostrate.Even Mr. Modiano may have unintentionally captured the national mood when, informed of his prize by his editor, he said he found it "strange" and wanted to know why the Nobel committee had selected him.Even Mr. Modiano may have unintentionally captured the national mood when, informed of hisprize by his editor, he said he found it "strange" and wanted to know why the Nobel committee had selected him.Alain Finkielkraut, a professor of philosophy at the elite 图片Polytechnique, who recently published a book criticizing what he characterized as France's descent into conformity and multiculturalism, said that rather than showing that France was on the ascent, the fetishizing of the Nobel Prizes by the French political elite revealed the country's desperation."I find the idea that the Nobels are being used as a riposte to French-bashing idiotic," he said. "Our education system is totally broken, and the Nobel Prize doesn't change anything. I have a lot of affection for Mr. Modiano, but I think Philip Roth deserved it much more. To talk that all in France is going well and that the pessimism is gone is absurd. France is doing extremely badly. There is an economic crisis. There is a crisis of integration. I am not going to be consoled by these medals made of chocolate."Robert Frank, a history professor emeritus at the University of Paris 1—Sorbonne, and the author of The Fear of Decline, France From 1914 to 2014, echoed that the self-aggrandizement that had greeted the prizes among the French establishment reflected a country lacking in self-confidence. In earlier centuries, he noted, the prize had been greeted as something obvious.When French writers or intellectuals won Nobels in the mid-20th century, "there was no jolt at that time, because France still saw itself as important, so there wasn't much to add to that," he said. "Today, it may help some people to show that France still counts in certain places in the world. This doesn't fix the crisis of unemployment, however, that is sapping this society."In academic economic circles, Mr. Tirole's winning the 2014 Nobel in economic science for his work on the best way to regulate large, powerful firms, was greeted as a fitting tribute to a man whose work had exerted profound influence. It added to an already prominent year for French economists, as seen from Thomas Piketty's book, Capital in the Twenty-First Century, which became an immediate best-seller when translated into English six months ago.Mr. Tirole's work gained particular attention after the 2008 financial crisis, which revealed problems in the regulation of financial firms in the United States and Europe.But some noted the paradox of the award going to an economist from a nation where the economy was less than shimmering, and where many businesses and critics bemoan a culture of excessive red tape.Others like Sean Safford, an associate professor of economic sociology at Institut 图片Politiques de Paris, the elite institute for political studies known as Sciences Po, said Mr. Tirole, a professor of economics at the University of Toulouse in France, was notable for coming at a time of economic malaise and brain drain, when so many of the country's brightest are emigrating elsewhere in Europe or to the United States. "The average French person, who is struggling to pay the bills, is not going to rejoice," he said.At a time when France is trying to overhaul its social model amid withering resistance to change, others said the award had laid bare the country's abiding stratification between a small, hyper-educated elite and the rest of the country.Peter Gumbel, a British journalist living in France who most recently wrote a book on French elitism, said that while the prize would provide some sense of national validation, the two men did not reflect the country as a whole."Undoubtedly the French ecosystem produces incredibly smart people at the very top end, whoare capable of winning prizes, and who fall into a grand tradition, and that is what the French school system is geared to Produce," he said.上一题下一题(1/2)Section ⅡChinese-English TranslationThis section consists of two parts, Part A—"Compulsory Translation" and Part B— "Choice of Two Translations" consisting of two sections "Topic 1" and "Topic 2". For the passage in Part A and your choice of passages in Part B, translate the underlined portions, including titles, into English. Above your translation of Part A, write "Compulsory Translation" and above your translation from Part B, write "Topic 1" or "Topic 2".第3题中国是一个有着悠久历史的国家，一个经历了深重苦难的国家，一个实行中国特色社会主义制度的国家，一个世界上最大的发展中国家和正在发生深刻变革的国家。
2019年6月全国翻译专业资格（水平）考试二级口译实务真题（人事部CATTI考试）
2019年6⽉全国翻译专业资格（⽔平）考试⼆级⼝译实务真题（⼈事部CATTI考试）2019年6⽉全国翻译专业资格（⽔平）考试英语⼆级《⼝译实务》试题Section 1: English-Chinese translation(英译汉)(50points) Passage 1When I came here last year, it was 9 months after the agreement was signed by OPEC members and non-OPEC countries. Now we have been out of 3 years of recession. cooperation between 25 countries has helped bring back stability, having a positive impact on world economy and trade. In the past 20 months, the change in the situations is like day and night. However, it’s not the time for us to rest on the success. We should continue to build a healthy and stable market. Despite the recovery, there are still factors that are out of our control: geopolitical crises, disputes between countries and natural disasters. It is important for us to handle these risks and it is crucial to the market in the short term and in the long term.We are in support of the Paris Agreement, which is the most important document about climate change and sustainable energy. Historically, people think renewable energy is the only choice for the future, but I think this idea is misleading. Actually, we need a diversity of energy sources, rather than just one source.New renewable energy sources like solar and wind power are developing rapidly and the share of hydroelectric power remains stable. By 2040, renewable energy will account for 19% in the global energy mix. Nuclear power will represent 6%. That means 3/4 of the energy supply will have to be found elsewhere. So oil is still important.Global energy demand is predicted to increase by 30%, in order to meet the needs of economic development and increased population. 3 billion people need energy for cooking, and there are still 1 billion people lacking electricity. Energy supply can have no holidays. It is a 24h service. Energy supply has to be reliable, stable and sustainable.Passage 2What is human resources capital index? It is a statistic tool for measuring how a country prepares its people for the challenges in the future. We can’t wait any more,though I know some countries may not feel happy about its ranking.In the past years, many countries have invested much in infrastructure, such as roads, bridges and airports. This is because the social and political benefits of investment in infrastructure are apparent. However, it takes years to see the benefits of investment in human resources, so there is a great gap in countries’ investment in human resources capital, and the gap is likely to widen.The focus of our index is to ask 3 questions: first, how many children in a country can live to 5 years old? second, after reaching the age of 5, how many children go to school? third, when these young people go to the job market, how many have received sufficient training, which lays a good foundation for live-long learning. If children are provided with nutritious food and good health care, they will then request advanced education. However, in many countries, children face chronic lack of nutritious food, health care and school. If their brains don’t develop fully, later when they enter the job market they will be in a disadvantageous situation.If a country doesn’t invest in human resources capital, its economic output cannot increase, and it cannot compete with other countries. Most of my life has been spent on investment in human resources capital in developing countries, and I have seen how the lack of investment in human resources capital has brought miseries. We call on donors to contribute more to these developing countries. However, we should also recognize that the huge needs cannot be met just by foreign aide. It is more important that the developing countries improve their own ability.Investment in human resources capital is important. Developing countries should improve air quality, provide clean water, school bus service, health care and social security.Section 2: Chinese-English translation(汉译英)(50points) Passage 1改⾰开放40年来，中国的经济发展取得了巨⼤成就，已经成为世界第⼆⼤经济体。
2023年catti二级笔译实务试题英语
2023年catti二级笔译实务试题英语Title: 2023 CATTI Level II Written Translation Practice ExamIntroductionThe CATTI (China Accreditation Test for Translators and Interpreters) is a prestigious translation and interpretation certification exam in China. It is highly respected in the translation industry and is recognized by employers and government agencies. The Level II Written Translation Practice Exam is a crucial step for aspiring translators to demonstrate their proficiency in translation.InstructionsIn this practice exam, you will be given a set of three translation tasks. Each task will consist of a Chinese text that you need to translate into English. You will have 90 minutes to complete the entire exam. Please read the instructions carefully before starting each task.Task 1Translate the following Chinese text into English:任务一：中美关系面临复杂局面，需要双方共同努力解决分歧。
全国翻译专业资格(水平)考试英语二级笔译实务历年真题(2016-2018年含官方参考译文CATTI)
笔者 2019 年 7 月 2 日
3
全国翻译专业资格（水平）考试英语二级笔译实务真题（官方原版含译文）编辑：李振龙
2018 年 11 月全国翻译专业资格（水平）考试
英语二级《笔译实务》试卷
Section1:English-Chinesetranslation(英译汉)(50points)
2
全国翻译专业资格（水平）考试英语二级笔译实务真题（官方原版含译文）编辑：李振龙
编辑说明
《全国翻译专业资格（水平）考试》是全国实行统一、面向社会的、国内最 具权威的翻译专业资格考试（认证），是对参试人员口译或笔译方面双语互译能 力和水平的认定。截止 2019 年之前官方（中国外文局）从未公布历年考试真题， 2019 年 4 月首次公布真题，但由于定价太高，且网络虽散见历年回忆版试题， 但并不完整，且错误较多，不利于考生复习备考。故笔者收集整理校对近三年《二 级笔译实务》真题，供广大参加翻译专业考试人员参考使用。
Passage 1
New drone footage gives a glimpse of the damage that parts of Hawaii's Big Island sustained in the wake of volcanic explosions in recent days. Smoke can be seen billowing off the lava as it creeps down roads and through wooded areas toward homes. Fires are visible with terrifying streams of brightness breaking through the surrounding areas of black. After a day of relative calm, Kilauea roared back in full force on Sunday, spewing lava 3,00 feet in the air, encroaching on a half mile of new ground and bringing the total number of destroyed structures to 35.
翻译二级口译实务-环境保护(Environmental+Protection)
翻译二级口译实务-环境保护(Environmental Protection)(总分：200.00，做题时间：90分钟)一、{{B}}英译汉{{/B}}(总题数：4，分数：100.00)1.{{B}} Passage 1{{/B}} To me, the most interesting and immediate question is not whether the United States will ratify the Kyoto Protocol, but whether other parties are prepared to work toward that goal. The next few months will determine whether other patties choose an agreement on their terms without the United States, or whether they prefer an agreement that may require some compromise of ideological positions, but will in fact be effective and will include the United States. // I believe the EU and others, for a number of reasons, will conclude that its interests and those of the environment lie in crafting an agreement that the United States can support. The United States accounts for approximately 25% of global industrial emissions. Any agreement that excludes the United States will not control global warming. In addition, European businesses may wonder why they are asked to assume significant new climate change obligations if U.S. competitors are not going to be subject to roughly the same rules. // I might note two additional factors relevant here: first, the idea of emissions trading is growing in popularity in capitals on the continent, and also in London and Brussels. Second, economists are warning that few countries, with the notable exception of the United Kingdom, are on track to meet their Kyoto commitments. I am hopeful that these forces will allow governments at COP-6 to mold the Protocol into a sensible, practical shape, one which the United States can support. // Let me say a word more about developing country's participation because this is an area where the United States is frequently misunderstood. The undeniable fact is that climate change is a global problem that requires a global solution. To be sure, industrialization in the North contributed enormously to increased greenhouse gas concentrations. Developed countries, including the Untied States, must take significant steps immediately. // Acting alone, however, developed countries cannot stabilize global greenhouse gas concentrations. From a scientific standpoint, meaningful participation by key developing countries is a necessity. Several large developing countries will soon become the world's leading emitters. Developing countries already produce 44% of global fossil fuel emissions. In addition, developing countries are responsible for a disproportionate share of deforestation and other land-use practices that have raised carbon concentrations. // Per capita energy intensity ratios in some, not all, developing countries continue to rise briskly, despite the existence of clean technologies that were not invented when developed countries were industrialized. In the immediate future, 80% of new electric power generation projects will occur in developing countries. All of us want those projects to use the latest cutting edge technologies. // I mention these facts not to bicker about past or future responsibility, for that detracts from our common cause of halting global warming, but to highlight the need for all countries to be a part of the solution. // In a very real sense, developing countries have the most to gain from an effective Protocol in which all the industrialized countries participate. For developing countries, unfortunately, have the least capacity to adapt to climate change. The longer we wait, the harder it will be to stabilize greenhouse gas concentrations at acceptable levels and the harder these countries will be hit. // The 1992 UN Framework Convention on Climate Change points the way: each nation should take national and international steps commensurate with its capacity to contribute to the global solution based on the principle of "common but differentiated responsibilities". // Many developing countries have taken significant unilateral action already. China, for example, has sought to conserve energy and reduce emissions growth while simultaneously raising living standards dramatically. Without price reforms and energy efficiency gains, China's emissions would be more than 50% higher than they are now. // We recognize, moreover, that some developing countries may lack the capacity to assume and implement legally binding emissionstargets at this time. For these countries, other types of action would be appropriate at present. All developing countries should explore opportunities under the Clean Development Mechanism, adopt sound national policies on energy and land use, and pursue other climate-friendly measures under the Framework Convention. // The negotiating histories of both the Framework Convention and Kyoto Protocol demonstrate general agreement on the need to mitigate climate change while allowing for continued economic growth. The Untied States believes this formula remains the key to securing developing country action. Developing countries are finding in the Kyoto Protocol avenues to pursue their development and environmental goals simultaneously. There is a growing recognition of the potential of the Clean Development Mechanism to direct advanced technology and major capital flows to the developing world. // (Excerpts from "Under Secretary of State Loy on Kyoto Protocol" made by former Under Secretary of State for Global Affairs Frank E. Loy to American Bar Association Conference)（分数：25.00）__________________________________________________________________________________________ 正确答案：()解析：对我来说，最关心和最迫切的问题不是美国能否批准《京都议定书》，而是其他参与国是否会朝这个目标努力。
CATTI二级笔译实务模拟题
全国翻译专业资格（水平）考试英语二级笔译实务模拟试题Section 1: English-Chinese Translation (英译汉)This section consists of two parts, Part A - "Compulsory Translation" and Part B - "Choice of Two Translations" consisting of two sections "Topic 1" and "Topic 2". For the passage in Part A and your choice of passages in Part B, translate the underlined portions, including titles, into Chinese. Above your translation of Part A, write "Compulsory Translation" and above your translation from Part B, write "Topic 1" or "Topic 2" and write your translations on the ANSWER SHEET (60 points, 100 minutes).Part A Compulsory Translation (必译题)（30 points）The Dreadlock DeadlockIn the fall of 1993 Christopher Polk transferred from FedEx's hub in Indianapolis to take over a delivery route in Flatbush District, Brooklyn, N.Y. But moving to the country's largest community of Caribbean and African immigrants only precipitated a far more profound journey. "I was becoming culturally aware of the history of the black people," says Polk, now 31, "and that gave me these spiritual questions." His answer came providentially, by way of a music video featuring Lord Jamal, who raps about the Rastafarian belief in the sanctity of dreadlocks - the cords of permanently interlocked strands first worn by African chiefs perhaps 6,000 years ago.Now a practicing Rastafarian, Polk sports thick garlands that gently cascade onto his shoulders. "Your hair is your covenant," he says. "Once you grow your locks, it puts you on a path."Unfortunately, that path was a collision course with Federal Express's grooming policy, which requires men to confine their dos to "a reasonable style." After years of deliberation, Polk's bosses gave him a choice: shear his locks or be transferred to a lower-paid job with no customer contact. He refused both options and was terminated in June 2000.His tale is not unique. Although Rastafarians number about 5,000 nationally, today dreadlocks, twists or braids are at the height of fashion, nearly as common as Afros were 30 years ago. If Afros symbolized militancy, dreads signal a more spiritual self-declaration, a figurative locking with African ancestors. As Stanford professor Kennell Jackson, who teaches a course called "African Coiffures and Their New World Legacies," puts it, "There's a divinity to these locks."Divine or not, some employers consider them unacceptably outré. Six other New York-area FedEx employees have lost their jobs because of dreadlocks. They have sued, alleging religious discrimination; the U.S. Equal Employment Opportunity Commission and New York's attorney general have also charged FedEx with violating religious protections in the Civil Rights Act.The dreadlock deadlock may be easing. FedEx altered its policy slightly a few weeks ago: in the future, observant employees who seek a waiver may wear their locks tucked under uniform hats, says a company spokeswoman. The concession isn't enough to settle the lawsuits yet. The EEOC also wantsreinstatement for the fired drivers, says trial attorney Michael Ranis. He's optimistic. Some new styles, he knows, grow more appealing over time.Part B Choice of Two Translations (二选一题)（30 points）Topic 1 (选题一)Eurasians: The New Face of AsiaFusion is in, not only as an abstract fashion concept, but in that most grounded of realities: mixed-blood people who walk, talk, and produce even more multiracial progeny. Most strange of all, these hybrids are finding themselves hailed as role models for vast masses in Asia with no mixed blood at all. "When I think of Asia, I don't necessarily think of people who look like me," says Declan Wong, a Chinese-Dutch-American actor and producer, "But somehow we've become the face that sells the new Asia."So maybe Asia's Eurasian craze is driven by the theories of that whitest of white men, economist Adam Smith. As the world gets smaller, we look for a global marketing mien, a one-size-fits-all face that helps us sell Nokia cell phones and Palmolive shampoo across the world."For any business, you can't think locally anymore," says Paul Lau, general manager at Elite Model Management in Hong Kong, who has built up a stable of Eurasians for his internationally minded clients. "At the very least, you need to think regionally. Ideally, you should think globally." A global image helps sell products, even if no one but Filipinos would ever want to buy duck-fetus eggs or Thais the most pungent variety of shrimp paste. Yanto Zainal, president of Macs909, a boutique ad agency in Jakarta, used all indos for a campaign for the local Matahari department store chain. "The store wanted to promote a more cosmopolitan image," he says. "Indos have an international look but can still be accepted as Indonesian."Channel V, the Asia-wide music television channel, was one of the first to broadcast the message of homogenized hybridism. "We needed a messenger that would fit in from Tokyo to the Middle East." Says Jonnifer Seeto, regional sales marketing manager for the channel, which began beaming its border-busting images in 1994. Star Veejay Asha Gill personifies the global look. When asked what her ethnic heritage is, Gill, a Malaysian citizen, simply shrugs. "Oh, who knows," she says. "I'm half Punjabi, mixed with some English, a little French and dribs and drabs of God knows what else." The 29-year-old speaks crisp British English, fluent Malay, and a smidgen of Punjabi. She grew up in a Kuala Lumpur neighborhood that was mostly Chinese, attended an English-speaking school and was pals with Malay and Indian kids. Gill's Channel V show, broadcast in English, has a strong following in Malaysia, Japan and the United Arab Emirates. "I'm Hitler's worst nightmare," she says. "My ethnicity and profession make me a global person who can't be defined in just one category."Topic 2 (选题二)MatterLook at all the things around us: chairs, desks, cupboards, papers and pensin our classroom; motor cars, bicycles and buses in the streets; trees, plants and animals in the countryside; birds, aeroplanes and clouds in the sky; f ishes, seaweeds and corals in the sea; stars, the moon and the sun in outer space. These and all other things including the human body, are examples of matter. Matter is anything that takes up space and has weight.What is Matter Made of?Since ancient times, learned men or philosophers have thought about matter and what it is made up of. One group of philosophers thought that matter was made up of a substance called "hyle" (实质). Another group of philosophers said that matter was made up of four substances, namely earth, water, air and fire. A third group believed that matter was made up of very tiny particles which were too small to be seen. These particles were so small that they could never be further divided into smaller particles. They gave the particles the name atoms which means "those which cannot be divided." The difference between the various kinds of atoms and the ways in which they were joined were supposed to result in the different kinds of matter.All these ideas arose purely from the mind and were not based on investigation. For many years, people believed in the second idea. But actually it is the third idea that is nearer to our present concept of matter.Dalton's Atomic TheoryIn the early nineteenth century, Dalton, an English school teacher, stated in this atomic theory that matter was made up of tiny, indivis ible particles, which he also called atoms. His laboratory work showed him that atoms could neither be divided into smaller parts nor could they be destroyed. He pictured matter as being made up of tiny solid spherical atoms. Today the idea of the atoms has been accepted. But further work has shown that contrary to Dalton's findings, atoms are made up of even smaller particles.Section 2: Chinese-English Translation (汉译英)This section consists of two parts, Part A —— "Compulsory Translation" and Part B - "Choice of Two Translations" consisting of two sections "Topic 1" and "Topic 2". For the passage in Part A and your choice of passages in Part B, translate the underlined portions, including titles, into English. Above your translation of Part A, write "Compulsory Translation" and above your translation from Part B, write "Topic 1" or "Topic 2" and write your translations on the ANSWER SHEET (40 points, 80 minutes).Part A Compulsory Translation (必译题)（20 points）中国政府高度重视人口与发展问题，将人口与发展问题作为国民经济和社会发展总体规划的重要组成部分列入议事日程，始终强调人口增长与经济社会发展相适应，与资源利用和环境保护相协调。
俄语口译二级(交替传译)考试大纲(2020版)
全国翻译专业资格（水平）考试俄语口译二级（交替传译）考试大纲一、总论全国翻译专业资格（水平）考试俄语口译二级考试设置“口译综合”和“口译实务（交替传译）”两个科目。
应试人员须：1、遵守中华人民共和国宪法和法律法规，贯彻落实党和国家方针政策；2、具有良好的职业道德，具有推动翻译行业发展的职业使命感和一般推动作用，具备较强的翻译专业能力和业务技能；3、具备较强的敬业精神，热爱本职工作，认真履行岗位职责。
二、考试目的检验应试者能否独立承担本专业较高难度的口译工作。
三、基本要求应试人员应做到：1、具备扎实的语言基础和较好的双语表达能力，熟练掌握6000个以上俄语单词；2、较透彻了解中国、涉俄语国家和地区的社会、历史、文化等背景情况；掌握较深厚的多领域相关专业知识；3、较好掌握翻译理论，较熟练运用各类高级翻译方法；4、较及时、准确地表达交谈各方的原意，语音、语调正确；5、胜任各种正式场合3—5分钟间隔的交替传译。
四、口译综合（一）考试目的检验应试人员应具备的俄语听力理解能力和信息处理能力。
（二）考试基本要求1、具备较高难度场合所需的俄语听力理解、信息获取与处理及语言表达能力；2、熟练运用口译听力综合技巧、俄语文法规则，结合相关背景知识，及时做出较准确判断和正确选择，无明显错漏。
五、口译实务（交替传译）（一）考试目的检验应试人员掌握与运用中外语互译的能力。
（二）基本要求1、较熟练运用口译技巧，准确、完整地表达源语70%以上信息，无明显错译、漏译；2、发音正确，吐字清晰；语流顺畅，语速适中；3、语言较规范，无过多文法错误。
俄语口译二级（交替传译）考试模块设置一览表《口译综合能力》序号题型题量记分时间(分钟)1听力理解判断10题1060选择句子选项20题20篇章选项15题30听力综述听约500个单词俄语录音材料后写一篇不少于150个单词的俄语综述40总计————100《口译实务》（交替传译）序号题型题量记分时间(分钟) 1俄汉交替传译总量约1000个单词的俄语录音材料两篇5060总量约1000个汉字的汉2汉俄交替传译50语录音材料两篇总计————100。
国家人事部二级口译
国家人事部二级口译
国家人事部二级口译考试，全称为“全国翻译专业资格（水平）考试二级口译”，英文缩写为“CATTI-2”。
该考试是一项国家级翻译职业资格考试，由国家人事部统一组织实施。
该考试要求考生具备扎实的双语基础、广博的知识储备、丰富的实践经验和良好的口译技巧。
考试主要测试考生的口译综合能力、口译实务能力和口语表达能力。
考试分为口译综合能力和口译实务两个科目，每个科目满分100分，60分以上（含60分）为合格。
考试合格后，可获得国家人事部颁发的二级口译证书，该证书是从事口译工作的职业资格证书，具有很高的含金量和实用性。
二级口译考试主要适用于从事专业翻译工作的人员，如各语种的外交人员、商务人员、国际会议翻译等。
同时，也适用于具有一定外语基础和翻译能力的人员，如高校外语教师、涉外企事业单位工作人员等。
英语翻译二级口译实务模拟试题及答案解析(9)
英语翻译二级口译实务模拟试题及答案解析（9）(1/2)Part ⅠInterpret the following passages from English into Chinese. You will hear this signal to tell you when you start interpreting. Now let's begin.第1题Passage 2 I am very pleased to welcome so many of you to this Global Compact Summit. This is the largest and highest-level gathering of leaders from business, labor and civil society ever held at. the United Nations. Indeed, far more of you were determined to attend than we anticipated in our wildest estimations. Our apologies go to those we could accommodate only in an overflow room, and to others whom, I regret, the limitations of space made it impossible for us to accommodate at all. //Dear friends, we are travelers on a common, historic journey. We meet as stakeholders of the Global Compact, which has become by far the world´s largest initiative promoting global corporate citizenship. Of all such efforts, the Global Compact alone is based on universal principles that have been accepted by all the world´s leaders. And more than any other, it engages the developing countries, which are home to haft its participating fro, as, two thirds of its national networks—and four fifths of humanity. //We come together in a spirit of cooperation and dialogue. We want to share experiences in implementing the Compact, building on lessons learned, and generate new ideas for its future directions. What is our ultimate destination? A world held together by strong bonds of community, where today there are only tenuous market transactions. A world in which the gaps between the rich and poor countries grow narrower, not wider, and where globalization provides opportunities for all people, not only the few. A world in which economic activities coexist in harmony with, and reinforce, human rights, decent working conditions, environmental sustainability and good governance. //There is much good news to report about the journey so far. Four years ago, fewer than fifty companies met here at the United Nations to launch the Global Compact. Today, nearly 1,500 firms participate, from 70 countries. So, too, do the major international labor federations, representing more than 150 million workers worldwide. Fifty leaders of transnational non-governmental organizations, North and South, are also with us today, as are senior officials from some 20 countries. The number of core United Nations agencies involved in the Compact has also grown from three to five, and their executive heads are here as well. //下一题(2/2)Part ⅠInterpret the following passages from English into Chinese. You will hear this signal to tell you when you start interpreting. Now let's begin.第2题Passage 2 下面你将听到的这段讲话，主题是香港廉政公署和国际刑警组织如何共同合作打击贪污。
全国翻译专业资格(水平)考试介绍及相关信息1
全国翻译专业资格（水平）考试介绍及相关信息一、考试性质全国翻译专业资格（水平）考试（China Accreditation Test for Translators and Interpreters -- CA TTI）是受国家人力资源和社会保障部委托，由中国外文出版发行事业局(China Foreign Languages Publishing Administration)负责实施与管理的一项国家级职业资格考试，已纳入国家职业资格证书制度，是一项在全国实行的、统一的、面向全社会的翻译专业资格（水平）认证，是对参试人员口译或笔译方面双语互译能力和水平的评价与认定。
翻译专业资格（水平）考试，是我国翻译系列职称评审制度的重大改革。
翻译专业资格（水平）考试与原有翻译专业技术职务任职资格评审制度相比，更体现了科学、客观、公平、公正的原则，报名参加考试人员不受学历、资历和所从事专业的限制。
取得各级别证书并符合翻译专业职务任职条件的人员，用人单位可根据需要聘任相应职务。
在资格考试体系尚未完全建立之前，新旧体系会有一个并存期。
翻译专业资格考试将分语种、分级别地逐步推开，随着考试逐步推向全国，旧有的翻译专业技术职务任职资格评审制度将逐渐退出历史舞台。
二、考试目的设立这一考试的目的是为适应我国经济发展和加入世界贸易组织的需要，加强我国外语翻译专业人才队伍建设，科学、客观、公正地评价翻译专业人才水平和能力，同时进一步规范翻译市场，加强对翻译行业的管理，使之更好地与国际接轨，从而为我国的对外开放服务。
三、考试报名条件该考试是一项面向全社会的职业资格考试，凡是遵守中华人民共和国宪法和法律，恪守职业道德，具有一定外语水平的人员，不分年龄、学历、资历和身份，均可报名参加相应语种二、三级的考试。
获准在华就业的外籍人员及港、澳、台地区的专业人员，也可参加报名。
四、考试语种考试分7个语种，分别是英、日、法、阿拉伯、俄、德、西班牙等语种；四个等级，即：资深翻译；一级口译、笔译翻译；二级口译、笔译翻译；三级口译、笔译翻译；两大类别，即：笔译、口译，口译又分交替传译和同声传译两个专业类别。