非谓语动词作定语和状语
非谓语动词作定语和状语
(4)表示让步 表示让步 Admitting what she has said, I still think that she hasn't tried her best. (5)表示结果 表示结果 It rained heavily, causing severe flooding in that country. It rained for two weeks on end, completely ruining our holiday. (6)表示方式或伴随情况 表示方式或伴随情况 He ran up to her breathing heavily. Please fill in the form, giving your name, address, etc.
高三英语总复习语法专项训练
非谓语动词作定语和状语
宝安高级中学高三英语备课组
一、非谓语动词的概念
非谓语动词是指动词不定式、动名词和分词。 非谓语动词是指动词不定式、动名词和分词。 它们是动词的非限定形式。 它们是动词的非限定形式。 在句子中它们起着一些特殊的作用。 在句子中它们起着一些特殊的作用Байду номын сангаас 以下简要介绍它们各自的构成、作用及应用。 以下简要介绍它们各自的构成、作用及应用。
4. 作独立成分 有些固定词组带to不定式 表明说话人的立场或态度, 不定式, 有些固定词组带 不定式 表明说话人的立场或态度 在句中作 独立成分。这些词有: 独立成分。这些词有 to be honest ； to begin with ； to cut a long story short, to get (back) to the point ； not to make much of it, to put it another way ； to tell the truth 等。 To tell you the truth, I have never been to Beijing. To be honest, I have never heard of Winston Churchill.
非谓语动词作定语,状语 课件-2022届高三英语一轮复习
简单句
例： A team of researchers working together in the
laboratory would submit the results of their research to a journal.
翻 译 ： 实验室中.一起工作的一组研究人员将他们的研究结果呈
翻译：被大卫的行为所鼓舞，人们勇敢地和敌人作斗争。
讲解2：此句 中Inspire和the people之间的关系为被动（意思
是“人们被鼓舞”，而不是 “人们去鼓舞别人”），所以把它 变成表示被动形式的非谓语Inspired。后再加上介词短语by （ 强调被谁 鼓 舞 ），就构成非谓语动词的词组 Inspired by David's behavior用来补充说明整个句子。
讲 解 2 ： 注意：非谓语动词不一定是一个词,.还可以加上修饰和
补充的成分。此句中表达“一起工作”，在working后加上了
together,而且补充了地点in the laboratory,所以写成了一个非
谓语词组working together in the laboratory，修饰名词词组
翻译：这也引发了关于“价值”（涉及“价值”）的问题
讲解1：句中It raises 一主一谓已经搭配好，所以多余的
动词concern要变成非谓语动词。由于concern修饰前面 名词questions,且与该名词的关系为主动（意思是“问题 涉及，而不是问题被涉及）,所以把它变成主动形式的非 谓语concerning。
词make要变为非谓语。由于它修饰整 个句子，表达make和句 子主语People之间的关系为主动（意思是“人们去做决定”， 而不是 “人们被决定”），所以把它变成非谓语动词making make为及物动词，要后接宾语，再加 上修饰的形容词，就构成 非谓语动词的词组making individual decisions修饰句子。
非谓语动词作定语和状语
3.分词作定语与动词不定式作定语的区别是： 现在分词表示主动、进行之意；过去分词表 示被动与完成；而不定式表示在谓语动词表 示的动作之后即将发生的动作。例如：
①The question __d_is_c_u_s_s_e_d_ (discuss) at the meeting
yesterday is of quite importance.
语
C 7修). A饰m主a语n ifslobweeinrsg。questioned in relation to the
________ murder last night. （04江苏）
A. advised
B. attended
C. attempted D. admitted
“谋杀”只能被预谋，故该用过去分词作定语表示被动。
C 1) Some of the experiments ____ in the book
are easy to perform.
A. describing B. to be described
C. described D. to describe
2) It is said that Beijing University was the first
C Figure” award, a title _____ to ordinary
people for their contributions to
environmental protection.
A. being given B. is given
C. given
D. was given
不定式（to do)
②The question _b_e_i_n_g__d_is_c_u_s_s_e(ddiscuss) at the
非谓语动词做定语状语和主语的讲练
3. 为了通过期末考试，他熬夜到很晚，这导致他生病了。 事实上，对他来说短时间内取得大进步是很困难的。
3.你借给我如此多的书真是太好心了。
It is kind of you to lend me so many books.
4.如果你想学好英语，每天朗读半个小时是很重 要的。
It is very important to read English for half an hour every day if you want to learn English well.
非谓语动词做定语的练习
I. 语法填空单句练习：
1. We saw an exciting (excite) film last night. 2. The puzzled (puzzle) look on his face suggested that he didn’t know the lady at all. 3. That day, they had nothing to eat (eat).
To / In order to pass the final exam, he stayed up very late, resulting in his illness. In fact, it was rather difficult for him to make great/rapid progress in a short time.
非谓语动词做主语的练习
It is/was + adj. + (for/of sb.) to do sth. 1.对我们来说学好英语很有必要。
非谓语动词做定语和状语
doing 作定语
doing+ n./ pron. (多强调用途) drinking water walking stick reading room writing desk
n./ pron.+ doing短语
The man running over there is our chairman. They lived in a room facing the north thirty years ago.
Having turned off the radio, he began to go over his lessons.
After turning off the radio, he began to go over his lessons. After he had turned off the radio, he began to go over his lessons.
非
doing
谓语动词
to do
done
主语 to do done
定语
宾语
表语
状语
宾语补 足语
×
diong
×
n./ pron. + to do
Li Ming was the first person to arrive. He always has a lot of meetings to attend. He is looking for a room to live in.
不 定 式 作 状 语
表
目
的
表 原 因 表 结 果
非谓语动词作状语(3)
• 规律(二):
• 当v-ing形式作状语时， 要考虑时态与语态若它 所表示的动作发生在谓 语动作之前，需用 having done, • 如果表被动则用
having been done
3. He rushed to the train station, only ____ the train D had gone. A. finding B. found C. finds D. to find 4.European football is played in 80 countries, ____ A it the most popular sport in the world. (NMET1998) A. making B. makes C. made D. to make
三、动名词
动名词也是动词的一种非限定形式, 由动词原形加词尾-ing构成。 与现在分词构成法相同。它同时具有动词及名词特征。 以下主要介绍其做定语及状语的情况。 1. 作定语 None is allowed to smoke in the waiting room. The speeding car came to a stop all of a sudden. 2. 作状语 介词+动名词可以作状语用, 表示时间、原因、目的、让步、方 式等。例如： After finishing the job, he went home. They went to Manchester with the object of winning the World Championship. He was med for having done something wrong.
(二) 作状语 1. 作目的状语: 不定式作状语时, 其动作发生在谓语动词之后, 一般置于句子末 尾。但是, 如果表示强调, 亦可置于句首。 其否定形式为: 在不定式符号前加not。 He went to Shanghai to visit his parents. To save the earth, we must prevent the earth from being polluted. I shut the door quietly, so as not to wake the baby. 2. 作结果状语: We came home after our holiday to find our garden neat and tidy. She left home, never to return again. 3. 作原因状语: 不定式做原因状语时, 一般放在句子末尾。 She burst into laughter to see his funny action. The boy was shocked to see the frightening scene.
非谓语动词作定语和状语
非谓语动词※不定式、现在分词和过去分词作定语的区别：【典型例题】1．The picture _______ on the wall is painted by my nephew.A. having hungB. hangingC. hangsD. being hung2．The Olympic Games,______in 776 B.C., did not include women players until 1912.A. first playingB. to be first playedC. first playedD. to be first playing3．The first text books _______ for teaching English as a foreign language came out in the 16th century.A. having writtenB. to be writtenC. being writtenD. written【知识点拨】1．不定式作定语①不定式作定语常用于不定代词或被the first/next/only/last等修饰的名词和其他一些名词、代词之后。
其中，不定式的一般式通常表示一个将来或经常性的动作，完成式则表示该动作发生在谓语动词所表示的动作之前。
例如：She is always the first (one) to come and the last to leave.②如果作定语的不定式与被修饰的名词有动宾关系,在不及物动词后通常要加上适当的介词.例如：Let's first find a room to live in / to put the things in.We have nothing to worry about.(=There is nothing for us to worry about.)③不定式作定语修饰一个在逻辑上是其宾语名词时,若在句子中能找到该不定式的逻辑主语, 则该不定式多用主动表被动，否则，用被动式。
非谓语动词doing的用法总结
非谓语动词doing的用法总结
非谓语动词doing的用法总结如下：
1. 做主语：Doing exercises regularly helps improve physical fitness.
经常做运动有助于提高身体健康。
2. 做宾语：I enjoy doing yoga.
我喜欢做瑜伽。
3. 做定语：A living room is a place for doing various activities.
客厅是进行各种活动的地方。
4. 做补语：He kept on doing the same mistake.
他一直在犯着同样的错误。
5. 做状语：She left, doing her best to hide her tears.
她离开时，竭尽全力掩饰自己的眼泪。
6. 做同位语：Her favorite hobby, doing crossword puzzles, keeps her mind sharp.
她最喜欢的爱好——填字游戏，使她的头脑保持敏锐。
7. 做宾语补足语：We found him sitting alone in the park.
我们发现他独自坐在公园里。
总结：非谓语动词doing可以在句子中充当主语、宾语、定语、补语、状语、同位语以及宾语补足语的角色。
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一．非谓语动词※不定式、现在分词和过去分词作定语的区别：【知识点拨】1．不定式作定语①不定式作定语常用于不定代词或被the first/next/only/last等修饰的名词和其他一些名词、代词之后。
其中，不定式的一般式通常表示一个将来或经常性的动作，完成式则表示该动作发生在谓语动词所表示的动作之前。
例如：She is always the first (one) to come and the last to leave.②如果作定语的不定式与被修饰的名词有动宾关系,在不及物动词后通常要加上适当的介词.例如：Let's first find a room to live in / to put the things in.We have nothing to worry about.(=There is nothing for us to worry about.)③不定式作定语修饰一个在逻辑上是其宾语名词时,若在句子中能找到该不定式的逻辑主语, 则该不定式多用主动表被动，否则，用被动式。
例如：I have a lot of things to do today. ( I ... do ... things)2．-ing分词作定语①单个的-ing分词作定语一般前置,说明名词的性质、特征或用途等,-ing短语作定语一般后置；强调动作的单个-ing分词也常后置。
例如：a sleeping car ( = a car for sleeping )a sleeping child ( = a child who is sleeping )the boy standing there ( = the boy who is standing there )The girl singing is my classmate.②-ing分词作定语一般要求其动作与谓语动词所表示的动作同时发生或是在说话时该动作正在进行，否则，要用从句作定语。
例如：Do you know the boy talking ( = who is talking ) to the teacher?Did you notice the boy sitting ( = who was sitting ) at this deskyesterday?3．-ed分词作定语-ed分词作定语一般表示一个被动或已完成动作,-ing分词表示一个主动或正在进行的动作,-ing分词的被动式则表示一个正在被进行的动作。
例如：a developed/developing countryHe is a student loved by all the teachers.The building being built will be the third Teaching Building of our school.4．像定语从句一样，分词作定语也有非限制性的，其作用相当于一个非限制性定语从句。
例如：The students, wearing their school uniforms, marched into the playground.The substance, discovered almost by accident,has greatly changed the world.【知识过关】1. The computer center,______last year, is very popular among the students. in the school.A. openB. openingC. having openedD. opened2. Most of the artists _______ to the party were from South Africa.A. invitedB. to inviteC. being invitedD. had been invited3. There was a terrible noise _______ the sudden burst of light.A. followedB. followingC. to be followedD. being followed4. Do you know the boy_______ under the big tree?A. layB. lainC. layingD. lying5. Are you going to attend the meeting _______ tomorrow?A. to be heldB. being heldC. will be heldD. held※、不定式作定语不定式作定语一般有以下四种情形：⑴用于个体名词后，被修饰的名词作不定式的逻辑宾语, 同时句子的主语也是不定式动作的执行者。
这种情况下使用不定式的一般体：[例题]I can’t find a chair ________.A. to sitB. for to sit onC. to sit onD. for sittingI’m not sure which restaurant _______.A. to eat atB. eating atC. to eat onD. for eating⑵用于个体名词后，被修饰的名词作不定式的逻辑宾语, 但强调的是不定式动作的执行者、发生的时间或地点时，用不定式一般体的被动形式：例题FIFA has named the 36 referees for the 2012 FIFA World Cup _____ by South Korea and Jap an.A. to be co-hostedB. co-hostedC. being co-hostedD. co-h题 What countries do you think will be represented at the six-side peace talk ______ in Beiji ng next month?A. to holdB. holdingC. being heldD. to be held⑶用于个体名词后，和被修饰的名词作不定式的逻辑主语：[例题]She is the first person ________ the idea.A. think ofB. thinking ofC. to think ofD. thought ofThis report is urgent. We need someone ______ with the typing.A. helpingB. to helpC. helpedD. to be helped※、现在分词作定语现在分词作定语时，要注意分词所表示动作发生的时间。
大体说来，有下面两种情况：⑴分词表示正在进行的动作，改为定语从句时要用进行时态：[例题]I don`t know the man ________ over there.A. to standB. standingC. stoodD. being stoodIt seems that I once met with the man _____ us.A. servedB. being servedC. to have servedD. serving⑵如果分词和被修饰名词呈现被动关系，而且，所指动作此刻正在发生，或者是和谓语所表示的动作同时发生，就用现在分词一般体的被动形式：[例题]The old man _______ has been ill for months.A. to operate onB. operate onC. operatedD. being operated onThe Three Gorge project ______now on the middle reaches of Yangtse River is the biggest d am of its kind.※、过去分词作定语过去分词作定语时，分词表示的动作不仅和所修饰的名词呈被动关系，同时，要么发生于谓语动作之前，要么没有一定的时间性：[例题]From the dates ____ on the gold coin, we decided that it was made five hundred years ago.A. markingB. markedC. to be markedD. having been marked[例题]Any applicant form ______ properly will not be accepted by the company.A. not filledB. not to be filledC. not being filledD. not having been filled[例题]The amount of money _____ for the seriously sick child was soon collected.2．-ing分词和-ed分词作状语① -ing分词和-ed分词作状语修饰谓语，多说明动作发生的背景、方式或伴随情况。
如果在逻辑上句中的主语与分词有主谓关系，用-ing分词，有动宾关系则用-ed分词。
例如：We enjoyed ourselves in the park, singing and dancing.Built in 1900, the house is now 100 years old.② -ing分词和-ed分词都可作原因或时间状语, 其作用相当于一个相应的状语从句。
如果在逻辑上句中的主语与分词有主谓关系，用-ing分词，有动宾关系则用-ed分词。
例如:Being so poor in those days, they couldn't send the boy to school.(原因)Born in a poor family, the boy could not go to school. (原因)3．-ing分词有时可作结果状语。
例如：Her husband died in the war, leaving her a widow with three children.We got up very early, arriving at the hospital ahead of time.4．-ed分词有时用作条件状语，其作用相当于一个条件状语从句。
例如：Given more time, we could have done it much better.【知识过关】1. She set out soon after dark _______ home an hour later.A. arrivingB. to arriveC. having arrivedD. and arrived2. "Can't you read?" Mary said _______ to the notice.A. angrily pointingB. and point angrilyC. angrily pointedD. and angrily pointing3．不定式作原因状语用作原因状语的不定式一般放于句末，偶尔也见于句首。