Yiopmw新东方托福强化班讲义之听力(马骏)
托福听力相关历史类
历史类:第一篇（舞蹈）Good evening. My name is Pam Jones, and on behalf of the Modern Dance club, I'd like to welcome you to tonight's program. The club is pleased to present the TV version of The Catherine Wheel, Twyla Tharp's rock ballet. This video version of the ballet has been even more successful with audiences than the original theater production ---- it includes some animation, slow motion, and stop-action freezes that really help the audience understand the dance.The title of the piece refers to Saint Catherine, who died on a wheel in 307 A.D. Nowadays, a Catherine wheel is also a kind of firework ---- it looks something like a pinwheel. Anyway, the dance is certainly full of fireworks! You'll see how Twyla Tharp explores one family's attempt to confront the violence in modern life. The central symbol of the work is a pineapple... but exactly what it represents has always created a lot of controversy. As you watch, see if you can figure it out.The music for this piece is full of the rhythmic energy of rock music. It was composed by David Byrne... of the rock band Talking Heads? And the lead dancer in this version was Sara Rudner, who is perfectly suited to Tharp's adventurous choreography.Following the video, dance teacher Mary Parker will lead a discussion about the symbolism Ms. Tharp used. We hope you can stay for that. So, enjoy tonight's video... and thank you for your support.第二篇（Monticello）Before starting our tour of Monticello, I'd like to give you some historical facts that might help you appreciate what you see today even more.Monticello was the very much loved home of Thomas Jefferson for over fifty years. Jefferson, who was, of course, President, was also a great reader and language enthusiast. He read widely on different subjects, including architecture. He wasn't formally trained in architecture, but as a result of his study and observation of other buildings, he was able to help design and build the house. He chose the site himself, naming the estate "Monticello," which means "little mountain" in Italian. In fact, many of the ideas behind the design also came from the Italian architect Andrea Palladio, who lived in the sixteenth century and who had a great influence on the architecture of England.Jefferson, however, ignored one of Palladio's principles --- that is, not to build in a high place. Monticello's elevation made the transportation of what was needed at the house --- for example, food --- especially difficult. But the view from the estate would not be as spectacular if Jefferson had followed Palladio's advice; there really is no boundary between the house and the nature around it, and so Jefferson was able to look out on his beloved state of Virginia from his wonderful vantage point.Now we'll go on to Jefferson's library.第三篇（建筑thatching）Welcome to the Four Winds Historical Farm, where traditions of the past are preserved for visitors like you. Today, our master thatches will begin giving this barn behind me a sturdy thatched roof able to withstand heavy winds and last up to a hundred years. How do they do it? Well, in a nutshell, thatching involves covering the beams or rafters --- the wooden skeleton of a roof --- with reeds or straw. Our thatches here have harvested their own natural materials for the job --- the bundles of water reeds you see lying over there beside the barn.Thatching is certainly uncommon in the Untied States today. I guess that's why so many of you have come to see this demonstration. But it wasn't always that way. In the seventeenth century, the colonists here thatched their roofs with reeds and straw, just as they had done in England. After a while, though, they began to replace the thatch with wooden shingles because wood was so plentiful. And eventually, other roofing materials like stone, slate, and clay tiles came into use.It's a real shame that most people today don't realize how strong and long lasting a thatched roof is. In Ireland, where thatching is still practiced, the roofs can survive winds of up to one hundred ten miles per hour. That's because straw and reeds are so flexible. They bend but don't break in the wind like other materials can. Another advantage is that the roofs keep the house cool in the summer and warm in the winter. And then, of course, there's the roofs' longevity --- the average is sixty years, but they can last up to a hundred. With all these reasons to start thatching roofs again, wouldn't it be wonderful to see this disappearing craft return to popularity?第四篇（coffee）A lot of people in the United States are coffee drinkers. Over the last few years, a trend has been developing to introduce premium, specially blended coffees --- knows as "gourmet coffees" --- into the American market.Boston seems to have been the birthplace of this trend. In fact, major gourmet coffee merchants from other cities like Seattle and San Francisco came to Boston, where today they're engaged in a kind of "coffee war" with Boston's merchants. They are all competing for a significant share of the gourmet coffee market.Surprisingly, the competition among these leading gourmet coffee businesses will not hurt any of them. Experts predict that the gourmet coffee market in the United States is growing and will continue to grow, to the point that gourmet coffee will soon capture half of what is now a 1.5-million-dollar market and will be an 8-million-dollar market by 1999.Studies have shown that coffee drinkers who convert to gourmet coffee seldom go back to the regular brands found in supermarkets. As a result, these brands will be the real losers in the gourmet coffee competition.第五篇（艺术史photography）You may remember that a few weeks ago we discussed the question of what photography is. Is it art, or is it a method of reproducing images? Do photographs belong in museums or just in our homes? Today I want to talk about a person who tried to make his professional life an answer to such questions.Alfred Stieglitz went from the United States to Germany to study engineering. While he was there, he became interested in photography and began to experiment with his camera. He took pictures under conditions that most photographers considered too difficult--- he took them at night, in the rain, and of people and objects reflected in windows. When he returned to the United States he continued these revolutionary efforts. Stieglitz was the first person to photograph skyscrapers, clouds, and views from an airplane.What Stieglitz was trying to do in these photographs was what he tried to do throughout his life: make photography an art. He felt that photography could be just as good a form of self-expression as painting or drawing. For Stieglitz, his camera was his brush. While many photographers of the late 1800's and early 1900's thought of their work as a reproduction of identical images, Stieglitz saw his as a creative art form. He understood the power of the camera to capture the moment. In fact, he never retouched his prints or made copies of them. If he were in this classroom today, I'm sure he'd say, "Well, painters don't normally make extra copies of their paintings, do they?"第六篇（人物）So, uh... as Jim said, James Polk was the eleventh President, and... uh... well, my report's about the next President --- Zachary Taylor.Taylor was elected in 1849. It's surprising because... well, he was the first President that didn't have any previous political experience. The main reason he was chosen as a candidates was because he was a war hero.In the army, his men called him "Old Rough and Ready"... I guess because of his... "rough edges." He was kind of blunt and he didn't really look like a military hero. He liked to do things like wear civilian clothes instead of a uniform --- even in battle. And he was so short and plump he had to be lifted up onto his horse. But he did win a lot of battles and he became more and more popular. So, the Whig party decided to nominate him for the presidency, even though no one knew anything about where he stood on the issues.I couldn't find much about his accomplishments --- probably because he was only in office about a year and a half before he died. But one thing --- he pushed for the development of the transcontinental railroad because he though it was important to form a link with the West Coast --- there was a lot of wealth in California and Oregon from commerce and minerals and stuff. Also, he established an agricultural bureau in the Department of the Interior and promoted more government aid to agriculture.Well, that's about all I found. Like I said, he died in office --- in 1850 --- so his Vice President took over... and that's the next report, so... thank you.第七篇（历史事件/热气球）I want to welcome each and every balloon enthusiast to Philadelphia. Thank you for coming here this morning to commemorate the first balloon voyage in the United States. On January 9, 1793, at ten o'clock in the morning, a silk balloon lifted into the skies above this city, which was, at the time, the capital of the country.According to the original records of the flight, the voyage lasted forty-six minutes, from its departure in Philadelphia to its landing across the Delaware River in New Jersey. Though our pilots today will try to approximate the original landing site, they're at the mercy of the winds, so who knows where they'll drift off to. Even the balloonist in 1793 experienced some uncertain weather that day. There were clouds, fog, and mist in various directions.Our reenactment promises to be noting less than spectacular. The yellow balloon directly behind me is five stories high. It's inflated with helium, unlike the original, which was filled with hydrogen and, unbeknownst to the pilot, potentially explosive. Gas-filled models are pretty uncommon now because of the extremely high cost, so the eighty other balloons in today's launch are hot air, heated by propane burners. These balloons are from all over the country.第八篇（邮政）Let's proceed to the main exhibit hall and look at some of the actual vehicles that have played a prominent role in speeding up mail delivery. Consider how long it used to take to send a letter across a relatively short distance. Back in the 1600's it took two weeks on horseback to get a letter from Boston to New York, a distance of about 260 miles. Crossing a river was also a challenge. Ferry service was so irregular that a carrier would sometimes wait hours just to catch a ferry. For journeys inland, there was always the stagecoach, but the ride was by no means comfortable because it had to be shared with other passengers. The post office was pretty ingenious about some routes. In the nineteenth century, in the Southwestern desert, for instance, camels were brought in to help get the mail through. In Alaska, reindeer were used. This practice was discontinued because of the disagreeable temperament of these animals.We'll stop here a minute so that you can enter this replica of a railway mail car. It was during the Age of the Iron Horse that delivery really started to pick up. In fact, the United States transported most bulk mail by train for nearly 100 years. The first airmail service didn't start until 1918.Please take a few moments to look around. I hope you'll enjoy your tour. And as you continue on your own, may I suggest you visit our impressive philatelic collection. Not only can you look at some of the more unusual stamps issues, but there is an interesting exhibit on how stamps are made.第九篇（城市发展）Today we'll examine the role that private transportation ---namely, the automobile --- plays in city planning.A number of sociologists blame the automobile for the decline of the downtown areas of major cities. In the 1950's and 1960's the automobile made it possible to work in the city and yet live in the suburbs many miles away. Shopping patterns changed: instead of patronizing downtown stores, people in the suburbs went to large shopping malls outside the city and closer to home. Merchants in the city failed; and their sores closed. Downtown shopping areas became deserted.In recent years there's been a rebirth of the downtown areas, as many suburbanites have moved back to the city. They've done this, of course, to avoid highways clogged with commuters from the suburbs.I've chosen this particular city planning problem --- our dependence on private transportation --- to discuss in groups. I'm hoping you all will come up with some innovative solutions. Oh, and don't approach the problem from a purely sociological perspective; try to take into account environmental and economic issues as well.第十篇（人物）Before we begin our tour, I'd like to give you some background information on the painter Grant Wood --- we'll be seeing much of his work today.Wood was born in 1881 in Iowa farm country, and became interested in art very early in life. Although he studied art in both Minneapolis and at the Art Institute of Chicago, the strongest influences on his art were European. He spent time in both Germany and France and his study there helped shape his own stylized form of realism.When he returned to Iowa, Wood applied the stylistic realism he had learned in Europe to the rural life he saw around him and that he remembered from his childhood around the turn of the century. His portraits of farm families imitate the static formalism of photographs of early settlers posed in front of their homes. His paintings of farmers at work, and of their tools and animals, demonstrate a serious respect for the life of the Midwestern United States. By the 1930's, Wood was a leading figure of the school of art called "American regionalism."In an effort to sustain a strong Midwestern artistic movement, Wood established an institute of Midwestern art in his home state. Although the institute failed, the paintings you are about to see preserve Wood's vision of pioneer farmers.第十一篇（建筑）In today's class we'll be examining some nineteenth-century pattern books that were used for building houses. I think it's fair to say that these pattern books were the most important influence on the design of North American houses during the nineteenth century.This was because most people who wanted to build a house couldn't afford to hire an architect. Instead, they bought a pattern book, picked out a plan, and took it to the builder. The difference in cost was substantial. In 1870, for example, hiring an architect would've cost about a hundred dollars. At the same time, a pattern book written by an architect cost only five dollars.At that price, it's easy to see why pattern books were so popular. Some are back in print again today, and of course they cost a lot more than they did a hundred years ago. But they're an invaluable resource for historians, and also for people who restore old houses. I have a modern reprint here that I'll be passing around the room in a moment so that everyone can have a look.第十二篇（人物women）Last week we talked about Anne Bradstreet and the role of women in the Puritan colonies. Today I want to talk about some other women who've contributed to American history --- some famous and some not-so-famous. The first woman I'd like to talk about is Molly Pitcher. Those of you who are familiar with the name may know her as a hero of the American Revolution. But, in fact, there never was a woman named Molly Pitcher. Her real name was actually Mary Ludwig Hays.She got the nickname Molly Pitcher for her acts of bravery during the Revolutionary War.As the story goes, when Mary's --- or Molly's --- husband, John Hays, enlisted in the artillery, Mary followed... like many other wives did. She helped out doing washing and cooking for the soldiers. She was known to be a pretty unusual woman --- she smoked a pipe and chewed tobacco.Anyway... in the summer of 1778, at the Battle of Monmouth, it was a blistering hot day --- maybe over a hundred degrees --- and fifty soldiers died of thirst during the battle. Molly wasn't content to stay back at camp. Instead, she ran through gunshots and cannon fire carrying water in pitchers from a small stream out to the thirsty American soldiers. The relief that she brought with her pitchers of water gave her the legendary nickname Molly Pitcher. The story also says that she continued to load and fire her husband's cannon after he was wounded. They say she was so well liked by the other soldiers that they call her "Sergeant Molly." In fact, legend has it that George Washington himself gave her the special military title.第十三篇（yellow stone park）Welcome to Yellowstone National Park. Before we begin our nature walk today, I'd like to give you a short history of our National Park Service. The National Park Service began in the late 1800's. A small group of explorers had just completed a month-long exploration of the region that is now Yellowstone. They gathered around a campfire, and after hours of discussion, they decided that they should not claim this land for themselves. They felt it should be accessible to everyone.So they began a campaign to preserve this land for everyone's enjoyment. Two years later, in the late nineteenth century, an act of Congress signed by President Ulysses S. Grant proclaimed the Yellowstone region a public park. It was the first national park in the world. After Yellowstone became a public park, many other areas of great scenic importance were set aside and in 1916 the National Park Service was established to manage these parks.As a park ranger, I am an employee of the National Park Service. In a national park, park rangers are on duty at all times to answer questions and help visitors in any difficulty. Nature walks, guided tours, and campfire talks are offered by specially training staff members. The park service also protects the animals and plants within the parks.第十四篇（钟表）I'm sure almost every one of you looked at your watch or at a clock before you came to class today. Watches and clocks seem as much a part of our life as breathing or eating. And yet, did you know that watches and clocks were scarce in the United States until the 1850's?In the late 1700's, people didn't know the exact time unless they were near a clock. Those delightful clocks in the squares of European towns were built for the public --- after all, most citizens simply couldn't afford a personal timepiece. Well into the 1800's --- in European and the United States --- the main purpose of a watch, which, by the way, was often on a gold chain, was to show others how wealthy you were.The word "wristwatch" didn't even enter the English language until nearly 1900. By then the rapid pace of industrialization in the Unites States meant that measuring time had become essential.How could the factory worker get to work on time unless he or she knew exactly what time it was? Since efficiency was now measured by how fast a job was done, everyone was interested in time. And since industrialization made possible the manufacture of large quantities of goods, watches became fairly inexpensive. Furthermore, electric lights kept factories going around the clock. Being on time had entered the language --- and life --- of every citizen.第十五篇（舞蹈）So, why did what is now called "modern dance" begin in the United States? To begin to answer this question, I'll need to backtrack a little bit and talk about classical ballet.By the late 1800's, ballet had lost a lot of its popularity. Most of the ballet dancers who performed in the United States were brought over from Europe. They performed using the rigid techniques that had been passed down through the centuries. Audiences and dancers in the United States were eager for their own, "contemporary" dance form. And, so, around 1900, dancers created one.So, how was this "modern" dance so different from classical ballet? Well, most notably, it wasn't carefully choreographed. Instead, the dance depended on the improvisation and free, personal expression of the dancers. Music and scenery were of little importance to the "modern" dance --- and lightness of movement wasn't important either. In fact, modern dancers made no attempt at all to conceal the effort involved in a dance step.But even if improvisation appealed to audiences, many dance critics were less than enthusiastic about the performances. They questioned the artistic integrity of dancers who were not professionally trained and the artistic value of works that had no formal structure. Loie Fuller, after performing Fire Dance, was described as doing little more than turning "round and round like an eggbeater." Yet, the free, personal expression of the pioneer dancers is the basis of the "controlled freedom" of modern dance today.第十六篇（人物/摄影家）That's an interesting question, Tom. Women did participate in the early days of motion-picture making. One of the most outstanding is Lois Weber. She is credited as the first consistently successful woman film director.In the early 1900's, when she first arrived in Hollywood, Ms. Weber made a series of experimental sound films. Now this was almost 20 years before modern "talking pictures" were developed. The dialogue for her movies was recorded on phonograph records and then synchronized with the action on the movie screen --- very innovative for that time.In addition, Weber felt that movies should be educational as well as entertaining. She made several highly controversial movies that dealt with the moral and social issues of her day. And some of her most controversial work addressed issues of particular interest to women. Unfortunately, Weber died in 1939 just as Hollywood was beginning to make films aimed primarily at female audiences. Which brings me to my next point?第十七篇（comics book）Now let's focus on comics in the 1950's. Early in the decade sales were down, so publishers started looking for some new angle to get their readers interested again. They found what they werelooking for with horror comics --- stories about ghosts and demons that were often graphically violent.Before long, most of the major publishers were printing horror comics --- but it all came to an end a few years later. You see, there was a psychologist named Frederic [FRED-rick] Wertham who claimed that comic books --- the horror books in particular --- were a bad influence on children and turned them into juvenile delinquents. Wertham even wrote a book called Seduction of the Innocent that showed specific scenes from comics that he thought were a particularly bad influence on kids.Wertham wasn't the only one down on comics. The United States Senate Subcommittee on Juvenile Delinquency also released a report very critical of comics. The result of all this fuss was the creation of the Comics Code Authority in 1995. This is a self-censoring body created by the publishers. Essentially, for a comic book to be approved by the code, it had to be free of the blood and gore that was usually depicted in most horror comics, and evil could never triumph over good. Children had to be shown that crime did not pay.Well, if comic sales were bad in 1950, things got even worse in 1955. Many small publishers actually went out of business. But the industry rebounded by introducing a new lineup of superheroes, characters like Spider-Man and the Fantastic Four. Now, I've brought with me today some comic books from this era to pass around. They're from my own personal collection, so please be extra careful when handling them.第十八篇（建筑log structures）As you probably know, log structures are gaining in popularity. They are no longer just the simple country homes that we think of as the traditional log cabin. Some upscale homes now incorporate natural round logs in ceiling beams and walls. People seem to think the rounded logs give their homes a cozy, warm atmosphere. And even people who want to build a traditional log cabin on their own can buy a kit with precut logs that fit together like pieces of a jigsaw puzzle.Before showing you some slides of modern log houses, I'd like to give a little historical background on the subject: Log cabins were first built in the late 1600's along the Delaware River valley. The European immigrants who settled there brought centuries-old traditions of working with logs. And in this heavily wooded area, logs were the material at hand.Log cabins were most popular in the early 1800's [eighteen hundred] with the settlers who were moving west. They provided the answer to the pioneers' need for a safe and sturdy home that an ordinary family could build quickly: they had dirt floors and sliding boards for windows.But the log buildings that have probably had most influence on modern architects are those of the mountain retreats of wealthy New Yorkers. These country houses, which were popular in the early 1900's, typify what's known as the Adirondack style.Now let's look at those slides...第十九篇（钱币）I was really glad when your club invited me to share my coin collection. It's been my passion since I collected my first Lincoln cent in 1971; that's the current penny with Abraham Lincoln's image. Just a little history before I start in on my own collection. Lincoln pennies are made of copper, and they were the first United States coin to bear the likeness of a President. It was back in 1909 [nineteen-oh-nine] when the country was celebrating the centennial of Lincoln's birth in 1809 [eighteen-oh-nine] that the decision was made to redesign the one-cent piece in his honor. Before that, the penny had an American Indian head on it. The new penny was designed by artist Victor David Brenner. This is interesting because he put his initials V.D.B. on the reverse of the coin in its original design. There was a general uproar when the initials were discovered, and only a limited number of the coins were struck with the initials on them. Today a penny with the initials from the San Francisco Mint... called the 1909-SVDB... is worth over $500. Now... when I started my coin collection, I began with the penny for several reasons... there were a lot of them (several hundred billion have been minted)... and there were a lot of people collecting them... so I had plenty of people to trade with and talk to about my collection. Also... it was a coin I could afford to collect as a young teenager. In the twenty-five years since then, I have managed to acquire over 300 coins, some of them very rare. I'll be sharing with you today some of my rarer specimens... including the 1909-SVDB.第二十篇（农业）One of the most popular myths about the United States in the nineteenth century was that of the free and simple life of the farmer. It was said that farmers worked hard on their own land to produce whatever their families needed. They might sometimes trade with neighbors; but in general they could get along just fine by relying on themselves, not on commercial ties with others.This is how Thomas Jefferson idealized the farmer at the beginning of the nineteenth century, and, at that time, this may have been close to the truth --- especially on the frontier. But by mid-century, sweeping changes in agriculture were well under way as farmers began to specialize in the raising of crops such as cotton or corn or wheat.By late in the century, revolutionary advances in farm machinery had vastly increased production of specialized crops. And the extensive network of railroads had linked farmers throughout the country to markets in the East and even overseas. By raising and selling specialized crops, farmers could afford more and finer goods and achieve a much higher standard of living --- but at a price.Now, farmers were no longer dependent just on the weather and their own efforts. Their lives were increasingly controlled by banks, which had power to grant or deny loans for new machinery, and by the railroads, which set the rates for shipping their crops to market. As businessmen, farmers now had to worry about national economic depressions and the influence of world supply and demand on, for example, the price of wheat in Kansas.And so, by the end of the nineteenth century, the era of Jefferson's independent farmer had come to a close.第二十一篇（magazines）Moving away from newspapers, let's now focus on magazines. Now, the first magazine was a little。
马骏托福听力课堂讲义
I can no longer put up with.
(三) 忙
忙的时段：考试前、学期初、刚工作
get conflict in one's schedule
up to one's neck/eyes/ears in work
be wild/crazy/mad about
think much/highly of sth.
can't get enough of sth.
couldn't put it down
(二) 厌倦、厌烦
be bored with
......is more than I can figure out.
Lost track of the ......
I wonder......
can't make my sense out of it
It doesn't make my sense to me.
forgetful
absent-minded
absent-minded professor
slip one's memory
slip one's mind
have a short/poor/bad memory
⑺ ①强调学生的high taste：吃饭去意/法餐馆；用香水；用天然的化装品；听音乐会；拒绝电视、电影。
②提到音乐会一定去看；音乐会票一定难买；音乐会一定人山人海（过道都是人）；音乐会的赞美无与伦比（out of this world）。
⑻是解听力题一个永久的暗线。没钱等sale;买到sale极高兴；家具用二手；打工来挣钱；物价一涨就抱怨；租房屋子简布置；一定是小破房等等。
新东方托福强化班讲义之听力(马骏)
2th &pm4th Feb这两次听力课的内容我放一起了首先老师刚上场就说了一句:得听力者得天下,这足以说明听力在IBT考试中的重要性.因为总共四部分,就有三个部分涉及到听力,可见提高听力水平还是非常重要的.接着他把IBT的听力和老托福的听力做了一个比较.得出的重要结论就是新T的听力材料在内容上丰富了,描述性的语言变多,从某种程度上讲,难度反而降低,以前的短对话,只要有一个词听不懂,那么题目就很难做得对,而现在的题目更加的人性化,语速也比以前的慢了许多.所以说想提高听力成绩并不是想象中那么难.2th一,语音识别能力1,关于语速问题.大家平时做听力的时候跟读和模仿.一要读熟材料,二,可以边听边看边读,三可以只听不看的读2,个别单词熟形不熟悉音,同样可采取跟读和模仿.3,美英之间的差异.4,语音现象.有连度和失爆二,语气语调1,语气重读,单个单词重读时一般表示责备,抱怨或正话反说.2,调子的升和降,当调子越升是大家越要揣摩对白者的心理3,小词三,词汇1,口语词汇2,不会用专业词汇当考点3,一词多义4,习语am 4th一,听力课程进度1,pretest2,skill训练+讲义听写9篇(补充讲义强化)3,MINI练习8篇+听写16篇4,视觉向导练习+听写30篇5,OG训练+听写16篇6,模拟练习7套二,主要把听力题型分为:Gist, Detail, Function, Stance, Organization, Relationship.三,听写是提高听力的唯一途径.在听写过程中要听一句写一句,这也是在锻炼语音识别能力和语言存储能力的过程,一般情况下听不懂的话就听3—5遍,一般3遍.先听写,后跟读,语音语调耳朵熟.四,做笔记的几大特征:1,只有自己能看的懂2,越少完整单词越好3,英文和中文相结合4,借助符号,线条,曲线,图画5,简练—关键是在听6,写而有用7,可追忆性五1,be familiar with the directions2,借助一些题目中给予的照片或图片来帮助你对文中提及的事物的了解. 3,至少要记要有10%的内容记在笔记上4,不要花太多时间在一个你不确定的题目上面5,把握时间,因为听力跟阅读不一样,只要跳过就改不了了.6,题型主要会有多选和图表出现.Academic listening skill:1. Basic comprehension2. Pragmatic understanding3. Connecting and synthesizing information六.关于听力考前训练:1,旧托真题中的对话和短文词汇要注意积累2,跟读模仿旧托里的听力材料,电影电视里也可以3,听写是提高听力的唯一途径4,泛听内容相近的材料,例如National Geography or Discovery5,notes-taking七.考试期间的注意事项:1,熟练操作计算机2,熟悉答题界面3,熟悉各部分答题技巧和题型4,计算机突发事件5,务必别忘记提交成绩TIPS:1,越快乐越堕落.工欲善其事,必先利其器.听写是提高听力的唯一途径,这东西他基本上每次上课都要说上10遍,因为他身边无数成功的案例也证明了这一真理.但是听写初期是一个非常痛苦的过程,因为听写不像背单词能在短时间内看到成绩,听写可能在一个月之后才能看到效果,这是一个沉淀的过程,所以同学们,听写吧.听写是提高的唯一途径.2,额外的学习资料不推荐,听力阅读可采用旧托福真题当材料3,长对话练习和旧托Part C分类训练4,机经不是最重要的,但也要关注5,他的个人网站有听写材料,大家可以去下载,论坛也不错6,实用信息:申请的过程才是留学中最重要的过程.有很多人认为成绩好的就一定能上牛校,成绩不好的就一定不能上牛校.这是一个非常片面的说法.所以在申请前还是要多搜集信息和建议.不能盲目.申请还是建议自己申,不要找中介.因为中介不可能帮每一位学生都尽心尽力.申请宜早不宜迟.7,讲了一些关于考试报名和费用已及各个section的分值,这个大家可以去 上去查阅.8,用心,努力,刻苦,痛苦是学习听力的四个境界.贵在坚持,坚持不住了,就拿刀插自己.9.在作笔记的时候,好的,正确的用√代替;不好的,错误的用×代替;学科用首字母代替;可分区记笔记,比如老师和学生的对话,还有lecture中两种事物的比较等.6th Feb Listening & ReadingListening大多数原理都已经讲完了.接下来大多是做练习了,然后给大家讲解每一道题的精髓是啥.我觉得这个环节还是挺重要的,因为每次被他这么一分析,题目就变的巨简单,同学们可以去听听课.很久没跟这么多同学一起做题了,感受还真不一般.今天的讲义也不多,但是词汇比较多.我也不把后来几天的提到前面来了,完了之后大家可以自己把我发的这些东西整理成四大section.然后按照上面的精神来练习.我觉得完全可以拿下IBT 了.听力的三种题型一B Basic 类(1) Gist听准开头/开头句的句型…talk about…/对话目的/全文重复/训练关键词(2) Detail 听什么记下来什么就选什么事实/描述/定义/原因because,so that/举例/比较/强调强调句式，语气，强调副词all, only/史鉴/数字/人名，地名/问答最有效，最明显/结尾二P Programmatic understanding类(1) Function 判断目的(2) Stance判断态度理解主题，然后具体到细节。
新托福强化听力讲义
For personal use only in study and research; not for commercial useConversation 高频单词1作业extra credit assignment/project/homework / assignment sheetpresentation / thesis proposal 论文开题报告/essay /report / research / literature review读后感/ journal 学术杂志/ record / chart / info / senior researcher /fair share/ deadline/ drain排水/ junk mail / positive feedback2 课程•required course/curriculum课程表/lecture/class/ compulsory course, requirement必修的•optional/elective/selective/unrequired course选修课•introduction, introductory, intro初级•mid, medium level, intermediate中级•advanced高级•preliminary预备级•seminar / graduation form/ academic record/ field experience实习/heavy schedule/ course load课业负担重/ hammer courses on your own 锤炼3 图书馆•library/study room→learning (resource) center / video library / inter-library loan service 馆际借阅服务•reference section/ reference stack参考书库/ electronic sources电子资源/ entertainment section•check out/ return/ fill out the form/a form to fill out / extended borrowing privileges 延长的借阅优先4 论文•Paper/ topic/ material /dissertation / a draft version/ first draft 第一稿•bibliography 参考书目录/ citation 引用/ plagiarism 作弊•display the abstract摘要/ summary总结/ narrow…down / access /electronic sources 电子资源•published/ unpublished data / bulletin board 布告栏5 考试Exam/ mid-term exam /final exam / quiz /pop quiz /grade / score /pass /passing grade /failing grade /GPA / make up exam /cheat语言标记•Discourse Markers•Introducing•In my talk today•My topic today is•Today, we are going to discuss•Today, I’ll go over•The purpose of my talk today is•Today we are going to look at•Giving background Information•It is clear•It goes without saying•It is understood•As we know•As we have all read•Defining•X can be defined as•X is known as•X is a type of•X is actually•Just what is meant by•Listing•First•First and foremost•Next•Another•To begin with•Second•The next point I’d like to cover•finally•Showing a connection•Pertaining to in connection with •Classifying•There are X types/ categories/ varieties of •X can be divided into•Giving examples•For example•For instance•X is a case in point•Take X for instance•Take X, for example•The following are some common examples •Let me give you some specific examples •Emphasizing•The crucial point•I’d like to emphasize•We should bear in mind that •Fundamentally•I want to stress•Furthermore•What’s more•This goes to show that•In effect•Least we forget•It is worth mentioning that•It follows, then•Clarifying•In other words•That is to say•Basically•If we put it another way•i.e.•What I mean to say is•Let me put it anther way •Parenthetically speaking Shifting subtopics •Now•All right•OK•Let’s now look at it•Now, I’d like to turn to•The next point I’d like to focus on •Moving on•All that aside•In this respect•Giving further information•In addition•Furthermore•Another point•Moreover•Not only…but also•Also•On top of that•As well•Giving contrast information•Although•However•On the other hand•Whereas•Despite•nevertheless•Giving an opinion•As far as I’m concerned•In my opinion•If it were up to me•According to•If you ask me•In my mind•Setting parameters•In terms of in the scope of •Digressing•By the way•Before I forget•Incidentally•Concluding•We’ve seen that•In conclusion, I’d like to•In short•To sum up•Let me end by saying•Any question?•All in all•Commonly Used Expression• A point of contention•After all is said and done•All the more•And so on• A cross purpose•At the onset•Back and forth•Foot the bill•Get a grasp of•Get the ball rolling•Subject of disagreement•After all debate is finished•Even more•Etcetera•In contradiction to each other’s intent •At the beginning•Going and returning•Pay all•To understand•start•Give rise to•Hardly the case•In a fix•In a nutshell•Instead of•It’s all or nothing•It’s all very well and good•Miss the point•No matter•On the condition•Owing to•Part and parcel of•Cause•Not the situation at all•In a bad or difficult situation•Here is the basic point•Rather than•Completely or not at all•There is nothing wrong with•Not understand•It really isn’t important•If/ depending on•Due to• A necessary and important element•Poke holes in•Practically speaking•Slowly but surely•Stem from•Supposing that•That isn’t to say•The upshot of•Turning point•When it comes down to it•With the aim of•Without regard to•Wrap up•Under no circumstances•Find something wrong with•Talking common sense•Done carefully over time•Come from•What if•It doesn’t mean•The consequence or result•An important point of change in direction or meaning •The truth is•Having the goal of•Ignoring•Finishnot for any reasonIdiomsCastles in the sky/ air 空中楼阁As clear as a bell 非常清楚Come to terms 清楚误会Shed crocodile tears 假慈悲Cut corners 走捷径Do’s and don’t’s 行为规范Face the music 面对现实First things first 先说重要的Forgive and forget 握手言和Get the ball rolling 使蓬勃发展A knockout 引人注目A rainy day 不如意的日子All thumbs 笨手笨脚的一窍不通的Ants in one’s pants (skirts) 坐立不安At one’s finger’s tips 了如指掌Backseat driver 指手画脚的人Blow one’s top 怒发冲冠Break the ice 打破僵局、沉默Bring down the house 掌声雷动的Buy your story 相信你的话Call it a day 今天到此为止Daylight robbery 价钱贵的离谱Dirty dog 卑鄙小人Flat tire 没精打采From A to Z 从头到尾God knows 天晓得Gone with the wind 随风而逝Good for nothing 毫无用处的Happy go luck 乐天派Have a big mouth 话多的人Have it both ways 权衡两方面Have time off 休假Hit of the show 表演中最精彩的一幕Hit the high spots 达到高水准Hold one’s tongue 保持沉默In hot water 遇到麻烦In the hole 遇到经济困难In the long run 从长远看In the soap 遇到麻烦Keep punching 继续努力Kick off 开始干某事Kill two birds with one stone 一石二鸟Knock it off 别再讲下去了Let nature take its course 顺其自然Like a cat on hot bricks 热锅上的蚂蚁Like a turtle in its back 对事情束手无策Lousy cliché陈词滥调Master key 万能钥匙关键No sweat 没问题不用冒汗No money, no honey 没钱就没爱情Odds and ends 零碎的工作Off color 身体不爽On pins and needles 如坐针毡的Once in a blue moon 机会难得的绝无仅有Pain in the neck 极讨厌的人或物Pipe course 容易的课程或工作Pull a long face 拉长脸不悦Put sb.in the ring 和某人赛一场Rain or shine 不论晴雨Row in one boat 从事相同事业相同命运Royal road 容易取得成功的捷径Run of the town 轰动一时的人Salt of the earth/ world 社会中坚Second sight 超人的预见力Side money 外快Slowly but surely 稳扎稳打Speak the same language 志同道合Spill the beans 露马脚Stand on one’s own feet 独立自主Stay out of other people’s business 置身事外Step on one’s toes 触怒某人Sugar report 情书Sunday dress 最好的衣服Take it or leave it 别讨价还价Take things as they come 既来之则安之Talk big 讲大话Talk of the town 非常流行的东西Talk through one’s nose 骄傲自大Tall story 难以置信的故事Be the spirit 真有道理Throw cold water on 泼冷水Turn the tables 翻盘扭转局势Under the sun 世界任何地方Walking dictionary 知识渊博的人Welcome to the party 现在你总算懂了What’s the catch? 你这是什么意思When in Rome do as the Romans do入乡随俗White lie 善意的谎言With open arms 热烈欢迎Without fail 一定Got me there 难住我了Stick with sb 紧跟着某人Take a rain check 改天吧Lost count 弄不清楚Be in another world 精神恍惚Save your breath 别白费口舌了Make sense 有意义理解Burn a hole in one’s pocket 很快花光File one’s shoes 很好的顶替Is ice cold 理所当然的Look for a needle in a hay stack 大海捞针Meet each other half way 相互妥协让步On the dot 准时正点Once and for all 最后一次干脆Play by ear 随机应变Ring a bell 令人想起某事听起来耳熟Share a common outlook 有共同观点Six of one and half-a-dozen of the other半斤八两Stick around 在附近逗留或等待Stick with 继续做坚持Straighten out 扯平结清Turn one’s back 别人困难时不愿帮助Under the weather 身体不适生病Bite off more than one can chew 不自量力Break new ground 创新Do the trick 做成功达到理想效果Draw the line 拒绝拒不容忍Feel down in the dumps 心情不好情绪低落Keep between the two of us 保密Know a thing or two about 略知一二Leave no stone unturned 不遗余力On cloud nine 非常幸福On the tip of one’s tongue 就在嘴边Reach the bottom of the barrel 弹尽粮绝Up in the air 尚未决定悬而未决Wear and tear 磨损消耗With flying colors 大获全胜Get off on the wrong foot 开始就不顺利Get on someone’s nerves 使人不安Give someone a break 不要去管饶了某人Head and shoulders above 某方面强于某人In the red 赤字In the dark 一无所知A breath of fresh airBe all ears 洗耳恭听Be all eyes 目不转睛Sell like hot cakes 畅销Get butterflies in one’s stomach 紧张不安Two thumbs up 双手赞成Pull one’s leg 开某人玩笑Break one’s back 辛勤工作Twenty-four seven 永远一直Bucket down 瓢泼大雨Backroom boys 幕后英雄Beyond compare 绝佳的最棒的Break even 不赔不赚By the book 照章办事Cast a cloud over 泼冷水蒙上阴影Put oneself together 加把劲Suit me fine 太适合我了Time will tell 时间会证明一切Same old story 又是那一套Boys will be boys 本性难移Be Greek to sb. 某人完全不懂Couch potato 整天呆在沙发上看电视Wait on hand and foot 招待的无微不至Waste one’s breath 白费口舌Weigh one’s word 斟字酌句Wheels within wheels 错综复杂之理由Win a name 出名Wishful thinking 如意算盘Ups and downs 有喜有悲Under one’s breath 轻声细语Under one’s thumb 在某人支配下Turn the clock back 时光倒转Turn a deaf ear 不加理睬That’s that 就此而已Shoulder to shoulder 齐心协力See the world 见多识广Second to none 最佳的Second thoughts 从新考虑Read between the lines 明白言外之意Over and down with到此结束Grain ground 有进展Break a leg 大获全胜火山(volcano)1、分类周期eruption cycle：active volcano / extinct(ive) volcano/ dormant volcano强度eruption intensity: shield volcano 盾状火山周期短，强度小/compositevolcano 复式火山周期长，强度大2、灾害earthquake 地震landslide 滑坡mudslide 泥石流avalanche 雪崩(e.g. Cascade Mountain 终年低温，常年积雪) kill creatures ash steam/ash cloud/volcanic ash→pollution山形成方式plates crushing/collisiontectonic platevolcanic activity/Ring of Fire年龄以及分布地理位置记字头Alps, Rockies, Andes, Cascades, St. Helens, Appalachians湖咸淡对比表格Freshwater lake=Sweetwater lake 淡水湖Saltwater lake 咸水湖E.g. Great Lakes (Superior, Huron, Michigan, Erie, Ontario) Great Salt Lake对比：1、地理位置2、density 密度3、contraction 盐度4、为什么咸水湖咸，什么导致的，以前也这么咸么？Saltwater lake→evolution5、evaporation/no outlet6、ecology (wetland)7、climate8、environment海(ocean) oceanic current 洋流(ocean) volcanic island erode侵蚀lagoon泻湖coral reef/atoll 珊瑚礁/环礁矿（石、洞）Chemical elements 元素oxygen, nitrogen, hydrogen, silicon, iron, calcium, sodium, carbon, potassiummagnesium, oxide, titanium, methane, monoxide, dioxide, trioxide, peroxide,sulfur, amino, choleric, aluminumrock igneous rock 火山岩，岩浆岩成因：lava/magma→cool downsedimentary rock 沉积岩，水成岩成因：eroded by water/oceanmetamorphic rock 变质岩成因：heat + tensioncave solution cave 酸溶洞formed by mild/weak acidlava cave 熔岩洞during/after volcanic eruptionsea cave 海蚀洞eroded by sea water冰川(glacier)1、structure 构造特点ice sheet/layer 冰层ice cap 冰盖ice bottom 冰底2、formation 形成formation condition 形成条件①precipitate/rainfall/rain 下雨②turn in to ice accumulated③conserved ice/ice fern 积雪=cumulative snow3、movement 运动①velocity 运动速度comparison XX和XX比较②location 在哪运动（ocean）③regular 规律4、process 形成过程表格题5、climate/environment/ecology地球构造crust 地壳mantle 地幔core地核↓↓tectonic plate 板块magma 岩浆（高温）1、the definition2、example 记住主题，位置，目的3、expert4、the relation——continental drift 大陆漂移5、process 考表格板块collision→ridge seduction zone——magna circle地质学（geology）是托福听力考试中的常见话题，是关于地球的物质组成、内部构造、外部特征、各层圈之间的相互作用和演变历史的知识体系，是研究地球本身的学科。
马俊听力讲义听写方法
马俊听力讲义听写方法第一回演义篇ETS ―→Easy Touching System姓名：托福，生于1963年，80年后偷渡至中国，虽横行于欧美，却降服于中国。
（至中国后，他的最高分神话562分被我莘莘学子屡破不爽）。
95年8月自以为是的以皮毛移容之术欲刁难国人，深不知无论是“脱”还是“穿”，它的黔驴之术早被国人“大方贻笑”了。
2001年后故技重施，反到“愚人自扰”，“弄拙成巧”。
对此望海内外各界同仁莫见笑，要知2005年8月它寿终正寝，此番挣扎权当它是自娱（愚）吧！第二回理论篇（大树理论）→_________________1、____________________2、____________________3、____________________与___________________之差异：① ___________________ ② _________________③浊化④弱化⑤ ___________变____________ ⑥ ___________变____________4、__________________________ ① ____________________② ____________________→_________________1、____________________2、____________________ ① ____________________② ____________________③ ____________________→A：_________________ + B：_________________A：1、________________ 2、________________ 3、________________4、________________ ① ____________________② ____________________③ ____________________5、________________B：1、________________ 2、________________3、________________4、________________→_________________1、________________2、________________3、________________4、________________ 正常的：_____________________________________________________________________→_________________1、________________2、________________3、________________4、________________1、(A) He disagrees with the woman(B) He has a lot of experience listening to others.(C) He can keep a secret.(D) He has several younger brothers and sisters.W: You are such a good listener. What’s your secret?M: Well, when you grow up sharing a room with three older brothers, sure can get plenty of practice.What can be inferred about the man?2、(A) He has to pick up some groceries.(B) He hasn’t had any tea for a long time.(C) He’d like to walk a little further.(D) He’ll pay for the drinks.W: It seems like we have been walking all day. I could go for a glass fo ice tea.M: Ok, my treat though since you picked up the tab last time.What does the man mean?3、(A) She can’t help the man .(B) She doesn’t want to lend the man any money.(C) She owes the man some money.(D) She sometimes asks the man to drive her places.M: Oh, no, my lunch costs 8 dollars but I only have 5 in my wallet. Can you help me out?W: Sure. Just remember this when I need a ride to town.What can be inferred about the woman?4、(A) He didn’t enjoy the game because the team lost.(B) He’s impressed by the efforts of the team.(C) The woman is wrong about who won the game.(D) The players could have won if they’d tried harder.W: Losing the championship must have been a big disappointment to the players on our volleyball team.M: Yeah, but they really played their hearts out. They are still champions in my book. What does the man mean?5、(A) She should have asked to be excused from the trip.(B) She deserves the zero.(C) She is right to be angry.(D) She should have gone on the field trip.A: Oh, I’m so angry. My biology professor would not even let me try to explain why I missed the field trip. He just gave me a zero.B: That doesn’t seem fair. I would feel that way too if I were you.What does the man imply about the woman .?6、(A) She admires Steve’s relationship with his father.(B) She does not know Steve or his father.(C) Her daughter is older than Steve.(D) She disagrees with the man.A: What a relationship Steven and his father have?B: Don’t they. I only hope my daughter and I can get along like that when she is Steve’s age.What can be inferred from the woman?综上五方面，从土→根→干→枝→叶，各部分在听力中的定位及侧重也由树来比较学习。
马骏：7.31托福机经权威预测
以下是为⼤家搜索整理的马俊预测版的7.31托福机经权威预测，供⼤家参考。
托福机经预测-2011年7⽉31⽇加场阅读和听⼒部分最重点机经（6套）——⽇期按照推荐阅读的顺序排列第1套最重点机经ML10.02.07第2套最重点机经ML10.02.21第3套最重点机经ML10.03.06第4套最重点机经ML10.05.16第5套最重点机经ML10.03.13第6套最重点机经ML10.04.10重点机经（6套）——⽇期按照推荐阅读的顺序排列第1套重点机经ML10.01.31第2套重点机经ML10.02.27第3套重点机经ML10.04.24第4套重点机经ML09.11.14第5套重点机经ML09.12.12第6套重点机经ML10.01.23托福机经预测-2011年7⽉31⽇加场⼝语部分最重点机经（6套）——⽇期按照推荐阅读的顺序排列第1套最重点机经ML10.02.07第2套最重点机经ML10.02.21第3套最重点机经ML10.03.06第4套最重点机经ML10.05.16第5套最重点机经ML10.03.13第6套最重点机经ML10.04.10重点机经（6套）——⽇期按照推荐阅读的顺序排列第1套重点机经ML10.01.31第2套重点机经ML10.02.27第3套重点机经ML10.04.24第4套重点机经ML09.11.14第5套重点机经ML09.12.12第6套重点机经ML10.01.23托福机经预测-2011年7⽉31⽇加场写作部分最重点机经（6套）——⽇期按照推荐阅读的顺序排列第1套最重点机经ML10.02.07第2套最重点机经ML10.02.21第3套最重点机经ML10.03.06第4套最重点机经ML10.05.16第5套最重点机经ML10.03.13第6套最重点机经ML10.04.10重点机经（6套）——⽇期按照推荐阅读的顺序排列第1套重点机经ML10.01.31第2套重点机经ML10.02.27第3套重点机经ML10.04.24第4套重点机经ML09.11.14第5套重点机经ML09.12.12第6套重点机经ML10.01.23点击下载：。
托福听力讲义
33
According to the professor, where might there be a conflict in an organizational structure based on both projects and function?
Detail Question
Why does the professor ask this?
Purpose question
20
What are two points that reflect Plato’s views about education?
Detail Question
21
Based on information in the lecture,indicatewhether the statements below about human emotion reflect beliefs held by Plato,
2
According to the professor, what information should the student include in her statement of purpose?
Detail Question
3
What does the professor consider unusual about the student’s background?
（2）常用性词语出现连读
for him
连读中的基本规则
（1）辅音+元音连读
I was found on the ground by the fountain about a field of a summer stride.
马骏托福听力讲义学科分类（MP3PDF）
马骏托福听⼒讲义学科分类（MP3PDF）智课⽹TOEFL备考资料马骏托福听⼒讲义学科分类（MP3+PDF）摘要：马骏托福听⼒讲义⼀共九个分类，business、⽣物、历史、地球科学、campus topics、⼈类学、⼈体⽣理⼼理、天⽂学、语⾔类。
其中⽣物类共两个分卷，历史类共3个分卷。
希望⼤家下载之后能顶⼀下，让更多的朋友看到。
马骏托福听⼒讲义学科分类(MP3+PDF)：I still reacall the accident. I had an audacious attitude back then. I remember being very upset at my brother and telling him,"you have the audacity to call me a coward when you won't even try." Neither of us knew how unstable and heavy that auger bit was.我还记得那次事故的场景。
当时我态度鲁莽。
我记得我很恼⽕我的弟弟，还跟他说：“你⾃⼰都没试过，怎么能厚颜⽆耻的叫我胆⼩⿁!”我们两个都不知道钻孔机的钻头会那么不结实，⼜那么重。
Then I felt the numbing pain of the auger bit crushing my back. I can still see the ambulance attendants, in their clean white attire, attending to my injury. I think my voice was barely audible. The doctors were able to attach supporting metal pins to my spine, but I've yet to walk. My whole body seems to be in a state of atrophy. But I've never given up to hope. One of my strongest attributes is patience. Someday, I'll attain the use of my legs again.然后，钻孔机钻头压断了我的后背，我痛的⼏乎⿇⽊了。
新东方名师马骏讲解英语听力提高的唯一方法——听写
（无论水平如何，有任何疑问请先来这里）
一、请务必先熟读以下3条（初学者要读）：
1、什么是听写？
问：什么是听写？
答：简单的讲：
(1) 听写就是听一句写一句，对照文字找到自己没有识别出来的声音；同时在这个过程里训练自己的听觉存储力。听写只是一个工具而已。每天都要使用这个工具来检查我们的耳朵到底有哪些漏洞，无论是对于单词只是熟悉形状不熟悉发音，还是我们不认识的单词，只要是我们耳朵陌生的声音，都可以使用这个工具检查出来。因为我们那多年学习英文靠眼睛，疏忽了耳朵作为一个识别工具去识别单词，这样一来，想理解句子是根本不可能的。所以，要从最简单的入手，首先让你的耳朵听出来的东西更多，才能提高理解的程度。记住，听写只是一个工具，不能敷衍了事，你在使用工具的过程中，到得到一些东西；千万别把听写当成一个任务，大家都听写，为什么有的人进步快，有的人进步慢？根本上就是你是否在使用听写这个工具的时候查漏了！- B; k: l8 I; I3 @% }1 ^
3、关于记笔记 关于记笔记 关于记笔记
（1）笔记记的好的……他本身听力的基本实力就会很好……记笔记首先与你的听力的实力有关……你能跟得上节奏听着它么……它听到了能手同时记录么……等等……这是与你听力实力有关的……
（2）笔记记的好的……他知道该在哪里记……记笔记与你听过多少新托福学术的段子有关……听的多了你会自己总结出来哪里务必要记录……比如：开头；原因；举例……等……这里就不多说……
我今天做DELTA最后的QUIZ，发现有个段子读的很快而且有很多爆炸性的词语，我发现在记笔记的时候遗漏的信息，你说怎么办？
Delta这个材料本身有些内容就很非常难的……这些东西是强求不了……坦然些对待……爆炸性的词汇是我们永远无法逃避的……对于你所说的段子听写一下并不问中的主题和词汇了解一下……就可以了……
新 东 方 听 力 老 师 马 骏 笔 记 整 理
我的笔记也许不是很完美,但是我们也许总是把所有重点都放到了听写上,固然听写很重要,但是结课后,大家有没有再认真的回顾自己的笔记呢.我发现很多在听力问答帖里提出的问题,在课上HORSE都曾经分析过....笔记中还有很多的重点,废话不多说了,我在这里总结下,希望对大家有帮助.我按照HORSE上课的顺序编辑这些笔记,也许会让大家回忆起自己上课时的情景:)希望这些对大家有所帮助：旧托和新托的区别旧托: A 男女对话(30个) B 两人长对话 C 一个演讲 (B+C=20个)新托: 1. 长对话--------5个题目4分钟2. 长演讲--------6个题目6分钟共90分钟每个段子用3分钟完成答题. 语速慢,内容扩展,可以记笔记记笔记过程: 编码 + 存储 +提取(编-何种信息有用码-识别) (听觉存储力)编的能力是我们考试的能力,码和听觉存储力是听力的基本实力语音识别障碍影响识别的障碍1:语速解决--------跟读,模仿用T的题练习 A 读熟 B 边听边看边读C只听不看读2:单个单词熟形不熟音单词的不同发音解决---跟读模仿3:英音,美音的差异A [r] 儿音nervous well lastB 个别的historyC 浊化 [t]---[d]+[t]D 弱化[∧]-------[倒着的那个e,发呃的音,我不会打] butE [a:]-----[象花一样的那个开口很大的AI,不会打...] grass classF [半个0的哦]------------[半个0的哦+l] god4:语音现象连读前辅后元put up take offb p d k g t stop by失爆 As k Bo b to si t behin d me 粉色代表省略解决---跟读模仿语气语调捕捉力1:重读单个单词的重读表示责备,抱怨,不满或者正话反说2:调子有升有降越升越怀疑3:语气小词auch Gee whoop词汇1:口语词汇简单又小do cut makewhat is done can not be undone 覆水难收cut down on 减少make do with 凑合用2:偏难专业词汇3:一词多义turn down 拒绝pick up 买4:习语A:形象理解B:切莫望文生意on edge 紧张all hands 熟练have one's hand full 忙碌be under the weather 身体有恙 eat one's word 收回说过的话dog beat 累的象狗一样思维1:first thing first 抓段子主要观点,重要事先说2:形象 cost me an arm and a leg 很贵3:间接回答课程及学习进程说明1:pre-test2:skill训练+讲义听写9篇补充讲义3:MINI练习8道+听写16篇4:听觉导向练习+听写36篇5:OG训练+听写11篇6:模拟练习7套(临近考试时)注意事项1:熟练操作计算机(写作)2:熟悉答题界面3:熟悉各个部分题型及答题技巧4:计算机突发事件5:提交听力考前训练revolution / evolution 我不记得为什么说这俩词了..1:旧托vocabulary used in the conversation and lectures 谈话和演讲中使用的词汇常用听力中词汇2:跟读模仿旧T先听写,再跟读,语音调调耳朵熟3:听写新T,旧T 提高听力的唯一途径... (重点...)听一句,写一句,听完再写(大家看到这是不是大概知道怎么听了.不是边听边写,肯定跟不上,是听完这句,STOP,然后写)4:泛听内容相近DISCOVERY 国家地理5:note-taking 笔记特征:A 只有自己能看懂B 越少完整单词越好.C 英汉相结合D 符号,线条,曲线,画图并用E 简练,主要在听F 写而有用G 可追忆性检验笔记标准:笔记能复述出100%文章做长对话笔记,要分清人物考试围绕笔记考长对话只关心问和答,语言生活化考试中1:了解题目2:合理利用有效信息提示3:笔记4:不确定的问题不要死想B类问题:所有的细节不需要理解,与主题有关50%得分题C类问题:理解目的,态度 25%送分题P类问题:组织结构推导,举例,比较,影响 25%失分题B类 50% Basic comprehension1:Gist (main idea or overall topic) 4--62:details 8---12每个段子都考主题题推导用多个内容推导ETS女尊男卑一般女音都是积极的,好的一方面对话笔记GIST1:首先记WHO找WHO谈话,为什么谈话目的听准开头 talk about开头句型对话目的全文重复训练关键词(名词/动词)DETAIL事实 the fact is.....描述定义原因because since therefor举例 for e.g比较 A dislike B A unlike B强调语气,强调句式最高级程度副词 ONLY时间数字人名,地名身份,发生事情问答设问A问B答结尾next把握对话--------整体,宏观,脉络上把握,把文章切割,用问答句切割听写的过程(..................多可怕的一节课..哈哈)1:生理上无底线2:刺激,.压力3:理智4:量化,分阶段P类 25% listen carefully (P和C的笔记我都记在平时的练习中了...笔记本上没写.主要就是H ORSE带我们做题了)听力做题时的两个误区1:try to understand everything 解决----听力导向词2:unfamilier with the topic 解决----多读,多了解听力实力两个基本缺陷1:lost attention解决---听写2:lost memory解决---听写历史类段落总概括一:发明史--------------谈发展演变摩天大楼冰箱二:发展史---------------谈在美国的发展钟表交通周末邮政船媒黄石公园三:艺术史----------------谈艺术在美国的发展舞蹈摄影雕刻音乐民间艺术四:历史事件------------谈美国历史中代表性的事件内战热气球历史争议五:历史人物-----谈美国历史中代表性的人物作家艺术家领袖六:科学历史自然科学天文数学争议或错误七:美国历史宪法制陶农业钱币历史类段落必听要素1:主题----主题题信号词develop development origin history historic historical evolution trend 2:影响(双方)发展,发明过程中何对其影响,其作用影响,什么影响,怎样影响3:特点4:时间5:人物生物学----听生物六要素1:什么生物2:habitat3:特殊之处4:濒危否?(濒危原因,如何补救)5:与人类关系生物学家6:与科学技术关系应用到研究中总结各个部分要听的内容和会出题的题目一:开头------------1:主题2:结构题3:目的题对话开始的时候,先在纸上写对话的目的演讲开始的时候,先在纸上写为什么要有这个演讲二:结尾------------1:尾巴推断题2:NEST 题三:强调--------------1:程度副词2:强调句式3:最高级4:语气ONLY四:转折--------------1:转折词2:行文层次举例, 比较, 时间/人物/事物, 定义/描述, 问答, 原因结果OK啦.这些就是馄饨可以记下的可以看的懂的笔记,其他的一些都零落的记在了讲义习题中,大部分是些单词,就是每次做完题以后HORSE会给我们一些段落中出现的生词.希望大家上课都认真记笔记,这也是一笔财富:)最后希望大家坚持到底，梦想成真。
- 1、下载文档前请自行甄别文档内容的完整性，平台不提供额外的编辑、内容补充、找答案等附加服务。
- 2、"仅部分预览"的文档,不可在线预览部分如存在完整性等问题,可反馈申请退款(可完整预览的文档不适用该条件!)。
- 3、如文档侵犯您的权益，请联系客服反馈,我们会尽快为您处理(人工客服工作时间：9:00-18:30)。
生命中，不断地有人离开或进入。
于是，看见的，看不见的；记住的，遗忘了。
生命中，不断地有得到和失落。
于是，看不见的，看见了；遗忘的，记住了。
然而，看不见的，是不是就等于不存在？记住的，是不是永远不会消失？2th & pm4th Feb这两次听力课的内容我放一起了首先老师刚上场就说了一句:得听力者得天下,这足以说明听力在IBT考试中的重要性.因为总共四部分,就有三个部分涉及到听力,可见提高听力水平还是非常重要的.接着他把IBT的听力和老托福的听力做了一个比较.得出的重要结论就是新T的听力材料在内容上丰富了,描述性的语言变多,从某种程度上讲,难度反而降低,以前的短对话,只要有一个词听不懂,那么题目就很难做得对,而现在的题目更加的人性化,语速也比以前的慢了许多.所以说想提高听力成绩并不是想象中那么难.2th一,语音识别能力1,关于语速问题.大家平时做听力的时候跟读和模仿.一要读熟材料,二,可以边听边看边读,三可以只听不看的读2,个别单词熟形不熟悉音,同样可采取跟读和模仿.3,美英之间的差异.4,语音现象.有连度和失爆二,语气语调1,语气重读,单个单词重读时一般表示责备,抱怨或正话反说.2,调子的升和降,当调子越升是大家越要揣摩对白者的心理3,小词三,词汇1,口语词汇2,不会用专业词汇当考点3,一词多义4,习语am 4th一,听力课程进度1,pretest2,skill训练+讲义听写9篇(补充讲义强化)3,MINI练习8篇+听写16篇4,视觉向导练习+听写30篇5,OG训练+听写16篇6,模拟练习7套二,主要把听力题型分为:Gist, Detail, Function, Stance, Organization, Relationship.三,听写是提高听力的唯一途径.在听写过程中要听一句写一句,这也是在锻炼语音识别能力和语言存储能力的过程,一般情况下听不懂的话就听3—5遍,一般3遍.先听写,后跟读,语音语调耳朵熟.四,做笔记的几大特征:1,只有自己能看的懂2,越少完整单词越好3,英文和中文相结合4,借助符号,线条,曲线,图画5,简练—关键是在听6,写而有用7,可追忆性五1,be familiar with the directions2,借助一些题目中给予的照片或图片来帮助你对文中提及的事物的了解.3,至少要记要有10%的内容记在笔记上4,不要花太多时间在一个你不确定的题目上面5,把握时间,因为听力跟阅读不一样,只要跳过就改不了了.6,题型主要会有多选和图表出现.Academic listening skill:1. Basic comprehension2. Pragmatic understanding3. Connecting and synthesizing information六.关于听力考前训练:1,旧托真题中的对话和短文词汇要注意积累2,跟读模仿旧托里的听力材料,电影电视里也可以3,听写是提高听力的唯一途径4,泛听内容相近的材料,例如National Geography or Discovery5,notes-taking七.考试期间的注意事项:1,熟练操作计算机2,熟悉答题界面3,熟悉各部分答题技巧和题型4,计算机突发事件5,务必别忘记提交成绩TIPS:1,越快乐越堕落.工欲善其事,必先利其器.听写是提高听力的唯一途径,这东西他基本上每次上课都要说上10遍,因为他身边无数成功的案例也证明了这一真理.但是听写初期是一个非常痛苦的过程,因为听写不像背单词能在短时间内看到成绩,听写可能在一个月之后才能看到效果,这是一个沉淀的过程,所以同学们,听写吧.听写是提高的唯一途径.2,额外的学习资料不推荐,听力阅读可采用旧托福真题当材料3,长对话练习和旧托Part C分类训练4,机经不是最重要的,但也要关注5,他的个人网站有听写材料,大家可以去下载,论坛也不错6,实用信息:申请的过程才是留学中最重要的过程.有很多人认为成绩好的就一定能上牛校,成绩不好的就一定不能上牛校.这是一个非常片面的说法.所以在申请前还是要多搜集信息和建议.不能盲目.申请还是建议自己申,不要找中介.因为中介不可能帮每一位学生都尽心尽力.申请宜早不宜迟.7,讲了一些关于考试报名和费用已及各个section的分值,这个大家可以去上去查阅.8,用心,努力,刻苦,痛苦是学习听力的四个境界.贵在坚持,坚持不住了,就拿刀插自己.9.在作笔记的时候,好的,正确的用√代替;不好的,错误的用×代替;学科用首字母代替;可分区记笔记,比如老师和学生的对话,还有lecture中两种事物的比较等.6th Feb Listening & ReadingListening大多数原理都已经讲完了.接下来大多是做练习了,然后给大家讲解每一道题的精髓是啥.我觉得这个环节还是挺重要的,因为每次被他这么一分析,题目就变的巨简单,同学们可以去听听课.很久没跟这么多同学一起做题了,感受还真不一般.今天的讲义也不多,但是词汇比较多.我也不把后来几天的提到前面来了,完了之后大家可以自己把我发的这些东西整理成四大section.然后按照上面的精神来练习.我觉得完全可以拿下IBT了.听力的三种题型一B Basic 类(1) Gist听准开头/开头句的句型…talk about…/对话目的/全文重复/训练关键词(2) Detail 听什么记下来什么就选什么事实/描述/定义/原因because,so that/举例/比较/强调强调句式，语气，强调副词all, only/史鉴/数字/人名，地名/问答最有效，最明显/结尾二P Programmatic understanding类(1) Function 判断目的(2) Stance 判断态度理解主题，然后具体到细节。
三C Connecting and synthesizing 类(1) Organization rather than on a single question(2) Relationship 自己推到总结一个答案TIPS:1,First in first.最重要的事情最先做。
2,a听准开头.b对话目的c开头句型d全文重复e训练关键词3,重点放在时间后发生的事情.也就说段子或者对话中的时间是关键词,这等于是一个信号,说明后面的内容比较重要.大家要仔细听了,如果把具体当成重点来记的话会浪费许多时间. 4,听力中应注意的重点部分.a事实b描述c定义d原因e举例f比较g强调h时间i数字j人名地名k问答l结尾5,最容易把设问句的内容作考点.6,从整体,臆群,脉络,层次,逻辑一点一点的切着去听它.Words:1,关于out在听力中常用的用法out of town 出差/out of print绝版/out of breath上气不接下气/out of the way偏远绕道/out of this world举世无双/out of order 坏了make out/figure out 处理解决辨认搞清楚work out/straighten out 搞定处理解决think out/help out 想出clean out/eat/dine out 打扫干净出去吃weed out/give out/turn out 处理解决说出work out 锻炼turn out 结果时，显示出2, 听力中关于hand的常用用法all hands熟练/have one’s handful忙碌/hand in/out/down上缴，奋发，祖传/come in handy 立即马上做某事/give sb. A big hand帮忙，鼓掌3, insectivorous plant食虫动物/carnivore食肉动物/herbivore食草动物/devour吞/chlorophyll叶绿素/nitrogen氮/victim牺牲者/species物种/in depth/venus fly-tray捕虫草/bristle bristle one’s hair with anger怒发冲冠/instantaneously立即马上architect/element/minder阻碍/eyesore 眼睛疼眼中钉4,地理地质account for导致引起/arm海湾/cut off切断/Great lakes美国五大/glacier冰川/carve out 雕刻/earth crust地壳/mantle 地幔5,金钱的词汇change /cash/coin硬币/note纸币/ cheque /credit card/debit card 带密码，从银行提钱 fund/fine罚款/fee费用总称/tuition学费/fare交通费/fringe benefit额外福利/toll过桥费6,专业词汇8do and 8 don’t(八荣八耻)7,一词多意expect预计希望wear 穿戴磨损擦香水put up with 忍受cut down on 减少can you make it?你能来吗？ Make do with凑合着用pick up 摘买8,习语词汇all hands have one’s handful 忙be under the weather 身体不舒服eat one’s words 收回某人的话dragon lady 丑女dog-beat 累得跟狗似的crash course速成班gender biased 性别歧视8th Listening & Reading上午是听力,这部分没有什么笔记了,主要是一些TIPS.时间都用来做题了.Tips:1,背单词并不是学英文,听写才是学英文. 背单词是在短时间内能见成效的,听写的提高是楼梯状的,需要量积累到一定的程度才激发出的.2,把听写当成习惯.大家别嫌我烦,我也不想重复这么多遍,这的确是提高听力的唯一途径,虽然很痛苦.3,自问自答中一定要出题.特别注意!4,”NOW”这个单词非常重要,起到承上启下的作用,是一个重要的信息词.上午讲的不多,主要时间花在做题和讲题上了.listening：1.重点听开头（有主题，结构，目的），结尾（推断），强调（语气，程度副词，强调句，最高级），转折（转折词，层次转折词now）2.不要试图理解每一句话，不要走神！3.历史类的段子包括发明、发展、传媒，艺术，战争，有争议的话题，人物，科学，美国特史（美国宪法，美国钱币等）——要听主题，影响，特点，时间，人物。
生物类听：什么生物，特征，栖息地，是否濒危（如果是，要听原因和人类的补救方式），与科技发展的关系，与人类的关系。