Oracle数据库考试重点

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orcl复习重点部分

orcl复习重点部分

第一章1.简要说明例程与数据库之间的联系和区别?ORACLE数据库是安装在磁盘上的ORACLE数据库文件和相关的数据库管理系统的集合。

磁盘上比较重要的文件包括数据文件,控制文件,重做日志文件,初始化参数文件,口令文件,归档重做日志文件。

例程是由在内从中的一组后台进程和内存结构组成。

2.说明数据库、表空间和数据文件之间的关系?ORACLE数据库的逻辑结构和物理结构的对应关系,一个ORACLE数据库可以拥有多个表空间,每个表空间有多个段组成,每个段由若干个区间组成,每个区间包含多个ORACLE 数据块,每个ORACLE数据块包含多个OS屋里磁盘快。

表空间有多个物理文件支持,具体存储表空间中的个对象。

3.比较表和视图二者间的异同?视图中没有数据,仅仅是一条SQL语句,查询语句检索出来的数据以表的形式表示;视图的定义存储在数据字典中,视图的查询基于表;视图没有直接的相关物理数据,不能像表那样被索引。

第二章1.写出以scott用户登录到数据库orcl,然后查看该用户可以访问的表,视图的相关命令?CONN scott/tiger@orclSELECT * FROM tab;2.设置查询结果的显示格式:每页24行,每行100个字符,SAL列的显示格式为¥99.990.0. SET PAGESIZE 24SET LINESIZE 100COLUMN sal FORMAT $99,990.00第三章1.写出查看某个用户说有用的角色的SQL语句。

CONN stu01/stu01pwd@orclCOLUMN USERNAME FORMAT A10SELECT username,granted_role FROM user_role_privs;2.写出查询当前用户将哪些表的访问权限授予给其他用户的SQL语句。

CONN scott/tiger@orclCOLUMN GRANTEE FORMAT A10SELECT grantee,table_name,grantor,privilege,grantableFROM user_tab_privs_made;3.以系统管理员的身份登录,在SQL*plus中查询各用户获得的系统特权和角色。

oracle数据库期末复习

oracle数据库期末复习

一、填空题1. 每个Oracle数据库都由3种类型的文件组成:数据文件、日志文件和控制文件。

2. 执行立即关闭的命令是_hareg –n oracle_。

3. 改变数据库状态的语句是alter database。

4. 用于创建表空间的语句是create tablespace ,5. 修改表空间的语句是alter tablespace。

6. 向用户授权的命令为grant connect,resource to cdpfzx。

7. 创建用户的语句是create user CDPFZX identified by CDPFZX。

8. 修改角色的语句是alter role 。

9. 在CREATE TABLE语句中,定义主键的关键字是_PRIMARY KEY。

10. 在ALTER TABLE语句中,修改列名的关键字是_______ALTER __________。

11. 在SELECT语句中,设置查询条件的关键字是_____where____________。

12. 在SELECT语句中,实现模糊查询的功能的关键字是_____like_____________。

13. [declarations]关键字标志着PL/SQL程序中声明段的开始,在声明段中可以声明变量、常量和游标等对象。

14. PL/SQL的异常处理代码在异常处理块中实现。

二、选择题1. Oracle 10g的g 表示〔 A 〕。

A.版本 B.网络 C.数据库 D.网格计算2. 登录iSQL*Plus页面时使用的默认端口号为〔 D 〕。

A.1433 B.5560 C.1158 D.15213. 下面不属于Oracle数据库状态的是〔 C D 〕。

A.OPEN B.MOUNT C.CLOSE D.READY4. 删除数据库的语句是〔 C 〕。

A.DELETE DA TABASE B.REMOVE DA TABASE C.DROP DATABASE D.UNMOUNT DA TABASE5. 用于显示所有表空间描述信息的视图为〔 B 〕。

Oracle数据库复习大纲

Oracle数据库复习大纲

Oracle 数据库复习大纲一、Oracle 数据库概述(第1章、第2章)① Oracle10g 中的g 的含义二、创建数据库 ① Oracle 支持数据库的类型有哪三种② Oracle 支持的数据存储方式有哪三种③ 利用Oracle 中哪个应用程序(数据库配置助手)可以创建数据库④ 创建数据库时缺省的5个表空间⑤ 文本初始化参数文件与服务器初始化参数文件的格式差别 ⑥ Oracle 数据库的启动和关闭的3个步骤 三、Oroacle 企业管理器① OEM 通过采用何种方式(通过采用何种方式(Web Web 应用)实现对Oracle 运行环境的完全管理 ② Oracle 提供了三种不同类型的OEM OEM(数据库控制(数据库控制OEM OEM、网格控制、网格控制OEM 和应用服务器控制OEM OEM))③在默认情况下,只有SYS ,SYSTEM 和SYSMAN 三个数据库用户才能登录和使用OEM 控制台。

其中SYSMAN 用户是OEM 控制台的超级用户,是在安装OEM 的过程中创建的,用于执行系统配置、全局配置等任务。

④设置”首选身份证明”的目的是用户通过OEM 控制台访问该目标时,不需要进行显式登录。

四、物理存储结构① Oracle 数据库系统结构由哪两部分组成。

② 物理存储结构是② 物理存储结构是Oracle Oracle 数据库外部数据在操作系统中如何组织和管理数据,与具体的操作系统有关;逻辑存储结构是Oracle 数据库内部数据的组织和管理方式,与操作系统无关。

③数据文件、控制文件和重做日志文件是物理存储结构中最重要的三种文件。

数据文件用于存储数据库中的所有数据;控制文件用于记录和描述数据库的物理存储结构信息;重做日志文件用于记录外部程序(用户)对数据库的改变操作。

④数据文件与表空间的关系:一个表空间可以包含多个数据文件;一个数据文件只能从属于一个表空间。

⑤Oracle 数据库能够把已经写满了的重做日志文件保存到指定的一个或多个位置,被保存的重做日志文件的集合称为归档重做日志文件,这个过程称为归档。

ORACLE数据库及SQL语言考试题一(含答案)

ORACLE数据库及SQL语言考试题一(含答案)

ORACLE 数据库及SQL 语言考试题及答案考试试题说明:试题包括三类,名词解释、ORACLE 数据库知识问答、SQL 语句编写,主要用于考察新同事ORACLE 数据库知识和SQL 语言掌握情况。

名词解释可以在回答中阐明名词的定义和你所了解的任何相关信息,没有字数限制,但避免长篇大论,简要描述即可。

ORACLE 数据库知识问答,重点在于切中要害,回答按点给分,每题2分。

SQL 语句编写检查大家的实际SQL 语句编写能力及掌握情况,注意格式规范,要清晰易读。

一、名词解释一、名词解释1. 数据库数据库是按照数据结构来组织、存储和管理数据的仓库。

2. 实例实例是一组Oracle 后台进程/线程以及一个共享内存区,这些内存由同一个计算机上运行的线程/进程所共享。

3. 表空间表空间是数据库的逻辑划分,用于存放数据库对象,主要是数据表,所以称作表空间。

ORACLE 自身存在一些表空间,如system 、user 和undo 表空间。

数据库用户也可以自己定义自己的表空间,并为每个表空间分配对应的数据文件。

4. 索引索引是对数据库表中一列或多列的值进行排序的一种结构,使用索引可快速访问数据库表中的特定信息。

索引不论逻辑上和物理上都与相关的表的数据无关,索引需要独立的存储空间,所以索引在创建之初就需要设置对应的表空间。

二、ORACLE 数据库知识问答1. 数据表Pirmary Key 和Unique Key 的作用和区别作用:Pirmary Key 和Unique Key 都是为数据表提供唯一性约束。

区别:Primary key 的1个或多个列必须为NOT NULL ,如果列为NULL ,在增加PRIMARY KEY 时,列自动更改为NOT NULL 。

而UNIQUE KEY 对列没有此要求。

一个表只能有一个PRIMARY KEY ,但可以有多个UNIQUE KEY 。

2. dos 模式下数据库用户备份、恢复命令数据库备份:exp 用户名/密码@连接标识符数据库恢复:imp 用户名/密码@连接标识符3. 列举五个常用的集合函数max,min,sum,avg,count4. round 与trunc 在处理数字方面的区别,并举例说明round 返回四舍五入后的值,而trunc 返回截取后的值,不进行四舍五入。

oracle数据库期末考试复习题

oracle数据库期末考试复习题

一名词解释:(5*2 共10分)1. 角色:一组相关权限的集合称之为角色。

2. PL/SQL 语言:是Oracle 数据库专⽤的⽤种⽤级程序设计语⽤,是对标准SQL 语⽤进⽤了过程化的扩展。

3. 游标:用来存储多条查询数据的一种数据结构(结果集或缓冲区),它有一个指针,用来从上往下移动,是指向该缓冲区的句柄或指针,从而达到遍历每条记录的作用。

P2324. 表空间(tablespace):Oracle数据库在逻辑上可以划分为一系列的逻辑区域,每个逻辑区域成为一个表空间,表空间是Oracle数据库中的最大逻辑存储结构,有一系列的段组成。

P495. 段(segment):段是由一个或多个连续或不连续的区组成的逻辑存储单元。

表空间的组成单位,代表特定数据类型的数据存储结构。

6. 区间(extent):区是由一系列连续的数据块组成的逻辑存储单元,是存储空间分配与回收的最小单元。

7. 数据块(block):Oracle数据块是数据库中最小的逻辑存储单元,也是数据库的执行输入/输出操作的最小单位,由一个或多个操作系统块构成。

8. 索引:是一种可选的与表相关的数据库对象,用于提高数据的查询效率。

P989. Oracle 实例:处于用户与物理数据库之间的一个中间层软件称之为实例,由一系列内存结构和后台进程组成。

通常一个实例对应一个数据库。

P65(第五章)10. 序列:是用于产生唯一序号的数据库对象,可以为多个数据库用户依次生成不重复的连续整数,通常使用它自动生成表中的主键,并且不占用实际存储空间。

P115(第七章)11. 同义词:同义词是数据库中表、索引、视图或其他模式对象的⽤个别名。

二单选(10*2 共20分)这些只是范围,没有明确的题,所以基本了解就可以答选择1.在Oracle 数据库的存储结构包括物理存储结构和逻辑存储结构。

2.SGA 中包括数据高速缓冲区、日志缓冲区、共享池、大型池、Java 池、流池等。

Oracle数据库重点

Oracle数据库重点

考试题型:一、单选(2*15)二、填空(1*10)三、设计(4*10)四、问答(5*2)四、问答题:1.简述Oracle物理存储结构的主要存储部分以及各部分的主要功能。

●数据文件——用于存储数据库中的所有数据;●控制文件——用于记录和描述数据库的物理存储结构信息;●重做日志文件——用于记录外部程序(用户)对数据库的修改操作;●初始化参数文件——用于设置数据库启动时的参数初始值;●跟踪文件——用于记录用户进程、数据库后台进程的运行情况;●归档文件——用于保存已经写满的重做日志文件●口令文件——用于保存具有SYSDBA,SYSOPER权限的用户名和SYS用户口令。

2.简述Oracle操作模式有哪两种,它们有什么关系?在Oracle数据库中,数据库的操作模式分为专用服务器(DELICATED SERVER)模式和多线程服务器(MULTITHREADED SERVER)模式两种。

其中,在专用服务器模式中,用户进程与服务器进程之间是一对一的关系,即一个服务器进程只为一个用户进程服务;而在多线程服务器模式中,用户进程与服务器进程之间是多对一的关系,即一个服务器进程可以为多个用户进程提供服务。

3.说明数据库模式与用户之间的区别?数据库模式与用户之间的区别在于:用户是数据库的使用者和管理者,用户具有帐户状态、访问权限和操作权限等属性。

模式是一系列逻辑数据结构或对象的集合,是数据库中对象的组织和管理单位。

4.说明数据库的启动过程。

数据库启动分为三个步骤:创建并启动数据库实例、装载数据库和打开数据库。

数据库启动时首先根据初始化参数文件创建并启动实例,然后根据控制文件装载数据库的数据文件和重做日志文件,最后打开数据文件和重做日志文件,从而启动数据库。

三、设计题:1.P111(1)为USERS表空间添加一个数据文件,文件名为userdata03.dbf,大小为50MB。

alter tablespace usersadd datafile ‘d:\Oracle\userdata03.dbf’size 50M;(2)为EXAMPLE表空间添加一个数据文件,文件名为example02.dbf,大小为20MB。

大学oracle数据库总结(考试必备)

大学oracle数据库总结(考试必备)

大学oracle数据库总结(考试必备)1.下列选项中,关于序列的描述哪一项不正确?(任何时候都可以使用序列的伪列CURRVAL返回当前序列。

)2.oracle中,用来判断列值为空的操作符是(IS NULL)3.下列选项中,那一部分不是oracle实例的组成部分?(控制文件)4.使用传统导出工具EXP导出SCOTT用户的所有对象时,应该选择下列哪一项?(SCHEMAS)5.在oracle中,一个用户拥有所有数据库对象统称:(模式)6.在oracle中,使用HAVING子句亦可以进行条件查询,以下选项说法正确的是(HAVING子句用于对已分组结果的条件查询)7.视图头部中的RETURN语句的作用是什么?(声明返回值的数据类型)8.有字符串数据“TEST”,分别存放到char(10)和varchar(10)类型的字段中,其实际存储长度为:(10 4)9.下列哪一个动作不会激发一个触发器?(查询数据)10对于下面的函数,哪个语句将成功调用?(Sum:=Calc_Sum(23,12))11.DELETE FROM S WHERE 年龄>60的语句功能:S表中年龄大于60岁的记录被加上删除标记12.GROUP BY子句的作用是什么?(查询结果的分组条件)13.查看下面的语句构建了哪一种索引?(复合索引)14.下列哪个语句会终止事务(COMMIT)1.(表空间)是oracle中可以使用的最大的逻辑存储结构,(数据块)是oracle逻辑存储结构中最小的I/O单元。

2.PL/SQL程序块主要包括3个主要部分:声明部分、可执行部分、(异常处理部分)。

3.查看操作数据表中所影响的行数,可通过游标的(%ROWCOUNT)属性实现。

4.(角色)是具有名称的一组相关权限的组合。

5.oracle数据库系统的物理存储结构主要由3类文件组成,分别为数据文件、(控制文件)、(重做日志文件)。

6.在SQL PLUS命令行下,查看EMP表的结构应使用(describe)命令。

最新Oracle 数据库考试重点

最新Oracle 数据库考试重点

1、Which two statements about online redo log members in a group is true?B、All members in a group are the same sizeC、The members should be on different disk drivers2、Which command does a DBA user to list the current status of archiving?A、ARCHIVE LOGLIST3、How many control files are required to create a database?A、one4、Complete the following sentence: The recommended configuration fro control files is?C Two control files on two disks5、When you create a control file, the database has to be:C Open6、Which data dictionary view shows that the database is in ARCHIVELOG mode? C、V$DATABASE7、What is the biggest advantage of having the control files on different disks? B Guards against failure8、Which file is used to record all changes made to the database and is used only when performing an instance recovery? A,Archive log file9、How many ARCn processes can be associated with an instance? C ten10、Whichtwo parameters cannot be used together to specify the archive destination?A.LOG_ARCHIVE_DEST and LOG_ARCHIVE_DUPLEX_DEST第七章1、A collection of segments is a (an): C、TABLESPACE2 When will the rollback information applied in the event of a database crash? C immediately after re-opening the database before the recovery3、The data dictionary tables and views are stored inB、SYSTEM tablespace4 PCTFREE and PCTUSED together should not exceed:A 1005 Which of the following three portions of a data block are collectively called as Overhead?C table directory, row directory and data block header6 When the database is open , which of the following tablespace must be online? A,SYSTEM7 Sorts can be managed efficiently by assigning _____ tablespace to sort operations B TEMPORARY8 The sort segment of temporary tablespace is created:A at the time of the first sort operation9 Which of the following segments is self administered?B ROLLBACK10 What is the default temporary tablespace, if no temporary tablespace is defined? D SYSTEM11 Rollback segments are used for: D ,all of the above12 Rollback segment stores:A old values of the data changed by each transaction第八章1 An Oracle instance is : D All of the above2 The SGA consists of the following items:D All of the above3 The area that stores the blocks recently used by SQL statements is called: B Buffer Cache4 Which of the following is not a background server processes in Oracle?B LGWR5 Which of the following is valid background server processes in Oracle?D All of the above6 The process that writes the modified blocks to the data files is: A DBWR7 The process that records information about the changes made by all transactions that commit is :D None of the above8 Oracle does no consider a transaction committed until:B The LGWR successfully writes the changes to redo9 The process that performs internal operations like tablespacecoalescing is :B SMON10 The process that manages the connectivity of user sessions is: A PMON第十章1 The Database must be in this mode for in instance to be started: C NOMOUNT2 When Oracle startups up , what happens if a datafile or redo file no available or corrupted due to OS Problems?B Oracle returns a warning message and does not open the database3 The RESTRICTED SESSION system privilege should be given toB DBA, who perform structural maintenance exports and imports the data4 When Starting up a database, If one or more of the files specified in the CONTROL_FILES parameter does not exist ,or cannot be opened?A Oracle returns a warning message and does not mount the database5 Bob tried to shutdown normal, Oracle said it was unavailable, and when he tried to startup, oracle said that it was already started. What is the best mode that bob can use to force a shutdown on the server? B ABORT6 Tom issued a command to startup the database. What modes does the Instance and Database pass through to finally have the database open?B NOMOUNT, MOUNT, OPEN7 Diane is a new DBA and issued a shutdown command while her server is being used. After a while she figures that oracle is waiting for all the users to sign off. What shutdown mode did she use: A NORMAL 8 Which script file creates commonly used data dictionary views? B catalog.sql9 In order to perform a full media recovery, the Database must be :C Mounted and Opened using ARCHIVELOG option10 When is the parameter file read during startup?C During instance startup第十二章1 The default tablespace clause in the create user command sets the location for:A Database Objects created by the user2 What does sessions_per_user in a resource limit set?B No. of Sessions Per User3 What value sets the no activity time before a user is disconnected?A IDLE_TIME4 Which of the following statements is incorrect when used with ALTER USER usera? A 、ADD QUOTA 5M5 What view consists information about the resource usage parameters for each profile? B、DBA_PROFILES6 Which of the following is not a system privilege?A SELECT7 What keyword during the create user command, limits the space used by users objects in the database? D QUOTA8 What operations are limited by the Quota on a tablespace? D All of the above9 Profiles cannot be used to restrict which of the following? D time spent reading blocks10 Which of the following is not a role?D CREATE SESSION第十三章1 What option of Exporting allows quicker data extractions? D、Direct = y2 How are exports useful? C Can be used to recover dropped tables due a user error3 What are the 3 levels of Exports?B FULL, USER, TABLE4 The following methods can be used to run exports:D all of the above5 Which of the following are valid parameters for an Export utility? DAll of the above6 What Incremental Parameters can be used with exports?D all of the above7 What can you do to reduce the burden on a rollback segment during the import of a large table?C、COMMIT= Y8 What is an Incremental Export?B Export of rows that have changed since last export9 An Incremental Export is a good strategy for:C all of the aboveD none of the above10 What is a Cumulative Export? A Export of the objects that have changed since last export11 What option of export utility allows for faster extraction of data? B DIRECT = Y简答题:1,为EXAMPLE表空间添加一个数据文件,文件名为example02.dbf,大小为20MB.ALTER TABLESPACE EXAMPLE ADD DATAFILE‘D:\ORACLE\ORADATA\ORCL\example02.dbf’ SIZE 20M’;2,修改USERS表空间中的userdata03.dbf为自动扩展方式,每次扩展5MB,最大为100MB。

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1、Which two statements about online redo log members in a group is true?B、All members in a group are the same sizeC、The members should be on different disk drivers2、Which command does a DBA user to list the current status of archiving?A、ARCHIVE LOGLIST3、How many control files are required to create a database?A、one4、Complete the following sentence: The recommended configuration fro control files is?C Two control files on two disks5、When you create a control file, the database has to be:C Open6、Which data dictionary view shows that the database is in ARCHIVELOG mode? C、V$DATABASE7、What is the biggest advantage of having the control files on different disks? B Guards against failure8、Which file is used to record all changes made to the database and is used only when performing an instance recovery? A,Archive log file9、How many ARCn processes can be associated with an instance? C ten10、Whichtwo parameters cannot be used together to specify the archive destination?A.LOG_ARCHIVE_DEST and LOG_ARCHIVE_DUPLEX_DEST第七章1、A collection of segments is a (an): C、TABLESPACE2 When will the rollback information applied in the event of a database crash? C immediately after re-opening the database before the recovery3、The data dictionary tables and views are stored inB、SYSTEM tablespace4 PCTFREE and PCTUSED together should not exceed:A 1005 Which of the following three portions of a data block are collectively called as Overhead?C table directory, row directory and data block header6 When the database is open , which of the following tablespace must be online? A,SYSTEM7 Sorts can be managed efficiently by assigning _____ tablespace to sort operations B TEMPORARY8 The sort segment of temporary tablespace is created:A at the time of the first sort operation9 Which of the following segments is self administered?B ROLLBACK10 What is the default temporary tablespace, if no temporary tablespace is defined? D SYSTEM11 Rollback segments are used for: D ,all of the above12 Rollback segment stores:A old values of the data changed by each transaction第八章1 An Oracle instance is : D All of the above2 The SGA consists of the following items:D All of the above3 The area that stores the blocks recently used by SQL statements is called: B Buffer Cache4 Which of the following is not a background server processes in Oracle?B LGWR5 Which of the following is valid background server processes in Oracle?D All of the above6 The process that writes the modified blocks to the data files is: A DBWR7 The process that records information about the changes made by all transactions that commit is :D None of the above8 Oracle does no consider a transaction committed until:B The LGWR successfully writes the changes to redo9 The process that performs internal operations like tablespacecoalescing is :B SMON10 The process that manages the connectivity of user sessions is: A PMON第十章1 The Database must be in this mode for in instance to be started: C NOMOUNT2 When Oracle startups up , what happens if a datafile or redo file no available or corrupted due to OS Problems?B Oracle returns a warning message and does not open the database3 The RESTRICTED SESSION system privilege should be given toB DBA, who perform structural maintenance exports and imports the data4 When Starting up a database, If one or more of the files specified in the CONTROL_FILES parameter does not exist ,or cannot be opened?A Oracle returns a warning message and does not mount the database5 Bob tried to shutdown normal, Oracle said it was unavailable, and when he tried to startup, oracle said that it was already started. What is the best mode that bob can use to force a shutdown on the server? B ABORT6 Tom issued a command to startup the database. What modes does the Instance and Database pass through to finally have the database open?B NOMOUNT, MOUNT, OPEN7 Diane is a new DBA and issued a shutdown command while her server is being used. After a while she figures that oracle is waiting for all the users to sign off. What shutdown mode did she use: A NORMAL 8 Which script file creates commonly used data dictionary views? B catalog.sql9 In order to perform a full media recovery, the Database must be :C Mounted and Opened using ARCHIVELOG option10 When is the parameter file read during startup?C During instance startup第十二章1 The default tablespace clause in the create user command sets the location for:A Database Objects created by the user2 What does sessions_per_user in a resource limit set?B No. of Sessions Per User3 What value sets the no activity time before a user is disconnected?A IDLE_TIME4 Which of the following statements is incorrect when used with ALTER USER usera? A 、ADD QUOTA 5M5 What view consists information about the resource usage parameters for each profile? B、DBA_PROFILES6 Which of the following is not a system privilege?A SELECT7 What keyword during the create user command, limits the space used by users objects in the database? D QUOTA8 What operations are limited by the Quota on a tablespace? D All of the above9 Profiles cannot be used to restrict which of the following? D time spent reading blocks10 Which of the following is not a role?D CREATE SESSION第十三章1 What option of Exporting allows quicker data extractions? D、Direct = y2 How are exports useful? C Can be used to recover dropped tables due a user error3 What are the 3 levels of Exports?B FULL, USER, TABLE4 The following methods can be used to run exports:D all of the above5 Which of the following are valid parameters for an Export utility? DAll of the above6 What Incremental Parameters can be used with exports?D all of the above7 What can you do to reduce the burden on a rollback segment during the import of a large table?C、COMMIT= Y8 What is an Incremental Export?B Export of rows that have changed since last export9 An Incremental Export is a good strategy for:C all of the aboveD none of the above10 What is a Cumulative Export? A Export of the objects that have changed since last export11 What option of export utility allows for faster extraction of data? B DIRECT = Y简答题:1,为EXAMPLE表空间添加一个数据文件,文件名为example02.dbf,大小为20MB.ALTER TABLESPACE EXAMPLE ADD DATAFILE‘D:\ORACLE\ORADATA\ORCL\example02.dbf’ SIZE 20M’;2,修改USERS表空间中的userdata03.dbf为自动扩展方式,每次扩展5MB,最大为100MB。

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