瑞丁英语初中语法chapter 12 虚拟语气(教师版)

Chapter12.虚拟语气Subjunctive MoodI本章要点1.虚拟语气的含义2.if句式中的虚拟语气（现在、过去、将来）3.虚拟语气的省略和倒装4.名词性虚拟语气（表示建议，命令，惊叹时的名词性从句）5.虚拟语气的其他用法（常考的相当于if的虚拟）II虚拟语气语法点分述一、虚拟语气虚拟语气（Subjunctive Mood）用来表示说话人的愿望、请求、意图、建议、怀疑、设想等未能或不可能成为事实的情况，以及在说话人看来实现可能性很小的情况。

由于虚拟语气是动词的一种特殊的表现形式，因此动词的变化形式体现出虚拟语气所包含的不同含义。

Jane：Do you think,because I am poor,obscure,plain,and little,I am soulless and heartless? You think wrong!I have as much soul as you and full as much heart!And if God had gifted me with some beauty and much wealth,I should have made it as hard for you to leave me, as it is now for me to leave you.I am not talking to you now through the medium of custom, conventionalities,nor even of mortal flesh:it is my spirit that addresses your spirit;just as if both had passed through the grave,and we stood at God’s feet,equal-as we are![译文]你以为我穷、低微、不漂亮、我就没有灵魂没有心吗？你想错了!我和你一样有灵魂,有一颗完整的心!要是上帝赐予我一点姿色和充足的财富，我会使你难以离开我就如同我现在难以离开你一样。

我现在不是依据习俗、常规，甚至也不是通过血肉之躯同你说话，而是我的灵魂同你的灵魂在对话，就仿佛我们两人穿过坟墓，站在上帝脚下，彼此平等——本来就如此!”二、if句式中的虚拟语气虚拟条件句即非真实条件句：即假设的情况完全不存在或者实现的可能性很小，可以说几乎没有时，就需要用虚拟语气。

其具体表现形式如下列表格♥Attention♥1.与现在事实相反2.与过去事实相反3.与将来事实相反★小试身手★1)明天要是星期天的话，我就去看望我的朋友。

If it were Sunday tomorrow,I would go and see my friends.2)倘若我们没有修建这么多的水库，洪水就会使人民遭受巨大的损失。

The flood might have caused great damages to the people if we had not built so many reservoirs.3)今天早上要是没下雨，我就去买东西了。

If it had not rained this morning,I should have gone shopping.三、虚拟语气的省略和倒装1.对比和分析If the doctor had come last night,the boy would have beensaved.Had the doctor come last night,the boy would have been saved.If it should rain tomorrow,we would have to cancel the outing.从句主语前面，多见于书面语。

★小试身手★1)要是我处于你的位置，我会做的更好的。

(正装)If I were in your position,I would do it better.(倒装)Were I in your position,I would do it better.四、名词性虚拟语气表示建议、主张、要求、命令时的名词性从句。

我们来先观察下列两个句子He advised that we listen to him carefully.What we should remember is his request that we obey the company’s regulations.这以上两个句子对吗？总结：在表示命令、建议、要求、坚持、惊叹时的名词性从句中需用虚拟语气，基本句型：主语＋(should)＋动词原形。

常见的名词性从句中需要用虚拟语气的情况1.虚拟语气在主语从句中的应用It's important that we（should）work out a plan.（带有“要求”的含义）It is requested that Professor Liu（should）give us a lecture.2.虚拟语气在宾语从句中的应用The doctor suggested that he not go there．♥Attention♥wish的宾语的从句，表示愿望，常省去连词that。

I wish it were true．我但愿这是真的。

I wish you had called yesterday．我希望你昨天来过电话。

3.虚拟语气在表语从句中的应用My suggestion is that we(should)send a few soldiers to help them.我的建议是我们应派几个战士去增援他们。

My advice is that you(should)treat her well.4.虚拟语气在同位语语从句中的应用There was a suggestion that Brown should be dropped from the team.有一项建议是布朗应该离队。

♥Attention♥虚拟语气在定语从句中的应用常用在It is time(that)…句型中，定语从句常用虚拟过去式。

It is time the children went to bed.孩子们早该上床睡觉了。

（表示催促）It is time we left.我们该走了。

五、虚拟语气的其他用法1.if only：要是……就好了。

其用法与wish一样，谓语动词的形式根据具体的情况而定。

If only he had asked someone’s advice.The fact is he didn’t ask anyone’s advice.If only the rain would stop.The fact is the rain won’t stop.2.would rather+从句，从句一般用虚拟语气，用法同if条件句。

I’d rather you hadn’t done that.我宁愿你没这样做。

III Review一、选择1.I'd rather that you________home.A.wentB.have goneC.will goD.had gone2.If only I_________to the lecture！A.listenB.will listenC.am listeningD.had listened3.--If he_____,he______that food.--Luckily he was sent to the hospital immediately.A.was warned，would not takeB.had been warned，would not have takenC.would be warned，had not takenD.would have been warned，had not taken4.Without electricity,human life________quite different today.A.isB.will beC.would have beenD.would be5.If you________that film late last night,you wouldn't be so sleepy.A.didn't seeB.haven't seenC.wouldn't have seenD.hadn't seen二、填空1)Had(have)it been a fine day,I would have gone fishing.2)It’s about time I said(say)goodbye.3)He must have been(must be)ill,otherwise he would have attended the meeting.4)He suggested we(should)change(change)another way to solve the problem.5)If you had started(start)your project earlier,you wouldn’t have fallen behind so far.6)He can’t/couldn’t have lied(not lie)to me,for he had given me his words.7)I didn't hear the telephone ring.I must have fallen(fall)asleep then.8)The ground is wet.It must have rained(rain)yesterday.9)They required that we(should)help them get in the crops.(help)10)It was ordered that no smoking(should)be allowed in the library,which made thesmokers unhappy.(allow)11)I'd rather Tom came tomorrow.(come)12)It is about time you took the medicine,sir.(take)13)If there should be no electricity in the future,our life would change a lot.(be)(change)2.Fill in the blanks with words that are correct in structure and proper in meaning.Dreams and RealitiesMary shares(share)a flat with three other girls,but if it were(be)possible,she would live(live)in her own.If she lived(live)in the country,she would buy(buy)a little cottage, and she would grow(grow)her own flats and vegetables.In town,she travels(travels)by underground and goes(go)shopping in big department stores,but she doesn’t like(not like)this at all.If she were(be)in the country,she would ride (ride)her bike,and she would buy(buy)things in the little village shop.She loves(love) walking,and often goes(go)for a walk in town,but the streets are noisy.In the country,she would walk(walk)across the fields with her dog.。