动词时态复习(一)

动词时态复习（一）
一、一般现在时
1. 表示习惯性的动作，常与always, never, every day, often, sometimes等连用。

如：The postman always calls at 7:30.
2. 表示主语的特征、性格或能力。

如：
Ellen is an honest girl, and you can trust her.
Jack writes good English but does not speak well.
3. 表示不受时间限制的客观存在，如客观真理、格言、科学事实等。

如：
Facts speak louder than words.
Food easily goes bad in hot weather.
4. 在时间和条件状语从句中代替一般将来时。

如：
Where will you stay when you get to San Francisco?
I'll pay you double if you finish the work by Friday.
5. 表示按规定、计划、安排发生的动作，常用动词有go, come, arrive, leave, start 等。

如：
The flight for Shanghai leaves at 8:30 tomorrow morning.
二、现在进行时（构成形式为：am / is / are +动词-ing形式）
1. 表示说话时正在进行的动作或发生的事。

如：
The children are making a snowman in the yard now.
2. 表示现阶段正在发生的事，此刻不一定在进行。

常用的时间状语有these days, this week, at present等。

如：
We are preparing for the coming exam these days.
3. 表示一个按计划即将发生的动作，所用动词多是转移动词，如arrive, come, go, leave, return等。

如：
The headmaster is leaving for Beijing this weekend.
4. 表示经常性的动作，常与always, forever等连用，表示赞叹、厌烦等情绪。

如：David is always helping others.
Why are you forever asking questions?
三、一般将来时
▲其构成形式之一为：shall（第一人称）/ will（所有人称）+动词原形，表示将要发生的事，但这种将来意义常带有说话人的主观态度和看法。

如：
You will feel better after taking this medicine.
This time next week I shall / will be in Scotland.
▲另一种构成形式为：be (am / is / are) going to +动词原形
1. 表示“意图”，即打算将来做某事。

如：
Are you going to post that letter by airmail?
2. 表示“预见”，即现在已有的迹象表明将要发生某种情况。

如：
Look! Here come the dark clouds. It is going to rain.
四、现在完成时（构成形式为：have / has +动词-ed形式）
1. 表示过去发生的动作对现在有影响，常与already, yet, never, recently, ever等连用。

如：
They have spent nearly a billion dollars on it already.
2. 表示过去已经开始，持续到现在（可能还会继续下去）的动作或状态，常与since, “for +一段时间”, so far, in recent years等连用。

如：
I have known Joanna since she was born.
3. 在时间和条件状语从句中，表示将来某时已经完成的动作。

如：
Frank will return me the book if he has finished reading it.
【即学即练】
I. 选用括号内合适的内容填空。

1. It ________ (has rained / rains) every day so far this month.
2. This is the second time that I ________ (am / have been) to Paris.
3. He is never satisfied. He ________ (will always complain / is always complaining).
4. Long ago, people didn't know the earth ________ (moves / moved) around the sun.
5. The market ________ (rises / will rise) and ________ (falls / will fall) as its internal feature.
6. —This letter is in French, and I don't speak a word of French. Can you help me? —Sure. I ________ (have translated / will translate) it for you.
II. 选用括号内合适的内容完成下面短文。

Dear Nick,
We 1. ________ (had / are having) a wonderful time here in Prague. We 2.
________ (have been / will be) here for three days now and we 3. ________ (have decided / will decide) to stay for the rest of the week because we 4. ________ (will enjoy / are enjoying) ourselves so much. We 5. ________ (have seen / will see)
the Charles Bridge and the Castle, and this morning we 6. ________ (walked / were walking) around other historic places, including Kafka's house. We 7. ________ (haven't bought / won't buy) any souvenirs yet, but we 8. ________ (have visited / are visiting) some good art galleries and shops. Fortunately, the weather 9. ________ (hasn't been / is) too cold so far. People 10. ________ (will say / say) it can be really bad at this time of year and of course it often 11. ________ (snowed / snows) heavily here! As this is the first time we 12. ________ (have been / are) to Prague, we 13.
________ (think / will think) that we're just lucky.
See you soon.
答案
【即学即练】
I. 1. has rained 2. have been
3. is always complaining
4. moves
5. rises; falls
6. will translate
II. 1. are having 2. have been
3. have decided
4. are enjoying
5. have seen
6. walked
7. haven't bought 8. have visited
9. hasn't been 10. say
11. snows 12. have been
13. think。