故宫介绍英文

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介绍故宫的英文作文

介绍故宫的英文作文

介绍故宫的英文作文Essay 1: The Forbidden CityThe Forbidden City, located in Beijing, is one of the world's most famous historic sites and a must-visit destination for tourists. With its grandeur and cultural significance, it stands as a testament to China's rich history.The Forbidden City was built in the early 15th century during the Ming Dynasty and served as the imperial palace for over 500 years. It covers an area of 180 acres and is home to 980 buildings, making it the largest palace complex in the world. The architecture of the Forbidden City is a perfect blend of traditional Chinese designs and imperial styles, with tastefully decorated halls, magnificent gates, and beautiful gardens.The palace complex consists of two main parts: the Outer Court and the Inner Court. The Outer Court was where the emperor conducted state affairs and held grand ceremonies. It includes iconic structures such as the Hall of Supreme Harmony, the Hall of Central Harmony, and the Hall of Preserving Harmony. The Inner Court was the emperor's residence and was accessible only to his family members and close aides. The most notable building in the Inner Court is the Palace of Heavenly Purity, where the emperor dealt with daily affairs and held court sessions.The Forbidden City also boasts an impressive collection of cultural artifacts. Its museum houses over one million precious relics, including ancient artworks, imperial treasures, and historical documents. Visitors can immerse themselves in the rich history of China as they explore the exhibits, which offer insights into thelives of emperors, empresses, and the imperial households.In conclusion, the Forbidden City is not only a remarkable architectural masterpiece but also a symbol of China's imperial past. It provides an extraordinary opportunity for visitors to witness the splendor of ancient Chinese civilization and gain a deeper understanding of the country's cultural heritage.Essay 2: An Introduction to the Forbidden CityThe Forbidden City, also known as the Palace Museum, is a unique architectural marvel and an embodiment of Chinese culture. Situated in the heart of Beijing, it was the imperial palace during the Ming and Qing dynasties, serving as the political and ceremonial center of China.Construction of the Forbidden City began in 1406 and took 14 years to complete. Covering an area of 72 hectares, it consists of more than 90 palace compounds and over 8,700 rooms. The palace is surrounded by a 10-meter-high wall and moat, which not only served as a defensive measure but also added to its grandeur.The Forbidden City is divided into two main parts: the Outer Court and the Inner Court. The Outer Court housed the emperor's administrative offices, where he conducted official affairs and met with his ministers. The main buildings in this area include the Hall of Supreme Harmony, the Hall of Central Harmony, and the Hall of Preserving Harmony.The Inner Court, on the other hand, was the residential area of theimperial family. It was off-limits to everyone except the emperor, his concubines, and their eunuch servants. The Hall of Heavenly Purity and the Palace of Earthly Tranquility are some of the notable structures in this section.The Forbidden City is not only famous for its architecture but also for its rich collection of cultural relics. The Palace Museum within the complex houses over a million artifacts, including paintings, calligraphy, ceramics, and jade pieces. These treasures provide invaluable insights into the lives of the emperors and the craftsmanship of ancient China.Visiting the Forbidden City takes visitors on a journey back in time, allowing them to experience the grandeur and opulence of the imperial era. It is a remarkable testament to China's history and remains a must-see landmark that attracts millions of visitors each year.Essay 3: Exploring the Splendor of the Forbidden CityThe Forbidden City, an awe-inspiring palace complex in Beijing, is a symbol of imperial power and opulence. A visit to this world-renowned UNESCO World Heritage site offers a chance to delve into the fascinating history of China.Construction of the Forbidden City started in 1406 during the Ming Dynasty, and it was completed in 1420. The palace complex covers an enormous area spanning 180 acres, and its unique architectural style blends traditional Chinese elements with exquisite imperial designs. The buildings are adorned with vibrant colors, ornatecarvings, and intricate paintings, adding to the grandeur of the palace.Divided into two main sections, the Outer Court and the Inner Court, the Forbidden City reveals the intricate lives of the emperors and their families. The Outer Court was where important ceremonies and official state affairs took place. The magnificent Hall of Supreme Harmony, the largest wooden structure in China, was the venue for imperial weddings and enthronement ceremonies. The Inner Court, on the other hand, was reserved for the royal family and their closest attendants. The Hall of Heavenly Purity, where the emperors resided, showcases the luxury and splendor befitting their status.The Palace Museum within the Forbidden City houses numerous historical artifacts that offer a glimpse into the lives of the imperial rulers. Visitors can admire the imperial collections, including ancient calligraphies, rare porcelain, and imperial robes worn by emperors and empresses. Each artifact tells its own story, giving visitors the chance to immerse themselves in the rich history of China.As one strolls through the vast courtyards, magnificent halls, and secret gardens, the Forbidden City continues to inspire awe and wonder. Its sheer size and complexity make it an architectural masterpiece and a testament to the artistic and cultural achievements of ancient China. A trip to the Forbidden City is an unforgettable experience and a chance to be transported back in time to an era of emperors, grandeur, and imperial majesty.。

介绍故宫的英文作文

介绍故宫的英文作文

介绍故宫的英文作文介绍故宫的英文作文想必大家都知道故宫吧,那么,用英文如何介绍故宫呢?下面请看小编给大家整理收集的介绍故宫的英文,供大家阅读参考。

介绍故宫的英文作文1What strikes one first in a bird's -eye view of Beijing proper is a vast tract of golden roofs flashing brilliantly in the sun with purple walls occasionally emerging amid them and a stretch of luxuriant tree leaves flanking on each side. That is the former Imperial Palace, popularly known as the Forbidden City, from which twenty-four emperors of the Ming and Qing Dynasties ruled China for some 500 years——from1420 to 1911. The Ming Emperor Yong Le, who usurped the throne from his nephew and made Beijing the capital, ordered its construction, on which approximately 10,000 artists and a million workmen toiled for 14 years from 1406 to 1420. At present, the Palace is an elaborate museum that presents the largest and most complete ensemble of traditional architecture complex and more than 900,000 pieces of court treasures in all dynasties in China.Located in the center of Beijing, the entire palace area, rectangular in shape and 72 hectares in size, is surrounded by walls ten meters high and a moat 52 meters wide. At each corner of the wall stands a watchtower with a double-eave roof covered with yellow glazed tiles.The main buildings, the six great halls, one following the other, are set facing south along the central north-south axis from the Meridian Gate, the south entrance, to Shenwumen, the great gate piercing in the north wall. On either side of the palace are many comparatively small buildings. Symmetrically in thenortheastern section lie the six Eastern Palaces and in the northwestern section the six Western Palaces. The Palace area is divided into two parts: the Outer Court and the Inner Palace. The former consists of the first three main halls, where the emperor received his courtiers and conducted grand ceremonies, while the latter was the living quarters for the imperial residence. At the rear of the Inner Palace is the Imperial Garden where the emperor and his family sought recreation.The main entrance to the Palace is the Meridian Gate(1), which was so named because the emperor considered himself the "Son of the Heaven" and the Palace the center of the universe, hence the north-south axis as the Meridian line going right through the Palace. The gate is crowned with five towers, commonly known as the Five-Phoenix Towers(2), which were installed with drums and bells. When the emperor went to the Temple of Heaven, bells were struck to mark this important occasion. When he went to the Ancestral Temple, it was the drums that were beaten to publicize the event.Beyond the Meridian Gate unfolds a vast courtyard across which the Inner Golden Water River runs from east to west. The river is spanned by five bridges, which were supposed to be symbols of the five virtues preached by Confucius——benevolence, righteousness, rites, intelligence, and fidelity(3).At the north end of the courtyard is a three-tiered white marble terrace, seven meters above the ground, on which, one after another, stand three majestic halls; the Hall of Supreme Harmony(4), the Hall of Complete Harmony(5), and the Hall of Preserving Harmony(6).The Hall of Supreme Harmony, rectangular in shape, 27 meters in height, 2,300 square meters in area, is the grandest andmost important hall in the Palace complex. It is also China's largest existing palace of wood structure and an outstanding example of brilliant color combinations. This hall used to be the throne hall for ceremonies which marked great occasions: the Winter Solstice, the Spring Festival, the emperor's birthday and enthronement, and the dispatch of generals to battles, etc. On such occasions there would be an imperial guard of honor standing in front of the Hall that extended all the way to the Meridian gate.On the north face of the hall in the center of four coiled-golden dragon columns is the "Golden Throne", which was carved out of sandalwood. The throne rests on a two-meter-high platform with a screen behind it. In front of it, to the left and right, stand ornamental cranes, incense burners and other ornaments. The dragon columns entwined with golden dragons measure one meter in diameter. The throne itself, the platform and the screen are all carved with dragon designs. High above the throne is a color-painted coffered ceiling which changes in shape from square to octagonal to circular as it ascends layer upon layer. The utmost central vault is carved with the gilded design of a dragon toying with pearls. when the Emperor mounted the throne, gold bells and jade chimes sounded from the gallery, and clouds of incense rose from the bronze cranes and tortoises and tripods outside the hall on the terrace. The aura of majesty created by the imposing architecture and solemn ritual were designed to keep the subjects of the "Son of the Heaven" in awe and reverence.The Hall of Complete Harmony is smaller and square with windows on all sides. Here the emperor rehearsed for ceremonies. It is followed by the Hall of Preserving Harmony in whichbanquets and imperial examinations were held.Behind the Hall of Preserving Harmony lies a huge marble ramp with intertwining clouds and dragons carved in relief. The slab, about 6.5 meters long, 3 meters wide and 250 tons in weight, is placed between two flights of marble steps along which the emperor's sedan was carried up or down the terrace. It is the largest piece of stone carving in the Imperial Palace. Quarried in the mountains scores of kilometers southwest of Beijing, this gigantic stone was moved to the city by sliding it over a specially paved ice road in winter. To provide enough water to build the ice road, wells were sunk at very 500 meters along the way.The three halls of the Inner Palace are replicas of the three halls in the front, but smaller in size. They are the Palace of Heavenly Purity(7), the Hall of Union(8), and the Palace of Earthly Tranquility(9).The Palace of Heavenly Purity was once the residence of the Ming emperors and the first two of the Qing emperors. Then the Qing Emperor Yong Zheng moved his residence to the Palace of Mental Cultivation and turned it into an audience hall to receive foreign envoys and handled the state affairs. The promotion and demotion of officials were also decided in this hall. After the emperor's death his coffin was placed here for a 49-day period of mourning.The Palace of Union was the empress's throne room and the Hall of Earthly Tranquility, once a private living room for the empress, was partitioned. The west chamber served religious purposes and the east one was the bridal chamber where the newly married emperor and empress spent their first two nights after their wedding.The Imperial Garden was laid out during the early Mingdynasty. Hundreds of pines and cypresses offer shade while various flowers give colors to the garden all year round and fill the air with their fragrance. In he center of the garden is the Hall of Imperial Peace, a Daoist temple, with a flat roof slightly sloping down to the four eaves. This type of roof was rare in ancient Chinese architecture. In he northeastern corner of the garden is a rock hill, known as the Hill of the Piled-up Wonders, which is topped with a pavilion. At the foot of the hill are two fountains which jet two columns of water high into the air. It is said that on the ninth night of the ninth month of the lunar calendar, the empress would mound the hill to enjoy the autumn scene. It is also believed that climbing to a high place on that day would keep people safe from contagious diseases.The six Western Palaces were residences for empresses and concubines. They are kept in their original way for show. The six Eastern Palaces were the residences for them too. But now they serve as special museums: the Museum of Bronze, the Museum of Porcelain and the Museum of Arts and Crafts of the Ming and Qing dynasties. In the northeastern-most section of the Inner Palace are the Museum of Traditional Chinese Paintings and the Museum of Jewelry and Treasures where rare pieces of imperial collections are on display.Now the Forbidden City is no longer forbidding, but inviting.A visit to the Palace Museum will enrich the visitors' knowledge of history, economy, politics, arts as well as architecture in ancient China.介绍故宫的英文作文2Situated in the western outskirts of Haidian District, the Summer Palace is 15 kilometers (9.3 miles) from central Beijing. Having the largest royal park and being well preserved, it wasdesignated, in 1960 by the State Council, as a Key Cultural Relics Protection Site of China. Containing examples of the ancient arts, it also has graceful landscapes and magnificent constructions. The Summer Palace is the archetypal Chinese garden, and is ranked amongst the most noted and classical gardens of the world. In 1998, it was listed as one of the World Heritage Sites by UNESCO.Constructed in the Jin Dynasty (1115-1234), during the succeeding reign of feudal emperors; it was extended continuously. By the time of the Qing Dynasty (1644-1911), it had become a luxurious royal garden providing royal families with rest and entertainment. Originally called 'Qingyi Garden' (Garden of Clear Ripples), it was know as one of the famous 'three hills and five gardens' (Longevity Hill, Jade Spring Mountain, and Fragrant Hill; Garden of Clear Ripples, Garden of Everlasting Spring, Garden of Perfection and Brightness, Garden of Tranquility and Brightness, and Garden of Tranquility and Pleasure). Like most of the gardens of Beijing, it could not elude the rampages of the Anglo-French allied force and was destroyed by fire. In 1888, Empress Dowager Cixi embezzled navy funds to reconstruct it for her own benefit, changing its name to Summer Palace (Yiheyuan). She spent most of her later years there, dealing with state affairs and entertaining. In 1900, it suffered again, being ransacked by the Eight-Power Allied Force. After the success of the 1911 Revolution, it was opened to the public.Composed mainly of Longevity Hill and Kunming Lake, The Summer Palace occupies an area of 294 hectares (726.5 acres), three quarters of which is water. Guided by nature, artists designed the gardens exquisitely so that visitors would see marvelous views and be amazed by perfect examples of refinedcraftwork using the finest materials.Centered on the T ower of Buddhist Incense (Foxiangge) the Summer Palace consists of over 3,000 structures including pavilions, towers, bridges, and corridors. The Summer Palace can be divided into four parts: the court area, front-hill area, front-lake area, and rear-hill and back-lake area.Front-Hill Area: this area is the most magnificent area in the Summer Palace with the most constructions. Its layout is quite distinctive because of the central axis from the yard of Kunming Lake to the hilltop, on which important buildings are positioned including Gate of Dispelling Clouds, Hall of Dispelling Clouds, Hall of Moral Glory, Tower of Buddhist Incense, the Hall of the Sea of Wisdom, etc.Rear-Hill and Back-Lake Area: although the constructions are fewer here, it has a unique landscape, with dense green trees, and winding paths. Visitors can feel a rare tranquility, and elegance. This area includes scenic spots such as Kunming Lake and Back Lake , which presents a tranquil beauty, Garden of Harmonious Interest , built by imitating the layout of Southern China’s classical gardens, and Suzhou Market Street, endowed with a strong flavor of the water town Suzhou.Court Area: this is where Empress Dowager Cixi and Emperor Guangxu met officials, conducted state affairs and rested. Entering the East Palace Gate, visitors may see the main palace buildings: the Hall of Benevolence and Longevity served as the office of the Emperor, the Hall of Jade Ripples where Guangxu lived, the Hall of Joyful Longevity, Cixi's residence, the Garden of Virtue and Harmony where Cixi was entertained, Yiyun House , where once lived the Empress Longyu, and Long Gallery, which measures the longest in Chinese gardens.Front Lake Area: covering a larger part of the Summer Palace, opens up the vista of the lake. A breeze fluttering, waves gleam and willows kiss the ripples of the vast water. In this comfortable area there are the Eastern Bank and Western Bank, Seventeen-Arch Bridge, Nanhu Island, the largest island in Summer Palace, Bronze Ox, an imposing statue beside the lake, and Marble Boat, built in western style with elaborate decorations . On the western bank float six distinct bridges amongst which the Jade-Belt Bridge is the pretty!介绍故宫的英文作文3The Palace Musieum is also known as "forbbitom City which was built in 1408 . it took 14 years for twenty thousand workers to finish the constraction. it covers an area of 720000 square meters. And it is also one of the five greatest imperial palaces in the world.There are 9999 rooms in the whole Palace. In China the figure 9 is traditionally considered a lucky one.Nowadays, every Tuesday the palace is open to Chinese students without charge.In the Palace, there are treasures with history of 5000 years. It is a 'must' for the visitors both home and abroad. I have been very happy since I knew that you would come to Beijing for travelling. Please let me know when you arrive here so that I will be ready to be your guide.。

故宫英文介绍

故宫英文介绍

故宫英文介绍北京故宫是中国明清两代的皇家宫殿,旧称紫禁城,位于北京中轴线的中心,是中国古代宫廷建筑之精华。

The the Imperial Palace of Beijing is the imperial palace of the two dynasties in Ming and Qing Dynasties, formerly known as the Forbidden City, located in the center of Beijing's central axis. It is the cream of ancient Chinese palace architecture.北京故宫以三大殿为中心,占地面积72万平方米,建筑面积约15万平方米,有大小宫殿七十多座,房屋九千余间。

是世界上现存规模最大、保存最为完整的木质结构古建筑之一。

Beijing Palace Museum is centered on three main halls, covering an area of 720,000 square meters, with a construction area of about 150,000 square meters. It has more than 70 palaces and more than 9,000 houses. It is one of the largest and most complete ancient wooden structures in the world.北京故宫于明成祖永乐四年(1406年)开始建设,以南京故宫为蓝本营建,到永乐十八年(1420年)建成。

The Beijing Palace Museum was built in 1406 in Yongle, Chengzu, Ming Dynasty. It was built on the basis of the Nanjing Palace Museum and completed in 1420 in Yongle, Ming Dynasty.它是一座长方形城池,南北长961米,东西宽753米,四面围有高10米的城墙,城外有宽52米的护城河。

故宫介绍资料英文作文

故宫介绍资料英文作文

故宫介绍资料英文作文英文:The Forbidden City, also known as the Palace Museum, is a must-visit attraction in Beijing, China. It was the imperial palace for the Ming and Qing dynasties and is now a UNESCO World Heritage Site. As a history lover, I was fascinated by the stories behind the magnificent architecture and the lives of the emperors and their families.One of the highlights of my visit was seeing the Hall of Supreme Harmony, which was the largest and most important building in the palace. It was used for important ceremonies and imperial meetings. The intricate details on the roof and the grandeur of the hall left me in awe.Another interesting place was the Imperial Garden, which was designed for the emperors and their families to relax and enjoy nature. It was a peaceful oasis in themiddle of the bustling city. I loved seeing the different plants and trees, as well as the beautiful pavilions and rock formations.Overall, the Forbidden City was an unforgettable experience. It was incredible to see how the emperors lived and the amount of effort put into the palace's construction and design.中文:故宫,又称为故宫博物院,是中国北京必去的景点。

故宫英文简介带翻译

故宫英文简介带翻译

故宫英文简介带翻译The Forbidden City: A Brief Introduction。

故宫,简介。

The Forbidden City, also known as the Palace Museum, is a world-famous attraction located in the heart of Beijing, China. It was the imperial palace of the Ming and Qing dynasties and served as the political and ceremonial center of China for over 500 years. Today, it is one of the most visited museums in the world, attracting millions of visitors each year.故宫,又称为故宫博物院,是位于中国北京市中心的世界著名景点。

它是明清两朝的皇宫,是中国政治和礼仪中心长达500多年的历史。

如今,故宫是世界上最受欢迎的博物馆之一,每年吸引数百万游客前来参观。

The Forbidden City covers an area of 720,000 square meters and contains 980 buildings. It is surrounded by a52-meter-wide moat and a 10-meter-high wall. The palace complex is divided into two parts: the Outer Court, where the emperor held grand ceremonies and conducted state affairs, and the Inner Court, where the emperor and his family lived.故宫占地面积达72万平方米,包括980座建筑。

介绍北京故宫英文导游词

介绍北京故宫英文导游词

介绍北京故宫英文导游词The Forbidden City: An Introductory Guide to Beijing's Imperial PalaceWelcome to the Forbidden City, one of the most magnificent palaces in the world. Located in the heart of Beijing, China, this historic site is a UNESCO World Heritage site and a symbol of ancient Chinese culture. As you explore the winding pathways and magnificent halls, allow me to be your virtual English tour guide, providing you with a glimpse into the grandeur and significance of this imperial palace.History and ArchitectureBuilt during the Ming Dynasty in the early 15th century, the Forbidden City served as the imperial palace for 24 Chinese emperors from the Ming and Qing Dynasties. The complex spans an impressive 72 hectares, comprising of 980 buildings, making it the largest and most well-preserved ancient wooden structure in the world.The architecture of the Forbidden City follows the traditional Chinese style, with magnificent red walls and golden roofs. The main entrance, known as the Meridian Gate, leads to the first courtyard, where you will find five unique white marble bridges representing the five cardinal virtues of Confucianism.The Hall of Supreme Harmony, the largest building in the Forbidden City, is where important ceremonies and grand receptions were held. It is flanked by the Hall of Central Harmony and the Hall of Preserving Harmony, creating a harmonious triad of magnificent halls.Imperial Treasures and Cultural ArtifactsAs you venture further into the palace, you will find yourself surrounded by an impressive collection of imperial treasures and cultural artifacts. The Palace Museum, located within the Forbidden City, houses over 1.8 million artifacts, including delicate porcelain, ancient calligraphy, rare paintings, and intricate jade carvings.One of the most iconic treasures is the exquisite Nine-Dragon Screen, a vibrant ceramic screen adorned with nine fierce-looking dragons. It was constructed to ward off evil spirits and is considered a masterpiece of ancient Chinese craftsmanship.Not to be missed is the Imperial Garden, a tranquil oasis within the bustling palace complex. Its meticulously manicured gardens, beautiful pavilions, and winding corridors offer a serene escape from the grandeur and formality of the rest of the Forbidden City.Cultural Significance and Preservation EffortsThe Forbidden City holds immense cultural significance and serves as a testament to China's rich history and imperial legacy. Its unique architectural style, grandeur, and historical importance have captivated the imaginations of people worldwide.To ensure the preservation of this historical treasure, extensive restoration and conservation efforts have been undertaken. The Palace Museum continues to invest in research, preservation, and educational programs, ensuring the Forbidden City's legacy is safeguarded for future generations.Visiting the Forbidden CityAs you prepare to explore the Forbidden City in person, it is essential to plan your visit carefully. The palace can be quite crowded, so arriving early in the morning or purchasing tickets in advance is advisable. Be prepared for extensive walking, as the Forbidden City spans a vast area.Remember to wear comfortable shoes and dress appropriately for the weather, as you will be spending a considerable amount of time outdoors. It is also recommended to bring a guidebook or hire an audio guide to enhance your understanding and appreciation of the palace's rich history.ConclusionThe Forbidden City, a testament to China's imperial past, stands as one of the most remarkable architectural wonders in the world. Its vast courtyards, intricate halls, and splendid treasures offer a glimpse into the opulence and grandeur of China's ancient emperors. As you embark on your exploration of this iconic landmark, may your journey be filled with awe and admiration for the rich historical and cultural heritage it represents.。

故宫介绍英文初二作文

故宫介绍英文初二作文

故宫介绍英文初二作文英文,The Forbidden City, also known as the Palace Museum, is a majestic architectural complex located in the heart of Beijing, China. It served as the imperial palace for 24 emperors during the Ming and Qing dynasties, spanning over 500 years of history. The Forbidden City is renowned for its exquisite architectural design, rich cultural heritage, and historical significance.中文,紫禁城,又称故宫博物院,是位于中国北京市中心的一座雄伟建筑群。

它曾是明清两代24位皇帝的皇宫,延续了500多年的历史。

紫禁城以其精美的建筑设计、丰富的文化遗产和历史意义而闻名。

英文,The Forbidden City is a symbol of ancient Chinese culture and architecture, reflecting the grandeur and power of the imperial era. Its construction began in 1406 and took 14 years to complete, involving over one million workers. The palace complex covers an area of 180 acres and consists of 980 surviving buildings with over 8,700 rooms.中文,故宫是中国古代文化和建筑的象征,反映了皇权时代的宏伟和力量。

故宫介绍英文作文英语

故宫介绍英文作文英语

故宫介绍英文作文英语The Forbidden City, also known as the Imperial Palace, is a massive palace complex in the heart of Beijing, China. It was the Chinese imperial palace from the Ming dynasty to the end of the Qing dynasty. It is now a museum and a UNESCO World Heritage site.The Forbidden City is a symbol of ancient Chinese culture and architecture. With its red walls and golden roofs, it is a majestic sight to behold. The palace complex consists of 980 buildings and covers 180 acres, making it the largest palace complex in the world.The architecture of the Forbidden City is a perfect example of traditional Chinese palatial architecture. The buildings are adorned with intricate carvings, colorful paintings, and beautiful gardens. The layout of the palace is based on ancient Chinese cosmology and is designed to be in harmony with nature.The Forbidden City is not only a historical site, but also a treasure trove of Chinese art and artifacts. The palace houses a vast collection of paintings, calligraphy, ceramics, and other cultural relics from the Ming and Qing dynasties. It is a must-visit destination for anyone interested in Chinese history and culture.In addition to its historical and cultural significance, the Forbidden City is also a popular tourist destination. Every year, millions of visitors from around the world come to marvel at its beauty and learn about China's rich history. It is a place where the past comes alive, and visitors can immerse themselves in the grandeur of ancient China.The Forbidden City is a place of wonder and fascination, a living testament to China's glorious past. It is a place where history, art, and architecture converge, creating an unforgettable experience for all who visit. Whether you are a history buff, an art enthusiast, or simply a curious traveler, the Forbidden City has something to offer for everyone.。

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故宫英文介绍The Palace Museum, historically and artistically one of the mostcomprehensive Chinese museums, was established on the foundation of the palace that was the ritual center of two dynasties, the Ming and the Qing, and their collections of treasures. Designated by the State Council as one of China's foremost protected monuments in 1961, the Palace Museum was also made a UNESCO World Heritage site in 1987.Situated at the heart of Beijing, the Palace Museum is approached through Tiananmen Gate. Immediately to the north of the Palace Museum is Prospect Hill (also called Coal Hill), while on the east and west are Wangfujing and Zhongnanhai neighborhoods. It is a location endowed with cosmic significance by ancient China's astronomers. Correlating the emperor's abode, which they onsidered the pivot of the terrestrial world, with the Pole Star Ziweiyuan), which they believed to be at the center of the heavens, they alled the palace The Purple Forbidden City. The Forbidden City was built from 1406 to 1420 by the third Ming emperor Yongle who, upon surping the throne, determined to move his capital north fromNanjing to Beijing. In 1911 the Qing dynasty fell to the epublicanrevolutionaries. The last emperor, Puyi, continued to live in the palace after his abdication until he was expelled in 1924. Twenty-four emperors lived and ruled from this palace during this 500-year span.The Forbidden City is surrounded by 10-metre high walls and a 52-metre wide moat. Measuring 961 meters from north to south and 753 meters from east to west, it covers an area of 720,000 square meters. Each of the four sides is pierced by a gate, the Meridian Gate (Wu men) on the south and the Gate of Spiritual Valor (Shenwu men) on the north being used as the entrance and exit by tourists today. Once inside, visitors will see a succession of halls and palaces spreading out on either side of an invisible central axis. It is a magnificent sight, the buildings' glowing yellow roofs against vermilion walls, not to mention their painted ridges and carved beams, all contributing to the sumptuous effect.Known as the Outer Court, the southern portion of the Forbidden City centers on the halls of Supreme Harmony, Central Harmony, and Preserving Harmony. These are flanked by the halls of Literary Glory and Military Eminence. It was here that the emperor held court and conducted his grand audiences.Mirroring this arrangement is the Inner Court at the northern end of the Forbidden City, with the Palace of Heavenly Purity, the Hall of Union, and the Palace of Earthly Tranquility straddling the central axis, surrounded by the Six Palaces of the East and West and the Imperial Garden to the north. Other major buildings include the halls for Worshipping Ancestors and of Imperial Splendor on the east, and the Hall of Mental Cultivation, the Pavilion of the Rain of Flowers and the Palace of BenevolentTranquility on the west. These contain not only the residences of the emperor and his empress, consorts and concubines but also the venues for religious rites and administrative activities.In total, the buildings of the two courts account for an area of some 163,000 square meters. These were laid out precisely in accordance with a code of architectural hierarchy, which esignated specific features to reflect the paramount authority and status of the emperor. No ordinary mortal would have been allowed or even dared to come within close proximity of these buildings.After the republican revolution, this Palace as a whole would have been sequestered by the Nationalist government were it not for the "Articles of Favorable Treatment of the Qing House"which allowed Puyi to live on in the Inner Court after his abdication. Meanwhile, all of the imperial treasures from palaces in Rehe (today's Chengde) and Mukden (today's Shenyang) were moved to the Forbidden City for public display in History Museum established at the Outer Court in 1914. While confined to the Inner Court, Puyi continuously used such vestiges of influence as still remainedto plot his own restoration. He also systematically stole or awned a huge number of cultural relics under the pretext of granting them as rewards to his courtiers and minions or taking them out for repair.In 1924, during a coup launched by the warlord Feng Yuxiang, Puyi was expelled from the Forbidden City and the management of the palace fell to the charge of a committee set up to deal with the concerns of the deposed imperial family. The committee began a sorting and counting of the imperial treasures. A year of intense preparations later, its members arranged a grand ceremony on 10 October 1925 in front of the Palace of Heavenly Purity to mark the inception of the Palace Museum. News of the opening flashed across the nation, and such was the scramble of visitors on the first day that traffic jams around Beijing brought the city almost to a standstill. According to a 28-volume inventory published in 1925, the treasure trove left by the Qing numbered more than 1,170,000 items including sacrificial vessels and ancient jade artifacts from the earliest dynasties; paintings and calligraphy from the Tang, Song, Yuan and Ming dynasties; porcelain from the Song and Y uan; a variety of enamelware and lacquer ware; gold and silver ornaments; relics in bamboo, wood, horn and gourds; religious statues in gold and bronze; as well as numerous imperial robes and ornaments; textiles; and furniture. In addition, there were countless books, literary works and ancient records. All these were divided intoseparate collections of antiquities, library materials and storical documents and placed under teams of staff to sort and collate. Exhibition halls were opened to display some of the treasures, while writers and editors worked away at publishing in book or journal form all the new areas of research and academic inquiry that the establishment of the museum had ushered in. The Palace Museum was soon a hive of activity.Shortly before the outbreak of World War II, the Japanese, having annexed territory in China's northeast, proceeded to march on Beijing. With this looming threat, the museum authorities decided to evacuate its collection rather than let it fall into enemy hands or risk destruction in battle.For four frantic months between February and May 1933, the most important pieces in the collection were packed into 13,427 crates and 64 bundles and sent to Shanghai in five batches. From there they were dispatched to Nanjing where a depository was built and a branch of the Palace Museum established.On 7 July 1937 shots fired around Marco Polo Bridge west of Beijing heralded the eruption of the Sino-Japanese War. Within a year, the Japanese had penetrated to most of eastern China. Now the treasures stored in Nanjing had to be moved again, this time by three routes to Sichuan, where they were secreted in three locations, Baxian, Emei and Leshan. Only at the end of the war were they consolidated in Chongqing, whence they were returned to Nanjing in 1947. By then the Nationalists were considerably weakened, and with the imminent takeover by the Communist armies of areas south of the Yangtze, they began their retreat to Taiwan.Between the end of 1948 and the dawn of 1949, the Nationalists picked relics to fill 2,972 crates for shipping across the Strait. A rival Palace Museum was set up in Taipei to display theseantiquities. Most of what were left were gradually returned to Beijing, although to this day 2,221 crates remain in safe-keeping in storag in Nanjing.During this tumultuous decade of war and revolution, not one item of the treasures was lost or damaged even though the volume involved was enormous. This was largely due to the dedicated energy of the Palace Museum staff, whose achievement in preserving these treasures was nothing short of heroic. But it was also as a result of this long period of upheaval that the treasures have been dispersed. Yet the rationale for keeping the collection together, representative as it is of the motherland's traditional culture, seems so incontestable that most people believe the treasures will be re-united one day.In the early 1950s, shortly after the establishment of the People's Republic, the Palace Museum staff worked with a new will and enthusiasm to return the Forbidden City to its former glory. Where previously the dirty and dilapidated halls and courts lay under weeds and piles of rubbish, some 250,000 cubic meters of accumulated debris were now cleared out, giving the place a sparkling fresh look. A policy of comprehensive rehabilitation was also launched, and in time the crumbling palace buildings, repaired, and redecorated, looked resplendent once more. Allthe tall buildings were equipped with lightning conductors, while modern systems of fire protection and security were installed. It has been a priority of the People's Government, particularly since the beginning of the reform era in the early 1980s, to keep the surrounding moat dredged and clean.As for the collection of antiquities, a systematic inventory was completedduring the 1950s and 1960s, redressing the legacy of inaccuratecataloguing. The collection was moreover augmented, for example by the salvage of a number of precious artifacts from a jumble of apparently worthless objects. After more than a decade of painstaking efforts, some 710,000 relics from the Qing palace were retrieved. At the same time, through national allocations, requisitions and private donations, more than 220,000 additional pieces of cultural significance were added, making up for such omissions from the original Qing collection as colored earthenware from the Stone Age, bronzes and jades from the Shang and Zhou Dynasties, pottery tomb figurines from the Han Dynasty, stone sculpture from the Northern and Southern Dynasties, and tri-color glazed pottery from the Tang Dynasty. The ancient paintings, scrolls and calligraphy added to the collection were particularly spectacular. These included, from the Jin Dynasty, Lu Ji's cursive calligraphy "A consoling letter" (Ping fu tie), Wang Xun's " Letter to Boyuan (Bo yuan tie) and Gu Kaizhi's "Goddess of the Luo River" (Luo shen fu tu); from the Sui Dynasty, Zhan Ziqian's landscape handscroll "Spring Outing" (You chun tu) ; from theTang Dynasty, Han Huang's "Five Oxen" (Wu niu tu ), Du Mu'srunning-cursive script handscroll "Song of the Courtesan Zhan Haohao" (Zhang haohao shi) ; from the Five Dynasties, Gu Hongzhong's "The Night Revels of Han Xizai" (Han Xizai yeyan tu) "; from the Song Dynasty, Li Gonglin's "Painting after Wei Yan's Pasturing Horses" (Lin Wei Yan mu fang tu) Guo Xi's "Dry tree and rock, level distance landscape" (Ke shi pingyuan tu), and Zhang Zeduan's "Going up River on Spring Festival" (Qingming shang he tu)--all masterpieces without exception.Unremitting though this attempt at recovery has been, however, there have been further exertions in recent years to acquire such works as Zhang Xian's "Landscape with Poems (Shi yong tu)" (Song Dynasty), Nai Xian's calligraphy "Ancient poem on south of the city" (Cheng nan yong gu shi) (Yuan Dynasty), Shen Zhou's landscape handscroll "After Huang Gongwang's 'Dwelling inthe Fuchun Mountains'" (Fang Huang Gongwang fuchun shan ju tu) (Ming Dynasty), Shi Tao's ink bamboo "Calling Wen Y uke" (Gao hu Y u ke tu) (Qing Dynasty). The first two were spirited out of the palace by the last emperor Puyi on the excuse of bestowing them on his brother Pu Jie; they fell into the hands of others and only now have been returned to their rightful place in the Palace Museum collection.From the 1950s onwards, the museum's existing storehouses were completely overhauled to provide a damp-proof and insect-proof environment for the treasures. In the 1990s a new storehouse with a capacity of over 600,000 items was built, equipped with controls for maintaining constant temperature and humidity, as well as safeguards against fire and theft. A workshop was established in the 1950s and expanded in the 1980s to encompass a scientific Conservation Department. These not only continued traditions of craftsmanship, but also drew upon scientific discoveries tofacilitate the restoration of damaged relics. In the past few decades the Conservation Department has treated as many as 110,000 objects from the Palace Museum and other public collections. Besides its continuous refurbishment of the main courts and halls, the museum has opened galleries to display bronzes, porcelain, crafts, paintings and calligraphy, jewelry, and clocks to expand the scope of its exhibitions. A number of thematic shows have been held in galleries devoted to temporary exhibitions; in recent years these have included such acclaimed ones as "A Comparison of Authentic and Counterfeit Paintings and Calligraphy","Genuine and Imitation Examples of Ancient Porcelain and Materials from Ancient Kilns", "The Art of Packaging at the Qing Court" and "Selectionsfrom the Finest Acquisitions of the Last Fifty Years". Travelingexhibitions have also graced various provincial museums and broad. In fact, since the beginning of the economic-reform era, an increasing number of exhibitions have been mounted in countries such as Britain, the USA, France, the former Soviet Union, Germany, Austria, Spain, Australia, Japan and Singapore, among others. All of them have aroused great interest and admiration and played a key part in the promotion of international understanding and cultural exchange.The number of visitors to the Palace Museum has risen along with the growth of tourism, in the last decade reaching six to eight million a year.General interest has been further stimulated by the Palace Museum's range of publications touching on both the architecture of its buildings and its vast cultural holdings. Published works include Famous Historical Paintings in the Palace Museum Collection, Selected Porcelain from the Palace Museum Collection, National Treasures, Palaces of the Forbidden City, Daily Life in the Forbidden City, A Collection of National Treasures, and The Complete Palace Museum Collection (in 60 volumes, of which 18 have been published so far). There are also two periodicals, The Palace Museum and The Forbidden City.Since 1997, the Palace Museum's administration has been significantly reorganized. Where previously there were three departments covering conservation, exhibition and research, these have now been split into the departments of Antiquities; of Painting and Calligraphy; of Palace Arts; and the Exhibition, Promotion and Education Department. With substantial investment, the latest technology has been deployed by the newly established Resources and Information Center to set up the Palace Museum website. The website you are now browsing enables all, even those in distant places, to enjoy a sightseeing tour of this mysterious palace and feast their eyes on its splendid treasures.The creation of a state-of-the-art virtual Imperial Palace is no longer just a dream.。

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