非限定动词汇编

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英语中非限定动词的知识点

英语中非限定动词的知识点

英语中非限定动词的知识点关于英语中非限定动词的知识点非限定动词动词不定式意义、形式和特征1)基本概念和形式动词不定式(infinitive)是一种非限定动词,由不定式符号to加动词原形所构成。

动词不定式有动词的特征,同时也有名词、形容词和副词的特征。

2)动词不定式的动词特征a)如果动词不定式是及物的,须有宾语。

如:HewantstostudyJapanese.他想学习日语。

(动词不定式tostudy 后面有宾语Japanese)b)动词不定式可以被状语修饰。

如:Theraincontinuedtofallheavily.雨继续下得很大。

(动词不定式tofall后面有状语heavily)动词不定式加宾语或状语构成动词不定式短语,如上二例中的tostudyJapanese和tofallheavily。

3)动词不定式的非动词特征用法动词不定式具有名词、形容词和副词的特征,所以它在句子中可用作主语、表语、宾语、定语和状语。

1)主语Toleanoutofthewindowisdangerous.把身子伸出窗外是危险的。

Totalkwithhimisagreatpleasure.和他谈话是一件非常愉快的.事。

Todieforthepeopleisagloriousdeath!为人民而死,虽死犹荣。

动词不定式短语作主语时,往往放在谓语动词的后面,而在句首用引词“作语法上的主语。

上述两句即可改为:Itisagreatpleasuretotalkwithhim.Itisagloriousdeathtodieforthepeople.注意也常用“Itis+形容词+动词不定式短语”这样的句型:Itisnecessarytomakeaplanforthiscourseofstudy.必须订一个学习这门课程的计划。

Itisnotdifficulttolearnaforeignifyouspendtimeandeffortonit.小只要你花时间下功夫,学好一门外国语并不难。

英语中动词的非限定形式

英语中动词的非限定形式

一、非限定动词的基本概念1.非限定动词的种类、意义和特征非限定动词有三种:不定式(to Do或do)、动名词(doing)和分词(现在分词doing和过去分词done)。

1)非限定动词与限定动词(谓语动词)的基本区别限定动词在句中可以单独作谓语动词,其形式要与句子的主语的人称和数取得一致。

而非限定动词在句中不能单独作谓语,不受主语的人称和数的限制。

①He likes to sing.他喜欢唱歌。

②They like to sing.他们喜欢唱歌。

(限定动词like受主语人称和数的限制,第一句为likes,第二句为like。

非限定动词to sing 则不受这种限制,它的形式不随主语而改变。

)③The man walking in front was carrying a red flag.在前面的人打着一面红旗。

④The men walking in front were carrying red flags.在前面的人们打着红旗。

(限定词be受主语的人称和数的限制,它的形式须与主语一致。

第一句为was,第二句为were。

非限定动词walking则不受主语的限制,它的形式不随主语而改变。

)2)非限定动词短语及其复合结构非限定动词属于动词的一种形式,因此还保留着动词的某些特征:及物动词要有宾语,连系动词要有表语,可以有状语来修饰,而且有时态和语态的变化。

①He promised to Do it tonight.他答应今天晚上做。

(非谓语动词to Do 的动词性质表现在它有宾语it和状语tonisht。

)②I am sorry to have Disturbed you.我打扰了你,对不起。

(to have Disturbed是动词不定式to Disturb的完成式,说明非限定动词有时态上的变化。

)③I saw a girl Drawing a picture in the house.我看见一个女孩在那所房子里画画。

英语中的非限定动词 (Nonfinite Verbs)讲解

英语中的非限定动词 (Nonfinite Verbs)讲解

非限定动词有语态和时态的变化。
语态
时态 一般式 进行式 完成式 一般式 完成式 一般式
主动
被动
动词不定式
to do to be doing to have done doing having done /
现在分词, 动名词 过去分词
to be done / to have been done being done having been done done
4). 用些动词后面用动名词和不定式所表示的意思不一样, 动名词表示动作已发生,不定式表示动作尚未发生。如: remember , forget, regret…例如: I remember locking the door.(“记得已经……) Please remember to lock the door when you leave.(别 忘……) 说明:need, want, require等表示 “需要”意义时, 其后 的宾语用动名词的主动式表示被动含义,或用不定式的被 动式。例如: The shoes need mending / to be mended. These young trees want watering / to be watered. The wounded soldier requires looking after / to be looked after.
3.作宾语 不定式与动名词作宾语的用处较广,其区别也较 复杂,下面分几种情况进行比较: 1). 有些动词后面,既可以用不定式也可用动名词。 不定式表示某次具体的动作,动名词表示的经常性、 习惯性的动作。如:begin, start, continue, fear, like, dislike, love…例如: I like playing tennis, but don’t like to play it in such hot weather. 2). 有些动词后面用动名词。如:admit, advise, appreciate, avoid, can’t help, consider, delay, excuse, enjoy, escape, finish, imagine, keep (on), mind, practice, suggest, understand, forgive, miss, risk, can’t stand, permit…例如:

英语中的非限定动词 (Nonfinite Verbs)

英语中的非限定动词 (Nonfinite Verbs)

If you want to improve your spoken English, you should often practice speaking English. 3)有些动词后面用不定式。如:wish, hope, manage, ask, offer, promise, pretend, decide, learn, agree, care, choose, determine, expect, afford, arrange, attempt, beg,, dare, demand, desire, fail, long, prepare, refuse… 另外,tell, show, teach, find out, decide, discuss, learn 等 动词常用“连接代词/ 副词+ 不定式”结构作宾 语。如: He offered to help us. They will tell us how to repair farm tools.
英语中的非限定动词 (Nonfinite Verbs)
非限定动词的特点: 1.非限定动词没有人称和数的变化。比较: He likes to play football. They like to play football. 2.如果非限定动词是及物动词,须有宾语。如: I get up early to read English in the morning. I suggest having a meeting. 3.非限定动词可以有状语修饰。如: I prefer to go there by bike. Excuse me for coming late.
2分词作表语时,在形式上与进行时态或被动语 态一样,但意义上是有区别的。比较:

非限定性动词

非限定性动词
修饰语 Don't disturb the sleeping dog.(现在分词) Can you remove the damaged machine?(过去分词) That is the only thing to do.(不定式动 词) The sailors came in a fishing boat.(动 名词)
非限定性动词
基本内容
英语动词有限定(finite)和非限定(non-finite) 两类。 句子中的谓语动词(predicative verb)是限 定的;限定动词受人称(person)和数目(number )的限制。此外,还有时态(tense )、语态 (voice)和情态(mood)等。例如: ① Good leaders serve the people wholeheartedly. ② Jason is giving a public lecture. ③ Who did it? ④ I would appreciate it if you could do me a favour.

三 当宾语 不定式动词和动名词都可充当及 物动词的宾语。例如: ● The baby wanted to drink milk. ● Janet suddenly stopped talking. 它们 也可以成为介词的宾语,但除了“except, but, about, than”之外,介词的宾语多数是 动名词。 例如: I am tired of repeating the same point. Most of us desired nothing except to succeed. Betty did nothing useful but talk(不 带”to”)。 That weak old man is about to die.

非限定动词汇总

非限定动词汇总

10.1.1 非限定动词的含义和种类1)非限定动词(non-finite verb)作为动词的非谓语形式,不受主语的人称和数的限制,不能在句中做谓语,这是非限定动词与限定动词(谓语动词)的主要区别。

2)非限定动词没有语法上的主语,但往往有逻辑上的主语。

例 1 Experts hope to find a solution to the problem.专家们希望能找到解决这一问题的方法。

(不定式to find…的逻辑主语是句子主语experts。

)例 2 It would be difficult for the youth to understand this.要让年轻人理解这一点是会很难的。

(不定式的逻辑主语是theyouth)3)非限定动词有三种,即不定式(infinitive),动名词(gerund)和分词(participle)。

分词又有现在分词(present participle)和过去分词(past participle)两种。

10.1.2 非限定动词的性质非限定动词具有双重性质,即动词性质和非动词性质。

1)限定动词的动词性质表现在:非限定动词有时态和语态变化,有肯定与否定形式,可被状语修饰,可带宾语等。

2)非限定动词的非动词性质表现在:不定式和动名词具有名词性质,而分词具有形容词性质。

10.1.3 非限定动词的语法作用由于不定式和动名词具有名词性质,因此可在句中做主语、表语、定语、宾语和补语;另外不定式和介词+ 动名词还可做状语。

而由于分词具有形容词性质,因此可在句中做表语、定语、状语和补语,但不能做主语和宾语。

10.1.4 非限定动词短语及其复合结构由于非限定动词具有动词性质,因此可与表语、宾语、状语等修饰语连用,构成非限定动词短语,即不定式短语,动名词短语和分词短语。

非限定动词短语的逻辑主语可以是句子中的某一成分(如主语或宾语等),如10.1.1中的例1;而其本身也可以带逻辑主语,构成非限定动词复合结构,如10.1.1中的例2。

非限定动词

非限定动词

非限定动词非限定动词又叫做非谓语动词,不受主语的人称和数的限制,没有人称和数的变化,不能单独做谓语。

非限定动词有三种形式:不定式infinitive、动名词、分词participle。

非限定动词具有动词、名词、形容词和副词的某些特征。

To swim in this river is dangerous.Swimming in river is dangerous.To see is to believe.Seeing is believing.Doing is better than thinking.Lying is wrong.To read more words is necessary.It is no easy job to master a foreign language.It is necessary to remember to swithch off the light.在用it代替动名词作主语的句子中,作表语的词类通常有所限制,常常是下列词或词组:No good no use waste fun nuisance dangerous foolish interesting senseless worthwhile useless better hard niceLearning without practice is no good.It is no good learning without practice.It is a waste of time doing it.It is no use crying over spilt milk.It is not fun being an actor.It is foolish behaving like that.疑问词when、where、how、what、which 等+不定式作主语时,不定式不能换成动名词。

What to do next is unknown.Where to make this experiment has not been discussed..I don’t know What to do next. 疑问词+不定式做宾语Eg.1.it’s no use ____ (go) there today.2.In a shop _____ customers.A it is important to pleaseB it is important pleasingC there is important pleasingD there is important to please3. how exciting it was _____ (listen) to the story of his adventures!4. He said how _____(answer) the question is unknown to him.5. It is our policy ___ to the outside world.A. being open upB. open upC. to open upD. to be opened upNo smoking!No parking!No spitting!The present situation is encouraging.The phenomenon is interesting.Five pages are missing.The film we saw last night is quite moving.Our main task is building our country into a modern powerful socialist one.One common way to get heat is burning fuels.If an explanation is confusing, you get confuesed.This book is interesting.I feel tired.只要求以动词不定式做宾语的常用动词:答保要打假希期(14)Promise consent guarantee pledge demand ask aim mean pretend profess wish hope expect desire设宣申负愿花力(7)Manage swear apply undertake care can afford endeavor提安同学准声敢(7)Offer arrange agree learn prepare claim dare偏威三决拒恳企(8)choose threaten determine decide resolve refuse beg seek只允许以动名词做宾语的常用动词:二允承忍不想包(12)Allow permit acknowledge admit resist endure detest dislike imagine fancy include involve建原乘三加二逃(8)Advise suggest recommend excuse pardon forgive escape evade 考避介欣练三推(8)Consider avoid mind enjoy practice defer delay postpone禁怨错打完成否(6)Forbid resent miss contemplate finish deny停提连报不禁赞(6)Stop mention keep report can’t help favor不容回忆促感冒(5)Can’t stand recollect facilitate appreciate riskShe promised to attend this meeting.Thay pledged to finish the task in time.He asked to speak to her.I hope to see you soon.Would you like to come and have a chat with me.You must endeavor to do better.She offered to help me to study English.I have arranged to see him tomorrow morning.We do not allow smoking in the classroom.He dislikes seeing her again.I suggest delaying the meeting.We first practice writing sentence.We must try to avoid repeating the errors.Would you mind opening the window?She could n’t stand having nothing to do.既可以用不定式做宾语,又可以用动名词做宾语的动词:Begin start continue cease can’t bear hate like love prefer propose understandWill you start to learn\learning?常要求以疑问词when where how whom what which whether+不定式作宾语的动词:记住忘记两明白(4)Remember forget see understand查明想知两认为(5)Find out wonder know consider think告诉说明两决定(4)Tell show decide settle讨论解释有学问(4)Discuss explain learn askDid you see him go out?要用不带to的不定式作宾补的动词:两听四使四个看注意感觉在后边知帮发现有特殊宾补to be, to不删Hear listen to have make let see watch look at observe notice feel know help findI heard her sing this song.Did you notice anyone go out?He observed someone open the door.He felt them to be right.能用带to的不定式作宾补的动词:Leave cause get set force oblige 强迫drive迫使advise press敦促劝说persuade说服ask tell intend want beg expect request allow permit urge激励encourage order warn teach forbid禁止wishFind believe understand declare know consider think feel suppose judge imagine prove love like hate preferThey find the Chinese people (to be) happy.I hate you to do that.I learn to drive a car.He teaches me to drive a car.Why did you advise him to do that?Tell them not to wait any longer.Leave him to do it himself.I saw him go upstairs.I saw him going upstairs.We found him changed.You have to have your hair cut.I will have a new suit made.作定语的区别:I found an opportunity to go there.I found an opportunity of going there.What is the best way to learn English?Building materialsThe changing worldThe changed worldThe burning logThe burned logThe solution adoptedAn adopted childThe method usedThe used booksA sleeping car a sleeping childA dancing room a dancing girl不定式与分词作状语:She wept to hear the news.He dropped the plate, breaking it into pieces.The bed is too small to sleep in.He wrote so carefully as to make every word clear. Heated, metal expands.。

英语中动词的非限定形式

英语中动词的非限定形式

一、非限定动词的基本概念1.非限定动词的种类、意义和特征非限定动词有三种:不定式(to Do或do)、动名词(doing)和分词(现在分词doing和过去分词done)。

1)非限定动词与限定动词(谓语动词)的基本区别限定动词在句中可以单独作谓语动词,其形式要与句子的主语的人称和数取得一致。

而非限定动词在句中不能单独作谓语,不受主语的人称和数的限制。

①He likes to sing.他喜欢唱歌。

②They like to sing.他们喜欢唱歌。

(限定动词like受主语人称和数的限制,第一句为likes,第二句为like。

非限定动词to sing 则不受这种限制,它的形式不随主语而改变。

)③The man walking in front was carrying a red flag.在前面的人打着一面红旗。

④The men walking in front were carrying red flags.在前面的人们打着红旗。

(限定词be受主语的人称和数的限制,它的形式须与主语一致。

第一句为was,第二句为were。

非限定动词walking则不受主语的限制,它的形式不随主语而改变。

)2)非限定动词短语及其复合结构非限定动词属于动词的一种形式,因此还保留着动词的某些特征:及物动词要有宾语,连系动词要有表语,可以有状语来修饰,而且有时态和语态的变化。

①He promised to Do it tonight.他答应今天晚上做。

(非谓语动词to Do 的动词性质表现在它有宾语it和状语tonisht。

)②I am sorry to have Disturbed you.我打扰了你,对不起。

(to have Disturbed是动词不定式to Disturb的完成式,说明非限定动词有时态上的变化。

)③I saw a girl Drawing a picture in the house.我看见一个女孩在那所房子里画画。

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10.1.1 非限定动词的含义和种类1)非限定动词(non-finite verb)作为动词的非谓语形式,不受主语的人称和数的限制,不能在句中做谓语,这是非限定动词与限定动词(谓语动词)的主要区别。

2)非限定动词没有语法上的主语,但往往有逻辑上的主语。

例 1 Experts hope to find a solution to the problem.专家们希望能找到解决这一问题的方法。

(不定式to find…的逻辑主语是句子主语experts。

)例 2 It would be difficult for the youth to understand this.要让年轻人理解这一点是会很难的。

(不定式的逻辑主语是theyouth)3)非限定动词有三种,即不定式(infinitive),动名词(gerund)和分词(participle)。

分词又有现在分词(present participle)和过去分词(past participle)两种。

10.1.2 非限定动词的性质非限定动词具有双重性质,即动词性质和非动词性质。

1)限定动词的动词性质表现在:非限定动词有时态和语态变化,有肯定与否定形式,可被状语修饰,可带宾语等。

2)非限定动词的非动词性质表现在:不定式和动名词具有名词性质,而分词具有形容词性质。

10.1.3 非限定动词的语法作用由于不定式和动名词具有名词性质,因此可在句中做主语、表语、定语、宾语和补语;另外不定式和介词+ 动名词还可做状语。

而由于分词具有形容词性质,因此可在句中做表语、定语、状语和补语,但不能做主语和宾语。

10.1.4 非限定动词短语及其复合结构由于非限定动词具有动词性质,因此可与表语、宾语、状语等修饰语连用,构成非限定动词短语,即不定式短语,动名词短语和分词短语。

非限定动词短语的逻辑主语可以是句子中的某一成分(如主语或宾语等),如10.1.1中的例1;而其本身也可以带逻辑主语,构成非限定动词复合结构,如10.1.1中的例2。

10.2.1 不定式和动名词做主语不定式和动名词可做句子主语,而分词则不能。

例 1 To see once is better than to hear a hundred times.百闻不如一见。

例 2 Putting on airs is absolutely impermissible.决不允许摆架子。

10.2.2 不定式和动名词做主语的区别一般情况下,不定式和动名词做主语可以互相通用,只是不定时更强调结果,而动名词更强调过程。

试比较:A)To see is to believe.B)Seeing is believing.眼见为实。

(这两句没有什么区别)但有时二者是有明确差异的:1)不定式更侧重表示具体的或一次性的(特别是将来的)动作,其动作的执行者是有所指的(句子谓语往往用一般过去式或一般现在式,单数形式);而动名词更倾向于表示一般的或抽象的多次性的行为,其动作往往不与特定的执行者联系在一起(句子谓语往往用一般现在式,单数形式)。

A)Playing with fire is dangerous.玩火危险。

(泛指“玩火”一事,不特指行为执行者。

)B)To play with fire is dangerous.玩火危险。

(指“玩火”的具体行为,行为发出者在讲话人心中有所指。

)2)在疑问句中,若主语置于句首,则只能用动名词,不能用不定式。

例如Will our saying so hurt her?我们这样说会伤害她么?(不能说Will for us to say so hurt her? 但可以用形式主语it 将不定式后置,写成Will it hurt her for us to say so”)3)句子的主语和表语要同时用不定式或动名词。

试比较:A)To protect forests is to keep natural balance.B)Protecting forests is keeping natural balance.保护森林就是保持生态平衡。

10.2.3 形式主语it当代英语中,通常用it 做形式主语,将不定式和动名词置于谓语后面,特别是主语较长时,或在一些习惯用法中。

1)谓语是系表结构(be + 形容词/ 名词)时,常将不定式后置,构成句型“it + be +表语(形容词/ 名词)+ 不定式”。

例 1 It is my duty to care for that patient.照料那位病人是我的职责。

(做主语的不定式to care for that patient 后置,it为形式主语)例 2 It is not an easy thing to master a foreign language.掌握一门外语不是件容易的事。

例 3 It isn’t right to speak ill of someone behind his back.在别人背后说坏话是不对的。

2)当谓语是take,make,pay,cost ,require,feel,need 等动词时,或者是与情绪有关的动词delight,amuse,excite,annoy,irritate 等时,习惯上常用it 做形式主语,并将不定式后置。

例 1 It takes only ten minutes to get there.到那儿只需十分钟。

例 2 It pays to be honest.诚实是不会吃亏的。

例 3 It feels good to stay away from the crowded city.能远离拥挤的城市,感觉真不错。

例 4 It annoyed her to see someone spit on the ground.看见有人随地吐痰让她很生气。

3)同不定式一样,动名词也可用于“it + be + 表语+ 动名词”句型中,二者的区别可参见10.2.2 中1)的论述。

下面两组句子没有多大差异。

例 1 A)It is a waste of time to argue with himB)It is a waste of time arguing with him. 和他争辩是浪费时间。

例 2 A)It is worthwhile to discuss this again.B)It is worthwhile discussing this again.这一点值得在讨论一下。

4)但表语是(of)no use,not any use,not the slightest use,no good,not much good,fun 等时,常用动名词(不用不定式)做主语并后置,用it 做形式主语。

例如It’s no use crying over spilt milk.覆水难收。

5)动名词还可在there be 句型中做主语(不能用不定式),常见形式为“there is no + 动名词”或“there is no / any + 名词+ 动名词”。

例 1 There is no denying the fact.事实无可否定。

例 2 There isn’t any use trying again.再试也没用。

10.3.1 不定式和动名词做表语不定式和动名词做表语时,其主语通常是:1)某些抽象名词,如aim,business,duty,hope,idea,job,mistake,plan,suggestion,wish,work,policy,hobby,problem等。

例 1 My purpose has been to point out the importance of language learning.我的目的是指出语言学习的重要性。

例 2 My hobby is collecting stamps. 我的业余爱好是集邮。

2)what 等引导的名词性从句。

例 1 What the teacher suggested was to buy a dictionary.老师建议买字典。

例 2 What I like most is reading novels.我最喜欢读小说。

3)不定式或动名词,参见10.2.2 之3)。

10.3.2 不定式和动名词做表语的区别有时一个句子即可用不定式又可用动名词做表语,其意义是否有区别同不定式和动名词做主语的情况。

(参见10.2.2)10.3.3 分词做表语1)现在分词和过去分词都可做表语;现在分词往往表示主语所具有的特征,而过去分词往往表示主语所处的状态。

例 1 The day is so charming. Let’s go for an outing.天气真好。

我们去郊游吧。

例 2 She looked rather disappointed, and left without saying a word.她显得很失望,一句话没说就走了。

2)这类分词往往具有形容词性质或几乎已经变成了形容词,可用very 来修饰,可有比较级形式。

例如He was very interested in sports when he was at the middle school .他在中学时对体育很感兴趣。

3)这类分词常见的有:alarming(令人惊慌的)amusing(有趣的),charming(迷人的),encouraging(鼓舞人心的),confusing,demanding(要求高的)disappointing,discouraging,exciting,interesting,inviting(诱人的),promising(有前途的),astonishing,refreshing(清新的),shocking(令人吃惊的),striking(惊人的),surprising,tiring,advanced,aged(年老的),amused,astonished,contented(满足的),excited,exhausted (筋疲力尽的),experienced(经验丰富的),interested,complicated,confused,pleased,puzzled,qualified,satisfied,surprised,tired,worried等。

注 1一般情况下修饰具有形容词性质的分词(特别是现在分词),表示程度的副词有very,quite,rather,too 等;而修饰不具有形容词性质的分词则不能用very,可用much,quite 等。

例 1 a very / quite interesting book一本很有趣的书(不能说a much interesting book;a much more interesting book中much 是修饰more)例 2 several screaming children几个尖声喊叫的孩子(screaming 不具有形容词性质,不能用very 来修饰)注 2 许多过去分词若具有较强的动作性质需用much,very much来修饰,若具有较强的形容词性质(强调状态)需用very 来修饰(但完全形容词化的过去分词做定语必须用very)例 1 We were much / very much surprised to hear the news.听到这个消息我们感到很吃惊。

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