医学微生物学单词英汉对照
医学微生物学基本词汇英汉对照表
单词注释单词注释a cacquiredimmun odificiencysyn drome 获得性免疫缺陷综合征（艾滋病）schlamydiapsittaci 鹦鹉热衣原体activeimmunit 自动免疫chlamydiatrachomatis 沙眼衣原体acuteinfection 急性感染chronicinfection 慢性感染acyclovir 无环鸟苷classicalbiotype 古典生物型adenoviridae 腺病毒科clostridium 梭状芽胞杆菌属adenovirus 腺病毒cl.botulinum 肉毒梭菌adhesin 粘附素cl.difficile 艰难梭菌adsorption 吸附cl.perfringens 产气荚膜杆菌amantadine 金刚烷胺cl.tetani 破伤风梭菌amphotericinb 二性霉素b coagulase 血浆凝固酶anaerobicbacteria厌氧菌coccidioidesimmitis 厌酷球孢子菌antibiotic 抗生素coccus 球菌antigenicdrift 抗原性漂移colonizzationfactor 定居因子antigenicshift 抗原性转变complexsymmetry 复合对称antisepsis 防腐continuouscellculture 传代细胞培养antitoxicimmunity抗毒素性免疫 cordfactor 索状因子antitoxin 抗毒素core 核心apparentinfection显性传染coronaviridae 冠状病毒科arenaviridae 沙粒病毒科corynebacterium 棒状杆菌属artificialactiveimmunity人工自动免疫 c.diphtheriae 白喉杆菌artificialpassiveimmunity人工被动免疫 coxiella 柯克斯体属aspergillus 曲霉菌coxsackievirus 柯萨奇病毒asepsis 无菌cryptococcusneoformans 新新型隐球菌assembly 装配cubicsymmetry 立体对称avp 抗病毒蛋白cytociticinfection 杀细胞感染bacillicalmette-guerin,bcg卡介苗cytomegalovirus 巨细胞病毒bacillus 杆菌cytopathogeniceffect 细胞致病作用b.anthraci 炭疽杆菌c-onc 细胞原癌基因b dbacteremia 菌血症defectiveinterferingparticles 缺损干扰颗粒bacteriocin 细菌素denguevirus 登革病毒bacteriod 类杆菌dermatophytes 皮肤丝状菌b.fragilis 脆弱类杆菌diphtheria 白喉b.melaninogeni黑色素类杆菌 diplococcus 双球菌cusbacteriophage 噬菌体diploidcellculture 二倍体细胞培养bacterium 细菌disinfection 消毒blastomycesdermatitidis皮炎芽生菌enteroniavasiveescherichiacol,eiec 肠侵袭性大肠杆菌bordetellapertussis百日咳杆菌endogenousinfection 内源性感染borrelia 疏螺旋体属el-torbiotype 埃尔托生物型b.recurrentis 回归热螺旋体 endotoxin 内毒素b.vincenti 奋森氏螺旋体entericcytopathogenichumanorpanvirus,埃可病毒b.burdorfe 莱姆病螺旋体 enterobacteriaceae 肠粘附性大肠杆菌botulism 肉毒中毒enterohemorrhagicescherichiacoli,etec肠产毒性大肠杆菌brucella 布氏杆菌属enterovirus 肠道病毒br.bovis 牛布氏杆菌envelope 囊膜br.melitensis 羊布氏杆菌enteropathogincescherichiacoli,epec肠致病性大肠杆菌br.suis 猪布氏杆菌epidermophyton 表皮癣菌属bunyaviridae 布尼安病毒科 epstein-barrvirus,ebviruseb eb病毒calmett-guerinsvaccine卡介苗escherichia 埃希氏菌属campylobacter 弯曲菌属 e.coli 大肠杆菌c.jejuni 空肠弯曲菌exogenousinfection 外源性感染candidaalbicans白色念珠菌exotoxin 外毒素capsid 衣壳fimbriae 纤毛capsomere 壳微粒flagellum 鞭毛capsule 荚膜flaviviridae 黄病毒科carrier 带菌者fungus 真菌cellculture 细胞培养fusion 融合cellfusion 细胞融合ganciclovir 丙氧鸟苷cellwall 细胞壁geneticengineering 基因工程chitin 甲壳质geneticrecombination 基因重组chlamydiae 衣原体growthinhibitiontest 生长抑制实验chlamydiapneumonia肺炎衣原体guarneiribody 顾氏小体hantaanvirus 汉滩病毒horizontaltansmission 水平传播hantavirus 汉坦病毒属humanimmunodeficiencyvirus,hiv 人免疫缺陷病毒（艾滋病病毒）halophilicvibrio嗜盐弧菌hyaluronidase 透明质酸酶hbcag 乙型肝炎病毒核心抗原immunofluorescencetechnic,ift 免疫荧光法hbeag 乙型肝炎病毒 inapparentimfection 隐性传染e抗原hbsag 乙型肝炎病毒表面抗原inclusionbody 包涵体hbvdnapolymer ase 乙型肝炎病毒dna聚合酶infectiousmononucleosis 传染性单核细胞增多症heat-labiletoxin,lt不耐热肠毒素 inferferon(ifn) 干扰素heat-stabletoxin,st耐热肠毒素integratedinfection 整合传染helacells,hela 细胞invasiveness 侵袭力hemagglutinin,ha血凝集japaneseencephalitisvirus,jev 日本脑炎病毒hemagglutination-inhibitiontest血凝抑制试验 japanesebencephalitis,jbe 日本乙型脑炎hemagglutinationphenomenon血凝现象klebsiella 克雷伯氏菌属hemolysin 溶血素k.pneumoniae 肺炎克雷伯氏菌hemlphilus 嗜血杆菌属lactobacillus 乳杆菌属h.influenzae 流行性感冒杆菌latentinfection 潜伏感染hemorrhagicfev erwithrenalsyn drome 肾综合征合征出血热ld50 半数致死量helicalsymmetry螺旋对称legionella 军团菌属hepadnaviridae 嗜肝病毒科legionnairesdisease 军团菌病hepatitisavirus,hav甲型肝炎病毒 lentivirinae 慢病毒科hepatitisbvirus,hbv乙型肝炎病毒 leptospira 钩端螺旋体属hepatitisvirus 肝炎病毒localinfection 局部感染herpessimplexvirus单纯疱疹病毒 lipopolysaccharide,lps 脂多糖varicella-zostervirus带状疱疹病毒 lysogenicbacteria 溶原性细菌herpetoviridae 疱疹病毒科lysogeny 溶原状态humanherpsvir ustype6、7 人疱疹病毒6、7型lysogenicphage 溶原性噬菌体histoplasmacap sulatum 荚膜组织胞浆菌lyssavirus 狂犬病毒科measlesvirus 麻疹病毒papovaviridae 乳多空病毒科mesosome 中介体parainfluenzavirus 副流感病毒metabolicinhibi代谢抑制试验 parmyxoviridae 副粘病毒科tiontestmetachromaticgranules异染颗粒paramyxovirus 副粘病毒microbiology 微生物学parvoviridae 微小病毒科microcapsule 微荚膜parvavirus 微小病毒mcrococcustetragenus四联球菌penicillium 青霉菌micrometer,micron(u=um)微米penetration 穿入microorganism 微生物peplomer 囊微粒mold 霉菌persistentinfection 持续性感染moniliaalbicans 白色念珠菌pesticine-1 鼠疫杆菌杀菌素mucor 毛霉菌picornaviridae 小核糖核酸病毒科mumpsvirus 腮腺炎病毒pilus(或fimbrae) 菌毛mutation 突变plague 鼠疫mycelium 菌丝体plaqueformingunit,pfu 空斑形成单位mycobacterium 分枝杆菌属plasmid 质粒m.tuberculosis 结核分枝杆菌 plasmin 胞浆素mycolicacid 分枝菌酸poliovirus 脊髓灰质炎病毒mycoplasma 支原体属polykaryocyte 多核巨细胞mycostatin 制霉菌素polyi:c,polyinosinic:cytrdyeicacid 多聚肌苷酸：胞苷酸mycotoxicosis 真菌毒素中毒症poxviridae 痘病毒科mycrosporum 小孢子癣菌属 poxvirus 痘病毒nairovirus 内罗病毒属pre-santigen 前s抗原negribody 内基氏小体primarycellculture 原代细胞培养neisseria 奈瑟氏菌属pricklecell 棘细胞n.gonorrhoeae 淋病奈瑟氏力 prion 蛋白侵染因子n.meningitidis 脑膜炎奈瑟氏菌β-propialactone β-丙内脂newenterovirus 新型肠道病毒 prophage 前噬菌体normalflora 正常菌群proteus 变形杆菌nuclearmaterial 核质protoplast 原生质体nucleocapsid 核衣壳provirus 前病毒oldtuberculin,ot 旧结核菌素pseudomonas 假单胞菌属oncornavirusrna肿瘤病毒p.aeruginosa 绿脓杆菌orthomyxoviridae正粘病毒科purifiedproteinderivative,ppd 纯化蛋白衍生物orthomyxovirus正粘病毒pyosepticemia 脓毒血症humanpapillomavirus乳头瘤病毒pyrogen 热原质rabiesvirus 狂犬病病毒sh.boydii 鲍氏志贺氏菌receptorbindingprotein受体连接蛋白 sh.dysenteriae 痢疾志贺氏菌release 释放sh.flexneri 福氏志贺氏菌reoviridae 呼肠孤病毒科 sh.sonnei 宋内氏志贺氏菌replication 复制slowinfection 慢发性感染resistancefactor 耐药因子spheroplast 原生质球resistancetransf erfactor,ptf 耐药性传递因子spike 刺突respiratorysyncytialvirus,rsvirus呼吸道病毒spirillum 螺菌respiratoryviruses逆转录病毒科 spore 芽胞，孢子retroviridae 逆转录病毒staphylococcus 葡萄球菌retrovirus 逆转录酶stap.aureus 金黄色葡萄球菌reversetranscriptase弹状病毒科stap.epidermidis 表皮葡萄球菌rhabdoviridae 病毒唑stap.proteina,spa 葡萄球菌a蛋白ribavirin(virozol)rna病毒sterdystateinfection 稳定感染rickettsia 立克次氏体属 sterillization 灭菌rifampin 利福平streptococcus 链球菌属ringwormfungi 癣菌strep.anhemolyticus 非溶血性链球菌rochalimaea 罗沙利马体属 strep.hemolyticus 溶血性链球菌（乙型链球菌）rotavirus 轮状病毒strp.pneumonia 肺炎链球菌russianspring-s ummerencepha litisvirus 苏联春夏季脑炎病毒strep.viridans 草绿色链球菌（甲型链球菌）sabouraudsmed ium 沙保氏培养培养基streptodornase 链道酶salmonella 沙门氏菌属streptokinase 链激酶s.choleraesuis 猪霍乱沙氏菌 subclinicalinfection 亚临床感染s.typhi 伤寒沙门氏菌 subunitvaccine 亚单位疫苗s.paratyphi 副伤寒沙门氏菌subacutesclerosingpanencephalitissspe亚急性硬化性全脑炎s.typhimurium 鼠伤寒沙门氏菌subvirus 亚病毒sarcina 八迭球菌syncytium 合胞体shigella 志贺菌属syphilis 梅毒tcid5050% 组织细胞感染量systemicinfection 全身感染teichoicacid 磷壁酸verticaltransmission 垂直传播temperatephage 温和噬菌体vibrio 弧菌属temperature-se温度敏感突变v.cholerae 霍乱弧菌nsitiveconditio株nalmutant,tsthymidinekinas胸腺核苷激酶 veillenella 韦荣氏球菌属etogaviridae 披膜病毒科virino 朊病毒toxemia 毒血症virion 病毒体toxin 类毒素viroid 类病毒toxoid 密螺旋体属virulence 毒力treponema 梅毒螺旋体virulentphage 毒性噬菌体t.pallidum 雅司螺旋体virus 病毒t.pertenue 毛癣菌属virusoid 拟病毒trichophyton 毛癣菌素v—onc 病毒癌基因trichophytin 脱壳widaltest 肥达氏试验uncoating 脲原体属yersinia 耶尔森氏菌属ureaplasma 脲原体属y.pestis 鼠疫杆菌vaccine 疫苗y.pseudotuberculosis 假结核杆菌。
微生物学双语词汇
Virion病毒粒子
Viruses病毒
Temperate Bacteriophages温和噬菌体
Lysogeny溶源性细菌
Lysogeny溶原现象Virulent phage烈性噬菌体
Prophage前噬菌体
Viroids类病毒
submicroscopic超显微的
NAM N-乙酰胞壁酸
70S Ribosome核糖体
Bacteria chromosome细菌染色体
Colony菌落
02-2actinomyces放线菌
Actinomycetes放线菌
Nonseptate hypha无隔菌丝
Substrate mycelium基内菌丝
Aerial mycelium气生菌丝
Reproductive mycelium孢子丝
Antibiotics
03真菌fungi
Yeasts酵母菌
Molds霉菌
Mushrooms蕈类
budding出芽生殖
Chitin几丁质
Mitochondria线粒体
Hyphae菌丝
Mycelium菌丝体
Rhizopus根霉
Mucor毛霉
Aspergillus曲霉
Biosynthesis of viral components生物合成Maturation成熟Release释放assembly装配
subviruses亚病毒
satellite virus卫星病毒
Prions朊病毒
05 microbial nutrition
Eukaryotes真核细胞
Culture Medium培养基
微生物学（双语）词汇
医学常用微生物学名词英汉翻译
医学常用微生物学名词英汉翻译微生物学作为医学领域中的重要学科，涉及到许多微生物学名词的英汉翻译。
准确的翻译对于医学研究和临床实践都具有重要意义。
以下是一些常用微生物学名词的英汉翻译示例。
1. Bacteria - 细菌Bacteria are single-celled microorganisms that can be found in various habitats.2. Virus - 病毒Viruses are infectious agents that can cause diseases in humans, animals, and plants.3. Fungi - 真菌Fungi are a group of organisms that include yeasts, molds, and mushrooms.4. Protozoa - 原生动物Protozoa are single-celled eukaryotic microorganisms that can be found in water and soil.5. Parasite - 寄生虫Parasites are organisms that live in or on another organism (host) and obtain nutrients from the host.6. Antibiotic - 抗生素Antibiotics are substances that can inhibit the growth of or destroy bacteria.7. Antimicrobial - 抗菌剂Antimicrobials are substances that can inhibit the growth of or destroy microorganisms, including bacteria, viruses, fungi, and protozoa.8. Pathogen - 病原体Pathogens are microorganisms that can cause diseases in their hosts.9. Pathogenesis - 致病机制Pathogenesis refers to the process by which a pathogen causes disease in an organism.10. Immunization - 免疫Immunization is the process of inducing immunity against a particular disease through vaccination.11. Contagious - 传染的Contagious refers to a disease that can be transmitted from one person to another through direct or indirect contact.12. Sterilization - 杀菌Sterilization is the process of completely removing or destroying all microorganisms, including bacteria, viruses, fungi, and spores.13. Disinfection - 消毒Disinfection is the process of eliminating or reducing the number of pathogenic microorganisms on surfaces or objects.14. Culture - 培养Culture refers to the process of growing microorganisms in a controlled environment for research or diagnostic purposes.15. Resistance - 耐药性Resistance refers to the ability of microorganisms to withstand the effects of antimicrobial drugs.以上是一些医学常用微生物学名词的英汉翻译示例。
医学微生物学单词英汉对照
Coccus 球菌Diplococcus 双球菌Bacillus 杆菌Spiral bacterium 螺菌Vibrio 弧菌Cell wall 细胞壁Peptidoglycan 肽聚糖Mesosome 中介体Plasmid 质粒Inclusion 内含物Metachromatic granule 异染颗粒Nuclear material 核质Nucleoid 拟核Teichoic acid 磷壁酸Lipoteichoic acid ,LTA 脂磷壁酸Outer membrane 外膜Lipopolysaccharide,LPS 脂多糖Lysozyme 溶菌酶Bactrrial L form 细菌L形Capsule 荚膜Microcapsule 微荚膜Flagellum 鞭毛Pilus(fimbria) 菌毛Common pilus 普通菌毛Sex pilus 性菌毛Fertility 致育性Spore 芽孢Gram stain 革兰染色法第二章Lag phase迟缓期Logarithmic phase 对数期Stationary phase稳定期Decline phase衰亡期pyrogen热原质pigment色素antibiotic抗生素bacteriocin 细菌素vitamin维生素第五章Fertility plasmid 致育性质粒，F质粒Transposable element 转位因子Insertion sequence IS 插入序列Transposon TN 转座子Bacteriophage phage 噬菌体Virulent phage 毒性噬菌体Temperate phage 温和噬菌体Lysogeny 溶原性Lysogenic phage 溶原性噬菌体Lysogenic bacterium 溶原性细菌Prophage 前噬菌体Fluctuation test 动试验，彷徨试验Replica planting 平板培养影印试验Conditional lethal mutation 条件致死性突变Temperature sensitive温度敏感突变株，Ts株mutantTransformation 转化Transduction 转导General transduction 普遍性转导Abortive transduction 流产转导Conjugation 接合High frequency高频重组株recombinant ,HfrLysogenic conversion 溶源性转换第八章MIC 最小抑菌浓度Vaccine 疫苗Toxiod 类毒素Antitoxin 抗毒素Antisera 抗血清Antibacterial agents 抗菌药物Antibiotics 抗生素Drug resistance 耐药性第九章Staphylococcus 葡萄球菌S.aureus 金黄色葡萄球菌Staphylococcal protein A葡萄球菌A蛋白,SPACoagglutination 协同凝集试验Exfoliative toxin , exfoliatin 表皮剥脱毒素Staphylococcal scalded skin葡萄球菌皮肤烫伤样综合症syndrome ,SSSSToxic shock syndrome毒性休克综合症毒素－1 toxin-1Coaggulase –negative凝固酶阴性葡萄球菌staphylococcus ,CNSStreptococcus 链球菌甲型溶血性链球菌α－hemolyticstreptococcusβ－hemolytic乙型溶血性链球菌streptococcus丙型溶血性链球菌γ－hemolyticstreptococcusstreptokinase , SK 链激酶streptodornase , SD 链道酶hyaluronidase 透明质酸酶streptolysin 链球菌溶血素streptolysin O , SLO 链球菌溶血素O streptolysin S , SLS 链球菌溶血素S pyrogenic exotoxin 致热外毒素erythrogenic toxin 红疹毒素scarlet fever toxin 猩红热毒素Antistreptolysin O test ,抗链球菌溶血素O试验ASO testpneumococcus 肺炎球菌S . Pneumococcus 肺炎链球菌Optochin test 奥普托辛试验Quellung reaction 荚膜肿胀试验Neisseria 奈瑟菌属N.meningitidis 脑膜炎奈氏菌Meningococcus 脑膜炎球菌N.gonorrhoeae 淋病奈氏菌Gonococcus 淋球菌第十章Esherichia 埃希菌属E . coli 大肠杆菌Colonization factor antigen定居因子抗原, CFAInvasin 侵袭素Uropathogenic E . coli 尿道致病性大肠杆菌Enterotoxigenic E .coli ,肠产毒性大肠埃希菌ETEC肠致病性大肠埃希菌EPECEnterohemorrhagic E . coli ,肠出血性大肠埃希菌EHECEnteroaggregative E . coli ,肠集聚性大肠埃希菌EAECHeat labile enterotoxin , LT 不耐热肠毒素Heat stable enterotoxin , ST 耐热肠毒素Enteric bacilli 肠道杆菌Enterobacteriaceae 肠杆菌科Shigella 志贺菌Salmonella 沙门菌属S . typhi 伤寒杆菌S . Virulence antigen , ViVi 抗原antigenWidal test 肥达试验第十一章Vibrio 弧菌V. cholera 霍乱弧菌Cholera enterotoxin 霍乱肠毒素V. parahemolyticus 副溶血性弧菌Kanagawa test 神奈川试验Helicobacter pylori, HP 幽门螺杆菌第十三章Anaerobic bacteria 厌氧性细菌Clostridium 厌氧芽孢梭菌属C. tetani 破伤风梭菌Tetanospasmin 破伤风痉挛毒素Tetani antitoxin , TAT 破伤风抗毒素C. perfringens 产气荚膜梭菌Nagler reaction 卵磷脂酶试验Stormy fermentation 汹涌发酵Gas gangrene 气性坏疽C. botulinum 肉毒梭菌C. difficile 艰难梭菌B. fragilis 脆弱类杆菌其它细菌Spirochete 螺旋体Treponema pallidum 梅毒螺旋体Leptospira 钩端螺旋体Rickettsia 立克次体Weil-Felix reaction 外斐反应。
微生物学术语双语(中英文)对照
Brock Biology of MicroorganismsBilingual Glossary（For Internal Circulation Only）微生物学术语双语（中英文）对照北京林业大学生物科学与技术学院微生物教研室谢响明生物秀－专心做生物ｗｗｗ．ｂｂｉｏｏ．ｃｏｍ2007年6月10日Catalogue目录Chapter1 Microorganisms and MicrobiologyChapter 2 An Overview of Microbial LifeChapter 3 MacromoleculesChapter 4 Cell Structure/FunctionChapter5 Nutrition, Laboratory Culture, and Metabolism of MicroorganismsChapter 6 Microbial GrowthChapter 7 Principles of Microbial Molecular Biology Chapter 8 Regulation of Gene ExpressionChapter 9 Essentials of VirologyChapter 10 Bacterial GeneticsChapter 11 Microbial Evolution and Systematics Chapter 15 Microbial GenomicsChapter 18 Methods in Microbial EcologyChapter 19 Microbial Habitats, Nutrients Cycles Chapter 20 Microbial Growth ControlBilingual Glossary for MicrobiologyChapter 1Landmark：里程碑Ramifications：分支non-cellular life ：非细胞生命prion：朊病毒microbial diversity and evolution：微生物的多样性和进化pathogens：病原体genetic engineering：基因工程entity：实体macromolecules：大分子Reproduction：繁殖Differentiation：分化Communication：信息沟通coding devices：编码机制attributes：特征，品质coordination.：协调regulation：调节optimally attuned to最适地调和populations：种群habitat.：生境assemblages：集合体microbial communities：微生物群落biofilms：生物被膜hot springs：温泉Aquatic：水生的Terrestrial：陆生的Prokaryotic cells：原核细胞ecosystem ：生态系统biomass：生物量nitrogen：氮phosphorus：磷Bubonic Plague：鼠疫Fleas：跳蚤Mortality：死亡率Grotesque：奇异Liquefy：液化Influenza and pneumonia：流感和肺炎Tuberculosis：肺结核spontaneous generation：自然发生学说microbes：微生物Broth：肉汤Flask：烧瓶Guncotton filters：棉花滤器Dissolved：溶解的Ether：醚Particles：微粒flask with swan neck：曲颈瓶sterilization：灭菌vaccines：疫苗anthrax：炭疽热fowl cholera：禽流感rabies：狂犬病Germ theory：病菌说Koch’s postulates：科赫假设(法则) contagious diseases：传染病artificially infected animals：人工感染的动物Solid medium：固体培养基Gelatin：明胶Agar：琼脂Colony formation：菌落形成Differential staining：鉴别染色Pure culture：纯培养isolation：分离, 隔离inoculation：接种Tuberculin：结核菌素Diagnosis：诊断Subdisciplines：（学科的）分支enrichment culture：富集培养aerobic：需氧的N-fixing bacteria：固氮细菌sulfate-reducing：硫酸盐还原sulfur-oxidizing bacteria：硫氧化细菌root nodule：根瘤Lactobacillus：乳酸杆菌tobacco mosaic virus：烟草花叶病毒tenets：原则virology：病毒学nitrifying bacteria：硝化细菌nitrification：硝化作用oxidation of ammonia to nitrate：从氨氧化为硝酸盐hydrogen sulfide：硫化氰chemolithotrophy：无机化能营养型autotrophs：自养生物anaerobe ：厌氧生物Clostridium pasteurianum：巴斯德羧菌属Medical microbiology and immunology：医学微生物学和免疫学Aquatic microbiology：水生微生物学Microbial ecology：微生物生态学Microbial systematic：微生物的系统学Microbial physiology：微生物生理学Cytology ：细胞学Bacterial genetics：细菌遗传学Chapter 2Evolutionary History：进化史Elements：原理，基础Viral Structure：病毒结构The Tree of Life：生命树Physiological：生理学的Eukaryotic：真核的Cytoplasmic (cell)membrane：细胞质膜Cytoplasm：细胞质Macromolecules：大分子Ribosome：核糖体organic molecules：有机分子inorganic ions：无机离子rod-shaped prokaryote：杆状原核生物organelles：细胞器Archaea：古生菌Nucleus：细胞核（nuclear的复数）Mitochondrion（Mitochondrion复数）线粒体Chloroplast：叶绿体Metazoans：后生生物Cytoplasmic：细胞质的Membrane：膜，隔膜Endoplasmic reticulum：内质网Nucleoid：类核，拟核Nucleolus：核仁Nuclear：核的，细胞核Static：静态的metabolic abilities：代谢能力biosynthetic：生物合成genetic alterations：遗传改造Genomes：基因组Chromosome：染色体Circular：环状copy：拷贝haploid：单倍体extrachromosomal：染色体外的plasmids：质粒conferring：赋予properties：性质，特性Packaged ：包裹的Yeast：酵母Folding：折叠的Packing：包装gene expression：基因表达diploid：二倍体cell division：细胞分裂mitosis：有丝分裂mitotic division：有丝分裂a full complement of genes：一整套基因meiosis：减数分裂gametes：配子sexual reproduction：有性繁殖Fusion：融合Zygote：接合子，受精卵Sequenced：测序的Phylogeny：系统发生Phylogenetically：系统发生地deduced from 从推论出comparative sequencing：比较测序Ribosomal RNA：核糖体RNAbarometers ：气压计clinic：临床microbiology：微生物学identical copies：相同的拷贝polymerase chain reaction (PCR)：聚合酶链式反应aligned ：排列的algorithm：运算法则pair-wise comparisons：配对比较Domains：域Lineages：血统，世系Proteobacteria：蛋白细菌Cyanobacteria：蓝细菌Hyperthermophiles：极端嗜热菌Methanogens：产甲烷菌extreme halophiles：极端嗜盐菌slime molds：黏菌flagellates：鞭毛虫giardia：双滴虫（贾弟虫属）Eukarya (eukaryotes)：真核生物Morphology：形态学Motility：运动性Mechanism：机制Developmental biology：发育生物学Adaptation：适应environmental extremes：极端环境Organic chemicals：有机化合物Inorganic chemicals：无机化合物Oxidizing：氧化Conserved：保存，保留high-energy compound：高能量化合物Aerobes：需氧生物Anaerobes：厌氧生物Chemoorganotrophs：化能有机营养生物Chemolithotrophs：化能无机营养生物Phototrophic：光和营养的Pigments：色素major nutrient：主要营养Heterotrophic：异养的Autotrophic：自养的Autotrophs；自养生物primary producers：初级生产者extreme environmental habitats：极端环境生境extremophiles：极端环境微生物，嗜极菌hot spring：温泉tolerant ：忍耐的pathogenic：致病的Phylum：门Aquifex：产液菌属Thermotoga：栖热孢菌属green nonsulfur bacteria：绿色非硫细菌deinococcus：异常球菌属spirochetes：螺旋体green sulfur bacteria紫硫细菌planctomyces：浮霉状菌属phylogenetic：系统发生的depicted：描述的marine：海洋halobacterium：盐杆菌属natronobacterium：嗜盐碱杆菌属halophilic methanogens：嗜盐产烷生物methanosarcina：甲烷八叠球菌属thermoplasma：热源体属methanobacterium：甲烷杆菌属methanococcus：甲烷球菌属pyrococcus：火球菌属pyrolobus：热叶菌属methanopyrus：嗜热甲烷菌属thermoproteus：热变形菌属desulfurococcus：硫还原球菌属sulfolobus：硫化叶菌属hyperthermophiles：嗜热细菌halophiles：嗜盐菌acidophiles：嗜酸菌filamentous：丝状的Protozoans：原生动物Motile：运动的Lichens：地衣Diplomonads：双滴虫Trichomonads：毛滴虫，微孢子虫Flagellates：鞭毛虫Ciliates：纤毛虫Green algae：绿藻Red algae：红藻Fungi：真菌Diatoms：硅藻属Brown algae：褐藻Apex：顶点Chapter 4Locomotion:运动、行动Inclusions：内含物、包涵物Light Microscopy：光学显微镜Bright-field：明视野Phase contrast：相差Dark-field：暗视野Fluorescence：荧光Magnification：放大率Resolution：分辨率Staining：染色Increasing Contrast for Bright-Field Microscopy：提高明视野显微镜的对比效果positively charged (cationic)：带正电的（阳离子，正离子）negatively charged：带负电的polysaccharide：多糖cationic dyes：阳离子染料Methylene blue：亚甲蓝Crystal violet：结晶紫Safranin：番红Differential stains-Gram stain：鉴别染色—格兰氏染色Gram-positive：格兰氏阳性Gram-negative：格兰氏阴性ethanol decolorizing：乙醇脱色refractive index：折射率specimen：样品scatter：分散，散射chlorophyll (autofluorescence)：叶绿素（自身荧光）Three-Dimensional Imaging：三维成像Drawbacks：限制，缺点Differential Interference Contrast Microscopy (DIC)：相差干涉显微镜Nucleus：核Eukaryotic cells：真核细胞Spores：孢子、芽孢Vacuole：液泡Granule：颗粒internal structure：内部结构Atomic Force Microscopy (AFM)：原子力显微镜Fixatives:固定剂Coatings：膜、层、覆盖物Hydrated：水合物Confocal Scanning Laser Microscopy (CSLM)：聚焦扫描激光显微镜Couples：连接，伴随Habitat：生境resolving power：分辨率vacuum：真空Transmission Electron Microscope (TEM)：透射电子显微镜thin sectioning, 超薄切片EM staining：电子显微镜染色Scanning Electron Microscope (SEM)：扫描电子显微镜external features：外部特征prokaryote：原核生物Coccus (cocci)：球菌Rod：杆菌Spirilla：螺菌Spirochetes：螺旋体Appendaged bacteria：附属细菌Filamentous bacteria：丝状细菌in general inversely proportional to cell size：从大体上说是于细胞大小成反比的nanobacteria：纳米细菌precipitates：沉淀物biofilms：生物膜surface-to-volume (S/V) ratio表面积与体积比Membrane Transport Systems：膜运输系统Peptidoglycan：肽聚糖outer Membrane：外膜Glycerol backbone：甘油主键fatty acids：脂肪酸phosphate-containing groups-ester linkage：含有磷酸的基团—酯键phospholipid bilayer：磷脂双分子层hydrophobic：疏水的hydrophilic：亲水的phosphate group：磷酸基团embedded：内嵌的hydrophobic external surface spanning the membrane：疏水的外表面跨膜hydrogen bonds：氢键hydrophobic interaction：疏水相互作用transverse：横切fluid mosaic：流动镶嵌Membrane Strengthening Agents: Sterols and Hopanoids：膜巩固剂：固醇和类何帕烷chemical composition：化学组分methanotrophic：嗜甲烷细菌mycoplasmas：支原体exception：例外side chains：侧链isoprene：异戊二烯Glycerol diethers：甘油二醚glycerol tetraethers：甘油四醚monolayers：单分子层hyperthermophilic：极端嗜热Permeability barrier：渗透屏障（透性障）passive leakage：被动泄漏Protein anchor：蛋白锚定Energy conservation：能量贮存Proton motive force：质子动力Aquaporins：水通道蛋白low osmotic conditions：低渗透势条件hypo-osmotic shock：低渗透压休克Simple diffusion：简单扩散Carrier-mediated process：载体介导过程Uptake：摄取、吸收Saturated：饱和的Symporter：同向运输蛋白Uniporter:单向运输蛋白Antiporters：逆向运输蛋白Lac Permease：乳糖透过酶Lactose：乳糖Group translocation：基团转位Phosphotransferase system：磷酸转移酶系统Glucose：葡萄糖Mannose：甘露糖Fructose：果糖Phosphorylation：磷酸化Dephosphorylation：去磷酸化cascading fashion：级联方式phosphoenolpyruvate：磷酸烯醇式丙酮酸Periplasmic：周质的periplasmic -binding protein：周质结合蛋白maltose：麦芽糖disaccharide sugar：双糖a family of related proteins：相关蛋白的家族High affinity for substrate：对底物的高亲和力Hydrolysis：水解drive transport across the membrane：促进跨膜运输translocase：移位酶amylase：淀粉酶cellulase：纤维素酶starch：淀粉cellulose：纤维素toxin：毒素deleterious：有害的solutes：溶质turgor pressure：膨胀压Multilayered structure and complex：多层结构和复合体Periplasm space：周质空间Teichoic acids:磷壁酸ribitol phosphate residues核糖醇磷酸盐残基Lipoteichoic acid：脂磷壁酸Murein：胞壁质Derive：衍生物N-acetylglucosamine (G)：N—乙酰葡糖胺N-acetylmuramic acid (M)：N—乙酰胞壁酸L-alanine：L—丙氨酸D-glutamic acid：D—谷氨酸L-lysine：L—赖氨酸diaminopimelic acid (DAP)：二氨基庚二酸tetrapeptide：四肽glycan：聚糖ß-1,4 linkage：ß-1,4连接interbridge：肽间桥capsular polymers：荚膜Protoplasts：原生质体Spheroplasts：原生质球Mycoplasma：支原体Osmotically：渗透地Thermoplasma：热原体属Lysozyme：溶菌酶Penicillin：青霉素ß-1,4 –glycosidic bonds：ß-1,4糖苷键saliva：唾液autolysin：自溶素transpeptidation：转肽Pseudopeptidoglycan：假肽聚糖N-acetyltalosaminuronic acids：N-乙酰塔罗糖胺糖醛酸Glycosidic bonds：糖苷键Polysaccharide：多糖Glycoprotein：糖蛋白Methanosarcina：甲烷八叠球菌glucuronic acid葡糖醛酸：galactosamine：半乳糖胺acetate：乙酸haiophilic Archaea：嗜盐古生菌Halococcus：盐球菌Paracrystalline surface layer：类结晶表面层hexagonal symmetry：六角对称lipopolysaccharide (LPS layer) ：脂多糖Core polysaccharide：核心多糖O-polysaccharide：O—特异侧链LipidA：类脂ADisaccharide：双糖Endotoxin：内毒素Pathogenic：致病的Shigella：志贺氏菌属mol-weight ：分子量Hydrolytic enzymes：水解酶Chemoreceptor：化学受体Flagella：鞭毛（复数）Flagellum：鞭毛Peritrichous：周生Polar：极生Lophotrichous：丛生Filament：鞭毛丝Flagellin：鞭毛蛋白Hook：钩motor portion：motor蛋白L-ring：L环P-ring：P环MS-ring：MS环Flexing：摆动Cheetah：猎豹Gliding：滑动Cyanobacteria：蓝细菌Myxococcus xanthus：黄色粘球菌physical or chemical gradients：物理或化学梯度Chemotaxes：趋化性Phototaxes：趋光性Other Taxes：其他趋性Temporal：时间的Spatial：空间的Tumbles：翻滚Attractant：引诱剂Scotophobotaxis (darkness escaping phototaxis)：避暗趋光性Aerotaxis：趋氧性Osmotaxis：趋渗透性Elucidated：阐述signal transduction pathway,：信号传导途径Gas Vesicle：气泡Endospore：芽孢Fimbriae：菌毛Pili：性毛Pellicles：菌膜Conjugation：接合Symmetries：对称性Capsules and Slime Layers:荚膜和黏液层The Glycocalyx：多糖包被Matrix：矩阵Deformed：变形Phagocytic：吞噬细胞的Desiccation：干燥作用Carbon Storage Polymers：碳源贮存物PHB, poly-ß-hydroxybutyric acid：聚ß羟丁酸PHA, poly-ß-hydroxyalkanoate：聚ß羟基链烷酸Magnetosomes：磁小体Intracellular crystal particles：细胞内晶体颗粒Magnetotaxis：趋磁性aquatic Bacteria：水生细菌buoyancy：浮力purple and green phototrophic bacteria：紫色和绿色光养细菌watertight：防水的ribs：脊ß-sheet：ß折叠ą-helix：ą螺旋Germination：萌发Halotolerant：耐盐的Permian：休眠Dominican amberGut：消化道Morphology：形态学Refractile：折光的Exosporium：孢子外壁Cortex：皮层Calcium-dipicolinic acid complex：钙—吡啶二羧酸Cytoplasm：细胞质Small acid-soluble spore proteins (SASPs：酸溶小芽孢蛋白Ceases：终止Sporulation：芽孢形成Bacillus subtili：枯草芽孢杆菌s Outgrowth：生长Chapter 51. Oxidation-Reduction 氧化还原反应2. Catabolic Pathways 异化途径3. Proton Motive Force 质子动势4. Macronutrients 大量营养元素5. Cytochromes 细胞色素6. cellular respiration 细胞呼吸7. Siderophores 铁传递蛋白8. hydroxamate, 异羟肟酸9．enterobactin 肠杆菌素10．Acuqchelin儿茶酚11. Micronutrients 微量营养元素12. Trace elements微量元素13. Streptococcus链球菌属14. Lactobacillus乳杆菌属15. Leuconostoc明串球菌属16. distilled water 蒸馏水17. casein 酪蛋白18. soybean 大豆19. Leuconostoc mesenteroides肠膜明串珠菌20. Fastidious 营养复杂的，挑剔的21. Aseptic Technique 无菌技术22. Exergonic 放能的23. Endergonic 吸能的24. Redox 氧化还原作用25. hydrogen atom 氢原子26. reactants 反应物27. Chemoorganotrophy 化能有机营养28. Photophosphorylation 光和磷酸化29. Pyruvate 丙酮酸盐（或酯）30. Glycolysis 糖酵解31. glyceraldehyde 3-phosphate 3-磷酸甘油醛32. Saccharomyces cerevisa e啤酒酵母33. Beverage 饮料34. Yogurt 酸奶酪，酵母乳35. Pickled vegetables 盐渍蔬菜36. anaerobically 厌氧地37. Aerobic oxidation 有氧氧化38. Anaerobic oxidation 无氧氧化39. Dehydrogenase 脱氢酶40. Flavoproteins 黄素蛋白41. Iron-sulfur proteins 铁硫蛋白42. Quinones-non-protein 辅酶Q43. Heme 亚铁血红素44. Chemiosmosis 化学渗透势45. electrochemically potential 电子势46. alkaline 碱性的47. headpiece 帽子，头盔48. cyanide 氰化物49. Dinitrophenol(DNP) 二硝基苯酚50. Dicumarol 血液凝固防止剂51. the Citric Acid Cycle 柠檬酸循环52. aerobic respiration有氧呼吸53. Nitrate 硝酸盐54. ferric iron 铁离子55. sulfate 硫酸盐56. carbonate 碳酸盐57. Chemolithotrophy 矿质（无机）化能营养58. Ammonia 氨，氨水59. Chemolithotrophs 化能自养60. chemoorganotrophs 化能异养61. Phototrophy 光合营养62. Photoautotrophs 光合自养生物63. Phtoheterotrophs 光合异养生物64. Catabolism 分解代谢65. Anabolism 合成代谢Chapter 6Binary Fission二分裂Peptidoglycan肽聚糖Viable Counts活菌计数Turbidity浊度Continuous Culture连续培养Preexisting先前存在的Duplicate复制Monomers单体Coenzymes辅酶Cofactors辅助因子Polymerization reactions聚合反应Polymers聚合体Fts（f ilamentous t emperature s ensitive ）Protein ：丝状温敏蛋白mitochondria 线粒体chloroplasts叶绿体tubulin微管蛋白Divisome：分裂体Apparatus设备，仪器Cylinder圆柱体polymerize to form an intact ring聚合形成完整环penicillin青霉素MreBhomology 相同actin肌动蛋白cytoskeleton细胞骨架structural integrity结构的完整性autolysins自溶素lysozyme溶解酵素bactoprenol:细菌萜醇N-acetyl glucosamine N-乙酰葡糖胺N-acetylemuramic acid N-乙酰胞壁酸Pentapeptide peptidoglycan precursors五肽肽聚糖前体物Transpeptidation 转肽作用muramic acid residues 胞壁酸残基adjacent glycan chains 邻近多糖链noteworthy 值得注目的periplasm 周质Unsterilized 未灭菌的Detrimental 有害的Slope 斜面Semilogarithmic 半对数的Vessel 导管，器皿Elapsed时间流逝Inoculum 接种体Cryptic 秘密的Counting chambers：计数室plate count 平板计数colony count菌落计数Serial Dilutions 系列稀释Statistically：统计学地colony-forming unit 菌落形成单位Anomaly 不规则Magnitude 数量，量级Photometer 光度计Spectrophotometer 分光光度计The Chemostat 恒化器Cardinal 主要的，最重要的Optimum 最适宜的Pschrophile 嗜冷生物Mesophile 嗜温生物Thermophile 嗜热生物Hyperthermophile 极端嗜热生物Extremophiles 极端生物Psychrotolerant 耐寒的unsaturated fatty acids 不饱和脂肪酸morphological and physiological types形态的和生理的类型a critical amino acid substitution关键的氨基酸替代物counterpart 副本，配对物hydrophobic interiors 疏水的内部saturated fatty acids 饱和脂肪酸isoprene 异戊二烯monolayer 单层melting 熔化annealing退火Acidophile 嗜酸细菌Thiobacillus硫杆菌属Sulfolobus 硫化叶菌属Thermoplasma热源体属Alkaliphile 嗜碱微生物Carotenoids：类胡萝卜素Proteases 蛋白酶Lipases 脂肪酶Detergent 清洁剂Water activity：水活度vapor pressure 蒸汽压Osmophiles 嗜渗透微生物Xerophiles 旱生生物Sucrose 蔗糖Trehalose 海藻糖Glycerol 甘油，丙三醇Glycosides 配糖类Glycine 甘氨酸，氨基乙酸Betaine 甜菜碱Praline 果仁糖Staphylococcus葡萄球菌potassium ions钾离子Aerobes 需氧生物Anaerobes 厌氧生物thioglycolate broth巯基乙酸盐肉汤Anoxic jar 厌氧罐anoxic glove bag 厌氧手套peroxidase enzymes 过氧化物酶Airborn bacteria 空气携带菌Catalase 过氧化氢酶Peroxidase 过氧化物酶Superoxide dismutase 超氧化歧化酶（SOD）Superoxide reductase 超氧化还原酶obligately anaerobic：专性厌氧的Pyrococcus furiousus：激烈热球菌Chapter 7Pneumococcus 肺炎球菌Pathogenic 致病的Pneumonia 肺炎polysaccharide capsule 多糖荚膜pathogenicity 致病性transformation 转化Versatile 通用的，万能的in vivo体内in vitro体外ultracentrifugal, 超离心的diffusive 扩散electrophoretic 电泳的Polypeptide cleaving enzymes 多肽裂解酶Ribonulclease 核糖核酸酶Deoxyribonuclease 脱氧核糖核酸酶Amino acid 氨基酸hydrogen bonds 氢键grooves 凹槽polynucleotide多（聚）核苷酸Supercoiling 超螺旋Twisted 盘旋Predominantly 主要地Nucleosome 核小体Torsion 扭转Gyrase 解旋酶Topoisomerase：拓扑异构酶Nonchromosomal 非染色体的Extracellular 细胞外的Templates 模板deoxyribonucleic acid 脱氧核糖核酸isotope同位素Density gradient equilibrium sedimentation密度梯度平衡沉降Cesium chloride 氯化铯Centrifugation 离心Detection of peaks检测高峰fidelity 忠诚度dilemma 进退两难的局面Okazaki fragment 冈崎片断Polymerase 聚合酶Exonuclease 核酸外切酶Ligase 连接酶Helicase 螺旋酶Initiation 起始Elongation 延伸Termination 终止Triphosphate 三磷酸盐Purine 嘌呤Bacillus subtilis ：枯草芽孢杆菌intrinsic terminators 内在终止子Transcription 转录Cotranscribed 共转录Polycistronic 多顺反子性的Operon 操纵子introns 内含子exons 外显子Splicing 拼接Ribonucleoprotein核蛋白（略作RNP）Capping 加帽Polyadenylation 多聚腺苷酸Deciphering 译码Polylysine多聚赖氨酸Polyproline 多聚脯氨酸Proline 脯氨酸Polyphenylalanine多聚苯基丙氨酸Phenylalanine 苯基丙氨酸Trinucleotide 三核苷酸密码子Codons 密码子codon-degeneracy：密码子的简并性Formylmethionine 甲酰甲硫氨酸Methionine 蛋氨酸Methylated 甲基化的Synthetase 合成酶Catalyzing 催化The peptide transferase reaction 转肽反应Streptomycin 链霉素Puromycin 嘌呤霉素Chloramphenicol 氯霉素Cycloheximide 放线菌酮，环己酰亚胺Tetracycline 四环素molecular chaperones 分子伴侣aggregation 聚合Signal recognition particle (SRP) 信号识别颗粒Chapter 8Scarce protein 稀有蛋白Abundant protein 丰度蛋白Posttranslationally 翻译后地Coarser 粗糙的Precursor 前体物（分子），-先导物Degrading 降解Allostery 变构Conformational change 构象变化Isozymes 同工酶Covalent modification 共价修饰Methylation 甲基化Glutamine synthetase 谷氨酸盐合成酶allosteric enzyme 变构酶adenylylation 腺嘌呤形成Global Control全局调控Regulator proteins调节蛋白Histones 组蛋白Nucleosomes 核小体Inducer诱导物Substrate 底物Corepressor 辅阻遏物Polymerase 聚合酶Maltose regulon 麦芽糖调节子consensus sequence 保守序列utilization 利用operons 操纵子Regulon调节子global regulatory system全局调控系统lac Operon 乳糖操纵子simultaneously 同时地Constitutive mutant组成型突变体lactose 乳糖Glucose 葡萄糖glucose effect葡萄糖效应diauxic growth二次生长Catabolite Repression分解代谢物阻遏catabolite activator protein (CAP)激活蛋白（活化蛋白）cAMP-receptor protein (CRP)环腺苷酸受体蛋白hydrolyze 水解galactose 半乳糖Galactosidase半乳糖苷酶Hydrolysis 水解Modulates 调节galactoside permease 半乳糖苷透性酶thiogalactoside transacetylase 硫代半乳糖苷转乙酰酶allolactose 异乳糖diffusible 可扩散的Intact copy完整拷贝positive control正调节negative control副调节Attenuation 衰减，弱化Two-component Regulatory Systems双组分调控系统Sensory proteins (transducers)感受器蛋白MCP –transducers MCP感受器m ethyl-accepting c hemotaxis proteins(MCP)接受甲基趋化性蛋白Methylase甲基化酶Chemotaxis 趋化性Tryptophan Operon 色氨酸操纵子Tandom 串联重复Insufficient 不足Termination 终止Dual Regulation of Trp Operon色氨酸的二重调节Translational attenuation翻译衰减（弱化）Bacillus subtilis 枯草芽孢杆菌trp attenuation protein色氨酸弱化蛋白Polycistronic 多顺反子性的Heat Shock Response 热激反应Global Control Networks全局调控网络Quorum Sensing：最少密度感应degraded by proteases 被蛋白酶降解Heat shock protein热激蛋白chaperones (chaperonin) 分子伴侣acylated homoserine lactone 酰化的高丝氨酸内酯bioluminescence 生物发光Sensor Kinases感受器激酶phosphorylation 磷酸化The phosphoryl group 磷酰基团Demethylated 脱甲基Flagellum 鞭毛Rotation of flagellum鞭毛旋转clockwise 顺时针counterclockwise 逆时针Antisense Nucleic Acid反义核酸Compartmentation分区Polycistronic mRNA多顺反子mRNA Splicing 接合，粘接Chapter 9Essentials本质Viral Replication病毒复制Viral Diversity病毒多样性Chromosome染色体Conferring new properties on the host赋予宿主新的特性Extracellular state-virus particles (virions)胞外状态-病毒颗粒（病毒粒子）Lysis：裂解genomic nucleic acid基因组核酸Intracellular state胞内状态the central dogma of molecular biology分子生物学中心法则Taxonomy分类学Bacteriophage嗜菌体Order目family (and subfamily)科（亚科）genus属species种morphology形态学suffix后缀Hepadnaviruses嗜肝DNA病毒Smallpox 天花病毒Polio virus 脊髄灰质炎病毒Nucleocapsid核壳体naked and enveloped裸露和包被的self-assembly自我装配molecular chaperones分子伴侣Virus Symmetry病毒对称Helical symmetry螺旋状对称Tobacco mosaic virus (TMV)烟草花叶病毒Icosahedral Symmetry二十面体Complex viruses复合体病毒Complex Symmetry复合体对称lipid bilayer脂双层glycoproteins糖蛋白Lysozyme溶菌酶reverse transcriptase逆转录酶retroviruses逆转录病毒Neuraminadase 神经氨酸酶(唾液酸苷酶)Semiliquid半流体Protoplasts原生质体Monolayer单层permanent cell lines：亲本细胞系primary cell lines：原初细胞系virus infection unit病毒侵染单位Plaque嗜菌斑tumor virus肿瘤病毒Plaque assay空斑测定Titer滴度，效价Suspension悬浮液plaque-forming units噬菌斑形成单位Attachment and Penetration吸附和侵入tail fibers尾丝polysaccharide多聚糖tail pins尾针Contraction 收缩tail sheath尾鞘Restriction enzyme限制性酶Invasion入侵methylation of purine and pyrimidine bases嘌呤和嘧啶碱基的甲基化glucosylation糖基化methylation甲基化Virulent Bacteriophage裂性噬菌体Temperate Bacteriophage温和噬菌体Viriods and Prions类病毒和朊病毒Schematic representations示意表示图Linear线性的Encode编码Hydroxymethylcytosine羟甲基胞嘧啶Cytosine胞嘧啶restriction endonucleases限制性内切酶circularly permuted环状变化Terminal repeats 末端重复Concatemer多联体Lysogeny溶原性Synchrony同步Provirus前病毒nitrogen mustards氮芥cohesive粘性的lysis or lysogeny裂解或溶源bidirection双向repressor protein 阻遏蛋白irrevocably不可逆地integrase整合酶PE(promoter establishment)启动子建立Topoisomerase拓扑异构酶Bracket括号Excisionase切除酶Compartmentation分隔Polycistronic多顺反子性的Monocistronic单顺反子性的5’ methylated guanosine triphosphate cap and 3’ poly A tail：5’甲基化三磷酸鸟苷酸帽子和3’多聚腺苷酸尾巴Endocytosis 内吞作用Lytic infection裂解传染Persistent infection持久传染Latent infection潜伏传染Foci焦距benign 良性的malignant 恶性的metastasis转移oncogenes致癌基因intermediate中间的Human immunodefiency virus (HIV)人类免疫缺陷病毒acquired immunodefiency syndrome (AIDS)获得性免疫缺陷综合症internal proteins内部蛋白endonuclease核酸内切酶Protease蛋白酶5’ capped and 3’ polyadenylated: 5’帽化和3’聚腺苷酸化Encapsidation壳体化Budding出芽RNA dependent DNA polymerase（RdDp）依赖于RNA的DNA聚合酶DNA dependent DNA polymerase（DdDp）依赖于DNA的DNA聚合酶Ribonuclease H核糖核酸酶Hcoconut cadang-cadang viroid椰子可可树类病毒citrus exocortis viroid柑橘裂皮类病毒scrape刮伤BSE: bovine spongiform encephalopathy牛绵状脑病pathogenic proteins病原蛋白质insoluble不可溶解的mad cow disease 疯牛病Chapter 10In Vivo活体内Mutants突变体Carcinogenesis致癌作用The Ames Test埃姆斯试验Genotype基因型Phenotype表现型lowercase letters小写字母uppercase letters大写字母italics斜体字superscript上标progeny后代Screening筛选Selection挑选Penicillin青霉素Lysozyme水解酶Spheroplast原生质球Nutritional Mutants营养突变体Imprint印迹Prototroph原养型Auxotroph营养缺陷型histidine auxotrophs组氨酸营养缺陷型微生物Spontaneous自发的Induced诱发的Point mutations点突变Base-Pair Substitutions碱基置换Silent mutation沉默突变Missense mutation错义突变Triplet三联体Temperature-sensitive mutants 温度敏感突变体conditionally lethal mutants条件致死突变体Nonsense mutation 无义突变Back Mutations or Reversions回复突变Compensate 补偿Transposition转位，转座proof-reading校对epidemic流行病Mutagens诱变剂Base analogs碱基类似物Radiation 辐射Transposon转位子，转座子Site-Directed Mutagenesis定点突变Mutagenicity致突变性Protocol 方案salmonella enterica沙门氏肠菌Trp- auxotroph色氨酸营养缺陷型Errorprone错误倾向Plasmids质粒Homologous 同源的redundant pathways冗余的途径Homologous Recombination同源重组SSB protein单链结合蛋白RecA protein RecA蛋白Nick formation缺口形成Strand invasion链侵入Heteroduplex formation 杂合双链形成Transformation转化Transduction转导Conjugation接合Transfection 转染Artificially Induced Competence人工诱导感受态Acinetobacter不动杆菌属Azotobacter固氮菌属Bacillus杆菌属Streptococcus链球菌属Haemophilus嗜血菌属Neisseria奈瑟球菌属Thermus栖热菌属Electroporation电穿孔Generalized transduction普遍性转导Specialized transduction特异性（局限性）转导Recipient受体temperate or virulent温和的或者裂性的lysogenization溶源化作用randomly incorporate随机整合Phage Conversion溶源转变，噬菌体转变Prophage前噬菌体Polysaccharide多糖Nontoxin非毒素Corynebacterium diphtheriae白喉杆菌toxin 毒素Supercoiled configuration超螺旋构型Incompatibility 不相容性，不亲和性Episomes游离体，附加体Curing（噬菌体）治愈Conjugative可接合的Hfr (high frequency of recombination)高频重组Rhizobium根瘤菌属Pseudomonas of octane辛烷假单胞菌camphor and naphthalene樟脑和卫生球Bacteriocins细菌素Resistance Plasmids- R Plasmids抗性质粒Sulfonamides磺胺药物Streptomycin链霉素Spectinomycin壮观霉素fusidic acid梭链孢酸chloramphenicol 氯霉素tetracycline四环素mercury汞Therapies治疗物Diarrhea痢疾CFA-colonization factor antigen 入侵因子抗原hemolysin and enterotoxin溶血素和肠毒素a wider spectrum of activity广谱活性colicins大肠肝菌素subtilisin枯草杆菌蛋白酶NisinA乳酸菌肽Arolling cycle replication滚环复制pilus菌毛IS(insertion sequences)插入序列Interrupted Mating中断杂交Agitation搅拌transposable elements转座因子transposase转位酶inverted terminal repeats末端反向重复序列Conservation保存，保守Replicative重复的Bacteriophages噬菌体Cointegrate共合体cointegrate structure共合体结构Mutagenesis with Transponsable Elements用转座子诱变insertional inactivation插入失活neomycin and kanamycin resistance新霉素和卡那霉素抗性tetracycline 四环素biological mutagen生物诱变剂vector载体Integrons整合子Integrase整合酶Genetic Map基因图谱Operon操纵子Polycistronic mRNA 多顺反子mRNABidirection双向Highly expressed genes高度表达基因Horizontal gene transfer水平基因转移Haemophilus influenzae流感嗜血杆菌Hyperthermophiles极端嗜热微生物Mycoplasma genitalium生殖道支原体Chlorella 绿藻的一种Methanococcus jannaschii詹氏甲烷球菌Pseudomonas aeruginosa铜绿假单胞菌Saccharomyces cerevisiae啤酒酵母Streptomyces coelicolor天蓝色链霉菌Treponema pallidum苍白密螺旋体（梅毒密螺旋体）Thermotoga maritima海栖热孢菌Unidentified reading frame-URF未经确认的阅读框架Genomic mining基因组挖掘Paralogs侧向同源Orthologs直向同源obligate parasitic bacterium严格寄生菌Helicobacter pylori螺旋幽门菌cyanobacterium Synechocytis 蓝细菌introns内含子Plasmodium falciparum疟原虫Malaria疟疾Encephalitozoon cuniculi 家兔脑内原虫病Ustilago maydis玉米黑粉病Phytopathogenic fungus植物病原真菌smut disease黑穗病Chapter 11Stromatolites叠层石Fossiled 化石Filamentous丝状的Systematics系统学Taxonomy分类法Diversification多样化Phylogeny系统发生, 发展史Endosymbiosis内共生Prokaryotes原核生物trapped sediments捕捉的沉淀物phototrophic bacteria光养细菌anoxygenic phototrophic bacteria 厌氧光养细菌lipoprotein vesicles脂蛋白小泡cyanobacterium 蓝细菌entity实体ferrous亚铁的photosynthesis光合作用oxygenation加氧作用，氧气形成oxic有氧的ozone shield臭氧层eukaryotes cell真核细胞chemoorganotrophic化能有机营养mitochondrion线粒体cytoplasm细胞质chloroplast叶绿体endosymbiotic内共生的phototroph光养生物，光能利用菌symbionts共生体metazoan后生生物Evolutionary Chronometers进化时钟Homologous function相同功能Sequence alignment序列排列，序列对比ATPase ATP酶genetic recombination遗传重组Ribosomal核糖体的Phylogenetic系统发生的Cellular细胞的Microbial Community Analysis微生物群体分析phylogenetic tree系统发育树Evolutionary distance ED 进化距离fluorescent i n-s itu h ybridization荧光素原位杂交Horizontal (lateral) gene transfer 水平（侧向）基因转移human genome人类基因组nematode线虫yeast酵母mustard芥菜parasites寄生虫vertebrates脊椎动物Peptidoglycan肽聚糖Cellulose纤维素Chitin几丁质，壳质Archaea古生菌Lipids脂质Ester酯RNA polymerase RNA聚合酶Polypeptides多肽Framework框架Phenotype显型，表现型Phylogenetics系统发生学Classical Taxonomy Morphology传统形态分类学fatty acid methyl ester (FAME) 脂肪酸甲基酯hybridization杂交genus属Molecular fingerprinting分子指纹PCR amplification聚合酶链式反应扩增Speciation物种形成coexist 共存prime ecological niche最初生态位ecotypes生态型Nomenclature命名法Manual手册Chapter 18Biodiversity 生物多样性Quantification 定量microorganisms微生物habitats栖息地Enrichment富集培养Staining染色Radioisotopes放射性同位素Microelectrodes微电极in situ（原位）Pure Culture纯培养Counterselective反选择enrichment vehicle富集培养手段purple紫色phototrophic光养anaerobes厌氧微生物microbial ecosystem 微生物生态系统tubes试管Agar shake琼脂震荡法dilution 稀释molten agar熔化的琼脂serial dilution 系列稀释inoculum接种体most probable numbers (MPN)最大概率数The Laser Tweezers 激光镊子microscopy显微镜术infrared laser 红外线激光器micromanipulation device显微操作装置trapped捕集的laser beam 激光柱contaminating污染Stable Isotope稳定同位素Azotobacter n.固氮(细)菌。
医学微生物学基本词汇英汉对照表范文
单词注释单词注释a cacquired immunodificie ncy syndrome 获得性免疫缺陷综合征（艾滋病）schlamydia psittaci 鹦鹉热衣原体active immunit 自动免疫chlamydia trachomatis 沙眼衣原体acute infection 急性感染chronic infection 慢性感染acyclovir 无环鸟苷classical biotype 古典生物型adenoviridae 腺病毒科clostridium 梭状芽胞杆菌属adenovirus 腺病毒cl.botulinum 肉毒梭菌adhesin 粘附素cl.difficile 艰难梭菌adsorption 吸附cl.perfringens 产气荚膜杆菌amantadine 金刚烷胺cl.tetani 破伤风梭菌amphotericin b 二性霉素b coagulase 血浆凝固酶anaerobicbacteria厌氧菌coccidioides immitis 厌酷球孢子菌antibiotic 抗生素coccus 球菌antigenic drift 抗原性漂移colonizzation factor 定居因子antigenic shift 抗原性转变complex symmetry 复合对称antisepsis 防腐continuous cell culture 传代细胞培养antitoxicimmunity抗毒素性免疫 cord factor 索状因子antitoxin 抗毒素core 核心apparentinfection显性传染coronaviridae 冠状病毒科arenaviridae 沙粒病毒科corynebacterium 棒状杆菌属artificial activeimmunity人工自动免疫 c.diphtheriae 白喉杆菌artificialpassiveimmunity人工被动免疫 coxiella 柯克斯体属aspergillus 曲霉菌coxsackie virus 柯萨奇病毒asepsis 无菌cryptococcus neoformans 新新型隐球菌assembly 装配cubic symmetry 立体对称avp 抗病毒蛋白cytocitic infection 杀细胞感染bacillicalmette-guerin, bcg卡介苗cytomegalovirus 巨细胞病毒bacillus 杆菌cytopathogenic effect 细胞致病作用b.anthraci 炭疽杆菌c-onc 细胞原癌基因b dbacteremia 菌血症defective interfering particles 缺损干扰颗粒bacteriocin 细菌素dengue virus 登革病毒bacteriod 类杆菌dermatophytes 皮肤丝状菌b.fragilis 脆弱类杆菌diphtheria 白喉b.melaninogenicus黑色素类杆菌 diplococcus 双球菌bacteriophage 噬菌体diploid cell culture 二倍体细胞培养bacterium 细菌disinfection 消毒blastomyces dermatitidis 皮炎芽生菌enteroniavasive escherichiacol,eiec肠侵袭性大肠杆菌bordetellapertussis百日咳杆菌endogenous infection 内源性感染borrelia 疏螺旋体属el-tor biotype 埃尔托生物型b.recurrentis 回归热螺旋体 endotoxin 内毒素b.vincenti 奋森氏螺旋体enteric cytopathogenic humanorpan virus,埃可病毒b.burdorfe 莱姆病螺旋体 enterobacteriaceae 肠粘附性大肠杆菌botulism 肉毒中毒enterohemorrhagic escherichiacoli,etec肠产毒性大肠杆菌brucella 布氏杆菌属enterovirus 肠道病毒br.bovis 牛布氏杆菌envelope 囊膜br.melitensis 羊布氏杆菌enteropathoginc escherichiacoli,epec肠致病性大肠杆菌br.suis 猪布氏杆菌epidermophyton 表皮癣菌属bunyaviridae 布尼安病毒科 epstein-barr virus,eb virus eb eb病毒calmett-guerinsvaccine卡介苗escherichia 埃希氏菌属campylobacter 弯曲菌属 e.coli 大肠杆菌c.jejuni 空肠弯曲菌exogenous infection 外源性感染candidaalbicans白色念珠菌exotoxin 外毒素capsid 衣壳fimbriae 纤毛capsomere 壳微粒flagellum 鞭毛capsule 荚膜flaviviridae 黄病毒科carrier 带菌者fungus 真菌cell culture 细胞培养fusion 融合cell fusion 细胞融合ganciclovir 丙氧鸟苷cell wall 细胞壁genetic engineering 基因工程chitin 甲壳质genetic recombination 基因重组chlamydiae 衣原体growth inhibition test 生长抑制实验chlamydiapneumonia肺炎衣原体guarneiri body 顾氏小体hantaan virus 汉滩病毒horizontal tansmission 水平传播hantavirus 汉坦病毒属human immunodeficiency virus,hiv 人免疫缺陷病毒（艾滋病病毒）halophilicvibrio嗜盐弧菌hyaluronidase 透明质酸酶hbcag 乙型肝炎病毒immunofluorescence technic,ift 免疫荧光法核心抗原 hbeag 乙型肝炎病毒e 抗原inapparent imfection隐性传染 hbsag 乙型肝炎病毒表面抗原inclusion body包涵体hbv dna polymerase 乙型肝炎病毒dna 聚合酶 infectious mononucleosis传染性单核细胞增多症 heat-labiletoxin,lt 不耐热肠毒素 inferferon(ifn)干扰素 heat-stabletoxin,st耐热肠毒素 integrated infection整合传染 hela cells,hela 细胞 invasiveness 侵袭力 hemagglutinin,ha血凝集japanese encephalitis virus,jev 日本脑炎病毒hemagglutination-inhibition test血凝抑制试验 japanese b encephalitis,jbe 日本乙型脑炎hemagglutinati on phenomenon 血凝现象 klebsiella 克雷伯氏菌属 hemolysin 溶血素 k.pneumoniae 肺炎克雷伯氏菌hemlphilus 嗜血杆菌属 lactobacillus乳杆菌属 h.influenzae 流行性感冒杆菌latent infection潜伏感染hemorrhagicfever with renal syndrome 肾综合征合征出血热ld50半数致死量helicalsymmetry螺旋对称legionella 军团菌属 hepadnaviridae 嗜肝病毒科 legionnaires disease 军团菌病 hepatitis avirus,hav 甲型肝炎病毒 lentivirinae慢病毒科 hepatitis bvirus,hbv乙型肝炎病毒 leptospira钩端螺旋体属 hepatitis virus 肝炎病毒 local infection 局部感染 herpes simplexvirus单纯疱疹病毒 lipopolysaccharide,lps脂多糖 varicella-zostervirus带状疱疹病毒 lysogenic bacteria溶原性细菌 herpetoviridae 疱疹病毒科 lysogeny 溶原状态 human herps virus type 6、7 人疱疹病毒6、7型lysogenic phage溶原性噬菌体 histoplasma capsulatum 荚膜组织胞浆菌lyssavirus狂犬病毒科measles virus 麻疹病毒papovaviridae 乳多空病毒科mesosome 中介体parainfluenza virus 副流感病毒metabolicinhibition test代谢抑制试验 parmyxoviridae 副粘病毒科metachromaticgranules异染颗粒paramyxovirus 副粘病毒microbiology 微生物学parvoviridae 微小病毒科microcapsule 微荚膜parvavirus 微小病毒mcrococcustetragenus四联球菌penicillium 青霉菌micrometer,micron(u=um)微米penetration 穿入microorganism 微生物peplomer 囊微粒mold 霉菌persistent infection 持续性感染moniliaalbicans白色念珠菌pesticine-1 鼠疫杆菌杀菌素mucor 毛霉菌picornaviridae 小核糖核酸病毒科mumps virus 腮腺炎病毒pilus(或fimbrae) 菌毛mutation 突变plague 鼠疫mycelium 菌丝体plaque forming unit,pfu 空斑形成单位mycobacterium 分枝杆菌属plasmid 质粒m.tuberculosis 结核分枝杆菌 plasmin 胞浆素mycolic acid 分枝菌酸poliovirus 脊髓灰质炎病毒mycoplasma 支原体属polykaryocyte 多核巨细胞mycostatin 制霉菌素poly i:c,polyinosinic:cytrdyeic acid 多聚肌苷酸：胞苷酸mycotoxicosis 真菌毒素中毒症poxviridae 痘病毒科mycrosporum 小孢子癣菌属 poxvirus 痘病毒nairovirus 内罗病毒属pre-s antigen 前s抗原negri body 内基氏小体primary cell culture 原代细胞培养neisseria 奈瑟氏菌属prickle cell 棘细胞n.gonorrhoeae 淋病奈瑟氏力 prion 蛋白侵染因子n.meningitidis 脑膜炎奈瑟氏菌β-propialactone β-丙内脂newenterovirus新型肠道病毒 prophage 前噬菌体normal flora 正常菌群proteus 变形杆菌nuclearmaterial核质protoplast 原生质体nucleocapsid 核衣壳provirus 前病毒oldtuberculin,ot旧结核菌素pseudomonas 假单胞菌属oncornavirusrna肿瘤病毒p.aeruginosa 绿脓杆菌orthomyxoviridae正粘病毒科purified protein derivative,ppd 纯化蛋白衍生物orthomyxovirus正粘病毒pyosepticemia 脓毒血症humanpapilloma virus乳头瘤病毒pyrogen 热原质rabies virus 狂犬病病毒sh.boydii 鲍氏志贺氏菌receptorbinding protein受体连接蛋白 sh.dysenteriae 痢疾志贺氏菌release 释放sh.flexneri 福氏志贺氏菌reoviridae 呼肠孤病毒科 sh.sonnei 宋内氏志贺氏菌replication 复制slow infection 慢发性感染resistancefactor耐药因子spheroplast 原生质球resistance transfer factor,ptf 耐药性传递因子spike 刺突respiratorysyncytialvirus,rs virus呼吸道病毒spirillum 螺菌respiratoryviruses逆转录病毒科 spore 芽胞，孢子retroviridae 逆转录病毒staphylococcus 葡萄球菌retrovirus 逆转录酶stap.aureus 金黄色葡萄球菌reversetranscriptase弹状病毒科stap.epidermidis 表皮葡萄球菌rhabdoviridae 病毒唑stap.protein a,spa 葡萄球菌a蛋白ribavirin(virozol)rna病毒sterdy state infection 稳定感染rickettsia 立克次氏体属 sterillization 灭菌rifampin 利福平streptococcus 链球菌属ringworm fungi 癣菌strep.anhemolyticus 非溶血性链球菌rochalimaea 罗沙利马体属 strep.hemolyticus 溶血性链球菌（乙型链球菌）rotavirus 轮状病毒strp.pneumonia 肺炎链球菌russianspring-summer encephalitis virus 苏联春夏季脑炎病毒strep.viridans 草绿色链球菌（甲型链球菌）sabourauds medium 沙保氏培养培养基streptodornase 链道酶salmonella 沙门氏菌属streptokinase 链激酶s.choleraesuis 猪霍乱沙氏菌 subclinical infection 亚临床感染s.typhi 伤寒沙门氏菌 subunit vaccine 亚单位疫苗s.paratyphi 副伤寒沙门氏subacute sclerosing panencephalitis 亚急性硬化性全脑炎菌sspes.typhimurium 鼠伤寒沙门氏菌subvirus 亚病毒sarcina 八迭球菌syncytium 合胞体shigella 志贺菌属syphilis 梅毒tcid50 50% 组织细胞感染量systemic infection 全身感染teichoic acid 磷壁酸vertical transmission 垂直传播temperatephage温和噬菌体vibrio 弧菌属temperature-sensitive conditional mutant,ts 温度敏感突变株v.cholerae 霍乱弧菌thymidinekinase胸腺核苷激酶 veillenella 韦荣氏球菌属togaviridae 披膜病毒科virino 朊病毒toxemia 毒血症virion 病毒体toxin 类毒素viroid 类病毒toxoid 密螺旋体属virulence 毒力treponema 梅毒螺旋体virulent phage 毒性噬菌体t.pallidum 雅司螺旋体virus 病毒t.pertenue 毛癣菌属virusoid 拟病毒trichophyton 毛癣菌素v—onc 病毒癌基因trichophytin 脱壳widal test 肥达氏试验uncoating 脲原体属yersinia 耶尔森氏菌属ureaplasma 脲原体属y.pestis 鼠疫杆菌vaccine 疫苗y.pseudotuberculosis 假结核杆菌。
微生物英汉对照.
Lactobacillus （Lactic Acid Bacteria /LAB）乳酸菌Lactobacillus casei 干酪乳杆菌（凯氏乳杆菌）Lactobacillus plantarum 植物乳杆菌spray drying 喷雾干燥1actic acid bacterium expolysacchafides / LAB EPS 乳酸菌胞外多糖Lactobacillus rhamnosus 鼠李糖乳杆菌Lactobacillus paracasei 副干酪乳杆菌Lactobacillus reuteri 罗伊氏乳杆菌Lactobacillus Fermentum 发酵乳杆菌Lactobacillus Acidophilus 嗜酸乳杆菌L.brevis 短乳杆菌L. Curvatus 弧形乳杆菌Lactobacillus bifermentans 双发酵乳杆菌L. delbrueckii bulgaricus 德式保加利亚乳杆菌Lactobacillus bulgaricus 保加利亞乳桿菌L. HelveticusL. JohnsoniiLeuconostoc mesenteroides 肠膜明串珠菌Lactobacillus vaccinostercus 牛痘乳杆菌lactobacillus sakei 沙克乳杆菌Lactobacillus sakei 米酒乳杆菌Lactococcus sp./Lc. pisciumCarnobacterium sp./Car. divergensLactobacillus.helveticu 瑞士乳杆菌Bifidobacterium sp. 双歧杆菌（或比菲德氏菌）Carnobacterium - 肉杆菌属Carnobacterium alterfunditum - 类湖底肉杆菌Carnobacterium divergens - 广布肉杆菌Carnobacterium funditum - 沉积层肉杆菌Carnobacterium funditum - 底层肉杆菌Carnobacterium funditum - 湖底肉杆菌Carnobacterium gallinarum - 鸡肉杆菌Carnobacterium gingivalis - Carnobacterium ochraceusCarnobacterium mobile - 活动肉杆菌Carnobacterium mobile - 疏松肉杆菌Clostridium perfringens 產氣莢模桿菌Clostridium difficile 梭胞桿菌Candida albicans 白色念珠菌屬Escherichia coli 病原性大腸桿菌enterocins伏尔加霉素Listeria 李士德菌屬Pediococcus pentosaceus 戊糖片球菌Pseudomonas 假單胞菌屬／帚狀菌屬Streptococcus thermophilus 嗜高溫鏈球菌Salmonella typhimurium 傷寒桿菌Staphylococcus aureus 金黃色葡萄球菌Weissella - 魏斯氏菌属Weissella confusa - 融合乳杆菌Weissella confusa - 融合魏斯氏菌Weissella halotolerans - 耐盐魏斯氏菌Weissella halotolerans - 耐盐乳杆菌Weissella hellenica - 赫伦魏斯氏菌Weissella kandleri - 坎德勒氏乳杆菌Weissella kandleri - 坎氏乳杆菌Weissella kandleri - 坎氏魏斯氏菌Weissella minor - 稍小乳杆菌目前普遍認為的乳酸菌已由早期的四個屬再細分及擴充為下列十一個屬：(1)乳酸桿菌屬(Lactobacillus)(2)明串球菌屬(Leuconostoc)(3)鏈球菌屬(Streptococcus)(4)足球菌屬(Pediococcus)(5)有孢子乳酸菌(Sporolactobacillus)(6)腸球菌屬(Enterococcus)(7)乳酸球菌屬(Lactococcus)(8)肉品桿菌屬(Carnobacterium)(9)徘徊球菌屬(Vagococcus)(10)四體球菌(Tetragenococcus)(11)雙歧桿菌屬(Bifidobacterium)··生物梅里埃细菌英中文对照表AAbiotrophia adjacens 毗邻贫养菌Abiotrophia defective 软弱贫养菌Achromobacter spp 无色杆菌属某些种Acinetobacter /Pseudomonas spp 不动杆菌/假单胞菌属某些种Acinetobacter baumannii 鲍氏不动杆菌Acinetobacter calcoaceticus 醋酸钙不动杆菌Acinetobacter haemolyticus 溶血不动杆菌Acinetobacter johnsonii 约氏不动杆菌Acinetobacter junii 琼氏不动杆菌Acinetobacter lwoffii 鲁氏不动杆菌Acinetobacter radioresistens 抗辐射不动杆菌Acinetobacter spp 不动杆菌属某些种Acinetobacter spp/Pseudomonas spp 不动杆菌属某些种/假单胞菌属某些种Acinetobacter/Pseudomonas spp 不动杆菌/假单胞菌属某些种Actinobacillus actinomycetemcomitans 伴放线放线杆菌Actinomyces israelii 衣氏放线菌Actinomyces meyeri 麦氏放线菌Actinomyces naeslundii 内氏放线菌Actinomyces neuii anitratus 纽氏放线菌无硝亚种Actinomyces neuii neuii 纽氏放线菌纽氏亚种Actinomyces neuii radingae 纽氏放线菌罗亚种Actinomyces neuii turicensis 纽氏放线菌图列茨亚种Actinomyces odontolyticus 龋齿放线菌Actinomyces viscosus 粘放线菌Aerococcus viridans 绿浅气球菌Aeromonas caviae 豚鼠气单胞菌Aeromonas hydrophila 嗜水气单胞菌Aeromonas hydrophila gr. 嗜水气单胞菌群Aeromonas salmonicida achromogenes 杀鲑气单胞菌无色亚种Aeromonas salmonicida masoucida 杀鲑气单胞菌杀日本鲑亚种Aeromonas salmonicida salmonicida 杀鲑气单胞菌杀鲑亚种Aeromonas sobria 温和气单胞菌Agrobacterium radiobacter 放射形土壤杆菌Alcaligenes denitrificans 反硝化产碱菌Alcaligenes faecalis 粪产碱菌Alcaligenes spp 产碱菌属某些种Alcaligenes xylosoxidans 木糖氧化产碱菌Alloiococcus otitis 耳炎差异球菌Anaerobiospirllum succiniproducens 产琥珀酸厌氧螺菌Arachnia propionica 丙酸蛛菌Arcanobacterium bernardiae 伯纳德隐秘杆菌Arcanobacterium haemolyticum 溶血隐秘杆菌Arcanobacterium pyogenes 化脓隐秘杆菌Arcobacter cryaerohoilus 嗜低温弓形杆菌Arthrobacter spp 节杆菌属某些种BBacteroides caccae 粪拟杆菌Bacteroides capillosus 多毛拟杆菌Bacteroides eggerthii 埃氏拟杆菌Bacteroides fragilis 脆弱拟杆菌Bacteroides levii 利氏拟杆菌Bacteroides merdae 屎拟杆菌Bacteroides ovatus 卵形拟杆菌Bacteroides stercoris 粪便拟杆菌Bacteroides thetaiotaomicron 多形拟杆菌Bacteroides uniformis 单形拟杆菌Bacteroides ureolyticus 解脲拟杆菌Bacteroides vulgatus 普通拟杆菌Bergeyella zoohelcum 动物溃疡伯格菌Bifidobacterium adolescentis 青春双岐杆菌Bifidobacterium bifidum 双岐双岐杆菌Bifidobacterium breve 短双岐杆菌Bifidobacterium dentium 齿双歧杆菌Bifidobacterium infantis 婴儿双岐杆菌Bifidobacterium spp 双岐杆菌属某些种Bordetella avium 鸟博德特菌Bordetella bronchiseptica 支气管炎博德特菌Bordetella spp 博德特菌属某些种Branhamella catarrhalis 粘膜炎布兰汉球菌Brevendimonas diminuta 缺陷短波单胞菌Brevendimonas vesicularis 泡囊短波单胞菌Brevibacterium casei 乳酪短杆菌Brevibacterium epidermidis 表皮短杆菌Brevibacterium spp 短杆菌属某些种Brucella spp 布鲁菌属某些种Budvicia aquatica 水生布戴约维采菌Burkholderia cepacia 洋葱伯克霍尔德菌Burkholderia diminuta 洋葱伯克霍尔德菌Burkholderia gladioli 唐菖蒲伯克霍尔德菌Burkholderia pseudomallei 类鼻疽伯克霍尔德菌Buttiauxella agrestis 乡间布丘菌CCampylobacter coli 大肠弯曲杆菌Campylobacter fetus fetus 胚胎弯曲杆菌胚胎亚种Campylobacter fetus venerealis 胚胎弯曲杆菌性病亚种Campylobacter hyointestinalis 豚肠弯曲杆菌Campylobacter jejuni doylei 空肠弯曲杆菌德莱亚种Campylobacter jejuni jejuni 空肠弯曲杆菌空肠亚种Campylobacter lari 红嘴鸥弯曲杆菌Campylobacter lari UPTC 红嘴鸥弯曲杆菌UPTC变种Campylobacter mucosalis 粘膜弯曲杆菌Campylobacter sputorrum bubulus 唾液弯曲杆菌牛生物变种Campylobacter sputorrum fecalis 唾液弯曲杆菌粪生物变种Campylobacter upsaliensis 乌普萨拉弯曲杆菌Candida albicans 白假丝酵母Candida boidinii 博伊丁假丝酵母Candida catenulata 链状假丝酵母Candida ciferrii 西弗假丝酵母Candida colliculosa 软假丝酵母Candida curvata 弯假丝酵母Candida dattila dattila 假丝酵母Candida drusei 克鲁斯假丝酵母Candida dubliniensis 杜氏假丝酵母Candida famata 无名假丝酵母Candida glabrata 光滑假丝酵母Candida globosa 球形假丝酵母Candida guilliermondii 高里假丝酵母Candida hellenical (=C. steatolytica) Candida holmii 霍氏假丝酵母Candida inconspicua 平常假丝酵母Candida intermedia 中间假丝酵母Candida kefyr 乳酒假丝酵母Candida krusei 克柔假丝酵母Candida lambica 郎比可假丝酵母Candida lipolytica 解脂假丝酵母Candida lusitaniae 葡萄牙假丝酵母Candida magnoliae 木兰假丝酵母Candida melibiosica 口津假丝酵母Candida membranaefaciens 璞膜假丝酵母Candida norvegensis 挪威假丝酵母Candida norvegica norvegica 假丝酵母Candida parapsilosis 近平滑假丝酵母Candida pelliculosa 菌膜假丝酵母Candida pulcherrima 铁红假丝酵母Candida rugosa 皱落假丝酵母Candida rugosa 皱褶假丝酵母Candida sake 清酒假丝酵母Candida silvicola 森林假丝酵母Candida sphaerica 园球形假丝酵母Candida tropicalis 热带假丝酵母Candida utilis 产朊假丝酵母Candida valida 粗状假丝酵母Candida zeylanoides 诞沫假丝酵母Capnocytophaga gingivalis 牙龈二氧化碳嗜纤维菌Capnocytophaga ochracea 黄褐二氧化碳嗜纤维菌Capnocytophaga spp 二氧化碳嗜纤维菌属某些种Capnocytophaga sputigena 生痰二氧化碳嗜纤维菌CDC gruop IV C-2 CDC菌群IV C-2Cedecea davisae 戴氏西地西菌Cedecea lapagei 拉氏西地西菌Cedecea neteri 奈氏西地西菌Cedecea spp 西地西菌属某些种Cellulomonas spp 纤维单胞菌属某些种Cellulomonas turbata 特氏纤维单胞菌Ceotruchum candidum 假丝地霉Ceotruchum capitatum 头状地霉Ceotruchum fermenfans 发酵地霉Ceotruchum penicillatum 潘氏地霉Ceotruchum spp 地霉菌属某些种Chromobacterium violaceum 紫色色杆菌Chryseobacterium indologenes 产吲哚金黄杆菌Chryseobacterium meningosepticum 脑膜脓毒性金黄杆菌Chryseomonas luteola 浅黄金色单胞菌Citrobacter amalonaticua 无丙二酸柠檬酸杆菌Citrobacter braakii 布氏柠檬酸杆菌Citrobacter farmeri 法氏柠檬酸杆菌Citrobacter freundii 弗氏柠檬酸杆菌Citrobacter freundii group 弗氏柠檬酸杆菌群Citrobacter koseri 柯氏柠檬酸杆菌Citrobacter koseri 克氏柠檬酸杆菌Citrobacter koseri (= C.diversus) 克氏柠檬酸杆菌（=差异柠檬酸杆菌）Citrobacter koseri/amalonaticus 克氏/无丙二酸柠檬酸杆菌Citrobacter youngae 杨氏柠檬酸杆菌Clostridium acetobutylicum 丙酮丁醇梭杆菌Clostridium barati 巴氏梭菌Clostridium beijerinckii 拜氏梭菌Clostridium beijerinckii /butyricum 拜氏/丁酸梭菌Clostridium bifermentans 双酶梭菌Clostridium botlinum 肉毒梭菌Clostridium butyricum 丁酸梭菌Clostridium cadaveris 尸毒梭菌Clostridium clostridiiforme 梭状梭菌Clostridium difficile 艰难梭菌Clostridium fallax 谲诈梭菌Clostridium glycolicum 乙二醇梭菌Clostridium hastiforme 矛形梭菌Clostridium histolyticum 溶组织梭菌Clostridium innocuum 无害梭菌Clostridium innocuum 无害芽胞梭菌Clostridium limosum 泥渣梭菌Clostridium paraputrificum 类腐败梭菌Clostridium perfringens 产气荚膜梭菌Clostridium ramosum 多枝梭菌Clostridium septicum 败毒梭菌Clostridium sordellii 索氏梭菌Clostridium sporogenes 生孢梭菌Clostridium spp 梭菌属某些种Clostridium subterminale 近端梭菌Clostridium tertium 第三梭菌Clostridium tetani 破伤风梭菌Clostridium tyrobutyricum 酪丁酸梭菌Comamonas acidovorans 食酸丛毛单胞菌Comamonas spp 丛毛单胞菌属某些种Comonas testosteroni 睾丸酮丛毛单胞菌Corynebacterium accolens 拥挤棒杆菌Corynebacterium afermentans 非发酵棒杆菌Corynebacterium amycolatum 无枝菌酸棒杆菌Corynebacterium aquaticum 水生棒杆菌Corynebacterium argentoratense 银色棒杆菌Corynebacterium auris 耳棒杆菌Corynebacterium bovis 牛棒杆菌Corynebacterium cystitidis 膀胱炎棒杆菌Corynebacterium diphtheriae belfanti Corynebacterium diphtheriae gravis 重白喉棒杆菌Corynebacterium diphtheriae mitis 缓和白喉棒杆菌Corynebacterium glucuronolyticum 解葡萄糖苷Corynebacterium group F- 1 F-1群棒杆菌Corynebacterium group G G群棒杆菌Corynebacterium jeikeium 杰氏棒杆菌Corynebacterium kutscher 库氏棒杆菌Corynebacterium macginleyi 麦氏棒杆菌Corynebacterium minutissimum 极小棒杆菌Corynebacterium pilosum 多毛棒杆菌Corynebacterium propinquum 丙酸棒杆菌Corynebacterium pseudodiphtheriticum 假白喉棒杆菌Corynebacterium pseudotuberculosis 假结核棒杆菌Corynebacterium renale 牛肾盂炎棒杆菌Corynebacterium renale group 牛肾盂炎棒杆菌群Corynebacterium seminale 生殖棒杆菌Corynebacterium striatum 纹带棒杆菌Corynebacterium ulcerans 溃疡棒杆菌Corynebacterium urealyticum 解脲棒杆菌Cryptococcus albidus 浅白隐球酵母Cryptococcus humicola 土生隐球菌Cryptococcus humicolus 土生隐球酵母Cryptococcus laurentii 罗伦隐球酵母Cryptococcus neoformans 新型隐球酵母Cryptococcus terreus 地生隐球酵母Cryptococcus uniguttulatus 指甲隐球酵母Cryytococcus neoformans 白地霉DDebaryomyces polymorphus 多形德巴利酵母菌Dermabacter hominis 人皮肤杆菌Dermacoccus nishinomiyaensis 西宫皮肤球菌Dietzia spp 迪茨菌属某些种EEdwardsiella hoshinae 保科爱德华菌Edwardsiella tarda 迟钝爱德华菌Eikenella corrodens 啮蚀艾肯菌Enterobacter aerogenes 产气肠杆菌Enterobacter amnigenus 河生肠杆菌Enterobacter asburiae 阿氏肠杆菌Enterobacter cancerogenus 生癌肠杆菌Enterobacter cloacae 阴沟肠杆菌Enterobacter gergoviae 日沟维肠杆菌Enterobacter intermedius 中间肠杆菌Enterobacter sakazakii 阪崎肠杆菌Enterobacter spp 肠杆菌属某些种Enterococcus avium 鸟肠球菌Enterococcus casselifavus 铅黄肠球菌Enterococcus durans 耐久肠球菌Enterococcus faecalis 粪肠球菌Enterococcus faecium 屎肠球菌Enterococcus gallinarum 鹑鸡肠球菌Enterococcus hirae 海氏肠球菌Enterococcus saccharolyticus 解糖肠球菌Erwinia spp 欧文菌属某些种Erysipelothrix rhusiopathiae 猪红斑丹毒丝菌Escherichia coli 大肠埃希菌Escherichia fergusonii 费格森埃希菌Escherichia hermannii 赫氏埃希菌Escherichia vulneris 伤口埃希菌Eubacterium aerofaciens 产气真杆菌Eubacterium lentum 迟缓真杆菌Eubacterium limosum 粘液真杆菌Ewingella americana 美洲爱文菌FFlavimonas oryzihabitans 栖稻黄色单胞菌Fusobacterium mortiferum 死亡梭杆菌Fusobacterium necrogenes 坏疽梭杆菌Fusobacterium necrophorum 坏死梭杆菌Fusobacterium nucleatum 具核梭杆菌Fusobacterium varium 可变梭杆菌GGardnerella vaginalis 阴道加德纳氏菌Gemella haemolysans 溶血孪生球菌Gemella mobillorum 麻疹孪生球菌Geotrichum candidum 白地霉Geotrichum capitatum 头状地霉Geotrichum penicillatum 帚状地霉Gordona spp 戈登菌属某些种HHaemophilus aphrophilus 嗜沫嗜血杆菌Haemophilus influenzae 流感嗜血杆菌Haemophilus influenzae I 流感嗜血杆菌Ⅰ型Haemophilus influenzae II 流感嗜血杆菌Ⅱ型Haemophilus influenzae III 流感嗜血杆菌Ⅲ型Haemophilus influenzae IV 流感嗜血杆菌Ⅳ型Haemophilus influenzae V 流感嗜血杆菌Ⅴ型Haemophilus influenzae VI 流感嗜血杆菌Ⅵ型Haemophilus influenzae VII 流感嗜血杆菌Ⅶ型Haemophilus influenzae VIII 流感嗜血杆菌Ⅷ型Haemophilus parainfluenzae 副流感嗜血杆菌Haemophilus parainfluenzae I 副流感嗜血杆菌Ⅰ型Haemophilus parainfluenzae II 副流感嗜血杆菌Ⅱ型Haemophilus parainfluenzae III 副流感嗜血杆菌Ⅲ型Haemophilus parainfluenzae IV 副流感嗜血杆菌Ⅳ型Haemophilus parainfluenzae V 副流感嗜血杆菌Ⅴ型Haemophilus parainfluenzae VI 副流感嗜血杆菌Ⅵ型Haemophilus parainfluenzae VII 流感嗜血杆菌Ⅶ型Haemophilus parainfluenzae VIII 副流感嗜血杆菌Ⅷ型Haemophilus paraphrophilus 副嗜沫嗜血杆菌Haemophilus somnus 睡眠嗜血杆菌Hafinia alvei 蜂房哈夫尼亚菌Hansenula polymorpha 多形汉逊酵母Hansenula saturnus 土星汉逊酵母Helicobacter cinaedi 同性恋螺杆菌Helicobacter fennelliae 芬纳尔螺杆菌Helicobacter pylori 幽门螺杆菌KKlebsiella ornithinolytica 解鸟氨酸克雷伯菌Klebsiella oxytoca 产酸克雷伯菌Klebsiella planticola 植生克雷伯菌Klebsiella pneumonia ozaenae 肺炎克雷伯菌臭鼻亚种Klebsiella pneumonia rhinoscleromatis 肺炎克雷伯菌鼻硬结亚种Klebsiella pneumoniae pneumoniae 肺炎克雷伯菌肺炎亚种Klebsiella terrigena 土生克雷伯菌Kloeckera apiculata 柠檬克勒克酵母Kloeckera apis 蜜蜂克勒克酵母Kloeckera japonica 日本克勒克酵母Kloeckera spp 克勒克酵母某些种Kluyvera ascorbata 抗坏血酸克吕沃尔菌Kluyvera cryocrescens 栖冷克吕沃尔菌Kluyvera spp 克吕沃尔菌属某些种Kluyvera terrigena 土生克雷伯菌Kocuria kristinae 克氏库克菌Kocuria roseus (=Micrococcus roseus) 玫瑰色库克菌（=玫瑰色微球菌）Kocuria varians (=Micrococcus varians) 变异库克菌（=变异微球菌）Koserella trabulsii 特氏科泽菌Kytococcus sedentaruis 不动盖球菌LLactobacillus acidophilus 嗜酸乳杆菌Lactobacillus fermentium 发酵乳杆菌Lactobacillus jensenii 詹氏乳杆菌Lactococcus garvieae 格氏乳球菌Lactococcus lactis cremoris 乳酸乳球菌乳脂亚种Lactococcus lactis lactis 乳酸乳球菌乳亚种Lactococcus raffinolactis 棉子糖乳球菌Leclercia adcarboxglata 非脱羧勒克菌Leptotrichia buccalis 口腔纤毛菌Leuconostoc spp 明串珠菌属某些种Listeria grayi 格氏利斯特菌Listeria innocua 无害利斯特菌Listeria ivanovii 伊氏利斯特菌Listeria ivanovii 依氏利斯特菌Listeria monocytogenes 单核细胞增生利斯特菌Listeria seeligeri 斯氏利斯特菌Listeria spp 利斯特菌属某些种Listeria welshimeri 威氏利斯特菌Listeria welshimeri 魏氏利斯特菌Luconostoc spp 明串珠菌属某些种MMicrobacterium spp 微小杆菌属某些种Micrococcus luteus 滕黄微球菌Micrococcus lylae 莱拉微球菌Micrococcus lylae 里拉微球菌Micrococcus spp 微球菌属某些种Mobiluncus curtisii 克氏动弯杆菌Mobiluncus mulieris 羞怯动弯杆菌Mobiluncus spp 动弯杆菌属某些种Moellerella spp 米勒菌属某些种Moellerella wisconsensis 威斯康星米勒菌Moraxella lacunata 腔隙莫拉菌Moraxella nonliquefaciens 非液化莫拉菌Moraxella osloensis 奥斯陆莫拉菌Moraxella spp 莫拉菌属某些种Morganella morganii 摩氏摩根菌NNeisseria cinerea 灰色奈瑟球菌Neisseria gonorrhoeae 淋病奈瑟球菌Neisseria lactamica 乳糖奈瑟球菌Neisseria meningitidis 脑膜炎奈瑟球菌Neisseria mucosa 粘液奈瑟球菌Neisseria polysaccharea 多糖奈瑟球菌Neisseria sicca 干燥奈瑟球菌Neisseria spp 奈瑟菌属某些种Neisseria subflava 微黄奈瑟球菌Nocardia spp 奴卡菌属某些种OOchrobactrum anthropi 人苍白杆菌Oerskovia spp 厄氏菌属某些种Oerskovia xanthineolytica 溶黄嘌呤厄菌Oligella ureolytica 解脲寡源杆菌Oligella urethralis 尿道寡源杆菌PPantoea spp 泛菌属某些种Pasteurella aerogenes 产气巴斯德菌Pasteurella gr.EF4 巴斯德菌群EF4Pasteurella haemolytica 溶血巴斯德菌Pasteurella multocida 多杀巴斯德菌Pasteurella pneumotropica 侵肺巴斯德菌Pasteurella spp 巴斯德菌属某些种Peptococcus niger 黑色消化球菌Peptostreptococcus anaerobius 厌氧消化链球菌Peptostreptococcus asaccharolyticus 不解糖消化链球菌Peptostreptococcus indolicus 产吲哚消化链球菌Peptostreptococcus indolicus 吲哚消化链球菌Peptostreptococcus magnus 大消化链球菌Peptostreptococcus micros 微小消化链球菌Peptostreptococcus prevotii 普氏消化链球菌Peptostreptococcus spp 消化链球菌属某些种Photobacterium damsela 美人鱼发光杆菌Pichia carsonii 卡氏毕赤酵母Pichia etchellsii 埃切毕赤酵母Pichia farinosa 粉状毕赤酵母Pichia ohmeri 奥默毕赤酵母Pichia spartinae 斯巴达克毕赤酵母Plesimonas shigelloides 类志贺邻单胞菌Porphyromonas asaccharolytica 不解糖卟啉单胞菌Porphyromonas endodontalis 牙髓卟啉单胞菌Porphyromonas gingivalis 牙龈卟啉单胞菌Prevotella bivia 二路普雷沃尔菌Prevotella buccae 颊普雷沃菌Prevotella buccalis 口颊普雷沃菌Prevotella denticola 栖牙普雷沃菌Prevotella disiens 解糖胨普雷沃菌Prevotella intermedia 中间普雷沃菌Prevotella loescheii 洛氏普雷沃菌Prevotella melaninogenica 产黑色普雷沃菌Prevotella oralis 口腔普雷沃菌Prevotella oris(=Bacteroides oris) 口普雷沃菌(=口拟杆菌) Propionibacterium acnes 疮疱丙酸杆菌Propionibacterium avidum 贪婪丙酸杆菌Propionibacterium granulosum 颗粒丙酸杆菌Propionibacterium propionicum 丙酸丙酸杆菌Proteus mirabilis 奇异变形杆菌Proteus penneri 彭氏变形杆菌Proteus vuigaris 普通变形杆菌Prototheca wickerhamii 魏氏原壁菌Providencia alcalifaciens 产碱普罗威登斯菌Providencia rettgeri 雷氏普罗威登斯菌Providencia rustigianii 拉氏普罗威登斯菌Providencia stuartii 斯氏普罗威登斯菌Providencia stuartii/ alcalifaciens 司氏/产碱普罗威登斯菌Pseudomonas aeruginosa 铜绿假单胞菌Pseudomonas alcaligenes 产碱假单胞菌Pseudomonas fluorescens 荧光假单胞菌Pseudomonas mendocina 门多萨假单胞菌Pseudomonas pseudoalcaligenes 假产碱假单胞菌Pseudomonas putida 恶臭假单胞菌Pseudomonas spp 假单胞菌属某些种Pseudomonas sputita 恶臭假单胞菌Pseudomonas stutzeri 施氏假单胞菌Pseudomonsa aeruginosa 铜绿假单胞菌Pseudomonsa fluorescens 荧光假单胞菌Pseudomonsa pseudomallei 类鼻疽假单胞菌Pseudomonsa putida 恶臭假单胞菌Pseudomonsa spp 假单胞菌属某些种RRahnella aquatilis 水生拉恩菌Rhodococcus spp 红球菌属某些种Rhodotorula glutinis 红酵母Rhodotorula glutinis 粘红酵母Rhodotorula minuta 小红酵母Rhodotorula mucilaginosa 粘质红酵母Rothia dentocariosa 龋齿罗菌SSaccharomyces cerevisiae 酿酒酵母Saccharomyces kluyverii 克鲁费酵母Salmonella arizonae 亚利桑那沙门菌Salmonella choleraesuis 猪霍乱沙门菌Salmonella enteritidis 肠炎沙门菌Salmonella gallinarum 鸡沙门菌Salmonella paratyphi A 甲型副伤寒沙门菌Salmonella paratyphi B 乙型副伤寒沙门菌Salmonella pullorum 鸡白痢沙门菌Salmonella spp 沙门菌属某些种Salmonella typhi 伤寒沙门菌Salmonella typhimurium 鼠伤寒沙门菌Serratia ficaria 无花果沙雷菌Serratia fonticola 居泉沙雷菌Serratia liquefaciens 液化沙雷菌Serratia marcescens 粘质沙雷菌Serratia odorifera 气味沙雷菌Serratia odorifera 1 气味沙雷菌1型Serratia odorifera 2 气味沙雷菌2型Serratia plymuthica 普城沙雷菌Serratia proteamaculans 变形斑沙雷菌Serratia putrefaciens 腐败沙雷菌Serratia rubidaea 深红沙雷菌Shewanella putrefaciens 腐败希瓦菌Shigella bogdii 鲍氏志贺菌Shigella dysenteriae 痢疾志贺菌Shigella flexneri 弗氏志贺菌Shigella sonnei 索氏志贺菌Shigella spp 志贺菌属某些种Sphingobacterium multivorum 多食鞘氨醇杆菌Sphingobacterium Spiritivovum 嗜神鞘氨醇杆菌Sphingobacterium spiritovorum 食神鞘氨醇杆菌Sphingomonas paucimobilis 少动鞘氨醇单胞菌Sporobolomyces salmonicolor 赭色掷孢酵母Staphylococcus arlettae 阿尔莱特葡萄球菌Staphylococcus aureus 金黄色葡萄球菌Staphylococcus auricularis 耳葡萄球菌Staphylococcus capitis 头状葡萄球菌Staphylococcus caprae 山羊葡萄球菌Staphylococcus carnosus 肉葡萄球菌Staphylococcus chromogenes 产色葡萄球菌Staphylococcus cohnii cohnii 科氏葡萄球菌科氏亚种Staphylococcus cohnii urealyticum 科氏葡萄球菌解脲亚种Staphylococcus epidermidis 表皮葡萄球菌Staphylococcus equorum 马胃葡萄球菌Staphylococcus gallinarum 鸡葡萄球菌Staphylococcus haemolyticus 溶血葡萄球菌Staphylococcus hominis 人葡萄球菌Staphylococcus hyicus 猪葡萄球菌Staphylococcus intermedius 中间葡萄球菌Staphylococcus kloosii 克氏葡萄球菌Staphylococcus lentus 缓慢葡萄球菌Staphylococcus lugdunensis 路邓葡萄球菌Staphylococcus saccharolylicus 解糖葡萄球菌Staphylococcus saprophyticus 腐生葡萄球菌Staphylococcus schleiferi 施氏葡萄球菌Staphylococcus sciuri 松鼠葡萄球菌Staphylococcus simulans 模仿葡萄球菌Staphylococcus warneri 沃氏葡萄球菌Staphylococcus xylosus 木糖葡萄球菌Stenotrophomonas maltophilia 嗜麦寡养食单胞菌Stenotrophomonas maltophilia 嗜麦芽寡养单胞菌Stomatococcus mucilaginosus 粘滑口腔球菌Streptococcus acidominimus 少酸链球菌Streptococcus agalactiae 无乳链球菌Streptococcus alactolyticus 非解乳糖链球菌Streptococcus anginosus 咽峡炎链球菌Streptococcus bovis I 牛链球菌Ⅰ型Streptococcus bovis II 牛链球菌Ⅱ型Streptococcus canis 狗链球菌Streptococcus constellatus 星座链球菌Streptococcus downei 汗毛链球菌Streptococcus dysgalactiae 停乳链球菌停乳亚种Streptococcus dysgalactiae equlsimilis 停乳链球菌似马亚种Streptococcus equi equi 马链球菌马亚种Streptococcus equi zooepidemicus 马链球菌兽瘟亚种Streptococcus equinus 马肠链球菌Streptococcus gordonii 格氏链球菌Streptococcus gr L L群链球菌Streptococcus intermadius 中间链球菌Streptococcus mitis 缓症链球菌Streptococcus mutans 变异链球菌Streptococcus oralis 口腔链球菌Streptococcus parasanguis 副血链球菌Streptococcus penumoniae 肺炎链球菌Streptococcus porcinus 豕链球菌Streptococcus pyogenes 化脓链球菌Streptococcus salivarius salivarius 唾液链球菌唾液亚种Streptococcus salivarius thermophilus 唾液链球菌嗜热亚种Streptococcus sanguis 血链球菌Streptococcus sobrinus 表兄链球菌Streptococcus suis I 猪链球菌Ⅰ型Streptococcus suis II 猪链球菌Ⅱ型Streptococcus uberis 乳房链球菌Streptococcus vestibularis 前庭链球菌TTatumella ptyseos 痰塔特姆菌Trichosporon asahii 阿氏丝孢酵母Trichosporon asteroides 星状丝孢酵母Trichosporon inkin 墨汁丝孢酵母Trichosporon mucoides 粘性丝孢酵母Trichosporon ovoides 卵形丝孢酵母Trichosporon spp 丝孢酵母某些种VVeillonella parvula 小韦荣球菌Veillonella spp 韦荣氏球菌属某些种Versinia enterocolitica 小肠结肠炎耶尔森菌Versinia pseudotuberculosis 假结核耶尔森菌Vibrio alginolyiicus 解藻朊酸弧菌Vibrio cholerae 霍乱弧菌Vibrio fluvialis 弗氏弧菌Vibrio fluvialis 河流孤菌Vibrio hollisae 霍氏弧菌Vibrio metschnikovi 梅氏弧菌Vibrio mimicus 最小弧菌Vibrio parahaemolyticus 副溶血弧菌Vibrio vulnficus 创伤弧菌WWeeksella virosa 有毒威克斯菌Weeksella zoohelcum 动物溃疡威克斯菌YYersinia enterocolitica 小肠结肠炎耶尔森菌Yersinia frederiksenii 弗氏耶尔森菌Yersinia intermedia 中间耶尔森菌Yersinia kristensenii 克氏耶尔森菌Yersinia pestis 鼠疫耶尔森菌Yersinia pseudotuberculosis 假结核耶尔森菌Yersinia ruckeri 鲁氏耶尔森菌ZZygosaccharomyces spp 接合酵母属某些种。
微生物英汉对照
Lactobacillus （Lactic Acid Bacteria /LAB）乳酸菌Lactobacillus casei 干酪乳杆菌（凯氏乳杆菌）Lactobacillus plantarum 植物乳杆菌spray drying 喷雾干燥1actic acid bacterium expolysacchafides / LAB EPS 乳酸菌胞外多糖Lactobacillus rhamnosus 鼠李糖乳杆菌Lactobacillus paracasei 副干酪乳杆菌Lactobacillus reuteri 罗伊氏乳杆菌Lactobacillus Fermentum 发酵乳杆菌Lactobacillus Acidophilus 嗜酸乳杆菌L.brevis 短乳杆菌L. Curvatus 弧形乳杆菌Lactobacillus bifermentans 双发酵乳杆菌L. delbrueckii bulgaricus 德式保加利亚乳杆菌Lactobacillus bulgaricus 保加利亞乳桿菌L. HelveticusL. JohnsoniiLeuconostoc mesenteroides 肠膜明串珠菌Lactobacillus vaccinostercus 牛痘乳杆菌lactobacillus sakei 沙克乳杆菌Lactobacillus sakei 米酒乳杆菌Lactococcus sp./Lc. pisciumCarnobacterium sp./Car. divergensLactobacillus.helveticu 瑞士乳杆菌Bifidobacterium sp. 双歧杆菌（或比菲德氏菌）Carnobacterium - 肉杆菌属Carnobacterium alterfunditum - 类湖底肉杆菌Carnobacterium divergens - 广布肉杆菌Carnobacterium funditum - 沉积层肉杆菌Carnobacterium funditum - 底层肉杆菌Carnobacterium funditum - 湖底肉杆菌Carnobacterium gallinarum - 鸡肉杆菌Carnobacterium gingivalis - Carnobacterium ochraceusCarnobacterium mobile - 活动肉杆菌Carnobacterium mobile - 疏松肉杆菌Clostridium perfringens 產氣莢模桿菌Clostridium difficile 梭胞桿菌Candida albicans 白色念珠菌屬Escherichia coli 病原性大腸桿菌enterocins伏尔加霉素Listeria 李士德菌屬Pediococcus pentosaceus 戊糖片球菌Pseudomonas 假單胞菌屬／帚狀菌屬Streptococcus thermophilus 嗜高溫鏈球菌Salmonella typhimurium 傷寒桿菌Staphylococcus aureus 金黃色葡萄球菌Weissella - 魏斯氏菌属Weissella confusa - 融合乳杆菌Weissella confusa - 融合魏斯氏菌Weissella halotolerans - 耐盐魏斯氏菌Weissella halotolerans - 耐盐乳杆菌Weissella hellenica - 赫伦魏斯氏菌Weissella kandleri - 坎德勒氏乳杆菌Weissella kandleri - 坎氏乳杆菌Weissella kandleri - 坎氏魏斯氏菌Weissella minor - 稍小乳杆菌目前普遍認為的乳酸菌已由早期的四個屬再細分及擴充為下列十一個屬：(1)乳酸桿菌屬(Lactobacillus)(2)明串球菌屬(Leuconostoc)(3)鏈球菌屬(Streptococcus)(4)足球菌屬(Pediococcus)(5)有孢子乳酸菌(Sporolactobacillus)(6)腸球菌屬(Enterococcus)(7)乳酸球菌屬(Lactococcus)(8)肉品桿菌屬(Carnobacterium)(9)徘徊球菌屬(Vagococcus)(10)四體球菌(Tetragenococcus)(11)雙歧桿菌屬(Bifidobacterium)··。
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第一章
Bacterium 细菌
Coccus 球菌Diplococcus 双球菌
Bacillus 杆菌
Spiral bacterium 螺菌
Vibrio 弧菌
Cell wall 细胞壁Peptidoglycan 肽聚糖Mesosome 中介体
Plasmid 质粒
Inclusion 内含物Metachromatic granule 异染颗粒
Nuclear material 核质
Nucleoid 拟核
Teichoic acid 磷壁酸Lipoteichoic acid ,LTA 脂磷壁酸
Outer membrane 外膜Lipopolysaccharide,LPS 脂多糖
Lysozyme 溶菌酶
Bactrrial L form 细菌L形
Capsule 荚膜Microcapsule 微荚膜
Flagellum 鞭毛
Pilus(fimbria) 菌毛
Common pilus 普通菌毛
Sex pilus 性菌毛
Fertility 致育性
Spore 芽孢
Gram stain 革兰染色法
第二章
Lag phase 迟缓期Logarithmic phase 对数期Stationary phase 稳定期
Decline phase 衰亡期
pyrogen 热原质
pigment 色素
antibiotic 抗生素bacteriocin 细菌素
vitamin 维生素
第五章
Fertility plasmid 致育性质粒，F质粒
Resistance plasmid 耐药性质粒，R质粒Virulence plasmid 毒力质粒，V质粒Transposable element 转位因子
Insertion sequence IS 插入序列Transposon TN 转座子Bacteriophage phage 噬菌体
Virulent phage 毒性噬菌体Temperate phage 温和噬菌体Lysogeny 溶原性
Lysogenic phage 溶原性噬菌体Lysogenic bacterium 溶原性细菌Prophage 前噬菌体Fluctuation test 动试验，彷徨试验Replica planting 平板培养影印试验Conditional lethal mutation 条件致死性突变Temperature sensitive
温度敏感突变株，Ts株mutant
Transformation 转化
Transduction 转导
General transduction 普遍性转导
Abortive transduction 流产转导Conjugation 接合
High frequency
高频重组株recombinant ,Hfr
Lysogenic conversion 溶源性转换
第八章
MIC 最小抑菌浓度Vaccine 疫苗
Toxiod 类毒素
Antitoxin 抗毒素
Antisera 抗血清
Antibacterial agents 抗菌药物
Antibiotics 抗生素
Drug resistance 耐药性
第九章
Staphylococcus 葡萄球菌
S.aureus 金黄色葡萄球菌Staphylococcal protein
葡萄球菌A蛋白
A ,SPA
Coagglutination 协同凝集试验Coaggulase 凝固酶
Enterotoxin 肠毒素
Exfoliative toxin , exfoliatin 表皮剥脱毒素Staphylococcal scalded skin
葡萄球菌皮肤烫伤样综合症syndrome ,SSSS
Toxic shock syndrome
毒性休克综合症毒素－1 toxin-1
Coaggulase –negative
凝固酶阴性葡萄球菌staphylococcus ,CNS
Streptococcus 链球菌
甲型溶血性链球菌
α－hemolytic
streptococcus
β－hemolytic
乙型溶血性链球菌streptococcus
丙型溶血性链球菌
γ－hemolytic
streptococcus
streptokinase , SK 链激酶
streptodornase , SD 链道酶
hyaluronidase 透明质酸酶
streptolysin 链球菌溶血素streptolysin O , SLO 链球菌溶血素O streptolysin S , SLS 链球菌溶血素S pyrogenic exotoxin 致热外毒素
erythrogenic toxin 红疹毒素
scarlet fever toxin 猩红热毒素Antistreptolysin O test ,
抗链球菌溶血素O试验ASO test
pneumococcus 肺炎球菌
S . Pneumococcus 肺炎链球菌
Optochin test 奥普托辛试验
Quellung reaction 荚膜肿胀试验
Neisseria 奈瑟菌属
N.meningitidis 脑膜炎奈氏菌Meningococcus 脑膜炎球菌
N.gonorrhoeae 淋病奈氏菌
Gonococcus 淋球菌
第十章
Esherichia 埃希菌属
E . coli 大肠杆菌
Colonization factor
定居因子抗原
antigen , CFA
Invasin 侵袭素
Uropathogenic E . coli 尿道致病性大肠杆菌Enterotoxigenic E .coli ,
肠产毒性大肠埃希菌ETEC
Enteroinvasive E . coli , EIEC 肠侵袭性大肠埃希菌Enteropathogenic E . coli ,
肠致病性大肠埃希菌EPEC
Enterohemorrhagic E . coli ,
肠出血性大肠埃希菌EHEC
Enteroaggregative E . coli ,
肠集聚性大肠埃希菌EAEC
Heat labile enterotoxin , LT 不耐热肠毒素
Heat stable enterotoxin , ST 耐热肠毒素
Enteric bacilli 肠道杆菌Enterobacteriaceae 肠杆菌科
Shigella 志贺菌Salmonella 沙门菌属
S . typhi 伤寒杆菌
S . Virulence antigen , Vi
Vi 抗原
antigen
Widal test 肥达试验
第十一章
Vibrio 弧菌
V. cholera 霍乱弧菌
Cholera enterotoxin 霍乱肠毒素
V. parahemolyticus 副溶血性弧菌Kanagawa test 神奈川试验Helicobacter pylori, HP 幽门螺杆菌
第十三章
Anaerobic bacteria 厌氧性细菌Clostridium 厌氧芽孢梭菌属C. tetani 破伤风梭菌Tetanospasmin 破伤风痉挛毒素Tetani antitoxin , TAT 破伤风抗毒素
C. perfringens 产气荚膜梭菌Nagler reaction 卵磷脂酶试验Stormy fermentation 汹涌发酵
Gas gangrene 气性坏疽
C. botulinum 肉毒梭菌
C. difficile 艰难梭菌
B. fragilis 脆弱类杆菌
其它细菌
Spirochete 螺旋体Treponema pallidum 梅毒螺旋体Leptospira 钩端螺旋体Mycoplasma 支原体
Chlamydia 衣原体Rickettsia 立克次体Weil-Felix reaction 外斐反应。