Diction

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diction

diction

Diction (选词法)What is diction?In order to make an accurate and smooth translation, a translator should consider how to find a word or words by which the original idea may be most aptly expressed. Diction, the choice of words and phrases to express meaning, is therefore one of the basic techniques. Diction must be based on the accurate comprehension of the original. The meaning of a word is its use in the language, not only its definitions in the dictionary. A dictionary does not require or forbid a particular sense of a word but records the uses that have beeen found for it. Now and then a word is in the process of acquiring a new sense or somewhat altering its usual one. The dictionary definiton is for the most part a record of the denotation of a word and often cannot give its connotation. Lexicograghers or dictionary compilers agree that in many cases two corresponding words of different language do not always convey exactly the same idea. Words do not have meanings; people have meanings for words. Each word when used in a new context is a new word. Beginners often rigidly adhere to the verbal consistency of words in two languages, while neglecting their contextural consistency. Care should therefore be taken in translating to determine from the context the exact shade of meaning of a word or an expression in the source text and the choice of an appropriate one to express the meaning in the target version.Choice of affective meanings(选择情感意义)Choice of grammatical meaning (选择语法意义)Choice of contextual meaning (选择语境意义)Choice of collocative meaning (选择搭配意义)Choice of stylistic meaning (选择文体意义)Choice of extended meaning (选择引申意义)1.Choice of affective meanings(选择情感意义)Affective meaning refers to what is communicated of the feelings and attitudes of the writer towards the reader. There are basically there types of affective meanings: positive(褒义), neutral (中性), and derogatory(贬义).1. Aggressive nations threathen world peace.侵略成性的国家威胁世界和平。

英语措辞Diction

英语措辞Diction

英语措辞Diction《英语措辞 Diction》在学习英语的过程中,我们常常会听到“diction”这个词,它指的是措辞,也就是在表达时选择和运用词汇、短语以及句子结构的方式。

英语措辞的恰当与否,直接影响着我们交流的效果和质量。

一个好的英语措辞能够让我们的表达清晰、准确、自然,并且能够更好地传达我们的意图和情感。

反之,如果措辞不当,可能会导致误解、混淆,甚至让我们的表达显得生硬、不流畅。

首先,词汇的选择是英语措辞中的关键环节。

我们需要根据具体的语境和交流对象,选择合适的词汇。

比如说,在正式的商务场合,我们应该使用比较正式、专业的词汇,而在与朋友日常交流时,则可以使用更加随意、口语化的词汇。

举个例子,如果我们要表达“高兴”这个意思,在正式的书面语中,可能会使用“delighted”“pleased”这样的词汇;而在口语中,“happy”“glad”就更加常见。

再比如,“购买”这个动作,在正式场合可以用“purchase”,而在日常交流中,“buy”就足够了。

除了词汇的选择,短语的运用也能为我们的英语措辞增色不少。

一些固定搭配的短语不仅能够让我们的表达更加地道,还能更准确地传达特定的含义。

例如,“in the long run”(从长远来看)、“by and large”(大体上)、“on the contrary”(相反)等等。

这些短语的恰当使用能够让我们的语言更加丰富和生动。

句子结构在英语措辞中同样重要。

不同的句子结构可以产生不同的表达效果。

简单句简洁明了,能够直接传达核心信息;复合句和复杂句则可以展示更复杂的逻辑关系和丰富的内容。

比如,“I love reading”这是一个简单句,直接表达了“我喜欢阅读”的意思。

而“He said that he would come if he had time”则是一个复合句,通过宾语从句的使用,更详细地说明了他来的条件。

在英语措辞中,还需要注意避免一些常见的错误。

dict的词根词缀

dict的词根词缀

"dict" 是一个词根,通常表示"说" 或"讲" 的意思。

它源自拉丁语"dictum",意思是"说" 或"言论"。

在英语中,我们可以找到一些单词和词缀,使用了这个词根"dict",表示不同的意思和概念。

以下是一些与"dict" 有关的常见词汇和词缀:Dictionary(词典):这个词是由"dict" 和"ionary"(表示"相关的")组成的,表示一个包含词汇和其定义的书。

Dictate(口述):这个词由"dict" 和"ate"(表示动作或过程)组成,表示口头陈述或指导。

Dictator(独裁者):这个词由"dict" 和"ator"(表示人或事物)组成,表示一个具有独裁权力的领导者。

Verdict(裁决):这个词由"ver"(表示"真相")和"dict" 组成,表示法院的判决或决定。

Predict(预测):这个词由"pre"(表示"前")和"dict" 组成,表示在事件发生前预先说出或预测。

Indict(起诉):这个词由"in"(表示"不")和"dict" 组成,表示正式起诉某人或某事。

Diction(措辞):这个词由"dict" 和"ion"(表示"状态或性质")组成,表示措辞或用词的方式。

Interdict(禁止):这个词由"inter"(表示"之间")和"dict" 组成,表示禁止或阻止某事。

d开头的词根

d开头的词根

D开头的词根dict,dic=say 表示“说话”dictate v 口授;命令;听写(dict+ate说话→口授,命令)dictator n 发命令者;独裁者(dictate+or→发命令者)diction n 措词;词语的选择(dict+ion→说话状态→措词)dictionary n 字典(diction+ary→措词的书→字典)dictum n 格言;断言(dict+um→说[出]的话→格言)benediction n 祝福(bene好+dict说+ion →说好话)malediction n 恶言;诅咒(male坏+dict+ion→说坏话)contradict n 反驳;否认(contra反+dict→反说→反驳)contradictory a 矛盾的,对立的(contradict反驳+ory)edict n 法令;布告(e 出+dict说→说出→布告、法令)jurisdiction n 司法权(juris 司法+dict+ion→说法律的→司法权)predict v 预言;预告(pre预先+dict)prdeiction n 预言;预告(predict+ion)indict v 起诉,控诉(in进去+dict→进去说→起诉)indictment n 起诉,控诉(indict+ment)abdicate v 放弃;退位(ab离开+dic 说,命令+ ate→不再命令→退位)dedicate v 献身于,致力于(de加强+dic说+ate→再说→努力献身)indicate v 指示;表示(in进入+dicate→说进去→指示,指明)vindicate v 辩护;拥护(vin力量+dic说+ate→用力量说→拥护)vindictive a 有报复心的(vin力量+dict说+ive)addict v 耽溺,上瘾(ad一再+dict说→说了还说→耽溺)addicttion n 耽溺,嗜好(addict+ion)interdict v 禁止n. 禁令(inter在中间+ dict→在中间说,不让做→禁止)valediction n 告别赠言(vale再见+dict +ion →说再见)verdict n 裁判,判决(ver真实+dict→说真实话→裁决)predicate v 断定,认定(pre+dic+ate→预先说→断定)prdedication n 认定,断定(predicate+ion)predicament n 困境,险境(pre预先+dica命令+ment→预先命令做→进入危境)indite v 撰写,写作(in进入dite[=dict]→说进去→写进,写作)dent=tooth表示“牙齿”dentist n 牙科医生(dent+ist人)denture n 假牙(dent+ure)indented a 锯齿状的(in进入+dent+ed→进入牙齿状→锯齿状的)dent n 凹痕(像牙咬出的印痕)indenture n 契约,合同(in+dent+ure→古代契约锯成锯齿状,一分为二,一人一半)edentate a 无齿的n. 贫齿兽(e出;无+dent+ate→无齿→贫齿兽)derm,dermat =skin表示“皮肤”dermal a 皮肤的(derm+al)dermatitis n 皮炎(dermat+it is炎症)dematologist n 皮肤病学家(dermat+ologist学者)hypoderm n 皮下组织(hypo在…下面+derm)epidermis n 表皮,外皮(epi在外面周围+dermis 外皮)dign=worthy,noble表示“值得,高贵”condign a (惩罚)值得的,应得的(con大家+dign值得→大家都觉得该惩罚)dignity n 威严,庄严(dign+ity)dignify v 使…高贵(dign+ify…化)dignitary n 高贵之人(dign+itary表示总称人→高贵之人)indignity n 轻视;侮辱(in 不+dign+ity →不高贵)indignant a 愤慨的,愤怒的(in 不+dign+ant→不高贵的→愤怒是不高贵的)indignation n 愤怒的(由indignant变化而来)doc,doct=to teach表示“教”doctor n 博士,医生(doct教+or→教的人→有学问的人→博士)doctoral a 博士的;权威的(doctor+al)doctrine n 教义,教条(doctr+ine→教的东西→教条)doctrinaire n 空谈家a.教条的(doctrine+aire人→教条之人)docile a 可教的;温顺的(doc+ile能…的→能教的)indioclie a 难驯服的(in不+docile→不可教的)document n 文件;证书(docu[=doc教]+ment→用来教的东西→文件)don,dit=give表示“给予”donate v 捐赠(don+ate→给出去)donor n 捐献者(don+or→给的人)condone v 原谅,宽恕(con共词+done→共同给出不加追究→原谅)pardon v 原谅,宽恕(par平等+don→给予平等→原谅)antidote n 解毒药(anti反+dote[=don]→给出反[毒]→解毒药;anecdote n 短故事;轶事(anec未出版+dote_说出来的未出版的故事)condition n 条件(con共同+dit+ion→共同给出的[条件])tradition n 传统;传说(tra横+dit+ion→横着给,代代相传→传统)edit v 编辑(e 出+dit→给出好文章→编辑)editorial a 编辑的n.社论(editor 编辑+ial)rendition n 给予;移交(rend 给+dit给+ion_给出_→给予参考;render给予)extradite v 引渡(逃犯等)( extra向外+dite向外给→引渡)extradition n 引渡(extradite+ion)du,dub,doub=two表示“二,双”dual a 二重的,二元的(du+al)duality n 二重的性(dual+ity)duel n 决斗(du+el[=bell斗]→二个人斗→决斗)dubious a 半信半疑的(dub+ious_二种状态→不肯定,怀疑的)indubitable a 无可置疑的(in不+dubitable可怀疑的)doubt n 怀疑(doubt二→二种状态→怀疑)doubtful a 可疑的,怀疑的(doubt+ful)duplicate v 加倍;复制(du+pic 重复+atc→重复第二份→复制)duplicity n 二心;口是心非(du+plic重复+ity→二种重复状态→二心)duplex a 二重的;二倍的(du+plex重叠→二重的)double a 翻倍duc,duct=lead,bring表示“引导,带来”duct n 管,导管ductile a 可塑的,可拉长的(duct引导+ile能 --的→能引导的→可塑的)aqueduct n 导水管(aque水+duct)educate n 教育;养育(e出+duc+ate→引出知识→教育)education n 教育(educate+ion)educe v 引出,引起(e 出+ducc→引出)eduction n 引出;推断(e+duct+ion)abduct v 诱拐(ab 离开+duct→引开→诱拐)deduce v 推论,演绎(de向下+duce引→向下引→推论)deduction n 推论;减法(de+duct+ion)induce v 劝诱,诱导(in进入+duce_ 引进去→诱导)inducement n 引诱;劝诱(induce+ment)induct v 引导;传授(in进入+duct→引进→引导)introduce v 介绍,引入(intro进入+duce→引进,介绍)produce v 生产N.农产品(pro向前+duce→引向前→生产)product n 产物,产品(pro+duct→引出的东西→产品)productive a 生产的;多产的(product+ive)productivity n 生产力,生产活动(product+ivity)reduce v 降低,减少(re回+duce→往回引→减少)conduct n 行为;指挥(con共同+duct_→引导大家一起做→指挥)conductor n 指挥家;乘务员(conduct+or)seduce v 勾引;诱奸(se 离开+duce→引开→勾引)seduction n 引诱;诱惑力(se+duct+ion)traduce v 诽谤,中伤(tra 横++duce_向横引→不正→诽谤)viaduct n 高架桥(via路+duct_引导路的路→高架桥)ventiduct n 通风道(venti通风+duct;参考:ventillate通风)dur=last,hard表示“持久,坚硬”durable a 持久的(dur+able)duration n 持续时间(dur+ation)endure v 持久,耐久(en进入+dure_进入持久→耐久)endurance n 忍耐力(endure+ance)indurate v 使坚硬,使坚固(in进入+dur+ate→成为坚硬)indurated a 变硬的(indurate+ed)obdurate a 顽固的,执拗的(ob坚持+dur+ate _坚持硬→顽固)perdure v 持久;永存(pre-一直+drue 持久)duress n 强迫;束缚(dur+ess表名词或动词→硬压→强迫)dour a 性情冷酷的(dour=dur心硬不为所动)dyn,dynam=power表示“力量”dynast n 君主(dyn+ast人→力量之人→君主)dynasty n 王朝(dynast+y)dynamics n 动力学(dynam+ics 学科→力量学→动力学)dynamo n 精力充沛之人;发电机(dynam+o表名词)dynamite n 炸药(dynam+ite表名词→力量之物→炸药)adynamic a 无力的(a无+dynam力量的+ic)demn=harm“伤害”condemn v 谴责,指责(com共同+demn→共同伤害→谴责)condemnation n 谴责indemnity n 赔偿(物)(in不+demn+ity→使不受损害→赔偿)indemnify v 赔偿(in+demn+ify)dens=make thick“变浓厚”dense a 浓密的density n 比重;浓缩(dens+ity)condense v 浓缩(con全部+dene浓缩→全部浓缩)densimeter n 密度计(dens+I+meter测量计)di=day“日,日子”diary n 日记dial n 刻度盘meridian n 日中,正午(meri中间+di+an→在日子中间→正午)antemeridian a 午前的(ante前面+meridian→正午→在正午前面→午前)postmeridian a 午后的(post后面+meridian正午→午后的)dom=house“屋,家”dome n 圆屋顶;大厦domestic a 家里的;国内的(dom+estic表形容词→家里的)domesticate v 驯养(domestic家里的+ate→使成为家里的→驯养动物)dominate v 支配,统治(domin[=dom]+ate→像家长一样→统治)indomitadle a 不可征服的(in不+domitadle可征服的)predominant a 主要的,支配地位的(pre在前面+dominant支配的)dorm=sleep“睡眠”dormitory n 寝室,宿舍(dorm+itory表示场所)dormitive n 安眠的(dorm+itve)dormancy n 休眠;蛰伏(dorm+ancy)draw=pull“拉”drawdack n 障碍,缺点(draw+duck→[把人]拉回来→缺点)drawl v 拉长语调说话withdraw v 撤回,缩回(with向后+draw→向后拉→撤回)domin = rule; controldominate 主宰indomitable 不屈不挠的dominative 支配的dem(o)=people,表示“人民,人们”democtracy n 民主;民主政体(bemo+cracy统治)demos n 民众(demo+s表复数)demagogy n 煽动,蛊惑人心(dem+agogy教导;鼓动demography n 人口统计学(demo+graphy学科→人口学)endemic a 本地的;地方性的(en在…..内+dem+ic→在人民内→地方性的)epidemic a 流行的;传染性的(epi在…周围+dem+ic→在人们周围→流行的)pandemic a 广泛流行的(pan到处+dem+ic→到处流行的)。

choice of _diction翻译中的选词

choice of _diction翻译中的选词

选词的简洁
准确是简洁的前提, 简洁也是准确的保障。英国散文创作 方面的权威都认同“言贵简洁”, 并奉之为圭臬。在 Williams trunk, Jr. 和E. B. White 的The elements of style 一 书中提到: Vigorous writings concise. A sentence should contain no unnecessary words, a paragraph no unnecessary sentences, for the same reason that drawings have no unnecessary lines and a machine no unnecessary parts. 也就 是说任何单词只要不能给句子的内容增添任何新的意义, 就应该被删掉。
cousin堂兄、堂弟、堂姐、堂妹、表哥、表弟、表姐、 堂兄、堂弟、堂姐、堂妹、表哥、表弟、表姐、 堂兄 表妹、 表妹、卿…… president总统、总裁、主席、董事长、议长、会长、 总统、总裁、主席、董事长、议长、会长、 总统 社长、校长…… 社长、校长 carry搬、运、送、提洪、挑,担、抬、背,扛、搂、 搬 提洪、 抱、端、举、夹、捧…… walk, saunter, amble, stride, trudge, shamble, prance, tiptoe ...走 走 machine, engine, plane, aircraft...机 机 sheep, goat, ram, ewe, lamb...羊 羊
Those who do not remember the past are condemned to relive it. 凡是忘掉过去的人注定要重蹈覆辙。 Relive 需要用贬义来表达。

Unit3-翻译的用词DictionPPT课件

Unit3-翻译的用词DictionPPT课件

5. 他这个人有意思。
6. 她的话真没意思。
7. 这是我们的一点小意思。
8. 这个女生对她的英语老师有了意思。
9. 他的讲话虽然简短但是非常有意思。
10. 我没2021/4有/8 要改变主意的意思。
15
1. What do you mean ? 2. In my opinion , it’s better not to go. 3. It looks like rain. 4. Dancing is a lot of fun 5. He is rather humorous. 6. This is our little gift as a token of our appreciation. 7. I have not idea of changing my mind. 8. The girl student behaved amorously towards her
cut
说; 讲; 谈; 诉
无对等:
部分对等:
Teenager; clock-watcher; Marry; gun; sister;
overkill; plumber
morning
阴; 2021/4/8 阳; 目不识丁
5
Have try
1. Sweet potato.
甜土豆 (白薯、山芋)
2. He is a small potato. 他是个小人物/萝卜头
第一部分——词汇翻译: Translation techniques
Diction-选词用字 Amplification-增益 Omission-省略 Conversion-转换 Restructuring-词序调整 Negation-正说反译,反说正译

第2章 常用翻译技巧


译文: 我们认识到,自由贸易并非一种损人利 己的“零和值”游戏。 (语义性增译)

例5.(?)信笔写来,(?)竟然差不多都是写我 自己的回忆,这(?)就说明了这本散文集的魅 力。 While writing at will, I find all I’ve done is just something of my own recollection, which shows how charming this collection of essays is! (结构增译)

例7.有市场、有效益的速度,才是真正的发 展,才是硬道理。 Sound economic growth must be based on strong market demand and good economic returns. This is a fundamental principle.


中国人的生活中充满了一系 列“名牌”、“上品”之 类的东西:筵席上的茅台属 中国八大名酒之一,杭州西 湖属中国九大名胜之一,就 连一些公司也要自称是全国 500强企业之一。 (语义性增译)


例3.Venice invites idleness and strolling. Its silence is restful and its sundials are inscribed with the words: Horas non mumero nisi serenas (I count only the happy hours). “邀请悠闲和散步, 安宁是静止的”?


例8.“一要吃饭,二要建设”是指导我国经 济工作的基本原则。 A basic principle guiding our economic work is “subsistence first and development second”.

Diction

Diction(措词):Diction, the choice of words and phrases to express meaning, must be based on the accurate comprehension of the original. The meaning of a word is its use in the language, not only its definitions in the dictionary. A dictionary does not require or forbid a particular sense of a word but records the uses that have been found for it. Now and then a word is in the process of acquiring a new sense or somewhat altering its usual one. The dictionary definition is for the most part a record of the denotation of a word and often cannot give its connotation (Perrin 1965: 366).Lexicographers or dictionary compilers agree that in many cases two corresponding words of different languages do not always convey exactly the same idea. Words do not have meanings; people have meanings for words (词本无义,义随人生). Each word when used in a new context is a new word.Beginners often rigidly adhere to the verbal consistency (字面上的对应) of words in two languages, while neglecting their contextual consistency (上下文中的一致). Care should therefore be taken in translating to determine from the context the exact shade of meaning of a word or an expression in the source text and the choice of an appropriate one to express the meaning in the target version.A word in different collocations or context.Example:Like charges repel; unlike charges attract.相同的电荷相斥,不同的电荷相吸。

基本的翻译技巧一般包括

基本的翻译技巧一般包括1).Diction(选词用字); 2).Amplification(增益); 3).Omission(省略);4).Repetiton(重复); 5).Conversion(转换); 6).Restructuring(词序调整); 7).Negation(正说反译,反说正译); 8).Division(长句拆译).遣词用字是任何翻译工作者自始至终需面临的一个现实问题。

由于英汉分属不同的语系,所以在翻译时源语与译语之间往往没用相对固定的词义对应关系。

本期用对比的方式归纳了英汉词字层次上的五种对应情况:1.完全对等,2.多词同义,3.一词多义,4.词义交织,5.无对等词语。

词义辨析是遣词用字的前提。

本期从四个角度探讨了如何判断某一英语词语的准确含义,即1.根据构词法辨别词义;2.根据指代关系辨别词义;3.根据上下文或词的搭配辨别词义;4.根据不同学科或专业类型辨别词义。

在词义辨析的基础上,本期归纳了英语词语翻译的8种常用技巧:1.推演法,2.移植法,3.引伸法,4.替代法,5.释义法,6.合并法,7. 图形法和8.音译法。

1. Correspondence Between English and Chinese at Word Level----英汉词字层次上的五种对应情况In most cases there is no existing pattern for sentence translation, nor are there fixed rules for word transfor mation. Generally speaking, the correspondence between English and Chinese at word level may be categori zed as follows:1) Word-for-word CorrespondenceThis is most evidently shown in proper nouns and technical terms.For example: Marxism = 马克思主义Aspirin =阿斯匹林2) One Word with Multiple Equivalents of the Same MeaningThis is a common case in translation.For example:犬:dog, hound, spaniel, mastiff, pointer, setter, retriever, terrier……3) One Word with Several Equivalents of Different MeaningThis is also very common in translation. For example:carry: 搬、运、送、提、拎、挑、担、抬、背、扛、搂、抱、端、举、夹、捧…..走:walk, saunter, amble, stride, trudge, trapes, shamble, prance, scamper, clump, tiptoe ….羊: sheep, goat, ram, ewe, lamb……4) Equivalents Interwoven with One Another5) Words Without EquivalentsIn this case, an explanation is given instead of an equivalent.For example:clock-watcher: 老是看钟等下班的人阴: (in Chinese thought) the soft inactive female principle or force in the world阳: (in Chinese thought) the strong active male principle or force in the world(目不识)丁: (not know one's) ABC2. Methods to Discriminate the Original Meaning of an English Word-----词义辨析Since English words are prone to various meanings, it is of vital importance for a translator to discern the rig ht meaning of a given word. And the following are the major methods of discriminating word meaning sugge sted by some linguists.1) Judging from the Word FormationIn order to discriminate the original meaning of an English word, it is necessary for us to have a knowledge of English lexicology, and specifically, a knowledge of word formation, such as compounding, derivation, af fixation, blending, acronym, clipping, etc. A good command of them will help to shed light on the correct me aning of some difficult words.For example, the word ""parabiospheric"", which consists of para-(outside) +bio-(biologic) +spheric (havingthe form of a sphere). After a brief analysis, we may safely put it into ""外生物层的"". Another more complicated instance, pneumonoultramicroscopicsilicovolcanoconiosis. This extremely lon g word seems appallingly complicated. However, an anatomic study of its composition enables us to get a cl ear understanding of its meaning: pneumono- (of lung) +ultra- (beyond) + micro (very small) + scopic- (of vi ewing or observing) + silico- (of silicon)+ volcano + coni- ( koni, of dust) + osis (forming the name of a dise ase). Even if we are not sure of the equivalent of this medical term, we may roughly get the right meaning of the long word: a kind of lung disease caused by extremely small silicon particles. And a look into some dicti onary leads us to the definite answer: 硅酸盐沉着病,肺尘病(一种矿工易染的病)。

diction的名词解释

diction的名词解释1. 引言语言是人类交流和表达思想的重要工具,而在语言中,词汇选择的准确性和效果对于有效沟通至关重要。

这就引入了一个重要的概念,即diction(用词)。

2. 概述Diction,通常被定义为个体或作家在表达意思时选择和使用特定词汇的方式。

它关注的是词汇的准确性、合适性和效果。

通过使用恰当的词汇,一个人或作家可以更好地传达其意图,以及让读者或听众更准确地理解和体会他们所表达的信息。

3. 类型和特点在讨论diction时,有几个关键的因素值得考虑。

首先是词汇的准确性。

当一个人选择准确的词汇时,他们能更准确地传达他们的意思。

例如,如果一个医生在向患者解释诊断时使用了专业术语,患者可能无法完全理解。

与此相反,如果医生使用普通人能理解的词汇,患者将更容易理解和接受信息。

另一个重要的因素是词汇的合适性。

使用合适的词汇意味着使用符合环境和受众的词汇。

例如,在正式场合中,使用流行俚语可能不太合适,因为它可能会给人不专业或不成熟的印象。

因此,在选择词汇时,要根据特定情境和受众作出明智的选择。

此外,词汇的效果也是diction中一个关键的方面。

特定的词汇可以产生不同的情感和氛围。

一个作家可以通过选择不同的词汇来创造不同的情感,如喜悦、忧伤或紧张。

同样,演讲者也可以通过选择特定的词汇来激发听众的情感共鸣。

4. 好的diction的重要性一个好的diction是有效沟通的基础。

通过选择准确、合适和有力的词汇,一个人可以确保自己的意思能够准确地被传达和理解。

好的diction还有助于建立信任和引起共鸣。

当读者或听众感到词汇选择符合他们的需求和理解时,他们更有可能被激发兴趣并与作者建立联系。

5. diction的应用领域不同的领域和专业都有自己特定的diction。

例如,在文学和诗歌中,diction非常重要,因为它可以创造出独特的文学风格和情感。

在演讲中,演讲者的词汇选择可以影响他们的口才和演讲的说服力。

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1.
word- for- word
马克思主义 Aspirin 阿司匹林 Leukemia 白血病
Marxism
2.

one word with multiple equivalents of the same meanings
Wife:妻子,爱人,夫人,老婆,老伴, 媳妇,堂 客,内人... 人:human being, man, people, person...
to lay down one’s knife and fork不吃饭
Examples:
1.
Tom is a new teacher , he is still green at the job. Tom 是个新老师,对教学没什么经验。 2. He is as brave as a lion. 他勇猛如虎。 3. A gentleman is rather than does. 绅士是天生的,不是做出来的。 4. The car in front of me stalled and I missed the green. 我前头的那辆车停住了,我错过了绿灯。

Choice of affective meanings(情感意义) Choice of grammatical meanings(语法意义) Choice of contextual meanings(语境意义) Choice of collocative meanings(搭配意义) Choice of stylistic meanings(文体意义) Choice of ambiguous meanings(模糊意义) Choice of extended meanings(引申意义) Choice of equaivalent menings(对应意义) Choice of exact meanings (准确意义) 同词异译,异词同译
Chapter 3
Diction
Diction :
By
“ diction ” we mean the proper choice of words and phrases to express meaning based on the accurate comprehension of the original
3.one
word with several equivalents of different meanings
cousin:堂兄,堂弟,堂姐,堂妹,
表哥,表弟,表姐,表妹,卿… President:总统,总裁,主席,董事 长,议长,社长,会长,校长 羊:sheep,goat,ram,ewe,lamb
Why we should learn the diction?

Now and then a word is in the process of acquiring a new sense or somewhat altering its usual one .Each word when used in a new context is a new word .beginners often rigidly adhere to the verbal consistency (字面上的对应)of words in two languages ,while neglecting their contextual consistency(上下文中的一致). Care should therefore be taken in translating to determine from the context the exact shade of meaning of word or an expression in the source text and the choice of an approriate one to express the meaning in the target version.
Examples:
1.
Those who do not remember the past are condemned to relive it. 凡是忘掉过去的人注定要重蹈覆辙。(relive 要重温的意思) 2. Aggressive nations threaten world peace. 侵略成性的国家威胁世界和平 A salesman must be aggressive if he want to succeed. 推销员如要成功,必须要有闯劲。
词不离句,句不离文; 文中求句,句中求词。
Correspondence between English and Chinese at word level
1.
word- for- word 2. one word with multiple equivalents of the same meanings 3. one word with several equivalents of different meanings 4. one word without equivalents
பைடு நூலகம்
In translation practice,diction is rather a matter of accurate comprehension of the original and a good command of Chinese vocabulary than a mere technique of translation. We should remember that:
4.one
word without equivalents
Teenager:13至17岁的青少年 Clock-watcher:老是看钟等下班的人 文房四宝:the
four treasures of the study(writing brush,ink-stick,ink-stone and paper) 乌纱帽:an official post 糖葫芦:Tanghulu,a sugar-coated fruit on the stick which is a children’s favorite food in winter
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