英译汉教程chapter 3-Diction
第3章 翻译中词义的选择

1)确切: 这个人私贩鸦片。 (secretly sell?) This man is a trafficker of opium. 他想这样会使工程及时全面展开,从而 减少中途停工的可能。 He thought this would lessen the chance of the project’s being stopped before it really got under way.
汉语中没有相似的比喻,需要引申: Last night, I heard him driving his pigs to market. (鼾声如雷) She is as busy as a bee recently. (特别忙) Old Mr. Jones kicked the bucket last week. (呜呼哀哉) Don’t cross the bridge before you get to it. (不必担心太早)
笑: smile, giggle( 傻 笑 ) , laugh, ridicule, deride, guffaw (laugh very loudly) 走: walk, saunter, stride, trudge, amble (4)words without equivalents 阴: the soft inactive female principle or force in the world
Unit 3 翻译中词义的选择
Diction in Translation
教学目的要求:学生了解汉英翻译实践中恰
当选词的重要性,并通过适当的技巧在实践
中做到这点,使译文准确、通顺、流利等。
教学重点:中国文化对汉英翻译的影响及处
《英译汉教程》参考译文

第二部分练习参考译文Chapter 1 General PrinciplesDrills 1.3.1(1) 1. 这对克服困难很有帮助。
(go a long way towards something/doing something = helpgreatly in [achieving] something, OALD 2002: 525;《新英汉词典》2000: 1577)2. 趁你还年轻的时候,加油吧!/青春不再,趁早努力。
(go it = act in a manner that is quicker,more lively, impatient, etc., than is usual. Longman Dictionary of English Idioms1979: 130;《英汉大词典》1993: 740)3. 我需要更多空闲的时间。
(could do with something = need or want something, LDCE1998: 435)4. 这次失败促使他成功。
([the making of] = a means of gaining great improvement orsuccess, LDCE 1998: 918)5. 我盼望在最后一刻可以挽救和平。
(the eleventh hour = the very last moment, LDCE 1998:478)6.她对此事很了解。
(know a thing or two [about somebody/something] = know a lot [aboutsomebody/something], OALD 2002: 825)7. 她真是爱说话。
/她太喜欢说话了。
(ready = willing to do, LDCE 1998: 1249, 参见“学生用书”243页)8.无线电传来了该地区发现大油田的消息。
英译汉教程连淑能配套练习题库

英译汉教程连淑能配套练习题库|才聪学习网连淑能《英译汉教程》配套题库(含考研真题)目录Chapter 1 Lexical Translation(词法翻译)1.1 Diction(选词法)1.2 Conversion(转换法)1.3 Addition(增补法)1.4 Omission(省略法)1.5 Repetition(重复法)Chapter 2 Syntactical Translation(句法翻译)2.1 Inversion(倒置法)2.2 Negation(反译法)2.3 Division(拆译法)2.4 Condensation(缩译法)2.5 Translation of the Passive(被动句的译法)2.6 Translation of Long Sentences(长句译法)Chapter 3 Translation of cultural factors(文化因素的翻译)3.1 Translation of Culture-loaded Expressions(文化词语译法)3.2 Translation of Proper Nouns and Technical Terms(专有名词和专门术语译法)Chapter 4 Style and Translation(文体与翻译)4.1 Political Writing(政治文体)4.2 Journalistic Writings(新闻报刊文体)4.3 Popular Science Writing(科普文体)4.4 Practical Writing(应用文体)4.5 Literary Style(文学文体)•试看部分内容Chapter 1Lexi cal Transla tion(词法翻译)1.1 Diction(选词法)Ⅰ. Choice of Affective Meanings1. In ou r Se con d Addre ss on the war, fi ve days af te rt h e a d v e n t o f th o s e m e n,w e to l d y o u w h a t th e y w e r e.【译文】在这伙人上台五天以后,我们在关于前次战争的第二篇宣言中已经向你们说明他们究竟是些什么货色了。
Diction (遣词用字)

I. Diction (遣词用字)本章概述本章阐述了翻译中的遣词用字问题。
在分析了英汉词字层次上的五种对应关系的基础上,概述了语言学家们提出的英语词义辨析的四种基本方法和英语词语翻译的常用技巧.并对汉译英的遣词用字问题做了探讨。
遣词用字是任何翻译工作者自始至终需面临的一个现实问题。
由于英汉分属不同的语系,所以在翻译时源语与译语之间往往没用相对固定的词义对应关系。
本章用对比的方式归纳了英汉词字层次上的五种对应情况:1.完全对等,2.多词同义,3.一词多义,4.词义交织,5.无对等词语。
词义辨析是遣词用字的前提。
本章从四个角度探讨了如何判断某一英语词语的准确含义,即l.根据构词法辨别词义;2.根据指代关系辨别词义;3.根据上下文或词的搭配辨别词义;4.根据不同学科或专业类型辨别词义。
在词义辨析的基础上,本章归纳了英语词语翻译的八种常用技巧:1.推演法;2.移植法;3.引伸法;4.替代法;5.释义法;6.合并法;7.图形法;8.音译法。
汉译英的遣词用字问题与英译汉的情况有所不同。
英译汉时译者输出的是自己所熟悉的汉语词汇、语法结构,很多表达法早已在头脑里形成了概念,只需译者一一甄别、作出取舍即可;而汉译英则需从一大堆我们不那么熟悉的词语中去寻找答案一一这也解释了为什么人们普遍认为,在同一档次的翻译上,汉译英的难度要大大超过英泽汉。
By“diction”we mean the proper choice of words and phrases in translation on the basis of accurate comprehension of the original.In the practice of translation,what perplexes us most frequently is how to find an equivalent in the language to be translated into.Great care is called for in the translation of“familiar”English words into Chinese,as their meanings vary with the Change in collocation or context.Take the following simple sentence for example:* Tension is building up.Without context,both “tension”and "build up" may have various explanations.Thus this English sentence may be translated into different Chinese expressions accordingly:·形势紧张起来。
【精品】Unit3Diction9.25翻译理论与实践

3.2 Choice of Contextual Meanings
•Question:
•What is the meaning of Meaning? What is the average number of the meanings for Power?
•意义:指称意义言内意义、语用意义。 •Please determine from the context the exact meaning of Power in each sentence (Drills 3.3, P. 72), and choose an appropriate equivalent one in Chinese.
• 2. Each word when used in a new context is a new word. —Firth
3.4 Choice of Affective Meanings
• Question: • What is the importance of affective meanings to translation? Can you give some examples? • Compare and translate the following:
Translate the following, paying attention to the collocation (Drills 3.4, P. 73). Good (adj.) good manners good humor 得体的举止 愉快的心情;好脾气
a good king
good living
• 实者实,虚者虚,虚非实,实非虚。 • 是即是,非即非…… • ……
Pre-class Questions
Unit3-翻译的用词DictionPPT课件

5. 他这个人有意思。
6. 她的话真没意思。
7. 这是我们的一点小意思。
8. 这个女生对她的英语老师有了意思。
9. 他的讲话虽然简短但是非常有意思。
10. 我没2021/4有/8 要改变主意的意思。
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1. What do you mean ? 2. In my opinion , it’s better not to go. 3. It looks like rain. 4. Dancing is a lot of fun 5. He is rather humorous. 6. This is our little gift as a token of our appreciation. 7. I have not idea of changing my mind. 8. The girl student behaved amorously towards her
cut
说; 讲; 谈; 诉
无对等:
部分对等:
Teenager; clock-watcher; Marry; gun; sister;
overkill; plumber
morning
阴; 2021/4/8 阳; 目不识丁
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Have try
1. Sweet potato.
甜土豆 (白薯、山芋)
2. He is a small potato. 他是个小人物/萝卜头
第一部分——词汇翻译: Translation techniques
Diction-选词用字 Amplification-增益 Omission-省略 Conversion-转换 Restructuring-词序调整 Negation-正说反译,反说正译
郭著章、李庆生《英汉互译实用教程》(第3版)课后习题及详解-第3、4章【圣才出品】

郭著章、李庆⽣《英汉互译实⽤教程》(第3版)课后习题及详解-第3、4章【圣才出品】第3章翻译常⽤的⼋种技巧⼀、翻译下列各段。
注意翻译术语的适当运⽤,尤其是有关翻译技巧的定义1. There are in the main eight techniques and principles in translation, either from English into Chinese or from Chinese into English. They are: diction, amplification, omission, conversion, inversion, negation, division and repetition.【答案】不管是英译汉还是汉译英,主要有⼋条翻译技巧(和原则),即选词⽤字法,增译法,减译法,词类转移法,词序调整法,正说反译法、反说正译法,分译法和重译法。
2. By “diction” we mean proper “choice of words” in translation on the bas is of accurate comprehension of the original.【答案】所谓“选词⽤字法”,就是在正确理解原⽂的基础上适当地选择词语。
3. Repetition is useful chiefly for clearness, which is of course the first quality to be acquired in a discourse. Secondly, words are repeated also for the sake of emphasis or force, which is another important quality in expression. Lastly, repetition will give life to the discourse and make it more attractive.【答案】重译法之所以有⽤,第⼀是它可使译⽂明确(明确是衡量语⾔质量的第⼀个标准);第⼆是为了强调,使语⾔有⼒(这是衡量语⾔质量的另⼀重要标准);第三是为了使译⽂⽣动形象,引⼈⼈胜。
英译汉教程3_翻译中措辞的选择

Choice of collocative meaning
Some words have the same basic meaning, but differ in collocation. (搭配) eg. mother tongue (acceptable) mother language (unacceptable) a man of sense (acceptable) a man of meaning (unacceptable)
Assignments
Comparison of translated sentences. (P77) Comparison of translated texts. (P85) Translate the sentences. (P84)
Choice of exact meaning
To weigh the meaning before choosing a suitable word for translation (斟酌、权衡词 义) Do not lap up a word or an expression without digesting it (勿囫囵吞枣) Do not extend the meaning beyond its limits (勿引申过度) Do not rigidly adhere to letter or form(勿拘 泥字面
燥乏味。
Translate the following sentences.
1. On display was merchandise attractive in quality and price. 2. They captured fifty enemy soldiers and many weapons. 3. In order to get a large amount of waterpower, we need a large pressure and a large current.
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1.We should never warm snakes in our bosoms. 姑息养奸 2.as for the apples, let’s go fifty-fifty with them. 对半分 3.you should separate the sheep from the goats. 分清好坏 4.it’s hard to get along with a man blowing hot and cold. 反复无常 5. he had many hot potatoes to handle every day. 棘手的问题
1. 根据词在句中的词类来选择和确定词义 选择某个词的词义,首先要判明这个词在原句中应属哪 一种词类,然后再进一步确定其词义。例如: Like charges repel, unlike charges attract. 同极相斥,异极相吸。
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第三章 词语的翻译——词义的选择
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2. 根据词语在文中的语法意义来选择词义
adv adj
• Take the cart back to the back yard and back it into the shed at the back of the v stable. prep
把马车拉回到后院,在把它倒到马厩后面的小屋去。
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第三章 词语的翻译——词义的引申
[<]
Case 2
The factory is famous for its arsenal of technical geniuses.
原译:这家工厂以拥有技术人才的军工厂而著称。
引申:这家工厂以拥有众多技术精英而著称。
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具体一点哦
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[1][2][3][4][5]
第三章 词语的翻译——词义的选择
[<]
develop a) develop the economy
b) develop the habit c) develop the film Bear a) bear arms b) bear the weight
发展经济 养成习惯 冲洗胶片
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第三章 词语的翻译——词义的选择
[<]
3. 根据上下文联系以及词在句子中的搭配关系来选择和确 定词义 last
1)
2)
3)
He is the last man to come. “Each word when 他是最后来的。(final) used in a new context is a new He is the last man to do it. word.” 他绝对不会干那件事。 ——J.R. Firth (Least likely or expected) He is the last person for such a job. 他最不配干这个工作。 (The least desirable or suitable)
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第三章 词语的翻译——词义的引申
[<]
Case 2
Whether you like it or not, globalization is here to stay. We are not going to reverse the trend.
译:不管你对它的态度如何,经济全球化已经呆 在这里,这个趋势不可逆转。?? 改译:不管你对它的态度如何,经济全球化已成 为我们生活的一部分,这个趋势不可逆转。
以来的痛苦了。
•
The flyers practiced taking off time after time from
this restricted space. 飞行 人员反复地在一块有限空地上练习起飞。
3)took the brake off, took 20 percent off. 松开刹车 优惠百分之二十
Transportation Family Class Committee Very timid Very strong Keep quiet
运输工具 家庭成员 全班学生 委员会成员 胆小如鼠 强壮如牛 噤若寒蝉
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Do devil things openly Be full of anxiety and worry A great and thorough – going change Very anxious to return home Have not cut off relations completely
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第三章 词语的翻译——词义的选择
[<]
Take off 1) To take off her boots or to put them on was an agony to her, but it had been an agony for years. 脱鞋或穿鞋对她是一种痛苦,但这已经是多年
携带武器 承受重量 忍受痛苦 生孩子
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c) bear the misery
d) bear a child
[1][2][3][4][5]
第三章 词语的翻译——词义的引申
[<]
词义的引申
词义的引申是指在一个词所具有的原始意义的 基础上,根据上下文和逻辑关系进一步加以引 申,选择适当确切的目标语词语来表达,避免 生搬硬套地逐句死译,使译文更加通顺流畅。 由于英语词义对上下文的依赖性强,可变性大, 因此词义引申对英译汉尤为重要。当然,词义 的引申不得超出原始意义所允许的范围。
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玩点深奥的:抽象一下
1. Every life has its roses and thorns. 每个人的一生中都会经历甘苦。
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2. In the modern world salt has many uses beyond the dining table. 在当代世界,盐除了食用还有许多其他用途。 3. Electricity power became the servant of man only after the motor was invented. 电动机发明之后,电力才开始造福人类。
第三章 词语的翻译
第三章:词语的翻译
• 1.词义的选择 • 2.词义的引申 • 3.词义的褒贬
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第三章 词语的翻译——词义的选择
[<]
词义的选择
英汉两种语言都有一词多类、一词多义的现象。一词 多类就是指一个词往往属于几个词类,具有几个不同的意义。 一词多义就是说同一个词在同一个词类中,又往往有几个不 同的词义。在英汉翻译过程中,我们在弄清原句结构后就要 善于选择和确定原句中关键词的词义。选择和确定词义通常 从以下几个方面着手:
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第三章 词语的翻译——词义的引申
[<]
Case 1
The interest rates have see-sawed between 10 and 15 percent. 译:利率一直在10%到15%之间不断波动。 析:see-saw 由 “跷跷板一上一下的交替摆动” 抽象化为“波动”。
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第三章 词语的翻译——词义的引申
[<]
Case 1
The factors which are likely to influence investment spending do not stop here. 译:可能影响投资开支的因素不停留在这里。?? 改译:可能影响投资开支的因素并不止这些。
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4. I had the muscle, and they made money out of it. 我有的是力气,他们就让我卖力替他们赚钱。 5. Arabs rub shoulders with Jews, and have been doing so from the earliest settlement of the territories. 自从这块土地有人居住以来,阿拉伯人就和犹太人 生活在一起。
过去式
动词原形
noun
noun
• I saw him saw with a saw in a sawmill. 我看见他在锯木厂用一把锯子在锯东西。
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Have you seen such kind of public slogan?
Wow~网友神翻译!
Flush your piss so you don't piss off the pisser who pisses after you piss.
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第三章 词语的翻译——词义的引申
[<]
Case 2
Brain drain has been Kangding’s No.1 concern; as a matter of fact, it has been an epidemic in this area. 译:人才外流一直是康定的头号问题,实际上, 它已经成为那一地区带普遍性的严峻问题。 析:brain 由“头脑”抽象化为“人才”, concern 由“关心的事情”抽象化为“问题”, epidemic 由“流行病”抽象化为“带普遍性的 严峻问题”。
There is more to their life than political and social and economic problem, more than transient everydayness. 虚译:他们的生活远不止那些政治的、社会的和 经济的问题,远不止一时的日常性。 实译:他们的生活远不止那些政治的、社会的和 经济的问题,远不止一时的柴米油盐问题。