2019外研版高中英语必修一Unit3 Family matters 语法 一般现在时

Unit3 Family matters 语法一般现在时一、一般现在时观察①I often read books in my spare time.在我的空闲时间我经常读书。

②Mary is good at music.玛丽擅长音乐。

③The earth moves around the sun.地球绕着太阳转。

④You'll make great progress if you work hard!如果你努力学习/工作，你会取得很大进步！⑤The train leaves at 7: 25 this evening.火车今晚7: 25离开。

⑥Harry Potter is set in the modern world.《哈利·波特》以现代世界为背景。

⑦Pride goes before a fall.骄者必败。

归纳1.构成：动词①________或动词的②________形式。

2.基本用法：（1）一般现在时表示现在经常发生的动作或存在的状态，常和often、always、usually、sometimes、every day、seldom，never等表示的时间状语连用，如句①。

（2）一般现在时用于描述主语的特征、性格、④________等，如句②。

（3）一般现在时用于陈述客观事实或⑤________，如句③。

（4）在主从复合句中，当描述将来的事情时，条件状语从句和时间状语从句用一般现在时代替⑥________，如句④。

（5）一般现在时表示按规定、计划或时间表将要发生的动作，通常限于表示“⑦________”的非延续性动词（词组），如go、come、leave、arrive、take off等，其后常跟有表示将来的时间状语，如句⑤。

（6）小说故事、电影、文学作品等的情节介绍、评论等一般使用般现在时，如句⑥。

（7）一般现在时常用于⑧________中，如句⑦。

二、现在进行时观察①All the classmates are reviewing the lesson in the classroom now.所有同学此刻正在教室里复习功课。

②These days we are helping the farmers work on the farm.这些天我们一直在农场帮农民们干活。

③She is always thinking of others instead of herself.她总是想着其他人而不是她自己。

④Mr.Smith is flying to Nanjing tonight.史密斯先生今晚乘飞机去南京。

归纳1.构成：⑨________。

2.基本用法：（1）现在进行时表示○10________或目前○11________内正在进行的动作，常与now、at present、at this moment、these days、this week/month等时间状语连用，如句①②。

（2）现在进行时常与always、continually、constantly、forever等词连用，表示经常、反复发生的动作，常含有○12________、厌烦、责备、愤怒、抱怨等情感，如句③。

（3）现在进行时可以表示○13________的动作，主要用于表示按计划或安排将要发生的动作，如句④，或表示马上就要发生的动作。

come、go、leave、arrive等非延续性动词用于进行时态，常表示“马上就……”。

三、现在完成时观察①-Have you finished your homework yet?-Yes，I have already finished it.你已经做完作业了吗？是的，我早已经做完了。

②We have learned English for eight years.我们已经学英语八年了。

③This is the most interesting film that he has made.这是他拍过的最有趣的电影。

④I'll go to the party as soon as I have finished my homework.我一完成我的作业就去参加聚会。

归纳1.构成：○14________。

2.基本用法：（1）现在完成时表示动作发生在过去，但对现在造成一定的○15________，常与already、yet，just等连用，如句①。

（2）现在完成时所表示的动作从过去开始持续到现在，也许还会继续下去。

常用的时间状语有：○16________、since+过去的时间点、so far、in the last/past few years等，如句②。

注意：当现在完成时表示动作持续时，谓语动词应该使用○17________动词。

He has left for ten minutes.（x）He has been away for ten minutes.（√）他已经离开十分钟了。

（3）在“It/This is the first/second/.../last time+that从句”与“It/This is the+形容词○18________+名词+that从句”这两个句型中，从句中的谓语要用现在完成时，如句③。

（4）现在完成时可用于时间状语从句和条件状语从句中代替将来完成时，这时从句的动作要先于主句的动作发生，如句④。

四、一般将来时观察①I will/shall go to visit him next week.下周我将去拜访他。

②Wherever he goes, he will always take an umbrella with him.无论他去哪儿，他总会带着一把伞。

③What are you going to do next Sunday?下星期天你打算干什么？④Look at the black clouds! It is going to rain.瞧那些乌云！要下雨了。

⑤Please get everything ready. The experiment is about to start.请把一切都准备好。

实验就要开始了。

⑥Who is to clean the classroom today?今天该谁打扫教室了？归纳1.构成：○19________, ○20________, ○21________.2.基本用法：（1）shall/will+动词原形，表示即将发生的动作或存在的状态特别是表示客观性的事情或在某条件下○22________去做的事情只能用此结构，如句①。

（2）will+动词原形，表示○23________动作或未来的倾向，如句②。

（3）be going to+动词原形，表示即将发生的事情或近期的准备、打算、○24 ________要做某事，如句③④。

（4）be（just）about to+动词原形，表示即将发生的事，常译为“刚要……，就要……”，如句⑤，一般不能与表示将来的具体的时间状语连用，但常与○25 ________连用。

（5）be to+动词原形，表示按计划中约定的或按职责○26________或要求必须去做的事或即将发生的动作，如句⑥。

五、一般过去时观察①I graduated from No.1 Middle School three years ago.三年前我从第一中学毕业。

②She got up, washed her face, brushed her teeth, had her breakfast and then went to work.她起床后，洗完脸，刷完牙，吃过早饭，然后就去上班了。

③When I was a teenager, I played table tennis almost every day.我十几岁时，几乎每天都打乒乓球。

④I didn't know you were here. How long have you been here?我不知道你在这里。

你在这里多久了？归纳1.构成：动词○27________。

基本用法：（1）一般过去时表示过去发生的动作或存在的状态，常与明确表示________的时间状语，如yesterday、last week、in+过去的时间点、a few days ago等连用，如句①。

注意：有些句子中没有表示过去的确定时间的状语，但实际上是指过去发生的动作或存在的状态时，也要用一般过去时。

如：Your phone number again? I didn't catch it.再说一遍你的电话号码好吗？我（刚才）没听见。

（2）一般过去时表示过去○29________的一系列动作，如句②。

（3）一般过去时表示过去一段时间内经常发生的或习惯性的动作。

常与often、usually、sometimes等表示○30________的词连用，如句③。

（4）一般过去时表示说话人原来○31________的事，如句④。

链接高考单句语法填空1.（2020全国I，语法填空）The unmanned Chang'e-4 probe（探测器）——the name was inspired I by an ancient Chinese moon goddess-________（touch）down last week in the South Pole-Aitken basin.2.（2020天津，9）The number of medical schools reached 18 in the early 1990s and________（remain）around that level ever since.3.（2020全国Ⅱ，短文改错）Actually, ________（start）to learn kung fu when I was seven years old.4.（2019江苏，22）The musician along with his band members________（give）ten performances in the last three months.5.（2019江苏，29）A few months after he had arrived in China，Mr. Smith________（fall）in love with the people and culture there.6.（2019课标全国Ⅱ，语法填空）Picking up her "Lifetime Achievement" award, proud Irene________（declare）she had no plans to retire from her 36-year-old business.7.（2019课标全国Ⅱ，语法填空）I love coming here and seeing my family and all the friends I________（make）over the years.8.（2018浙江11月，语法填空）You probably________（use）caffeine since childhood.9.（2018课标全国I，短文改错）During my last winter holiday，I________（go）to the countryside with my father to visit my grandparents.10.（2018课标全国Ⅱ，短文改错）I didn't realize how right my parents________（be）until I entered high school.11.（2018北京，7）China's high-speed railways________（grow）from 9,000 to 25,000 kilometers in the past few years.12.（2018天津，13）My washing machine________（repair）this week, so I have to wash my clothes by hand.13.（2017课标全国Ⅱ，语法填空）The Central London Railway was one of the most successful of these new lines, and________（open）in 1900.14.（2017课标全国Ⅱ，短文改错）When summer________（come）, they will invite their students to pick the fresh vegetables!15.（2017课标全国Ⅲ，语法填空）Sarah________（tell）that she could be Britain's new supermodel, earning a million dollars in the next year.16.（2017课标全国Ⅲ，短文改错）I ________（grow）not only physically, but also mentally in the past few years.17.（2017课标全国Ⅲ，短文改错）About one month after this photo was taken, I entered my second year of high school and________（become）a new member of the school music club.18.（2017北京，33）People________（have）better access to health care than they used to, and they're living longer as a result.19.（2017江苏，24）The publication of Great Expectations, which________（be）both widely reviewed and highly praised, strengthened Dickens' status as a leading novelist.20.（2017江苏，31）He's been informed that he not________（qualify）for the scholarship because of his academic background.21.（2016课标全国I，短文改错）Every day he makes sure that fresh vegetables and high quality oil________（use）for cooking.22.（2016北京，25）I________（read）half of the English novel, and I'll try to finish it at the weekend.23.（2016四川，语法填空）The giant panda________（love）by people throughout the world.24. To my delight, I________（choose）from hundreds of applicants to attend the opening ceremony.25. As you go through this book, you________（find）that each of the millions of people who lived through World WarⅡhad a different experience.26. I had a strong desire to reach in and play with the toy, but________（hold）back thankfully by the shop window.27. -Is Peter coming?-No, he________（change）his mind after a phone call at the last minute.28. He sold or exchanged some of the milk in the towns nearby for other food and made cheese and butter for the family with what________（leave）.29. -Did you enjoy the party?-Yes. We________（treat）well by our hosts.30. -Dr. Jackson is not in his office at the moment.-All right. I________（call）him later.31. -Haven't seen you for ages! Where have you been?-I went to Ningxia and________（stay）there for one year, teaching as a volunteer. 32. -What time is it?-I have no idea. But just a minute, I________（check）it for you.33. Whenever you________（buy）a present, you should think about it from the receiver's point of view.34. -Hi, let's go skating.-Sorry, I'm busy right now. I________（fill）in an application form for a new job.参考答案：①原形②第三人称单数③频率④能力⑤普遍真理⑥般将来时⑦位置转移⑧格言或警句⑨is/am/are+现在分词○10现在○11一段时间○12赞扬○13将来○14h ave/has+过去分词○15影响○16f or+时间段○17延续性○18最高级○19s hall/will+动词原形○20 be going to+动词原形○21be（about）to+动词原形○22临时决定○23习惯性○24有迹象表明○25w hen○26义务○27过去式○28过去○29连续发生○30频率○31没有料到或想到1.touched句意：嫦娥四号无人探测器——名字的灵感来源于古代中国的月亮女神——上周在南极-艾托肯盆地着陆。