2014年考研英语试题超详解
支持
句 段 首
② 述 至 第 四段
首段句②至句④：具体论述人到中年记忆力衰退的现象。
分
第二段：论述神经科学家找到了改善这种状况的方法——大脑训练。 第三段：介绍一家网络公司开发了首个大脑训练程序。 第四段：继续说明这家网络公司的大脑训练程序如何起到改善作用。
①许多人一步入中年，往往就开始注意 到自己的记忆力和头脑清晰度不如从前 了。②我们会突然想不起来刚刚把钥匙 放在哪里了，记不起某位老熟人的名字 或自己曾经喜欢的某个老乐队的名字。 ③当大脑衰退的时候，我们把这些现象 称为“老糊涂” 。④尽管这看起来并无大 碍，但这种注意力不集中会给我们的职 业、社交和个人福祉带来潜在的危害。
错项排除
项也不正确。 3. [A] If 如果 [C] Once 一旦
选项 [A] improves（改善；提高）和 [C] recovers（恢复）与主线倾向是对立的，可
排除。选项 [D] collapses 的意思太极端了，本文主线只是讲记忆力“衰退” ，而不是“崩溃” ，故该 [B] Unless 除非 [D] While 虽然，尽管 逻辑关系 在本空所在的状语中，innocent 意为“无害的” ；主句为 this loss of mental focus can 4 impact on our professional, social, and personal 5 ，根据 this loss of mental
时间状语从句 what they used to be. 主语 谓语 宾语 宾语从句
表语从句 本句的主干结构是：they（主语）+ start（谓语）+ to notice that…（宾语） 。宾语中含一个由 that 引 导的宾语从句，该从句是主系表结构，表语部分是 what 引导的表语从句。句首的 As 引导的是时间 状语从句。 P2 ① Neuroscientists, experts who study the nervous system, are increasingly showing that there’s actually a lot that can be done. ② It 7 8 to 6 out that the brain needs exercise in much the same way our muscles do, and the right mental can significantly improve our basic cognitive 9 . ③ Thinking is essentially a of making 10 in making the connections that drive intelligence 11 , because these connections are 12 mental
二、语篇精读及试题精解
P1 ① As many people hit middle age, they often start to notice that their memory and mental clarity are not what they used to be. ② We suddenly can’t remember 1 we put the keys just a moment ago, or an old acquaintance’s name, or the name of an old band we used to love. ③ As the brain , we refer to these occurrences as “senior 3 moments.” ④ seemingly innocent, this loss of mental focus can potentially have a(n) 4 impact on our professional, social, and personal 5 . 2
试题考点 解题思路
能轻松确定答案。本文的主旨是在“探讨中年人记忆力衰退的问题” 。本空需填动词的主语线索 是 the brain（ 大 脑 ） ， 下 文 又 提 到 we refer to these occurrences as“senior moments.” ， 这 里 的 these occurrences 指的就是上文提到的“忘了钥匙放在哪里等事件” 。四个选项的动词明显分为两个对立 的阵营：[B] fades 和 [D] collapses 为一组，[A] improves 和 [C] recovers 为另一组。根据主线倾向， the brain 此处最可能做出的动作一定是 [B] fades（变衰弱） 。
试题考点 解题思路
people hit middle age, they often start to notice that their memory and mental clarity are not what they used to be（许多人一步入中年，往往就开始注意到自己的记忆力和头脑清晰度不如从前了） ，就可以把 握文章的主旨是在“探讨中年人记忆力衰退的问题” 。本空所在句实际上就是分述中的一个具体的 例子，证明中年人记忆力衰退的事实。从语法结构上来看，本空需填入一个连词，引导一个宾语从 句做动词 remember 的宾语。即使根据常识也可判断 [A] where 最为恰当，此处意为“我们会突然想 不起来刚刚把钥匙放在哪里了” 。
错项排除
若把选项 [B] when 填入，此处意为“想不起来何时刚刚放了钥匙” ，when 与从句中
的已知信息 just a moment ago（刚刚）相冲突，因为这里已经提示了放钥匙的时间。若把选项 [C] that 填入，此处意为“想不起来刚刚放了钥匙这件事” ，除非我们此时还以为自己手里拿着钥匙，才 会选择这个选项。若把选项 [D] why 填入，此处表示“想不起来为什么刚刚放了钥匙” ，这个意思是 最不着边际的。 2. [A] improves 改善；提高 [C] recovers 恢复 [B] fades 变衰弱；逐渐消失 [D] collapses 崩溃 动词辨析（同现结构） 本空所需动词处于分述信息中，只要利用同现原则（与主旨导向一致原则）就
2014年试题超详解
Section I Use of English
一、文章概述
题源分析
出处
Medical Daily（医药 日报网站） （2012.10）
标题
Explanation: How Brain Training Can 《解 Make You Significantly Smarter（
1
词汇详解
acquaintance /@9kweIntFns/ n. 相 识 的 人 , 熟 人；了解：We are only casual acquaintances. 我 们只是泛泛之交。 occurrence /@9kˆr@ns/ n. 发生的事，事件；发 生：The occurrence of storms delayed our trip. 试题精解 1. [A] where 哪里 [C] that 语法上的从句连词 [B] when 何时 [D] why 为什么 连词辨析 本空处于分述信息中，只要把握本空之前作为本文总述句的首段首句，即 As many 暴风雨耽搁了我们的旅行。 seemingly /9si:mIÎli/ adv. 看上去 , 表面上；看来： Seemingly, we can do nothing to prevent this from happening. 看来我们没有什么办法阻止这件事发生。
文章架构
这篇完形文章的结构还是一贯的总分对照结构。 As many people hit middle age, they often start to notice that their memory
述 总 首句
首
段
and mental clarity are not what they used to be. 许多人一步入中年，往往 就开始注意到自己的记忆力和头脑的清晰度不如从前了。
主题
中年人记忆力衰退 以及通过大脑训练
题材
体裁
自然科学
议论文
释：大脑训练如何让人明显更聪明》 ） 来改善
文章主线
2014 年的完形文章是一篇典型的科研类文章，这类文章具有明确的学术观点和主线，而且
往往在文章开头直接给出。如本文的首段首句：As many people hit middle age, they often start to notice that their memory and mental clarity are not what they used to be.（许多人一步入中年，往往就开始注意到自己的记忆力和 头脑的清晰度不如从前了。 ）据此即可把握文章的主旨：探讨人到中年常出现的记忆力衰退和头脑清晰度降 低的问题。
衔接此处的状语和主句。 4. [A] uneven 不规则的；不平坦的 [C] damaging 有害的
试题考点 解题思路
形容词辨析（同现结构） 本题根据同现原则（与主旨导向一致原则）就能轻松确定答案。本空所需形容词修
饰名词 impact（影响） ，所在句的主语为 this loss of mental focus（这种注意力不集中） ，再根据文章 的主线倾向，不难判断出产生的一定是“不好的”影响。四个选项中只有 [C] damaging（有害的） 与主线倾向完全一致。
试题考点 解题思路
名词辨析 本空所在句讲 this loss of mental focus 会产生有害的影响，而且这种影响是对我们的
职业、社交和个人福祉的影响。本空所需名词同时受到 professional，social 和 personal 三个形容词 的修饰，[A] wellbeing（福祉，健康，幸福）满足条件，意思也最贴合语境。
2014年考研英语真题答案及解析
Section I Use of English
一、文章题材结构分析
本文介绍了“人们可以通过锻炼大脑来提高智力并防止脑力衰老”。文章第一段介绍了脑力衰老会对人们
正常生活产生影响。第二段介绍了神经学家们的研究结果，表明脑力不是无法改变的，人们可以通过努力和训
可能的结果，而下文分析的不是假设性的结果，选项 D 引导因果关系，因此选项 BCD 均可排除。
12．[A] instead of 而不是；代替
[B] regardless of 不管，忽视
[C] apart from 除了……之外（还有）
[D] according to 根据，依据
【答案】D
【考点】上下文逻辑关系+介词短语辨析
【解析】上文提到了人们可以通过努力和锻炼来提高智力，本段首句介绍一个公司开发了一套程序，这套程序
可帮助提高脑力方面的能力。由此可知，本段是对上文的补充说明，是“a lot can be done”的进一步发展，而
Take a step further 表示“进一步采取措施”因此，选项 B 为正确答案。Take a step back 向后退一步，take a step
[B] limited 有限的
[C] damaging 破坏性的
[D] obscure 晦涩的，不清楚的
【答案】C
【考点】上下文逻辑关系+词义辨析
【解析】在上一题的分析中可以看出，这个句子前后是转折的关系，前面说“看似简单”，后面是“有潜在的
影响”，下文中又开始介绍解决方法，因此这里的空格处一定是与 innocent 意思相反的词。比较四个选项，可
【解析】前文提到脑力的下降导致人们会忘记很多事情，这说明脑力变得迟钝，现在有公司开发了一套程序帮
2014考研英语真题及答案解析(详细)
2014考研真题及答案解析Section I Use of LanguageDirections:Read the following text. Choose the best word(S) for each numbered blank and mark A, B ,C or D on ANSWER SHEET. (10 Points)As many people hit middle age, they often start to notice that their memory and mental clarity are not what they used to be. We suddenly can't remember 1 we put the keys just a moment ago, or an old acquaintance's name, or the name of an old band we used to love. As the brain 2 , we refer to these occurrences as "senior moments." 3 seemingly innocent, this loss of mental focus can potentially have a(an) 4 impact on our professional, social, and personal 5 .Neuroscientists, experts who study the nervous system, are increasingly showing that there's actually a lot that can be done. It 6 out that the brain needs exercise in much the same way our muscles do, and the right mental 7 can significantly improve our basic cognitive 8 . Thinking is essentially a 9 of making connections in the brain. To a certain extent, our ability to 10 in making the connections that drive intelligence is inherited. 11 , because these connections are made through effort and practice, scientists believe that intelligence can expand and fluctuate 12 mental effort.Now, a new Web-based company has taken it a step 13 and developed the first "brain training program" designed to actually help people improve and regain their mental 14 .The Web-based program 15 you to systematically improve your memory and attention skills. The program keeps 16 of your progress and provides detailed feedback 17 your performance and improvement. Most importantly, it 18 modifies and enhances the games you play to 19 on the strengths you are developing--much like a(n) 20 exercise routine requires you to increase resistance and vary your muscle use.1.[A]where [B]when [C]that [D]why2.[A]improves [B]fades [C]recovers [D]collapses3.[A]If [B]Unless [C]Once [D]While4.[A]uneven [B]limited [C]damaging [D]obscure5.[A]wellbeing [B]environment [C]relationship [D]outlook6.[A]turns [B]finds [C]points [D]figures7.[A]roundabouts [B]responses [C]workouts [D]associations8.[A]genre [B]functions [C]circumstances [D]criterion9.[A]channel [B]condition [C]sequence [D]process10.[A]persist [B]believe [C]excel [D]feature11.[A]Therefore [B]Moreover [C]Otherwise [D]However12.[A]according to [B]regardless of [C]apart from [D]instead of13.[A]back [B]further [C]aside [D]around14.[A]sharpness [B]stability [C]framework [D]flexibility15.[A]forces [B]reminds [C]hurries [D]allows16.[A]hold [B]track [C]order [D]pace17.[A] to [B]with [C]for [D]on18.[A]irregularly [B]habitually [C]constantly [D]unusually19.[A]carry [B]put [C]build [D]take20.[A]risky [B]effective [C]idle [D]familiar答案：1-5 ABDCA6-10 ACBDC11-15 DABAD16-20 BDCCB1. [标准答案] [A][考点分析] 上下文语义和连词辨析[选项分析] 本题考查连词。
2014年考研英语真题及答案
2014 考研英语真题Section ⅠUse of EnglishDirections: Read the following text. Choose the best word(s) for each numbered blank and mark A,B,C or D on the ANSWER SHEET.(10 points)As many people hit middle age, they often start to notice that their memory and mental clarity are not what they used to be. We suddenly can’t remember ___1___ we put the keys just a moment ago, or an old acquaintance’s name, or the name of an old band we used to love. As the brain ___2___, we refer to these occurrences as “senior moments.” ___3___ seemingly innocent, this loss of mental focus can potentially have a (n) ___4___ impact on our professional, social, and personal ___5___.Neuroscientists, experts who study the nervous system, are increasingly showing that there’s actually a lot that can be done. It ___6___ out that the brain needs exercise in much the same way our muscles do, and the right mental ___7___ can significantly improve our basic cognitive ___8___. Thinking is essentially a ___9___ of making connections in the brain. To a certain extent, our ability to ___10___ in making the connections that drive intelligence is inherited. ___11___, because these connections are made through effort and practice, scientists believe that intelligence can expand and fluctuate ___12___ mental effort.Now, a new Web-based company has taken it a step ___13___ and developed the first “brain training program” designed to actually help people improve and regain their mental ___14___.The Web-based program ___15___ you to systematically improve your memory and attention skills. The program keeps ___16___ of your progress and provides detailed feedback ___17___ your performance and improvement. Most importantly, it ___18___modifies and enhances the games you play to ___19___ on the strengths you are developing—much like a(n) ___20___exercise routine requires you to increase resistance and vary your muscle use.1. [A]where [B]when [C]that [D]why2. [A]improves [B]fades [C]recovers [D]collapses3. [A]If [B]Unless [C]Once [D]While4. [A]uneven [B]limited [C]damaging [D]obscure5. [A]wellbeing [B]environment [C]relationship [D]outlook6. [A]turns [B]finds [C]points [D]figures7. [A]roundabouts [B]responses [C]workouts [D]associations8. [A]genre [B]functions [C]circumstances [D]criterion9. [A]channel [B]condition [C]sequence [D]process10. [A]persist [B]believe [C]excel [D]feature11. [A] Therefore [B] Moreover [C] Otherwise [D] However12. [A]according to [B]regardless of [C]apart from [D]instead of13. [A]back [B]further [C]aside [D]around14. [A]sharpness [B]stability [C]framework [D]flexibility15. [A]forces [B]reminds [C]hurries [D]allows16. [A]hold [B]track [C]order [D]pace17. [A]to [B]with [C]for [D]on18. [A]irregularly [B]habitually [C]constantly [D]unusually19. [A]carry [B]put [C]build [D]take20. [A]risky [B]effective [C]idle [D]familiarSectionⅡReading ComprehensionPart ADirections: Read the following four texts. Answer the questions below each text by choosing A, B, C or D. Mark your answers on the ANSWER SHEET. (40 points)Text 1In order to “change lives for the better” and reduce “dependency” George Osborne, Chancellor of the Exchequer, introduced the “upfront work search” scheme. Only if the jobless arrive at the jobcentre with a CV, register for online job search, and start looking for work will they be eligible for benefit and then they should report weekly rather than fortnightly. What could be more reasonable?More apparent reasonableness followed. There will now be a seven-day wait for the jobseeker’s allowance. “Those first few days should be spent looking for work, not looking to sign on.” he claimed. “We’re doing these things because we know they help people stay off benefitsand help those on b enefits get into work faster.” Help? Really? On first hearing, this was the socially concerned chancellor, trying to change lives for the better, complete with “reforms” to an obviously indulgent system that demands too little effort from the newly unemployed to find work, and subsidises laziness. What motivated him, we were to understand, was his zeal for “fundamental fairness”— protecting the taxpayer, controlling spending and ensuring that only the most deserving claimants received their benefits.Losin g a job is hurting: you don’t skip down to the jobcentre with a song in your heart, delighted at the prospect of doubling your income from the generous state. It is financially terrifying, psychologically embarrassing and you know that support is minimal and extraordinarily hard to get. You are now not wanted; you support is minimal and extraordinarily hard to get. You are now not wanted; you are now excluded from the work environment that offers purpose and structure in your life. Worse, the crucial income to feed yourself and your family and pay the bills has disappeared. Ask anyone newly unemployed what they want and the answer is always: a job.But in Osborneland, your first instinct is to fall into dependency — permanent dependency if you can get it — supported by a state only too ready to indulge your falsehood. It is as though 20 years of ever-tougher reforms of the job search and benefit administration system never happened. The principle of British welfare is no longer that you can insure yourself against the risk of unemployment and receive unconditional payments if the disaster happens. Even the very phrase “jobseeker’s allowance” —invented in 1996 —is about redefining the unemployed as a “jobseeker” who had no mandatory right to a benefit he or she has earned through making national insurance contributions. Instead, the claimant receives a time-limited “allowance,” conditional on actively seeking a job; no entitlement and no insurance, at £71.70 a week, one of the least generous in the EU.21. G eorge Osborne’s scheme was intended to[A]provide the unemployed with easier access to benefits.[B]encourage jobseekers’ active engagement in job seeking.[C]motivate the unemployed to report voluntarily.[D]guarantee jobseekers’ legitimate right to benefits.22. The phrase, “to sign on” (Line 3, Para. 2) most probably means[A]to check on the availability of jobs at the job centre.[B]to accept the government’s restrictions on the allowance.[C]to register for an allowance from the government.[D]to attend a governmental job-training program.23. What prompted the chancellor to develop his scheme?[A]A desire to secure a better life for all.[B]An eagerness to protect the unemployed.[C]An urge to be generous to the claimants.[D]A passion to ensure fairness for taxpayers.24. According to Paragraph 3, being unemployed makes one feel[A]uneasy[B]enraged.[C]insulted.[D]guilty.25. To which of the following would the author most probably agree?[A]The British welfare system indulges jobseekers’ laziness.[B]Osborne’s reforms will reduce the risk of unemployment.[C]The jobseekers’ allowance has met their actual needs.[D]Unemployment benefits should not be made conditional.Text 2All around the world, lawyers generate more hostility than the members of any other profession—with the possible exception of journalism. But there are few places where clients have more grounds for complaint than America.During the decade before the economic crisis, spending on legal services in America grew twice as fast as inflation. The best lawyers made skyscrapers-full of money, tempting ever more students to pile into law schools. But most law graduates never get a big-firm job. Many of them instead become the kind of nuisance-lawsuit filer that makes the tort system a costly nightmare.There are many reasons for this. One is the excessive costs of a legal education. There is just one path for a lawyer in most American states: a four-year undergraduate degree in some unrelated subject, then a three-year law degree at one of 200 law schools authorized by the American Bar Association and an expensive preparation for the bar exam. This leaves today’s average law-school graduate with $100,000 of debt on top of undergraduate debts. Law-school debt means that many cannot afford to go into government or non-profit work, and that they have to work fearsomely hard.Reforming the system would help both lawyers and their customers. Sensible ideas have been around for a long time, but the state-level bodies that govern the profession have been too conservative to implement them. One idea is to allow people to study law as an undergraduate degree. Another is to let students sit for the bar after only two years of law school. If the bar exam is truly a stern enough test for a would-be lawyer, those who can sit it earlier should be allowed to do so. Students who do not need the extra training could cut their debt mountain by a third.The other reason why costs are so high is the restrictive guild-like ownership structure of the business. Except in the District of Columbia, non-lawyers may not own any share of a law firm. This keeps fees high and innovation slow. There is pressure for change from within the profession, but opponents of change among the regulators insist that keeping outsiders out of a law firm isolates lawyers from the pressure to make money rather than serve clients ethically.In fact, allowing non-lawyers to own shares in law firms would reduce costs and improve services to customers, by encouraging law firms to use technology and to employ professional managers to focus on improving firms’ efficiency. After all, other countries, such as Australia and Britain, have started liberalizing their legal professions. America should follow.26.a lot of students take up law as their profession due to[A]the growing demand from clients.[B]the increasing pressure of inflation.[C]the prospect of working in big firms.[D]the attraction of financial rewards.27.Which of the following adds to the costs of legal education in most American states?[A]Higher tuition fees for undergraduate studies.[B]Admissions approval from the bar association.[C]Pursuing a bachelor’s degree in another major.[D]Receiving training by professional associations.28.Hindrance to the reform of the legal system originates from[A]lawyers’ and clients’ strong resistance.[B]the rigid bodies governing the profession.[C]the stem exam for would-be lawyers.[D]non-professionals’ sharp criticism.29.The guild-like ownership structure is considered “restrictive”partly because it[A]bans outsiders’ involvement in the profession.[B]keeps lawyers from holding law-firm shares.[C]aggravates the ethical situation in the trade.[D]prevents lawyers from gaining due profits.30.In this text, the author mainly discusses[A]flawed ownership of America’s law firms and its causes.[B]the factors that help make a successful lawyer in America.[C]a problem in America’s legal profession and solutions to it.[D]the role of undergraduate studies in America’s le gal education.Text 3The US$3-million Fundamental physics prize is indeed an interesting experiment, as Alexander Polyakov said when he accepted this year’s award in March. And it is far from the only one of its type. As a News Feature article in Nature discusses, a string of lucrative awards for researchers have joined the Nobel Prizes in recent years. Many, like the Fundamental Physics Prize, are funded from the telephone-number-sized bank accounts of Internet entrepreneurs. These benefactors have succeeded in their chosen fields, they say, and they want to use their wealth to draw attention to those who have succeeded in science.What’s not to like? Quite a lot, according to a handful of scientists quoted in the News Feature. You cannot buy class, as the old saying goes, and these upstart entrepreneurs cannot buy their prizes the prestige of the Nobels, The new awards are an exercise in self-promotion for those behind them, say scientists. They could distort the achievement-based system of peer-review-led research. They could cement the status quo of peer-reviewed research. They do not fund peer-reviewed research. They perpetuate the myth of the lone genius.The goals of the prize-givers seem as scattered as the criticism. Some want to shock, others to draw people into science, or to better reward those who have made their careers in research.As Nature has pointed out before, there are some legitimate concerns about how science prizes—both new and old—are distributed. The Breakthrough Prize in Life Sciences, launched this year, takes an unrepresentative view of what the life sciences include. But the Nobel Foundation’s limit of three recipients per prize, each of whom must still be living, has long been outgrown by the collaborative nature of modern research—as will be demonstrated by the inevitable row over who is ignored when it comes to acknowledging the discovery of the Higgs boson. The Nobels were, of course, themselves set up by a very rich individual who had decided what he wanted to do with his own money. Time, rather than intention, has given them legitimacy.As much as some scientists may complain about the new awards, two things seem clear. First, most researchers would accept such a prize if they were offered one. Second, it is surely a good thing that the money and attention come to science rather than go elsewhere, It is fair to criticize and question the mechanism—that is the culture of research, after all—but it is the prize-givers’ money to do with as they please. It is wise to take such gifts with gratitude and grace.31. The Fundamental Physics Prize is seen as[A]a symbol of the entrepreneurs’ wealth.[B]a possible replacement of the Nobel Prizes.[C]an example of bankers’ investments.[D]a handsome reward for researchers.32. The critics think that the new awards will most benefit[A]the profit-oriented scientists.[B]the founders of the new awards.[C]the achievement-based system.[D]peer-review-led research.33. The discovery of the Higgs boson is a typical case which involves[A]controversies over the recipients’ status.[B]the joint effort of modern researchers.[C]legitimate concerns over the new prizes.[D]the demonstration of research findings.34. According to Paragraph 4,which of the following is true of the Nobels?[A]Their endurance has done justice to them.[B]Their legitimacy has long been in dispute.[C]They are the most representative honor.[D]History has never cast doubt on them.35.The author believes that the now awards are[A]acceptable despite the criticism.[B]harmful to the culture of research.[C]subject to undesirable changes.[D]unworthy of public attention.Text 4“The Heart of the Matter,” the just-released report by the American Academy of Arts and Sciences (AAAS), deserves praise for affirming the importance of the humanities and social sciences to the prosperity and security of liberal democracy in America. Regrettably, however, the report’s failure to address the true nature of the crisis facing liberal education may cause more harm than good.In 2010, leading congressional Democrats and Republicans sent letters to the AAAS asking that it identify actions that could be taken by “federal, state and local governments, universities, foundations, educators, individual bene factors and others” to “maintain national excellence in humanities and social scientific scholarship and education.” In response, the American Academy formed the Commission on the Humanities and Social Sciences. Among the commission’s 51 members are top-tier-university presidents, scholars, lawyers, judges, and business executives, as well as prominent figures from diplomacy, filmmaking, music and journalism.The goals identified in the report are generally admirable. Because representative government presupposes an informed citizenry, the report supports full literacy; stresses the study of history and government, particularly American history and American government; and encourages the use of new digital technologies. To encourage innovation and competition, the report calls for increased investment in research, the crafting of coherent curricula that improve students’ ability to solve problems and communicate effectively in the 21st century, increased funding for teachers and the encouragement of scholars to bring their learning to bear on the great challenges of the day. The report also advocates greater study of foreign languages, international affairs and the expansion of study abroad programs.Unfortunately, despite 2½ years in the making, "The Heart of the Matter" never gets to the heart of the matter: the illiberal nature of liberal education at our leading colleges and universities. The commission ignores that for several decades America's colleges and universities have produced graduates who don’t kn ow the content and character of liberal education and are thus deprived of its benefits. Sadly, the spirit of inquiry once at home on campus has been replaced by the use of the humanities and social sciences as vehicles for publicizing “progressive,” or left-liberal propaganda.Today, professors routinely treat the progressive interpretation of history and progressive public policy as the proper subject of study while portraying conservative or classical liberal ideas—such as free markets and self-reliance—as falling outside the boundaries of routine, and sometimes legitimate, intellectual investigation.The AAAS displays great enthusiasm for liberal education. Yet its report may well set back reform by obscuring the depth and breadth of the challenge that Congress asked it to illuminate.36. According to Paragraph 1, what is the author’s attitude toward the AAAS’s report?[A] Critical[B] Appreciative[C] Contemptuous[D] Tolerant37. Influential figures in the Congress required that the AAAS report on how to[A] retain people’s interest in liberal education[B] define the government’s role in education[C] keep a leading position in liberal education[D] safeguard individuals’ rights to education38. According to Paragraph 3, the report suggests[A] an exclusive study of American history[B] a greater emphasis on theoretical subjects[C] the application of emerging technologies[D] funding for the study of foreign languages39. The author implies in Paragraph 5 that professors are[A] supportive of free markets[B] cautious about intellectual investigation[C] conservative about public policy[D] biased against classical liberal ideas40. Which of the following would be the best title for the text?[A] Ways to Grasp “The Heart of the Matter”[B] Illiberal Education and “The Heart of the Matter”[C] The AAAS’s Contribution to Liberal Educa tion[D] Progressive Policy vs. Liberal EducationPart BDirections: The following paragraphs are given in a wrong order. For Questions 41-45, you are required to reorganize these paragraphs into a coherent text by choosing from the list A-G and filling them into the numbered boxes. Paragraphs A and E have been correctly placed Mark your answers on the ANSWER SHEET (10 points)[A] Some archaeological sites have always been easily observable—for example, the Parthenon in Athens, Greece, the pyramids of Giza in Egypt; and the megaliths of Stonehenge in southern England. But these sites are exceptions to the norm. Most archaeological sites have been located by means of careful searching, while many others have been discovered by accident. Olduvai Gorge, an early hominid site in Tanzania, was found by a butterfly hunter who literally fell into its deep valley in 1911. Thousands of Aztec artifacts came to light during the digging of the Mexico City subway in the 1970s.[B]In another case, American archaeologists Rene Million and George Cowgill spent years systematically mapping the entire city of Teotihuacan in the Valley of Mexico near what is now Mexico City. At its peak around AD 600, this city was one of the largest human settlements in the world. The res earchers mapped not only the city’s vast and ornate ceremonial areas, but also hundreds of simpler apartment complexes where common people lived.[C] How do archaeologists know where to find what they are looking for when there is nothing visible on the surface of the ground? Typically, they survey and sample (make test excavations on) large areas of terrain to determine where excavation will yield useful information. Surveys and test samples have also become important for understanding the larger landscapes that containarchaeological sites.[D] Surveys can cover a single large settlement or entire landscapes. In one case, many researchers working around the ancient Maya city of Copan, Honduras, have located hundreds of small rural villages and individual dwellings by using aerial photographs and by making surveys on foot. The resulting settlement maps show how the distribution and density of the rural population around the city changed dramatically between AD 500 and 850, when Copan collapsed.[E] To find their sites, archaeologists today rely heavily on systematic survey methods and a variety of high-technology tools and techniques. Airborne technologies, such as different types of radar and photographic equipment carried by airplanes or spacecraft, allow archaeologists to learn about what lies beneath the ground without digging. Aerial surveys locate general areas of interest or larger buried features, such as ancient buildings or fields.[F] Most archaeological sites, however, are discovered by archaeologists who have set out to look for them. Such searches can take years. British archaeologist Howard Carter knew that the tomb of the Egyptian pharaoh Tutankhamun existed from information found in other sites. Carter sifted through rubble in the Valley of the Kings for seven years before he located the tomb in 1922. In the late 1800s British archaeologist Sir Arthur Evan combed antique dealers’ stores in Athens, Greece. He was searching for tiny engraved seals attributed to the ancient Mycenaean culture that dominated Greece from the 1400s to 1200s BC. Evans’s interpretations of these engravings eventually led him to find the Minoan palace at Knossos (Knossós) on the island of Crete, in 1900.[G] Ground surveys allow archaeologists to pinpoint the places where digs will be successful. Most ground surveys involve a lot of walking, looking for surface clues such as small fragments of pottery. They often include a certain amount of digging to test for buried materials at selected points across a landscape. Archaeologists also may locate buried remains by using such technologies as ground radar, magnetic-field recording, and metal detectors. Archaeologists commonly use computers to map sites and the landscapes around sites. Two and three-dimensional maps are helpful tools in planning excavations, illustrating how sites look, and presenting the results of archaeological research.41. → A →42. → E →43. → 44. →45.Part CDirections: Read the following text carefully and then translate the underlined segments into Chinese. Your translation should be written neatly on the ANSWER SHEET. (10 points)Music means different things to different people and sometimes even different things to the same person at different moments of his life. It might be poetic, philosophical, sensual, or mathematical, but in any case it must, in my view, have something to do with the soul of the human being. Hence it is metaphysical; but the means of expression is purely and exclusively physical: sound. I believe it is precisely this permanent coexistence of metaphysical message through physical means that is the strength of music. (46)It is also the reason why when we try to describe music with words, all we can do is articulate our reactions to it, and not grasp music itself.Beethoven’s importance in music has been principally defined by the revolutionary nature of his compositions. He freed music from hitherto prevailing conventions of harmony and structure. Sometimes I feel in his late works a will to break all signs of continuity. The music is abrupt and seemingly disconnected, as in the last piano sonata. In musical expression, he did not feel restrained by the weight of convention. (47)By all accounts he was a freethinking person, and a courageous one, and I find courage an essential quality for the understanding, let alone the performance, of his works.This courageous attitude in fact becomes a require ment for the performers of Beethoven’s music. His compositions demand the performer to show courage, for example in the use of dynamics.(48)Beethoven’s habit of increasing the volume with an intense crescendo and then abruptly following it with a sudden soft passage was only rarely used by composers before him.Beethoven was a deeply political man in the broadest sense of the word. He was not interested in daily politics, but concerned with questions of moral behavior and the larger questions of right and wrong affecting the entire society. (49)Especially significant was his view of freedom, which, for him, was associated with the rights and responsibilities of the individual: he advocated freedom of thought and of personal expression.Beethoven’s music t ends to move from chaos to order as if order were an imperative of human existence. For him, order does not result from forgetting or ignoring the disorders that plague our existence; order is a necessary development, an improvement that may lead to the Greek ideal of spiritual elevation. It is not by chance that the Funeral March is not the last movement of the Eroica Symphony, but the second, so that suffering does not have the last word. 50) One could interpret much of the work of Beethoven by saying that suffering is inevitable, but the courage to fight it renders life worth living.Section ⅢWritingPart A51. Directions:Write a letter of about 100 words to the president of your university, suggesting how to improve students’ physical condition.You should include the details you think necessary.You should write neatly on the ANSWER SHEET.Do not sign your own name at the end of the letter. Use “Li Ming” instead.Do not write the address. (10 points)Part B52. Directions:Write an essay of 160-200 words based on the following drawing. In your essay, you should1) describe the drawing briefly,2) interpret its intended meaning, and3) give your comments.You should write neatly on the ANSWER SHEET(20 points)2014 考研英语真题答案完型1. where2. fades3. While4. damaging5. well-being6. turns7. workouts8. functions9. process 10. excel11. However 12. according to 13. further 14. sharpness 15. allows16. track 17. on 18. constantly 19. build 20. effective阅读理解Par AText1 21-25 B C D A DText2 26-30 D C B A CText3 31-35 D B B A AText4 36-40 A C C D BPart B41.C 42.F 43.G 44. D 45.BPart C46.这也解释了为什么当我们试图用语言来描述音乐时，我们只能表达对音乐的感受，而不能把握音乐本身。
2014年考研英语(二)真题及答案解析
2014年考研英语(二)真题及答案解析2014年考研英语(二)真题及答案解析注意：以下内容为根据题目要求所写，使用适当的格式。
仅供参考。
题目1：Directions：Read the following text. Choose the best word(s) for each numbered blank and mark A, B, C or D on the ANSWER SHEET. (10 points)In the 21st century, water scarcity is becoming an increasingly pressing issue. With (1)_______current population growth and climate change, many areas around the world are experiencing water shortages. Water scarcity (2)_______ numerous problems, including food shortages and conflicts. To address this issue, various measures need to be taken.Firstly, (3)_______ should enhance water-conservation awareness. People need to realize the importance of water and develop good water-saving habits. Governments and organizations should (4)_______ campaigns to educate the public about water conservation methods, such as reducing shower time and fixing leaky faucets.Secondly, water infrastructure needs to be improved. Outdated water distribution systems result in excessive water loss. Governments should invest (5)_______ the construction and renovation of water infrastructures, such as pipes, reservoirs, and water treatment plants. This will help reduce water waste and ensure equal access to water for all.Thirdly, water management should be strengthened. Effective water management strategies can help alleviate water scarcity. Governments should establish (6)_______ water regulations and policies to ensure sustainable water usage. Additionally, they should promote the use of advanced technologies, such as drip irrigation and desalination, to maximize water efficiency.In conclusion, water scarcity is a crucial issue that needs immediate attention. By raising awareness, improving water infrastructure, and enhancing water management, we can work towards a more sustainable future with sufficient water resources for all.题目2：Directions：Translate the following text from Chinese into English and write your version in the corresponding space in your ANSWER SHEET. (15 points)针对城市交通拥堵的问题，我们提出了一种全新的解决方案——共享单车。
2014全国研究生考试英语一真题（完整版）
2014全国研究⽣考试英语⼀真题（完整版） 每⼀场考试都是⽂字上的较量，相信各位在考研的战场上凯旋⽽归，本站为⼤家真情奉献2014年英语⼀考研真题及答案解析，供⼤家参阅反思及总结，更多最新2014考研答案信息尽在栏⺫及栏⺫，店铺真情为⼤家提供第⼀⼿考研资讯，欢迎各位前来阅读(CTRL+D收藏即可)。
2014年全国硕⼠研究⽣⼊学统⼀考试英语(⼀)试题 Section I Use of English Directions: Read the following text. Choose the best word(s) for each numbered blank and mark A, B, C or D on ANSWER SHEET.(10 points) As many people hit middle age, they often start to notice that their memory and mental clarity are not what they used to be. We suddenly can’t remember 1 we put the keys just a moment ago, or an old acquaintance’s name, or the name of an old band we used to love. As the brain 2 ,we refer to these occurrences as “senior moments.” 3 seemingly innocent, this loss of mental focus can potentially have a(n) 4 impact on our professional , social ,and personal 5 . Neuroscientists, experts who study the nervous system, are increasingly showing that there’s actually a lot that can be done. It 6 out that the brain needs exercise in much the same way our muscles do, and the right mental 7 can significantly improve our basic cognitive 8 .Thinking is essentially a 9 of making connections in the brain. To a certain extent, our ability to 10 in making the connections that drive intelligence is inherited. 11___, because these connections are made through effort and fluctuate __12_ mental effort. Now,a new Web-based company has taken it a step __13__ and developed the first "brain training Program"designed to actually help people improve and regain their mental __14__. The Web-based program 15 you to systematically improve your memory and attention skills. The program keeps 16 of your progress and provides detailed feedback 17 your performance and improvement. Most importantly, it 18 modifies and enhances the games you play to 19 on the strengths you are developing-much like a(n) 20 exercise routine requires you to increase resistance and vary your muscle use. 1. [A] where [B] when [C] that [D] why 2. [A] improves [B] fades [C] recover [D] collapses 3. [A] unless [B] while [C] once [D] if 4. [A] damaging [B] limited [C] uneven [D] obscure 5. [A] relationship [B]environment [C] welling [D]outlook 6. [A] figures [B] finds [C] points [D] turns 7. [A] responses [B] roundabout [C] workouts [D] associations 8. [A] genre [B] criterion [C] circumstances [D] functions 9. [A] channel [B] sequence [C] process [D] condition 10. [A] feature [B] excel [C] persist [D] believe 11. [A] however [B]moreover [C]otherwise [D] therefore 12. [A] instead of [B] according [C] apart from [D] regardless 13. [A] further [B] back [C] aside [D] around 14. [A] framework [B] stability [C] flexibility [D] sharpness 15. [A] hurries [B] reminds [C] allows [D] forces 16. [A] hold [B] track [C] order [D] pace 17. [A] to [B] with [C] for [D] on 18. [A] constantly [B] habitually [C] irregularly [D] unusually 19. [A] put [B] carry [C] build [D] take 20. [A] idle [B] familiar [C] risky [D] effective Section II Reading Comprehension Part A Directions: Read the following four texts. Answer the questions below each text by choosing A, B, C or D. Mark your answers on ANSWER SHEET. (40 points) Text 1 In order to "change lives for the better" and reduce "dependency ."George Osborne, Chancellor of the Exchequer, introduced the "upfront work search" scheme. Only if the jobless arrive at the job centre with a CV, register for the online job search, and start looking for work will they be eligible for benefit - and then they should report weekly rather than fortnightly. What could be more reasonable? More apparent reasonableness followed. There will now be a seven-day wait for the jobseeker's allowance. "Those first few days should be spent looking for work, not looking to sign on." he claimed, "We're doing these things because we know they help people stay off benefits and help those on benefits get into work faster." Help? Really? On first hearing, this was the socially concerned chancellor, trying to change lives for the better, complete with "reforms" to an obviously indulgent system that demands too little effort from the newly unemployed to find work, and subsidises laziness. What motivated him, we were to understand was his zeal for "fundamental fairness" - protecting the taxpayer, controlling spending and ensuring that only the most deserving claimants received their benefits.。
2014年考研英语二真题及答案详解
2014年全国硕士研究生入学统一考试英语(二)试题及参考答案Section I Use of EnglishDirections:Read the following text. Choose the best word(s) for each numbered blank and mark A, B, C or D on ANSWER SHEET. (10 points)Thinner isn’t always better. A number of studies have 1 that normal-weight people are in fact at higher risk of some diseases compared to those who are overweight. And there are health conditions for which being overweight is actually 2 . For example, heavier women are less likely to develop calcium deficiency than thin women. 3 among the elderly, being somewhat overweight is often an 4 of good health.Of even greater 5 is the fact that obesity turns out to be very difficult to define. It is oftendefined 6 body mass index, or BMI. BMI 7 body mass divided by the square of height. An adult with a BMI of 18 to 25 is often considered to be normal weight. Between 25 and 30 is overweight. And over 30 is considered obese. Obesity, 8 ,can be divided into moderately obese, severely obese, and very severely obese.While such numerical standards seem 9 , they are not. Obesity is probably less a matter of weight than body fat. Some people with a high BMI are in fact extremely fit, 10 others with a low BMI may be in poor 11 .For example, many collegiate and professional footballplayers 12 as obese, though their percentage body fat is low. Conversely, someone with a small frame may have high body fat but a 13 BMI.Today we have a(an) 14 to label obesity as a disgrace. The overweight are sometimes 15 in the media with their faces covered. Stereotypes 16 with obesity include laziness, lack of will power, and lower prospects for success. Teachers, employers, and health professionals have been shown to harbor biases against the obese. 17 very young children tend to look down on the overweight, and teasing about body build has long been a problem in schools.Negative attitudes toward obesity, 18 in health concerns, have stimulated a number of anti-obesity 19 .My own hospital system has banned sugary drinks from its facilities. Many employers have instituted weight loss and fitness initiatives. Michelle Obama launched a high-visibility campaign 20 childhood obesity, even claiming that it represents our greatest national security threat.1. [A] denied [B] concluded [C] doubled [D] ensured2. [A] protective [B] dangerous [C] sufficient [D]troublesome3. [A] Instead [B] However [C] Likewise [D] Therefore4. [A] indicator [B] objective [C] origin [D] example5. [A] impact [B] relevance [C] assistance [D] concern6. [A] in terms of [B] in case of [C] in favor of [D] in of7. [A] measures [B] determines [C] equals [D] modifies8. [A] in essence [B] in contrast [C] in turn [D] in part9. [A] complicated [B] conservative [C] variable [D] straightforward10. [A] so [B] while [C] since [D] unless11. [A] shape [B] spirit [C] balance [D] taste12. [A] start [B] quality [C] retire [D] stay13. [A] strange [B] changeable [C] normal [D] constant14. [A] option [B] reason [C] opportunity [D] tendency15. [A] employed [B] pictured [C] imitated [D] monitored16. [A] computed [B] combined [C] settled [D] associated17. [A] Even [B] Still [C] Yet [D] Only18. [A] despised [B] corrected [C] ignored [D] grounded19. [A] discussions [B] businesses [C] policies [D] studies20. [A] for [B] against [C] with [D] withoutSectionⅠUse of English文章分析本文是一篇关于肥胖与健康关系新说法的议论文。
2014考研英语（二）真题答案及解析
Section I Use of English 1、【答案】B concluded 【解析】题⼲中，⼀系列的研究已经_____，事实上，正常体重的⼈的患病风险要⾼于超重的⼈。
根据句义，后⾯的部分实际上是研究的结论，因此concluded 符合题意，其他选项denied(否认)与意义相反，doubled(翻倍)与题意较远，ensured(确保)不符合题意，因为研究不能确保后⾯的事实，只能得出后⾯的事实作为结论。
所以正确答案为B。
2、【答案】A protective 【解析】题⼲中，对于某些健康情况，超重事实上是有_____。
根据前⽂研究的结论，超重能减少罹患疾病的风险，说明超重具有⼀定的保护作⽤。
Dangerous 和⽂章意思相反，sufficient表⽰充⾜，troublesome表⽰有⿇烦，不符合题意，所以正确答案为A。
3、【答案】C likewise 【解析】第三句话中，较重的⼥⼈患缺钙的⽐例低于较瘦的⼥⼈。
_____，在⽼年⼈中，⼀定程度上超重……。
需要填⼊的是和前半句表⽰顺接的词语。
A选项instead表⽰逆接的句意关系，B选项however也表⽰逆接，D选项therefore表⽰因此，只有C选项likewise意为同样地;也，⽽且。
因此正确答案为C。
4、【答案】A indicator 【解析】本句话中，_____，⼀定程度上超重，经常是健康的_____。
A选项，表⽰指⽰器，指标。
B选项objective表⽰客观;C选项origin表⽰来源，D选项example表⽰例⼦。
根据前⾯的⽂章内容，已经明确指出超重代表了健康，因此超重是健康的指标。
因此正确答案为A。
5、【答案】D concern 【解析】本句话的句意是，需要更加_____是，很难对肥胖加以定义。
A、impact(印象);B、relevance(相关性);C、assistance(辅助);D、concern(关注)。
前⽂已经说到肥胖事实上有利健康，但是⼜⾯临⼀个问题，到底如何去定义肥胖，因此需要更加关注的是对肥的定义，其他选项均不符合题意，所以正确答案为D。
2014年考研英语二真题答案及解析
2014年全国硕士研究生招生考试英语(二)答案详解SectionⅠUse of English文章分析本文是一篇关于肥胖与健康关系新说法的议论文。
第一段引出作者对身材的看法：并不是越瘦就证明人越健康。
第二段中作者介绍了一种定义肥胖症的指标BMI。
第三段中作者指出BMI其实揭示的是人体的脂肪量，并不是说明身材好坏的指数。
第四段中讲述了整个社会其实会给肥胖者贴上消极标签，无论是在电视节目中还是在孩子们的心目中，胖人的形象总是与消极联系起来。
最后一段讲述了人们以健康的角度去考虑肥胖的影响，和已经采取的一些对抗肥胖的种种策略。
试题解析Thinner isn't always better.A number of studies have__1__that normalweight people are in fact at higher risk of some diseases compared to those who are overweight.And there are healthy conditions for which being overweight is actually__2__.For example,heavierwomen are less likely to develop calcium deficiency than thin women.__3__, among the elderly,being somewhat overweight is often an__4__of good health.【译文】太瘦也不总是好事。
一些研究已经得出结论：正常体重的人实际上比一些超重的人更容易患上某些疾病。
有些肥胖对健康还有保护作用。
例如稍微超重的女性跟消瘦的女性相比，不易受到钙质缺乏的影响。
同样的，在老年人中，一定程度上超重是身体健康的标志。
1.[A]denied否认[B]concluded得出结论[C]doubled两倍，加倍努力[D]ensured确保【答案】B【考点】词义辨析【直击答案】空格所在句意为“一系列的研究已经________，事实上，正常体重的人患病风险要高于超重的人”。
2014年考研英语试题超详解
主题
中年人记忆力衰退 以及通过大脑训练
题材
体裁
自然科学
议论文
释：大脑训练如何让人明显更聪明》 ） 来改善
文章主线
2014 年的完形文章是一篇典型的科研类文章，这类文章具有明确的学术观点和主线，而且
往往在文章开头直接给出。如本文的首段首句：As many people hit middle age, they often start to notice that their memory and mental clarity are not what they used to be.（许多人一步入中年，往往就开始注意到自己的记忆力和 头脑的清晰度不如从前了。 ）据此即可把握文章的主旨：探讨人到中年常出现的记忆力衰退和头脑清晰度降 低的问题。
支持
句 段 首
② 述 至 第 四段
首段句②至句④：具体论述人到中年记忆力衰退的现象。
分
第二段：论述神经科学家找到了改善这种状况的方法——大脑训练。 第三段：介绍一家网络公司开发了首个大脑训练程序。 第四段：继续说明这家网络公司的大脑训练程序如何起到改善作用。
①许多人一步入中年，往往就开始注意 到自己的记忆力和头脑清晰度不如从前 了。②我们会突然想不起来刚刚把钥匙 放在哪里了，记不起某位老熟人的名字 或自己曾经喜欢的某个老乐队的名字。 ③当大脑衰退的时候，我们把这些现象 称为“老糊涂” 。④尽管这看起来并无大 碍，但这种注意力不集中会给我们的职 业、社交和个人福祉带来潜在的危害。
错项排除
项也不正确。 3. [A] If 如果 [C] Once 一旦
选项 [A] improves（改善；提高）和 [C] recovers（恢复）与主线倾向是对立的，可
2014年全国研究生考试英语二真题及详细答案
2014年全国硕士研究生入学统一考试英语(二)试题Section I Use of EnglishDirections:Read the following text. Choose the best word(s) for each numbered blank and mark A, B, C or D on ANSWER SHEET. (10 points)Thinner isn’t always better. A number of studies have __1___ thatnormal-weight people are in fact at higher risk of some diseases compared to those who are overweight. And there are health conditions for which being overweight is actually ___2___. For example, heavier women are less likely to develop calcium deficiency than thin women. ___3___ among the elderly, being somewhat overweight is often an ___4___ of good health。
Of even greater ___5___ is the fact that obesity turns out to be very difficult to define. It is often defined ___6___ body mass index, or BMI. BMI ___7__ body mass divided by the square of height. An adult with a BMI of 18 to 25 is often considered to be normal weight. Between 25 and 30 is overweight. And over 30 is considered obese. Obesity, ___8___,can be divided into moderately obese, severely obese, and very severely obese。