新时代交互英语读写译4课文翻译1、2、3
新时代交互英语（第四版）读写译4课本翻译答案（部分）
新时代交互英语（第四版）读写译4课本翻译答案（部分）第一单元：1. nothing new2. abolish the practice.3. is concerned about4. adapt himself to5. so that I wrote a book about it6. isn't driven by poverty alone but by habit as well7. are freshmen permitted8. In the long run第二单元：1. he points to the people who spurred him on2. applied to transfer to3. hanging around the chemistry lab with "three or four friends"4. but watch out for those wires第三单元：1. When you compare students of equivalent intellectual aptitude and past academic achievements, what sets them apart is hope.2. By contrast, the loss of hope is turning out to be a stronger sign that a person may commit suicide than other factors long thought to be more likely risks.3. It then measures the idea of willpower, through such questions as whether people feel they have been fairly successful in life or usually pursue goals with great energy.4. Those low in hope tend to become fixated on one goal and persist even when they find themselves blocked... They just stay at it and get frustrated.第四单元：1. As 1999 drew to a close, two weeks of continuous rain drummed down the sides of the Avila Mountains in northern Venezuela.2. The soil was so saturated that landslides and mudflows slid down the mountain, washing away towns, dams, and bridges and claiming thousands of lives.3. By far, most of the victims---about ninety-eight percent---were in the poorest nations.4. By contrast, industrialized nations incorporate weather predictions into their emergency preparedness efforts.5. Every nation would benefit from more systematic studies and observations of weather phenomena.第五单元：1. He becomes more appreciative of the meaning of life and its permanent spiritual values.2. In spring I touch the branches of trees hopefully in search of a bud, the first sign of awakening Nature after her winter’s sleep.3. And while I am imagining, suppose you, too, set your mind to work on the problem of how you would use your own eyes if you had only three more days to see.4. If with the oncoming darkness of the third night you knew that the sun would never rise for you again, what would you most want to let your gaze rest upon?5. Your eyes would touch and embrace every object that came within your range of vision.第六单元：1. take into account that Americans read text from left to right2. insists on preserving some of her Korean art concepts3. could be adapted slightly4. which are heavy with Western graphic notions Or: and they are heavy with Werstern graphic nitions1. 我遇到许多巨大的挑战，使我不得不为了保持自己的东方身份奋力挣扎。
新时代交互英语(第四版)读写译4 课本翻译答案(部分)
第一单元：1. nothing new2. abolish the practice.3. is concerned about4. adapt himself to5. so that I wrote a book about it6. isn't driven by poverty alone but by habit as well7. are freshmen permitted8. In the long run第二单元：1. he points to the people who spurred him on2. applied to transfer to3. hanging around the chemistry lab with "three or four friends"4. but watch out for those wires第三单元：1. When you compare students of equivalent intellectual aptitude and past academic achievements, what sets them apart is hope.2. By contrast, the loss of hope is turning out to be a stronger sign that a person may commit suicide than other factors long thought to be more likely risks.3. It then measures the idea of willpower, through such questions as whether people feel they have been fairly successful in life or usually pursue goals with great energy.4. Those low in hope tend to become fixated on one goal and persist even when they find themselves blocked... They just stay at it and get frustrated.第四单元：1. As 1999 drew to a close, two weeks of continuous rain drummed down the sides of the Avila Mountains in northern Venezuela.2. The soil was so saturated that landslides and mudflows slid down the mountain, washing away towns, dams, and bridges and claiming thousands of lives.3. By far, most of the victims---about ninety-eight percent---were in the poorest nations.4. By contrast, industrialized nations incorporate weather predictions into their emergency preparedness efforts.5. Every nation would benefit from more systematic studies and observations of weather phenomena.第五单元：1. He becomes more appreciative of the meaning of life and its permanent spiritual values.2. In spring I touch the branches of trees hopefully in search of a bud, the first sign of awakening Nature after her winter’s sleep.3. And while I am imagining, suppose you, too, set your mind to work on the problem of how you would use your own eyes if you had only three more days to see.4. If with the oncoming darkness of the third night you knew that the sun would never rise for you again, what would you most want to let your gaze rest upon?5. Your eyes would touch and embrace every object that came within your range of vision.第六单元：1. take into account that Americans read text from left to right2. insists on preserving some of her Korean art concepts3. could be adapted slightly4. which are heavy with Western graphic notions Or: and they are heavy with Werstern graphic nitions1. 我遇到许多巨大的挑战，使我不得不为了保持自己的东方身份奋力挣扎。
英语读写译4课文翻译[整理版]
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英语读写译4课文翻译第二版新视野大学英语读写教程第四册课文翻译Unit 1 text A名气之尾艺术家追求成名，如同狗自逐其尾，一旦追到手，除了继续追逐不知还能做些什么。
成功之残酷正在于它常常让那些追逐成功者自寻毁灭。
对一名正努力追求成功并刚刚崭露头角的艺术家，其亲朋常常会建议“正经的饭碗不能丢！”他们的担心不无道理。
追求出人头地，最乐观地说也困难重重，许多人到最后即使不是穷困潦倒，也是几近精神崩溃。
尽管如此，希望赢得追星族追捧和同行赞扬之类的不太纯洁的动机却在激励着他们向前。
享受成功的无上光荣，这种诱惑不是能轻易抵挡的。
成名者之所以成名，大多是因为发挥了自己在歌唱、舞蹈、绘画或写作等方面的特长，并能形成自己的风格。
为了能迅速走红，代理人会极力吹捧他们这种风格。
他们青云直上的过程让人看不清楚。
他们究竟是怎么成功的，大多数人也都说不上来。
尽管如此，艺术家仍然不能闲下来。
若表演者、画家或作家感到无聊，他们的作品就难以继续保持以前的吸引力，也就难以保持公众的注意力。
公众的热情消磨以后，就会去追捧下一个走红的人。
有些艺术家为了不落伍，会对他们的写作、跳舞或唱歌的风格稍加变动，但这将冒极大的失宠的危险。
公众对于他们藉以成名的艺术风格以外的任何形式都将不屑一顾。
知名作家的文风一眼就能看出来，如田纳西?威廉斯的戏剧、欧内斯特?海明威的情节安排、罗伯特?弗罗斯特或 T.S.艾略特的诗歌等。
同样，像莫奈、雷诺阿、达利这样的画家，希区柯克、费里尼、斯皮尔伯格、陈凯歌或张艺谋这样的电影制作人也是如此。
他们鲜明独特的艺术风格标志着与别人不同的艺术形式上的重大变革，这让他们名利双收，但也让他们付出了代价，那就是失去了用其他风格或形式表现自我的自由。
名气这盏聚光灯可比热带丛林还要炙热。
骗局很快会被揭穿，过多的关注带来的压力会让大多数人难以承受。
它让你失去自我。
你必须是公众认可的那个你，而不是真实的你或是可能的你。
艺人，就像政客一样，必须常常说些违心或连自己都不完全相信的话来取悦听众。
新时代交互英语读写译1-4中国文化部分翻译全集
Book 11 中国龙对龙图腾的崇拜在中国大约已绵延了八千多年。
中国龙是古人将鱼、蛇、马、牛等动物与云雾、雷电等自然天象集合而成的一种神物。
中国龙的形成与中华民族的多元融合过程同步。
在中国人的心目中，龙具有振奋腾飞、开拓变化的寓意和团结凝聚的精神。
Chinese DragonDragon totem worship in China has been around for the last 8,000 year. The ancients in China considered the dragon (or long) a fetish that combines animals including the fish, snake, horse and ox with cloud, thunder, lightning and other natural celestial phenomena. The Chinese dragon was formed in accordance with the multicultural fusion process of the Chinese nation. To the Chinese, the dragon signifies innovation and cohesion.2 饺子饺子是深受中国人民喜爱的传统特色食品。
相处为古代医圣张仲景发明。
饺子的制作是包括：1）擀皮、2）备馅、3）包馅水煮三个步骤。
其特点是皮薄馅嫩，味道鲜美，形状独特，百食不厌。
民间有“好吃不过饺子”的俗语。
中国人接亲待友、逢年过节都有包饺子吃的习俗，寓意吉利。
对崇尚亲情的中国人来讲，“更岁饺子”吃饺子，更是欢度除夕、辞旧迎新必不可少的内容。
DumplingsDumplings are one of the Chinese people’s favorite traditional dishes. According to an ancient Chinese legend, dumplings were first made by the medical saint- Zhang zhongjing. There are three steps involved in making dumplings: 1) make dumpling wrappers out of dumpling flour; 2) prepare the dumpling stuffing; 3) make dumplings and boil them. With thin and elastic dough skin, fresh and tender stuffing, delicious taste, and unique shapes, dumplings are worth eating hundreds of times. There’s an old saying that claims, “Nothing could be more delicious than dumplings.” During the Spring Festival and other holidays, or when treating relatives and friends, Chinese people like to follow the auspicious custom of eating dumplings. To Chinese people who show high reverence for family love, having dumplings at the moment the old year is replaced by the new is an essential part of bidding farewell to the old and ushering in the new year.3 针灸针灸是中医学的重要组成部分。
新版新视野大学英语读写教程第四册课文翻译(完整版)
由于其坚实的数学和科学教育基础，它应该在信息时代有繁荣的发展。
问题是，它的国内电话系统是一堆生锈的20世纪30年代的老古董。
为了解决这一问题，俄罗斯已经开始铺设光纤电缆，并制定了投入400亿美元建设多项通信工程的战略计划。
但是由于其经济陷于低迷，几乎没有资金来着手解决最基本的问题。
与俄罗斯相比，在未来10年中，中国大陆计划对通信设备投入1,000亿美元。
从某种意义上说，中国的落后成了一种有利因素，因为这一发展正好发生在新技术比铜线电缆系统更便宜的时候。
到1995年底，中国除了拉萨以外的省会都将有数字转换器和高容量的光纤网，这意味着其主要城市正在具备必需的基础设施，成为信息高速公路的主要部分，使人们能够进入系统，获得最先进的服务。
电信工程也是上海实现其成为一流的金融中心这一梦想的关键。
为了能给国际投资者提供其所期望的电子数据和无纸化交易方面的出色服务，上海计划建设与曼哈顿同样强大的电信网络。
与此同时，匈牙利也希望跃入现代世界。
目前，有70万匈牙利人等着装电话。
为了部分地解决资金问题，加速引进西方技术，匈牙利将国有电话公司30%的股份出售给了两家西方公司。
为进一步减少电话待装户，匈牙利已将权利出租给一家荷兰－斯堪的纳维亚企业集团，来建造并经营一个据说位居世界先进行列的数字移动电话系统。
事实上，无线方式是在发展中国家快速建设电话系统的最受欢迎的方式之一。
建造无线电发射塔要比翻山越岭架设线路更便宜。
而且，急切盼望可靠服务的企业乐于花费可观的高价来换取无线电话服务──其资费通常是固定线路电话资费的二至四倍。
整个拉丁美洲对无线通信的需求和使用已急速增长。
对于无线电话服务商来说，没有任何地方的业务比拉丁美洲更好了──在那里有一个营运点就好像有一堆无穷无尽供你使用的钞票。
在四个无线电话市场有营运点的贝尔南方电话公司估计，来自于其每个客户的平均年收入均为2,000美元，而在美国仅为860美元。
产生这种情况的部分原因是拉丁美洲客户的通话时间是北美洲客户的二至四倍。
新时代交互英语读写译4课文翻译1、2、3
Unit 1移民的挑战人们远离家乡侨居国外的原因很多。
对有些人来说，是出于经济上的考虑。
他们觉得在别的地方会有更多赚钱机会。
对另一些人来说，是出于冒险，想尝试别样的生活。
还有一些人移居国外是因为他们认为那儿的价值观与他们的理想比较吻合。
那些出于经济原因移民的人常被误导。
他们可能听说过无数发财致富的故事，但事实绝非如此简单。
要果真如此，他们要去的那个国家的人早就赚了上百万了。
移民到国外的人通常要辛苦工作，可能要比在本国辛苦得多。
有时候，人们对该不该移民基本没有多少主动权。
例如在爱尔兰饥荒期间，数百万的爱尔兰人把移民看成是去国外（生存）还是在家里等死的选择。
大部分人一路艰辛，冒着危险来到美国，干着最脏的活，拿着比其他美国人低得多的工资。
移民遭受的此类歧视和亏待在历史上早已司空见惯了。
而且，许多移民发现他们手艺不被认可。
许多越南或巴基斯坦的医生、律师、工程师发现一旦离开祖国，他们的资历就一钱不值。
他们达不到移民国家设定的标准。
结果，他们就干起了打扫办公室地板、晚上守夜值班的活。
而他们在移民前有可能就是在这样的办公室工作。
这种二等公民的感觉既屈辱又让人压抑。
还有一些人可能发现他们的语言能力使得他们既不好找工作又不被社会认可。
那些出于冒险而移居国外的人不在乎这一点，但学一门新的语言要占用他们为过上好生活而挣钱的时间。
我们常常见到，移居到多元文化国家里的移民们找不到自己的位置，而最终总是在自己老乡圈里活动，并为充分抓住新的机会。
人们可能因为不喜欢自己国家的条件而决定离开。
在美国对越作战期间，数以万计的美国年轻人离开美国去加拿大，以逃避去为一场毫无意义的战争当炮灰。
这些人与他们的朋友、家人切断联系，不能回归祖国。
人们移民总是期望为孩子们营造更好的将来，过上更好的生活。
但情形往往是父母做出的牺牲并没有得到子女的回报，因为他们在父母的娇宠中长大成人，不懂得惜哺双亲。
但是，人们仍然克服重重困难移民，尤其是去那些经济增长快的国家，如澳大利亚、加拿大和美国。
新世代交互英语 读写译U4
Unit Four Not Child’s Play1. Learning ObjectivesIn this unit, you will learn how to:•distinguish between facts and opinions•locate the argument that the writer is making•write business letters (to be learnt by yourself)•understand the appropriate types of address required in business letters (to be learnt by yourself) •translate advertisements (to be learnt by yourself)•read newspapers and magazines (to be learnt by yourself)2. Important Words & Expressions1) Choose one word from word pool below to complete every sentence best:equivalent arbitrary creep compel applaud①Alangir says he _____________ the international attention showered on the children of hiscommunity.②As light ____________ into the sky, his eyes scour the heaps of garbage, zeroing in on the recyclabletreasures.③Here, reality has long ____________ children to earn, even when parents aspirefor their youngsters to be schooled.④The Nike product has become synonymous with slave wages, forced overtime,and ____________ abuse.⑤Nike’s overseas workers need to make the ____________ of at least $3 a dayto cover their basic food, shelter, and clothing needs.2)The following phrases and sentence patterns are closely related to the topic of Child Labour. Please translate:He would toughen the health and safety standards in the factories, to bring them in line with standards in the United States.He would crack down on the use of child labor.There is both merit and a lot of smoke in Knight’s initiati ve.Many workers at plants turning out shoes for Nike and other international companies spend their days inhaling dangerous fumes.its overseas workers make wretched, below-subsistence wages.It’s not the minimum age that needs raising, it’s the minimum w age.well below the subsistence levels in those countriesThe Nike product has become synonymous with slave wages, forced overtime, and arbitrary abuse.Deeply impoverished workers were willing, even eager, to take their places on assembly lines and work for next to nothing.found herself demoted from team leader on an assembly line to cleaning the factory’s toiletsto reshape its public imagekeeps a sharp eye onrises with the crows and goes foraging in the city’s trash dumpshis eyes scour the heaps of garbage, zeroing in on the recyclable treasuresChild labor is nothing new to India. It has long been illegal, and there have been several efforts by the government to abolish the practice.armed with a multimillion dollar grant from the German government, has been trying to coax kids like Mohammed out of the labor pool and into schoolBy comparison, one in five children in Africa work, representing 17 percent of the region’s work force.Some children’s advocates in India, argue that kids will be relieved fr om work only if their families can make a decent living without them.Reality has long compelled children to earn, even when parents aspire for their youngsters to be schooled.One way out, would be to offer these families loans to start small businesses.We don’t want to give monetary incentives, arguing that child labor isn’t driven by poverty alone but by habit as well.In the long run, this sacrifice they make will be offset by the long-term returns that a child who has gone to school fetches.He applauds the international attention showered on the children of his community. But, neither moral outrage nor foreign funds for schools and clinics can abolish child labor unless there are some fundamental changes in the Indian economy.We have to wean ourselves from it slowly. The issue of child labor was never on the agenda.3. Text Structure and Analysis1) Warming up questions:•What aspect of child labour is addressed in Reading 1?•And how is it illustrated?2) Text analysisPart Ⅰ: Paras. 3 – 5Background: Philip Knight, Nike’s chairman and chief executive,made the announcement to improve the conditions in its overseas factories.While the author’s attitude and comment toward it: ( satirical and negative)“ … not be too quick to canonize Nike.”“ … both merit and a lot of smoke in Knight’s initiative.”Part Ⅱ: Paras. 3 – 5Main idea: If Knight keeps his promise, there would be a great advance in health and safetystandards of child labourers, and a big decrease in child labours.The author described the promisewith 2 subjunctive mood sentences: “ … would be a great advance.” (S1,Para. 3)“ … would bring …” (S1,Para. 4)as “ … are likely to ...” (S2,Para. 3)“ a smokescreen.” (S2,Para. 5)So, It won’t be a true promise.Part Ⅲ: Paras. 6 – 8Main idea: The biggest problem with Nike is that its overseas workers make wretched, below-subsistence wage.In this part, the author fired a direct attack on Nike’s problem. Look at all the blaming words: “You have to keep a close eye on him at all times. (S2,Para. 6)“It’s not the minimum age, … it’s the minimum wage.” (S4,Para. 6)“No wonder Knight has billions.” (S1,Para. 7)“ Nike hasn’t been listening.” (S3,Para. 8)Part Ⅳ: Paras. 9 – 11Main idea: The Nike’s current strategy is to reshape its public image while doing as little as possible for the workers.This part is to expose Nike’s real purpose of trumpeting by contrasting a recent pay increase said by Nike with what its Indonesian workers actually receive.A rhetorical question adds power to revelation:●“ Does anyone think it was an accident that ...?” (S2,Para. 11)Part Ⅴ: Paras. 12 – 14Main idea: Nguyen, a Vietnamese worker, revealed the application of corporal punishment in the factories and other working conditions, and correspondingly was forced to resign.A real person’s example is given to show Nike’s abuse.Part Ⅵ: Paras. 3 – 5Conclusion: Though Nike’s efforts to reshape image, it is true that its working condition needs to be improved.4. Distinguish Between Facts and Opinions1)Facts are often communicated as simple statements.e.g. In Indonesia, the pay is less than $1 a day. (S6, Para. 6, Reading 1)2) A statement of opinion can be presented as a fact if it is backed up by evidence to support it.Advertisements sometimes use this technique. It is up to the reader or listener to assess how well founded the evidence is.3) When a fact is obviously debatable, the statement will sometimes include “safety clauses”such as“possibly” or “probably”.e.g. If Knight follows through in good faith on this promise, the working conditions in the factoriesare likely to improve …(S2, Para. 3, Reading 1)4) Where an opinion or viewpoint is not deliberately presented as a fact, there are clues to look out for.The use of conditionals (could, might, would) and signals of opinion (believe, opinion, think) are indicators that an opinion is being offered.e.g. Three dollars a day for Indonesia, China, and Vietnam would still be a tiny sum …(S2, Para. 8, Reading 1)5) There are quotes from statements made by people who were respected as authorities in their fields.They were made at times when all the information they had led people to believe that the statements were factually correct. Even some statements made by experts have been proved to be wrong, especially in science and technology when developments change what we know over time.6) In order to decide whether or not information might be biased towards one particular viewpoint, wewill also need to take account of the context in which the information is provided: for example, whether it is there to advertise, publicise or entertain, or merely to inform.7) Fact or opinion?①He announced that he independent organizations would be allowed to inspect the overseas factoriesthat make his company’s products, that he would toughen th e health and safety standards in the factories, … (S1, Para.2, Reading 1)②Even with the increase, the workers are making less than $1 a day. (S3, Para.9, Reading 1)③She said, that made her feel ashamed. (S3, Para.13, Reading 1)④Agency officials, however, have suggested that Alangir’s group seek that kind of funding elsewhere.(S1, Para.23, Reading 2)⑤India became the first country to sign on to the agency’s International Programmeon the Elimination of Child Labour two and a half years ago. (S1, Para.9, Reading 2)⑥Over the next three years, agency officials say they hope to relieve 30,000 kids from the labor poolby …(S1, Para.24, Reading 2)⑦On a good day, Mohammed, a spindly boy bursting with energy, brings home 15 rupees-acontribution vital to sustaining his family’s threadbare existence. (S2, Para.2, Reading 2)5. Locate the Argument that the Writer is MakingIn an argumentative essay you give your own opinion and then try to convince other people you are right with your reasons and examples.Before beginning to write an argumentative essay think about your own opinion and ask yourself:Do you have a strong opinion?What have other people said on the subject and do you think they are right?Is there any other evidence you can think of to support your views?To write an argumentative essay, use the following steps to help you:①Begin by introducing the debate topic in your own words. (Background)②Then write if you agree or disagree with the argument. (Plea)③Tell people why you hold that opinion and come up with ideas and examples to back up yourarguments. Most important ideas first and links between each idea so that the essay flowswell.④Think about why people might have a different opinion (objections) and try to show why theyare not important or they are not true. (Concession)⑤Conclude with a brief summary and try to make a strong last sentence that people willremember. For example Oprah Winfrey famously wr ote,“ I believe the choice to be excellentbegins with aligning (对准) your thoughts and words with the intention to require more fromyourself." The rest of the article maybe forgotten, but that strong sentence is remembered.7. Elements of Argument in Reading 1:Background：Nike tries to generate a lot of positive press.Plea：The positive press is a smokescreen. Nike needs to raise workers’ minimum wage, not minimum age.Concession: If Nike keeps his promise, there would be a great advance.8. Argumentative Writing PracticeIt is better for children to grow up in the countryside than in a big city.Do you agree or disagree? Use specific reasons and examples to develop your essay.Background: _______________________________________________________________________ ________________________________________________________________________________.Plea: _____________________________________________________________________________ ________________________________________________________________________________.Concession: ________________________________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________________________________.Conclusion: ________________________________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________________________________.9. Write Business LettersRead pp.83-85 for a general idea about how to write a business letters.10. Translate AdvertisementsRead pp.86-88 for some concerning translation strategy.11.Self-AssessmentNow please take some time to check your own preparation and progress. On a scale of 1 to 3, where 1 means “not at all”, 2 means “moderately well”,and 3 means “very well”, rate how well you mastered the goals of this unitGOALS LEVEL YOU MASTERED Identify and understand different purposes for reading 1 2 3Figure out the author’s attitude 1 2 3Get organized for classes 1 2 3Organize a study group 1 2 3Describe a chart 1 2 3Translate computer documents 1 2 3Your own goals 1 2 3。
新时代交互英语视听说4对话原文
新时代交互英语视听说对话原文第四册Unit 1Script 1Talia: It's all so incredible, Mom. I’m working on a story about one of the national soccer players, Nick Crawford… No, that's the thing. He knows that one of his teammates has framed him. And I believe he's innocent.Talia: Look, Mom, I have to go. I’II call you tomorrow, OK? Bye. Yes, yes, me, too. Bye．Nick：Hi．I came as soon as I could．What’s up?Talia：I’ve been thinking about this all day…. Now tell me, again：When and how did you meet this Jackie Baker woman?Nick：I’ve already told you．She came up to me at the juice bar．We set up a meeting．Talia：Right．At her office．Except you never went up to her office．Nick：Right, so she meets me in the lobby, we shake hands , and she takes me to lunch．Talia：Yes, to a little place around the corner, as I recaII.Nick：Right. And then she asks me to endorse a new pair of shoes.Talia：Yeah. You told me they’re called Kicks.Nick：Right. And she explains that I’ll have to wear the shoes when I play. And the company will use my name in the ads.Talia：OK. Can you think of anything else?Nick：Well, we did talk about an idea for a Kicks commercial．Talia：A commercial? What commercial?Nick：I told you about that, didn’t l? They wanted me to be in a commercial．Script 2Talia：Hang on a second. You never said anything about a commercial. I wanna hear more about this. Don’t leave out any details. This could be important．Nick：OK. So, over lunch she describes the deal…Jackie：So，you’ll wear our shoes when you play. And we’ll use your name in ads. Do that and fifty thousand dollars is yours.Nick：Sounds good. And this will be sometime next year?Jackie：Uh, yeah, that’s right. We can work out the details later for this, but we’ll probably want you to appear in a commercial.iNick：Cool!Jackie：In fact. I'm working on an idea for a commercial right now. Do you wanna hear about it?Nick：Sure.Jackie：OK. Picture this. You’re sitting in a park. On a bench. It’s a beautiful spring day.Nick：So far, So good.Jackie：OK. A young kid comes up to you and says, “Hey! Aren’t you Nick Crawford, the soccer star?”Nick：Uh—huh.Jackie：And you say, “That’s me. ”Or something like that．Nick：Right．Jackie：And then the kid says, “Wow! Cool shoes! What are they?”And you say, “Kicks. What else?”Nick：That’s it?Jackie：That’s it.Nick：So, all I have to do is sit on the bench…and talk to a kid?Jackie：That’s all you have to do.Talia：That’s what I thought! This Jackie person recorded your conversation over lunch. Then she edited the tape. So it sounds like you’re accepting a bribe. Nick：Oh. wow!Unit 2Script 1Talia: Tony, I need to see you. I have to bring you up to date on the Nick Crawford story.Tony: Come in. What's going on?Talia: I just spoke to Nick. He was tricked. The tape was edited. He didn't take a bribe. It just sounds that way.Tony: Well, what does your audio expert say?Talia: I forgot to tell you. It's definitely Nick's voice. And he said the tape was definitely edited.Tony: But I don't get it. Who's behind this?Talia: One of Nick's teammates, Dean Bishop. He resents being in Nick's shadow. He wants to be the only star on the team.Tony: Of course! The bottom line is ... being the star is worth a lot of money in endorsements.Talia: Still. I can't imagine...Tony: OK. So, now, what's your plan?Talia: I have an idea. I need some help from Amy.Tony: Fine. You can have another day on this and we won't run the story yet. But one more thing, T alia, I hope you're not emotionally involved in this story. Talia: Me? Emotionally involved?Tony: I know you want to clear Nick's name. But if you want to have a career in journalism, you have to remember to stay objective.Script 2Patty: Hi there. What can I get for you?Amy: How about a large iced tea?Patty: Coming right up.Amy: ... and a little information.Patty: What kind of information?Amy: I'm trying to get hold of someone named Jackie Bishop. I was told that she's a member of this club.Patty: Hmm. She used to be, but not anymore. She stopped coming here a while ago. Maybe a year ago, even.Amy: Oh. Too bad.Patty: Her brother Dean, the soccer player, works out here, though. I rememberseeing him yesterday, around lunchtime. Maybe you could speak to him.Amy: Actually, I'd rather avoid seeing him. It's a little complicated between him and me, if you know what I mean.Patty: Oh, I see. Well, here's an idea. I think Jackie's taking acting classes over at the university. Maybe you could catch up with her there.Amy: She's taking acting classes at the university?Patty: Mmm-hmm.Amy: Ah.... Yes, .... That's a great idea. Thanks for the tip.Patty : Oh, likewise! Thanks!Unit 3Script 1Amy: Talia, are you almost here?Talia: I’m about ten minutes away. Can you see her?A my: Yes. She’s sitting on a sofa. Hurry up. Classes start in about 20 minutes. Talia: Well, just go over to her and start a conversation. You’ve done your homework, haven’t you?Amy: My homework?Talia: I mean, have you found out What courses she’s tak ing, and everything? Amy: Oh, yeah. I can do a little acting myself, if that’s what you mean.Talia: So go act like a drama student, and go and talk to her. I’ll be right there. Amy: Excuse me. You’re in the drama program, right?Jackie: Yes! Oh, hi!Amy: Do you know if Professor Roberts is teaching this semester?Jackie: Yes, he is. He’s fabulous I’m in his improvisation class. In fact, it’s tonight.Amy: Oh, great.Jackie: I’ve been taking classes here for about a year and I think he’s been my best teacher.Amy: I know what you mean. He’s very …inspiring.Jackie: Yes, absolutely. I’ve become a much better actor since I started taking his classes…Amy: Yes, I’m sure you have.Script 2Amy: Oh, I’m Amy Lee, by the way.Jackie: Hi. Jackie Bish op. Well, that’s my real name. My stage name is Jackie Baker.Amy: So, do you have an agent?Jackie: As a matter of fact, I spoke to an agent last week. I just sent him a tape, and he thought it was incredible.Amy: I’m not surprised. You do seem… incre dible.Jackie: And my brother knows this film director. He’s going to introduce me to him.Amy: Oh, that’s great! Oh, wait, is your brother that soccer player…?Jackie: Dean Bishop! That’s right! He’s my elder brother. We just adore eachother! He’s a soccer star, and I’m going to be a movie star! Tonight he’s taking me out for a celebration.Amy: Tonight? Really? What are you celebrating?Jackie: Oh, just … this thing. Nothing really. Anyway, he’s taking me to this restaurant near here. Valentino’s. Have you ever eaten there?Amy: Um, no … I can’t aff…Jackie: I ate there once, and I saw Madonna.Amy: Wow!Jackie: Yes, can you believe it? It was so exciting!Amy: I guess you have to go to the right places.Jackie: Absolutely! I even booked the perfect table for people watching.Amy: I’m impressed. You really plan ahead. You’re amazing.Unit 4Script 1Talia: Amy! Great to see you again.Amy: You too. Uh, Jackie, this is T alia. T alia, this is Jackie.Jackie: Charmed. Charmed.Talia: Nice to meet you, too.Amy: Talia is a researcher at Newsline.Jackie: How exciting.Talia: Gee, you look so familiar.Jackie: Really? We might have seen each other around campus.Talia: I guess so. Or we may have been in a class together. I'm taking journalism classes.Jackie: No, it couldn't have been a class. I'm taking acting classes, like Amy. Talia: Oh, well. I'll probably think of it later.Jackie: Speaking of classes, I'd better run. I don't want to be late for Professor Roberts.Talia: Hold it. I think I remember where I've seen you.Jackie: Really?Talia: Yes. The Gower Building.Script 2Talia : Don't you work for a shoe company? Kicks Shoes?Jackie : I'm sorry, but you can't be serious.Talia : Oh, I can be quite serious.Jackie : Listen. I've got to go. It must be time for my class. See you, Amy.Amy: Yes. Bye, Jackie. It was great talking to you.Talia : So what did you find out?Amy: Listen to this. Jackie and Dean are going to Valentino's after her class tonight to celebrate. She's booked a special table.Talia : This is perfect. Great work. You should be proud of yourself.Amy : Thanks, but it was nothing. Piece of cake, in fact.Talia : OK, then. You call Valentino's and make a reservation for two.Amy: Oh, wow. Are we going to Valentino's?Talia : Oops ... no. I was planning on calling Nick.Amy: I see.Talia : Thanks for being understanding.Amy : After I call Valentino's, is there anything else you want me to do?Talia : Yes. I'm going to need your help. We have a lot to do in the next two hours. Unit 5Script 1Talia: Oh, thank goodness you got my message!Nick: Yeah. What’s going on?Talia: Don’t worry. I’m not trying to get you to take me out on a date. I’m trying to help you save your career.Nick: Oh, that. Yeah, right, I almost forgot.Talia: Be serious. I care about… I care about your future.Nick: So do I!Talia: Good—you wore a tie.Nick: Yeah, your message said, wear a tie and a jacket. You look nice, by the way. Talia: Thanks. So do you.Nick: What’s that?Talia: Here. You have to put these on.Nick: I’m sorry. Did I miss something here? Is it… is it Halloween? Are you really going to make me put these on?Talia: Yes. And that’s how you’re going to hear their conversation. There’s anearphone in the wig.Nick: Whose conversation?Talia: Jackie and Dean’s. They’re having dinner here. Let’s go inside.Script 2Talia: So, as I was saying, I have a feeling Dean and Jackie are going to talk about you as soon as they get here.Nick: Really?Talia: Yup. And all we have to do is record their conversation. We just need to plant this at their table.Nick: Brilliant! But wait… how will you know which table is theirs?Talia: You forget—I’m a researcher… I asked the maitred’. That’s their tab le over there. I’ll be right back.Nick: OK. I’ll watch for Jackie and Dean while you plant the mike.Talia: Good. Just cough or something to warn me if you see them.Nick: OK. Hurry up. [Nick coughs!]Talia: Whew! That was close... Here. Look at the menu. We should order.Nick: Right, though I’m not really hungry.Talia: Neither am I.Dean: One more.Nick: Don’t look now, but here comes Jackie.Unit 6Script 1Jackie: You are not going to believe what happened.Dean: I've been leaving messages for you all afternoon! Why haven't you called me back?Jackie: Sorry. I left my cell phone at home.Dean: All right, listen, we need to talk...Jackie: Dean, don't interrupt! This is serious. I was sitting in the Student Lounge at school when a woman came up to me and started a conversation. So...Dean: Wait. I have to tell you something important. We may have a slight problem here...Jackie: Dean! I told you not to interrupt!Dean: OK. I give up. What?Jackie: So this woman Amy Ask someone not to interrupt you and I were talking when a friend of hers showed up. Then, when Amy introduced us, her friend said I looked familiar.Dean: So?Jackie: So, then she asked me if I worked for Kicks Shoes!Dean: There is no Kicks Shoes.Jackie: I know that and you know that, but she doesn't know...Dean: How does she know about...Jackie: I'm scared, Dean. She works for Newsline.Dean: Newsline ?Jackie: Yes! What if she knows about what we did to Nick Crawford?Dean: Shh! Keep your voice down. What I've been trying to tell you is that Nick knows everything! He knows that I'm the one who's behind all this. And he even knows about you.Jackie: He knows about me? Oh, no! Look, this whole thing was your idea! Dean: Shh. I told you to keep it down. People are starting to look at us!Script 2Jackie: OK. I'll calm down. But, Dean, I'm worried. I could get into real trouble. Dean: You? Why, I'm the one who sent the phony tape to Newsline.Jackie: Yes, but I was the one who posed as the Kicks executive.Dean: Big deal.Jackie: What do you mean, big deal? I did a superb job. I helped you get Nick suspended!Dean: Yeah. Yeah. You're a great actress. I know.Jackie: Speaking of which, when are you going to introduce me to Byron Walters? Dean: Byron Walters?Jackie: Yes, that film director friend of yours? Remember? The director who's going to make me a star!!Dean: Oh, him...Jackie: You said to be patient, but this is getting ridiculous.Dean: Uh, I forgot to tell you. There is no Byron Walters. He quit the business. Jackie: But he was going to give me my big break, the break that's going to make me a star.Dean: Sorry, Jackie.Jackie: No, you're not. I don't think you're sorry at all now. But you will be! You tricked me, just like you tricked Nick Crawford. I don't have to stand for this.Unit 7Script 1Nick: I can’t believe it! They admitted everything.Talia: And we got it all on tape.Nick: How did you know they were going to talk about me?Talia: I saw Jack’s face when I m entioned Kicks shoes. I knew she would tell Dean about it as soon as she could.Nick: This is fantastic. I am so relieved. I was beginning to think it was all over for me.Talia: Are you ready to go? If we leave now, we’ll still be able to catch Tony. Nick: Look, T alia. The news has been on. There’s nothing we can do to change it…Talia: I guess you’re right.Nick: Why don’t you finish dinner?Talia; … But if we leave now, T ony will still be in the office.Nick: Look, T alia. This whole thing is abou t to be clear up. Why don’t we just take a little time now to enjoy ourselves?Talia: Of course. You’re right. Sorry, Nick. And besides, this is Valentino’s. And I am with a star!Nick: I have a confession to make.Talia: What? You have a confession to make? I thought this whole thing was over. Nick: No, no. It’s not about that. It’s about… .Talia: Us? Us, as in you and me.Nick: Yes. Do you remember that class we took together in college?Talia: Of course, I remember it. I remember it well.Nick: And do you remember when we were studying together in the library…Talia: You mean when we were studying for that Shakespeare exam?Nick: Well, I… uh… I wanted to ask you out.Talia: You did? Wow!... So why didn’t you?Nick: I’d heard y ou had a boyfriend.Talia: Oh, no! Well, I had a boyfriend, but we split up during that summer. In fact, we had split up by mid-semester.Nick: You are kidding. I didn’t know. Well, I guess I should’ve…Talia: I’m not seeing anyone now, though, you know.Nick: Well, then…Waiter: Tutto bene? Is everything all right? May I get you uh, un café? Te? Cappuccino?Talia: I’ll have a cappuccino.Nick: Two.Unit 8Talia: I’m too late, right? You already aired the story about Nick on the evening news?Tony: No, I decided not to. When I hadn’t heard from you, I decided to wait. Talia: Oh, gosh, what a relief. T ony: As a matter of fact, I was just going to call you. Talia: Well, I am so glad you waited, Tony.... Tah-dah!Tony: So that’s the tape?T alia: Yup. This is the tape that will get Nick’s name cleared.Tony: OK. Let’s hear it. I have a tape player here somewhere.Amy: So, tell me. T ell me.Talia: It was perfect. I got it all on tape. Jackie said that she had posed as a Kicks executive...Amy: No!Talia: Yes! And they both admitted that there was no Kicks!Amy: Get out of here!Talia: And Dean actually said that he had sent the tape to us.Amy: Unbelievable!Talia: Wait till you hear them. Hearing is believing!Tony: T alia, let me have the tape.Talia: Oh, sure. Here. Oh, this is so exciting.Script 2Talia: Here it is, the tape that will get Nick reinstated on the team. Just a minute. Imust not have rewound it... OK, now listen.... What’s going on? Is this tape player working?Tony: It’s been working just fine. In fact, I just had it cleaned last week.Amy: Try another tape and see if that works.Tony: Thanks, Amy. I was just about to try that.Amy: Did you check that the recording light was on?Talia: I was going to check it after I sat down but too much was going on. Tony: Did you press "play" and "record" together?Talia: I don’t know! I thought I did! The tape was mov ing.Tony: You probably just pressed "play".Talia: This is a disaster.Tony: Sorry, T alia. I’m afraid you’ve just learned a lesson the hard way. Amy: Poor Talia.Talia: Poor Nick! How am I going to tell him?Unit 9Script 1Nick: Here I am! Ready to celebrate.Talia: Didn’t you get my message?Nick: No! What’s wrong? Are you OK?Talia: Yeah ... No... Nick, I don’t know how to tell you...Nick: What are you talking about?Talia: The tape. I mean, there is no tape. I never recorded Jackie and D ean’sconversation.Nick: Yes, there is. I was there.Talia: No. I messed it up. I didn’t press the right buttons.Nick: Oh, no!Talia: I feel awful. If I had been more careful, we would have had the evidence! Nick: Wow! And we were supposed to be celebrating tonight.Talia: How stupid! I can’t believe I didn’t press the right buttons! I just wish I had been more careful.Nick: And I wish you would stop kicking yourselfTalia: Well, I’m supposed to be a profes sional! And I want to be a reporter! Script 2Talia: I wish I could go back and do it over.Nick: Well, you can’t. Take it from me. I’m an athlete. I know. You just have to forget what’s done and go on.Talia: You’re right. What’s done is done. Orin this case, what’s not done is done. Nick: Look, T alia, if you hadn’t done such a good job of covering the story, we never would have known the truth.Talia: How can you stay so positive?Nick: I don’t know. It’s just my nature.Talia: Well, I wish it were mine. I wish I were that optimistic. So, guess I’ll quit my job. Amy can take my place. She’ll be a good researcher.Nick: Talia, take it easy. You’re overreacting. Things really aren’t so bad.Talia: Yes, they are, Nick. They’re terrible. And the m ost terrible part of all of this is that I let you down.Nick: Have I ever told you about my grandmother?Talia: No, I don’t think so.Nick: Well, my grandmother is a very wise woman. She always told me to tell the truth. She always said the truth would win out.Unit 10Script 1Talia: So, what are you going to do now?Nick: I don’t know. Until you told me about the tape, I was expecting to rejoin the team tomorrow.Talia: I have an idea. How about this? What if I call your coach? Would he believe me if I told him about Dean and Jackie?Nick: It wouldn't matter if he believed you, T alia. I'm sorry, your word wouldn't be enoughTalia: Who is that?Jackie: Surprise!Talia: You?Jackie: I got your phone number from your friend, Amy. I was thinking about calling, but then I decided to just surprise you with a visit.Talia: Well, yes, this is a surprise.Jackie: It's amazing.How easily you can get people's addresses these days. Oh, hello,Nick! Remember me?Nick: I certainly do.Talia: What are you doing here?Jackie: Do you have a video camera?Talia: Yes.Jackie: Do you want a great story? One that will make us all really famous? Talia: What's the catch?Jackie: No catch. Just one small condition. If Nick agrees not to press charges against me, I'll tell the whole truth.Script 2Jackie: I am so excited. You're sure I look OK? Do you think I should have worn a different outfit?Talia: You look fine. Really.Jackie: I can't wait to see this when it's broadcast. I'm going to get national exposure!Talia: OK. I'm ready. I'm here with Jackie Bishop, sister of soccer player Dean Bishop. Jackie has decided to come forward. She is now going to tell us how she and her brother schemed to frame Nick Crawford, the soccer star. Jackie? Jackie: You have to understand. Dean and I had been planning this for a long time.I posed as the VP of marketing from this phony shoe company...Talia: Kicks.Jackie: Right. Kicks Shoes. Cute name, don't you think? Anyway, I knew Nickusually went to the juice bar at the health club, and I met him there.Talia: And then?Jackie: Then, posing as this woman from Kicks, I invited Nick to come to my office to discuss an endorsementTalia: And did he?Jackie: Well, I didn't really have an office, you know. So I met him in the Cower Building lobby and took him to lunch. I recorded the whole conversation. Dean took over from there. He doctored the tape to make it sound like Nick had accepted a bribe.Talia: Why did you decide to tell the truth now?Jackie: Dean promised to introduce me to some big shot movie director, and I believed him. Well, I just found out that Dean had been lying the whole time. Talia: I see.Jackie: Unbelievable! My own brother had been using me. If I had known, I would never have gone along with him. I should have known better. I should never have trusted him.Unit 11Script 1Nick: Dean! And Coach! You’re just the two people I wanted to see.Dean: Nick! Sorry, man, tough break. But you know what they say, “Don’t do the crime if you can’t do the time.”Nick: Dean, that’s the smartest thing I’ve ever heard you say.Coach: Nick, are you going to be OK?Nick: You bet! I’ve got something I want to show you both.Jackie: My brother heard that Nick had gotten rid of his agent. So I went and offered fifty thousand dollars to endorse a pair of shoes. I was very convincing, if I must say so myself. Anyway, N ick agreed and I got it all on tape. Of course, The tape had to be edited to make it sound like Nick was accepting a bribe, but Dean took care of that.Dean: That lying…Nick: Dean, I’d keep quiet if I were you. Jackie gave us hard evidence. It turns out my conversation with her was not the only one she recorded.Dean: This is crazy!Coach: I don’t know what to say. I’m so sorry You had to go through all of this. Nick: Thanks, Coach.Coach: Well, I think this is all over now. We’ll be starting practice in an hour –you’ll be there, right?Nick: Oh, sure! Bu t I might be late. There’s someone I have to go talk to. Script 2Amy: You must be very happy.Nick: I really am. My name has been cleared. I’m really relieved. This has been a nightmare!Tony: Now that the truth has come out, how about giving Newsline an exclusive interview?Nick: That depends.Tony: Depends on what?Nick: I will talk to Newsline as long as my favorite reporter gets to do the interview.Tony: Oh, you must mean T alia.Amy: Of course he does.Tony: Go ahead. Just remember… Don’tle t your emotions get in the way of your job.Nick: Just one more thing. Can we schedule the interview for later? I’ve got to go to soccer practice now.Tony: No problem. T alia will be waiting for you.Unit 12Script 1Announcer on TV: Glitter… the perfec t toothpaste for the perfect smile.Jackie on TV: Remember, all that glitters is not gold.Nick: Patty, could you turn the volume down a little?Patty: Oh, sure, Nick. It seems like yesterday when you were asking me to turn up the volume.Nick: Huh?Patty: You member! The day when you recognizedJackie Bishop on TV.Nick: Oh, yeah, that! In a way it does seem like just yesterday. But a lot has happened since then.Patty: Oh, I know. Like, now you can see Jackie Bishop on TV all the time! Nick: Yup, in that ridiculous toothpaste commercial. Well, I guess things have worked out for her.Patty: Seems so. And they’ve worked out OK for you, too, right? I mean, you did score the winning goal in the qualifying match.Nick: Yes, but unfortunately, we DIDN’T make it to the finals.Patty: No, but there’s always next time.Nick: That’s right, there’s always next time…Patty: Oh, you know who else I see on TV a lot now? That reporter who broke the story. What’s her name again? Talia something?Nick: Tali a Santos. Yeah, I heard she’s been working really hard. I haven’t had a chance to see her much lately. And now she’s going to be moving.Patty: It sounds like you need to speak with her.Nick: You’re right, Patty. I’ll see you later.Patty: Bye, Nick. Hey! Let me know how things turn out.Script 2Talia: Nick! Hi! I’ve been meaning to call you.Nick: Oh, hi. Well, Amy called me. She told me the news. She said she’s got your job as a researcher.Talia: That’s right. Isn’t it great?Nick: Yeah, yeah... she told me the news about you. When are you moving? Talia: Not until next week.Nick: Oh. Is there somewhere we can go for a few minutes?Talia: Sure. Here, come in here.Nick: So Amy told me you got an offer from Newsbeat. Where are they? Atlanta? Talia: No, Chicago.Nick: Right, Chicago. Anyway, she said they want you to start right away. Talia: True. But Nick, I…Nick: Wait, Talia. I have to tell you how I feel.Talia: OK. Go ahead. I’m listening.Nick: I know I haven’t been in touch, but it’s only because I didn’t want to get in the way. I know how important your career is to you.Talia: What are you talking about, Nick?Nick: What I’m trying to say is, I want to spend more time with you. I don’t want you to move.Talia: Good. Because this is where I’m moving.Nick: Huh?Talia: THIS, this is my new office. I turned Newsbeat down. Tony said he’d match their offer.Nick: So in other words... I just made a fool of myself.Talia: No. As usual, you were just being honest. It’s one of the qualities I like most about you.。
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Unit 1移民的挑战人们远离家乡侨居国外的原因很多。
对有些人来说，是出于经济上的考虑。
他们觉得在别的地方会有更多赚钱机会。
对另一些人来说，是出于冒险，想尝试别样的生活。
还有一些人移居国外是因为他们认为那儿的价值观与他们的理想比较吻合。
那些出于经济原因移民的人常被误导。
他们可能听说过无数发财致富的故事，但事实绝非如此简单。
要果真如此，他们要去的那个国家的人早就赚了上百万了。
移民到国外的人通常要辛苦工作，可能要比在本国辛苦得多。
有时候，人们对该不该移民基本没有多少主动权。
例如在爱尔兰饥荒期间，数百万的爱尔兰人把移民看成是去国外（生存）还是在家里等死的选择。
大部分人一路艰辛，冒着危险来到美国，干着最脏的活，拿着比其他美国人低得多的工资。
移民遭受的此类歧视和亏待在历史上早已司空见惯了。
而且，许多移民发现他们手艺不被认可。
许多越南或巴基斯坦的医生、律师、工程师发现一旦离开祖国，他们的资历就一钱不值。
他们达不到移民国家设定的标准。
结果，他们就干起了打扫办公室地板、晚上守夜值班的活。
而他们在移民前有可能就是在这样的办公室工作。
这种二等公民的感觉既屈辱又让人压抑。
还有一些人可能发现他们的语言能力使得他们既不好找工作又不被社会认可。
那些出于冒险而移居国外的人不在乎这一点，但学一门新的语言要占用他们为过上好生活而挣钱的时间。
我们常常见到，移居到多元文化国家里的移民们找不到自己的位置，而最终总是在自己老乡圈里活动，并为充分抓住新的机会。
人们可能因为不喜欢自己国家的条件而决定离开。
在美国对越作战期间，数以万计的美国年轻人离开美国去加拿大，以逃避去为一场毫无意义的战争当炮灰。
这些人与他们的朋友、家人切断联系，不能回归祖国。
人们移民总是期望为孩子们营造更好的将来，过上更好的生活。
但情形往往是父母做出的牺牲并没有得到子女的回报，因为他们在父母的娇宠中长大成人，不懂得惜哺双亲。
但是，人们仍然克服重重困难移民，尤其是去那些经济增长快的国家，如澳大利亚、加拿大和美国。
这些国家历史不长，但正是靠那些为逃避祖国的灾荒或战乱而背井离乡的一批批农民、工人和商人建设起来的。
其中少数的移民，通过一两代人的努力，实现了自己梦寐以求的飞黄腾达。
许多国家依然依靠移民从事体力劳动，同时需要移民带来新的观念和高科技。
例如印度软件编程员在世界各地都大受欢迎。
移民满怀希望在落户地开创新家园常常引起人们的担忧。
本地人担心新移民会抢走一部分工作，瓜分他们已有的财产。
但移民通常会创造新的财富，促进生产力，刺激消费。
同时，人们会因为彼此的价值观、理想和习俗不同而觉得陌生。
但这种情形会随着双方的调和而很快得到改观。
在大量印度人移民到英格兰初期，英国人觉得印度人的食物是那么的不同，与清淡的英国口味有天壤之别。
可是今天，印度食品卖得比英国传统食品——炸鱼和炸薯条还好，成为英国最受欢迎的食品。
不管一个人出于什么原因移民，他都会给新的国家带来比手艺和工作热情更重要的东西：勇气。
要离开熟知的环境去开始全新的生活，为自己和家人打拼崭新的将来，这需要何等的勇气！这种勇气对任何国家都是永恒的财富。
谁属于“第 1.5 代移民”？传统上，我们是按照移民家庭到美国的时间来划分移民的。
我们把新移民称为第一代，他们的孩子为第二代，孙辈们为第三代，依此类推。
这些分类虽然不无益处，但是把移民依此归类却并非易事。
并不是所有的第一代移民都拥有同样的经历。
他们来自不同的国家．拥有不同的背景。
第一代移民中的一大差异在于他们来时的年龄。
目前学者们认识到移民的经历差异很大，而这些差异取决于他们来到美国时的年龄。
有一些移民是成年后才来到美国的，他们已在各自的祖国完成了学业。
而另外不少人是在孩提或青少年时期随同他们的父母来到美国，甚域作为孤儿难民来到美国。
这些年轻的移民在他们的祖国刚刚开始人生和接受教育。
和成年移民一样，他们的生活经历包含着两种或更多种的文化和语言。
然而与成年移民不同的是，他们是在一个地方开始教育而在另一个新的国家以一种新的语言完成教育。
这些年轻人在很多方面既与第一代的成年移民不同，也与第二代移民不同，他们介乎于两者之间。
从事移民教育和其他领域研究的学者们把这种处于中间的群体叫做．“第1 .5 代”。
第1．5 代成员的特征和教育需求在某些地方介于第一代成人移民和第二代移民之间。
“第1.5 代”已经成了一个广为人知的名词，因为它体现了游离于传统分类之外的年轻人所处的中间位置。
了解有多少人属于这一类移民是至关重要的。
目前每年大约有100 万移民来到美国，其中30%以上是不满，8 岁的孩子，这是美国历史上最大的一次儿童新移民浪潮。
第1.5 代移民所面临的挑战大部分人认为儿童移民会很容易适应新国家。
然而，研究却表明他们会经常面临困境。
例如，儿童移民会经常感到烦恼和沮丧。
他们必须远离他们熟悉的祖国、家人和朋友。
对于这些孩子来讲．适应调整是不容易的。
他们很有可能在美国生活了多年后还会面临困难。
比起在美国出生的孩子，儿童移民通常会承担更多的家庭责任。
许多移民父母要打好几份工，工作时间很长，只有这样他们才能挣足够的钱在美国养家糊口。
这样，许多移民儿童就必须自己照顾自己，有时他们还得充当父母的角色去照顾弟弟和妹妹。
移民儿童常常会迫于压力在小小年纪就开始工作或退学来帮助养家糊口。
语言传递者第1.5 代的另一个责任就是充当语言传递者。
语言传递者就是为讲不同语言的人翻译。
而通常语言传递者都没有受过任何正规训练。
许多儿童移民都为他们的父母充当语言传递者。
他们为父母在商场、政府机关甚至在医院充当翻译。
例如，美籍越南作家黎氏艳岁就回忆起她作为语言传递者的经历。
由于她会说英语，她成为了“我们家的头号代表”。
她在家中起着成年人的作用。
她终日“指引着我的家人解决日常生活的困难，包括从杂货店找到牛奶，在社会服务大楼和医院里找到该进的房间。
”价值观冲突儿童移民面临的最大困难也许就是价值观的冲突。
儿童移民承受着适应美国文化的压力。
美国文化中的价值观会和他们的本国文化相冲突。
然而，儿童移民通常会比他们的父母更快地接受美国价值观。
孩子们认识到新的价值观不同于他们父母的价值观，因此会与父母产生冲突。
例如，移民孩子如果像美国孩子那样打扮和举止的话可能会显得大逆不道。
为了适应这种情况，移民孩子身处在完全不同的两种社会之间。
他们必须适应家里的文化和美国的文化。
他们每天都要经历价值冲突。
妙笔生花的黎氏艳岁讲述了她从越南来到加利福尼亚后的成长历程中所经历的冲突。
她“喜欢莳萝通心面和奶酪．而且特别擅长呼啦圈和倒着溜旱冰，”但她的父母却保持着越南的传统习惯。
他们吃姜烧鱼，荔枝和面条汤，这些让她不禁想到“那一整段历史，我原以为已经把它像诸多无用的赘物般从甲板上扔进了万劫不复的太平洋。
”她的家就像是“一个偏远的越南村落”。
当她离开这所房子的时候，父母和越南就好像离她远去。
她这样概括她两相为难的情形：“我在一条宽阔的河流上不停地在两岸之间来回摆渡。
”歧视正如黎氏艳岁的经历所展示的，儿童移民面临着一个棘手的问题。
他们必须同时培养对原家乡文化和美国文化的认同。
除了家庭的压力，儿童移民还常常遭到歧视。
在学校里，有些老师会因为学生不会说英语而认为他们不聪明。
相反，另一些老师可能会对他们期待太高。
这种情况在亚洲移民中很常见，他们必须满足人们对他们成为“少数族裔模范’的期望。
在学校里，第1.5 代还面临其他问题。
学生们经常对第1.5 代的学生抱有偏见。
例如，有些学生，特别是土生土长的美国人，可能会把第1.5 代看作“外国人”。
甚至来自于他们自己文化的学生也瞧不起他们。
他们认为第1.5 代是跟不上时代的。
有时他们把他们称为“F O B（刚下船的）”以示他们的落伍。
而另一方面，新到的移民会认为第1.5 代学生太美国化了。
像美国黑人等其他少数族群则会觉得第1.5 代学生是他们获得更好工作和教育机会的竞争对手。
新移民学校儿童移民在学业上面临的问题更多。
他们必须学会适应英语主导的文化和新的学校体制。
在一些学校里，为移民孩子所提供的服务可能是有限的。
在另一些地方，出现了“新移民学校”的项目。
在这种特殊的学校里，儿童移民可以学习如何适应美国生活和基础英语。
“新移民学校”的作用也遭到了质疑。
批评者认为这种学校与其说解决问题，不如说引发了更多的问题。
这样会助长种族隔离。
他们为学生的教育设置了更多的障碍并且延误了学生融入主流校园生活的时间。
而支持者宣称，这种学校和项目使新移民能站稳脚跟，能帮助孩子加快适应的过程并且肯定其家乡文化的价值，还能帮助新移民儿童建立自信和自尊。
Unit 2全球通用语言——英语随着因特网及其他全球通讯技术的出现，世界已经变小了，人们几乎可以在任何地方、任何时间进行交流，而使用最多的语言就是英语。
英语的使用已遍及全球，成为娱乐、商务和科技活动的交际语。
英语为何享有如此高的地位？答案是英语在历史上一直都充当着强者的语言。
语言学家兼作家戴维·克里斯特尔曾说：“一种语言成为世界语言的唯一原因是说这种语言的人的强大。
”正因为英语是那些在政治、经济、技术和文化上成为了强者的语言，所以它成为了当今世界最常用的交际语言。
有些人把全球化语言的存在当做福音，另一些人却视之为祸水。
的确，全球通用语言能使人们更多地认识和了解彼此。
特别是在科技领域，英语作为首选语言促进了研究合作与知识共享。
尽管具有主导地位的单一语种会更能兼收并蓄，但也会引起分歧和排斥。
英语不是母语的人们可能无法融入进去，而那些英语为母语的人凭借着熟练的语言知识而成为特权精英。
例如，非英语国家的科学家可能无法在国际期刊上发表他们的研究成果。
许多人已经意识到英语的重要性和学习英语的必要性，否则就可能被国际交流圈拒之门外。
英语就像会用计算机一样，成为学生很小就开始学习的一门基本技能。
商业圈更是体会到拥有会说几种语言的员工的好处。
但是，人人都学英语了，那他们会不会忘记或丢掉自己的母语呢？英语不断蚕食其他语言的领地，其他语言还会存在吗？有人认为英语的扩张对全世界语言的独特性和多样性是一种威胁。
不少语言正以惊人的速度消亡，这是事实。
当今世界约有6000种语言，其中90%面临消亡。
随着世界变小，各种社会和文化不断融合，那些边缘性语言就逐渐消失了。
戴维·格拉多尔是一家名为“英语公司”的出版社的执行董事，同时也是《英语的未来》一书的作者。
他说：“那些边远小村庄里的语言随着那儿的人们与外界紧密联系而被同化正在逐渐消失。
”当有人在为失去珍稀冷僻的语言忧心忡忡时，有人却声称随着社会和文化的融合，语言并未消亡，而是融合进而演变成新的混杂型语言。
当英语在某个地方被使用时，它不会一成不变，它会呈现出当地的文化特点和惯例习俗。
当人们把英语当成交流用语时，他们会改造它，从这种意义上说，文化变异和个性因此得以保留。