虚拟语气
虚拟语气的常见用法和形式

虚拟语气的常见用法和形式虚拟语气是用来表达非真实、未实现或假设情况的一种语法形式。
在中文和英语中都存在虚拟语气,但在两种语言中的使用方式和形式略有不同。
本文将介绍虚拟语气在英语中的常见用法和形式。
一、陈述虚拟语气1. 表达过去的虚拟虚拟语气的过去形式常用于表示与现实情况相反的假设或可能性,常用动词包括"be"、"have"、"were"等。
例如:- If I were you, I would apologize to her.- I wish I had studied harder for the exam.2. 表达现在的虚拟现在虚拟语气用于表达与现实情况相反或不确定的假设,常用动词包括"be"、"suggest"、"recommend"等。
例如:- It's about time she got a promotion.- I suggest that he be more careful next time.3. 表达将来的虚拟将来虚拟语气用于表达与现实情况相反或不可能实现的假设,常用动词包括"should"、"were to"等。
例如:- If I should win the lottery, I would buy a big house.- If it were to rain, the event would be canceled.二、命令虚拟语气当表示一种命令、建议或要求时,常使用虚拟语气来显得客气或委婉。
例如:- I suggest that you arrive on time for the meeting.- It's important that he be there for the ceremony.三、愿望虚拟语气愿望虚拟语气用于表达对过去、现在或将来的愿望、期望或希望。
虚拟语气用法总结

概念:谓语v用不同的形式表示说话人的不同意图,这 种形式称为语气。语气分三种: 1.陈述语气:用来陈述一个事实,或提出一种看法,有 肯定、否定、疑问、感叹等形式。
He is late for class. What fun!
He is not interested in classical music. 2.祈使语气:用来表示请求、邀请、命令、警告或劝告 等(动词常用原形) Don’t be late! 3.虚拟语气:表示说话人所说的不是事实,而是一种假 设、愿望、怀疑或推测。
2.If I were you, I would accept his advice. Were I you,……
3.If it rained/should rain/were to rain tomorrow, I would stay at home.
Should it rained tomorrow/ Were it to rain tomorrow,
(或用could have done) 与将来事实相反 could/would/might + do/be
I wish (that)he_w_o_u_ld_/_c_ou_l_d_/m__ig_h_t v_i_si(tvisit) us tomorrow.
I wish (that) he__v_i_si_te_d___(visit)us today. I wish he_h_a_d_v_i_si_t_ed__u_s/_c_o_u_l_d_h_a_v_e_v_is_i_te_d__u_s (visit) us yIfeosntelyrdyaoyu. __h_a_d_li_s_te_n_e_d___ (listen)to our advice!
虚拟语气大全

3. 含有were, had, should, could 的从句 省略if法 If I had a lot of money,
Had I a lot of money, If I would buy I could do this it, house. 如果我能做这件事情,我一定会做的。 Could do it, I would surely do it. IfI the Black Death should reappear , 万一黑死病再次出现,我们该怎么办? Should the Black Death reappear, what should we do?
有一些动词(表建议,命令,请求,要求)后 的从句
Ask, command, decide, demand, desire(希 望), insist, move(动议), order, direct(命令), propose, request, recommend(推荐,建议), suggest, urge(敦促), rule(裁定)…. 特别是说明:由这些动词演变过来的形容词和 名词后的从句的动词与这些动词后的从句谓语 动词用法一样。比如suggest 和suggestion 后的从句的动词都应该用(should) 动词原 型。
句型:it is + 一系列形容词和名词 + that …
-
一系列形容词和名词: important, desirable, necessary, essential, imperative, vital, natural, strange, incredible, my wish, a pity It is natural that mothers should love their children It is natural that mothers love their children (其中should可以省略)
虚拟语气讲解

What would have happened, _____ as far as the river bank? (01 上海) A. Bob had walked farther B. if Bob should walk farther C. had Bob walked farther D. if Bob walked farther
C
二、虚拟语气在名词从句中的运用 (1)用于宾语从句 1、wish 后面的宾语从句中。 一般用虚拟语气,表示一种不可能实现的愿望。其谓 语动词形式为:
表现在
表过去
过去时
过去完成时
表将来 would, might, could+动词原形 I wish (that) I were a bird.
I wish (that) I had seen the film last night. I wish (that) I would\could go.
虚拟语气
虚拟语气的概念
虚拟语气是一种特殊的动词形式,一是用来
表示说话人所说的话不是一个事实,而是一 种假设、猜测、怀疑等(在条件从句中或让步 状语从句中);一是表示说话人的愿望、要求、 命令、建议等 (在宾语从句、表语从句、同位 语从句)。
虚拟语气在 在条件从句中
虚拟条件句
与现在 事实相 反的假 设 与过去 相反的 假设 与将来 相反的 假设
2. 在某些动词后的宾语从句中需用should+动词原形的 虚拟语气形式。“should”可以省略。 常见的动词有: 一个坚持insist; 两个命令order, command ; 三条建议suggest , advise, propose; 四项要求demand, request, require, ask; 另外还有prefer
虚拟语气

1.过去式 过去式 would/could/should 将来 2. should+ V.(原) 原 /might +V.(原) 原 3. were to do
4. It’s (about/high) time +that
过去时(did/were) 过去时 Should(不省) +V.
你该走了。 你该走了。
It’s high time that you went. It’s high time that you should go.
我们该去
It’s time that we went to bed.
★
现在: 现在:过去时 3. as if /though + 从句 过去: 过去: 过去完成时
★ ★
She loves the baby as if it were her own son. I remember the whole thing as if it had
happened yesterday.
3) What ____ last night if you ____ to do your B washing? A. would you do, hadn’t had B. would you have done, hadn’t had C. would you do, didn’t have D. would you have done, didn’t have 4) If I had hurried, the train ____ . D A. would catch C. had caught B. would have caught D. would have been caught
8种虚拟语气

虚拟语气八种虚拟结构:1、在含有表建议、命令、要求、请求、决定、义务等语气的句中借助should(可省略)使用虚拟语气。
1) 动词后的宾语从句2) 名词后的表语从句3) 名词后的同位语从句4) it +be +v-ed that 后的从句5) It +be +形容词+ that后的从句• she suggested that we (should) set off early the next day•My advice is that more trees should be planted in our school.•They won’t accept the suggestion that we should cut all the trees.•It is ordered that all the troops (should) withdraw three miles away.•It is essential(绝对必要的)that he ( should ) your home work first.常见用虚拟语气的词语:1)动词:command, demand, desire(希望), insis t(坚持), order, propose(提议), recommend (推荐), request(要求), require(要求), sugges t(建议)2). 分词:It is proposed that …(人们建议……) It is desired that … (最好、需要……) ,It is requested that … (人们要求……)It is suggested that … (有人建议……) ,It is recommended that …(有人推荐……)It is demanded that …(根据要求……) ,It is decided that …(已经决定……)It is arranged that … (已经安排……) 等等。
虚拟语气英语知识点总结

虚拟语气英语知识点总结一、虚拟语气的概念。
虚拟语气是一种特殊的动词形式,用来表示说话人所说的话不是一个事实,而是一种假设、愿望、怀疑、猜测或建议等。
二、虚拟语气在条件句中的用法。
1. 与现在事实相反的虚拟条件句。
- 结构:从句(If + 主语+ 动词的过去式(be动词一般用were)),主句(主语+ would/should/could/might+动词原形)。
- 例如:If I were you, I would study harder.(如果我是你,我会更努力学习。
实际上我不是你)2. 与过去事实相反的虚拟条件句。
- 结构:从句(If+主语+had+过去分词),主句(主语+would/should/could/might + have+过去分词)。
- 例如:If he had taken my advice, he would have passed the exam.(如果他听了我的建议,他就会通过考试了。
实际上他没听建议,也没通过考试)3. 与将来事实相反的虚拟条件句。
- 结构:从句(If+主语+动词的过去式/should+动词原形/were to+动词原形),主句(主语+would/should/could/might+动词原形)。
- 例如:If it rained tomorrow, we would stay at home.(如果明天下雨,我们就会待在家里。
明天是否下雨还不确定,但这是一种假设情况)- 或者If he should come tomorrow, I would tell him the news.(如果他明天来,我就会告诉他这个消息)- 以及If I were to see her tomorrow, I would give her the book.(如果我明天见到她,我就会把书给她)三、虚拟语气在宾语从句中的用法。
1. wish后的宾语从句。
- 表示与现在事实相反的愿望,从句谓语动词用过去式(be动词用were)。
虚拟语气

虚拟语气
何为虚拟语气?
• 虚拟语气是一种动词形式,表示说话人的 一种愿望、假设、怀疑、猜测、建议等含 义,它所表示的含义不是客观存在的事实。 如: • If I were you, I‘d take them away.如果我是 你的话,我就会带走他们。 • He suggested that our class should be divided into five groups.他建议说我们班应 该分为五个小组。
虚拟语气在状语从句中的用法
• •
• • •
A 在条件状语从句中的用法:虚拟语气在表示条件的状语从句中的使用最常见。
表示与现在事实相反的假设:若表示与现在事实相反的假设,条件从句用一般过去时, 主句中用“would/should/might+动词原形”的形式:If my brother were here, everything would be all right.要是我哥哥在这,一切都没有问题了。 表示与过去事实相反的假设:若表示与过去事实相反的假设,条件状语从句中用过去完 成时,主句中用谓语动词“should/would/could/might +have done”的形式:If I had set off a little earlier, I would have caught the train. 表示与将来事实相反的假设:若表示与将来事实的假设,条件状语从句中用一般过去时、 should+动词原形或were to+原形,主句中谓语动词用should/would/could/might+动词原形的形式: If it were fine tomorrow, I would go shopping.如果明天天气好,我就去买东西。 错综时间条件句:错综时间条件句指条件状语从句表示的动作发生的时间不一致,即条 件从句表示与过去事实相反,主句表示与现在事实相反;或条件从句表示与现在事实相反,主句表 示真实情况:If he had set out earlier, he would be home tomorrow.如果他早点出发的话,现在就 已经到家了。 含蓄条件句:有时为了表达的需要,在虚拟语气中并不总是出现if引导的条件句,而通 过其他手段如介词(短语)with ,without ,but for,副词otherwise,或其他从句来表示虚拟语气的条件: What should I do with a million dollars? 如果你有一百万美元,你会怎么做? We could not have finished the work ahead of time without your help.如果没有你的帮助,我们不会提前完成任务。 But for the rain, we could have held the sport meet.如果不是下雨的话,我们就开运动会了。
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虚拟语气用所给的动词适当形式填空1. If I __________ (be) you, I should study English.2. If he __________ (have) time, he would attend the meeting.3. If you __________ (take) my advice, you __________ (not fail ) in the examination.4. If you __________ (come) tomorrow,we __________ (have) the meeting.5. If it __________ (be) to rain tomorrow, the meeting __________ (be) put off.用所给的动词适当形式填空1. If I __________ (take) your advice, I would be all right now.2. If Lily __________ (lose) her necklace last night, she __________ (not be) so upset now.3. If it __________ (be) not for the new society, I __________ (be) dead.without…; but for…; if not for …; in the absence of…翻译句子1. 要是没有你的帮助,我们就不会取得这么大的进步。
2. 要是没有那位年轻人,那孩子就没救了。
用所给的动词适当形式填空1. Given more time I __________ (do) it better.2. I was ill that day. Otherwise I __________ (attend) the meeting.3. He __________ (give) you more help, but he has been so busy.4. I would have written you before, but I __________ (be) ill.5. I __________ (write) to you, but I don’t know your address.6. I __________ (run) all the way, or I __________ ( be) late for the meeting.用所给的动词适当形式填空1. __________(be) I a bird, I would fly to the sky.2. Had I known your address, I __________ (write) to you last month.翻译句子1. If only I had listened to my parents.2. If only we knew where to look for him.用if only和only if填空1. I wake up __________ the alarm clock rings.2. __________ the alarm clock had rung.(二)虚拟语气用在As if/though;even if/though引导的状语从句中1. Alan talked about Rome as if he __________ (be) a Roman.2. He speaks English so fluently as if he __________ (study) English in England.3. Even if he __________ (be) here, he could not solve the problem.4. He talks about pyramids as though he __________ (see) them himself .(三)虚拟语气用在目的状语从句中1. He was punished lest he __________ (make) the same mistake again.2. I will not make a noise for fear that I __________ (disturb) him.3. I have come all the way here in order that you __________ (understand) me.4. He put his coat over his son in case he __________ (catch) cold.一、用所给的动词适当形式填空1. --It rained cats and dogs this morn ing. I’m glad we took an umbrella.--Yeah, we would have got wet all over if we __________ (have).2.If he __________ (work) hard in the past five years, things wouldn't be going so smoothly.3. --Do you think George has passed the driving test?--No. If so, he __________ (drive) his car to our college yesterday.4. The children __________ (be) lost in the woods; otherwise, they would have been at the lakesidecamp as scheduled.5. I __________ (come) to my cousin’s birthday party last night, but I was not available.6. If he had spent more time practicing speaking English before, he __________ (be) able to speak it much better now.7. He talks about pyramids as though he __________ (see) them himself.8. Ask him to ring me up if you __________ (see) him.9. If we __________ (interrupt) yesterday, we would have finished the work.10.__________ I been given the opportunity, I would not have missed it.二、用在名词性从句中(一)用于主语从句中用所给的动词适当形式填空1. It is necessary that we __________ (attend) the meeting tomorrow.2. It was required that each student ___________ (bring) enough food on the trip.3. It was a pity (a shame, no wonder, etc) that you __________ (be) so careless.4. It is a strange that he __________ (come).(二)用于宾语从句中用所给的动词适当形式填空1. The manager would rather his daughter __________ (work) in the same office.2. The boss would rather Tom __________ (leave) tomorrow.3. The boss would rather Tom __________ (leave) yesterday.用所给的动词适当形式填空1. I would rather__________ ( stay) at home today.2. I would rather __________ (not tell) him the bad news, he is so sad now.3. I would rather you __________ ( not tell) him the bad news now.4. I would rather you __________ (not tell) him the bad news last night.5. Who would you rather __________ (go) with you?6. Who would you rather have __________ (go) with you?用所给的动词适当形式填空1. I suggest that we __________ (hold) a meeting next week.2. He insisted that he __________ (sent) there3. He demanded that he ___________ (get) a higher pay.判断对错()You pale face suggests that you(should)be ill.()Your pale face suggests that you are ill.()I insisted that you(should)be wrong.()I insisted that you were wrong.用所给的动词适当形式填空.1. I wish I __________ (be) as tall as you.2. He wished he __________ (not say) that.3. I wish it __________ (rain) tomorrow.单项选择1. Mike’s father, as well as his mother, insisted he _______ homeA. stayedB. could stayC. has stayedD. stay2. It was requested that the play_______ again.A. should put onB. would put onC. be put onD. put on3. She insisted that a doctor_______ immediately.A. had sent forB. sendC. be sent forD. was sent (三)用于表语从句和同位语从句中1. We are all for your proposal that the discussion __________ ( be) put off.2. The suggestion that the mayor __________ (present) the prizes was accepted by everyone.3. Any proposals that john __________ (be) dismissed must be resisted .4. His idea that we __________ (take)up the matter with a special board is fairly reasonable .5. Our suggestion is that the famous star __________ (put) on a play at the English evening .6. The demand he __________ (make) at the meeting is reasonable.(四)用在定语从句中1. It’s (high/about/over) time that you __________ (go) to school.2. It is ( high / about ) time that we __________ (take ) measures to protect the environment.一、语法填空1. My mom suggests that we __________ (eat) out for a change this weekend.2. Eye doctors recommend that a child’s first eye exam ________(be) at the age of six months old.3. It is necessary that we __________ (clean) the room every day.4. It will be desired that she __________(finish)her homework this afternoon.5. It is high time that we __________ (hold) a meeting to discuss this problem.6. How the old people wish that they __________ (be) young once more!7. The kind-hearted couple treat the orphan very well as though he __________ (be) their own son. 8. He is talking so much about America as if he __________ (live) there.9. --How could I thank you enough? --Don’t mention it. Any other man __________ (do) it.10. I wish that you __________ (have) such a bad headache because I am sure that you would have enjoyed the concert.二、单句改错1. I would rather you don’t do anything about it for the time being.2. The thief closed his eyes as if he was dying.3. The chairman insisted that we will discuss the question again.4. He requested that the students helped them get in crops.5. The guard at the gate insisted that everybody would obey the rules.6. I wish I were here then.7. It is strange that he should come back so early.8. Mother suggested that I could do my homework first before watching TV.9. My suggestion is that the meeting put off till next Sunday.10. The teacher demanded that the exam must be finished before eleven.。